Articles de revues : « Cossacks – Ukraine – History »

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Oliyanchuk, A. « ATTRACTION OF LEFT BANK UKRAINIAN COSSACK REGIMENTS TO SUPPRESS THE POLISH UPRISING OF 1863 – 1864 ». Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, n^o 128 (2016) : 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2016.128.1.10.

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The article is devoted to the problem of studying the history of Left Bank Ukrainian Cossack's regiments, which were created to participate in suppressing the Polish January uprising. The author comes to the conclusion, that the memory about Cossack's times continued to live between the population of Left Bank of Ukraine, even in the middle of XIX century. With the help of that phenomenon government of Russian empire restored Cossacks regiments in 1863. They were convenient form for Cossacks mobilization against Polish rebels. Government created 3 Cossacks regiments. The primary purposes of their formation were preventing actions against spreading uprising on Poltava and Chernihiv provinces. They were deployed in Kyiv general-government for the following: restoring pre-uprising order and participation in suppression possible peasant's insurrection. However, they didn't take part in contact with enemy, because of lack of need. Their main tasks were protection of civil order and military property. The author established that Cossacks regiments actively involved for enhancing the authority of current regime by holding parades in places of formation. Also, there were estimated number and losses of Left Bank Cossack regiments in the campaign of elimination of Polish January uprising.

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Юрій Степанович Фігурний. « COSSACK ARMED ACTIONS IN THE 20-30s OF THE XVIITH CENTURY – LOST CHANCE TO REFORM RZECHPOSPOLITA ». Intermarum history policy culture, n^o 5 (1 janvier 2018) : 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111810.

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The article analyses the Cossack armed actions in the 20-30's of the XVIIth century as the lost chance to reform Rzechpospolita and transform it into a powerful state of the three peoples – Polish, Lithuanian and Ukrainian. It has been found out that after the establishment of Rzechpospolita in 1569 and due to the intergovernmental union of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Ukrainian Cossacks considerably strengthened over the 50 years and became a powerful factor of influence in socio-political and interstate relations of that time. It has been established that at the beginning the Cossacks, conscious of their strength and combat ability, tried to peacefully negotiate with the authorities of Rzechpospolita. Nonetheless after the authorities abandoned a constructive dialogue they began recalcitrance actions, which subsequently turned into bloodthirsty uprisings. The conclusions of the paper state that the Cossack armed actions in the 20-30's of the XVIIth century played a decisive role in Ukrainian ethnic, ethno-cultural, state-building and nation-building processes, but they did not contribute to the reform of Rzechpospolita. In the first quarter of the XVIIth century due to P. Sagaidachny the evolutionary development dominated in the national state formation. In the second quarter of the same century revolutionary means of the Ukrainians (Rus’ians, Rusyns) state and nation formation prevailed. Those were armed actions, military confrontation between the Cossacks and the Polish authorities, the Rus’s magnates and their accomplices, including part of the registered Cossacks, as the main stratum of the social life in the Dnieper region in the second quarter of the XVIIth century. We firmly believe that the Ukrainian Cossacks were the main facilitators and the driving force of the state and nation-building in Ukraine, which ultimately caused the rebellion led by Khmelnitsky and the formation of the Ukrainian Cossack-Hetman State (Hetmanate), which in turn became the underlying ground for the Ukrainians in their heroic struggle for preservation of ethnic identity, restoration of their statehood and formation of a political nation from the end of the XVIIth and to the beginning of the XXIst century.

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Dotsenko, Anatolii, et Tetiana Basiuk. « Sights of the Ukrainian Cossatians as a Tourist Resource ». Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Tourism 5, n^o 1 (30 juin 2022) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7603.5.1.2022.262002.

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The article is devoted to a scientific review of the Cossack monuments network in the territory of Ukraine from the historical and tourist point of view. The sights are systematized according to the selected five Ukrainian Cossacks’ history periods. The article highlights the problems of effective use of Cossack monuments in tourism and proposes the construction of new Cossack monuments and the creation of new tourist routes to the sights of Cossack glory.

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Yang Sumei, Yang Sumei, Wang Jinbo Wang Jinbo et I. Yu Yurchenko. « "COSSACKS RESEARCH" 2020 : IN CHINA ON THE BASIS OF THE ANHUI NORMAL UNIVERSITY HELD AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ». Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management, n^o 20 (2020) : 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2618-8732-2020-84-96.

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The article reports on the international scientific conference "Cossack Studies" 2020 that took place on 12.12.2020. The conference was held in Wuhu (China) at the Anhui Pedagogical University. The conference was organized by the Volga-Dnepr Regional Research Center under the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China and the Institute of Foreign Languages of Anhui Pedagogical University. The conference was attended by over 60 specialists in Cossacks studies and experts from China, Russia and Ukraine. The conference was held in a mixed format - offline and online. At the conference, leading scientists made detailed reports and discussed a number of important theoretical and practical problems of studying the history and culture of the Cossacks and the phenomenon of the Cossacks. The conference was timed to coincide with the 450th anniversary of the Don Cossacks.

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Hromovych, Uliana. « Union of Cossack-nationalists in bulgaria" : consolidation of the Cossack movement in documents of the 1930s ». Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, n^o 17 (31 décembre 2022) : 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2022.17.268835.

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The readers are offered documents about the Cossack cultural, educational and charitable brotherhood "Union of Cossack Nationalists in Bulgaria". During the specified period, the Cossacks experienced a difficult period of restoration, elevation and transformations. In the conditions of large-scale revolutionary movements and the armed struggle for Ukrainian statehood, attempts to consolidate Ukrainian emigration and the use of individual Ukrainian military-Cossack traditions in their activities played a rather noticeable role. During this time, the Ukrainian emigration created many Cossack centers abroad, which were engaged in popularizing the ideas of the Cossacks, the history of Ukraine in emigration, and sought the restoration of independent Ukraine. Today, this experience of the Cossack movement in the 1930s remains little-known for today, is little covered in literature and is available only in archives. Therefore, the found documents are valuable because they contain information about the activities, ideas and leaders of the Union of Cossack Nationalists in Bulgaria. With the help of documents, the article for the first time determined the approximate date of foundation and traced the main tasks of the society. The article found that the society had a charter that regulated its activities, participated in events of the Ukrainian diaspora in Bulgaria, interacted with the government and other organizations.

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Muzychko, Oleksandr. « COSSACK IDEA IN ACTIVITIES OF LEADER OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT IVAN LUTSENKO AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY ». Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, n^o 16 (24 décembre 2021) : 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2021.16.245740.

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The purpose of this article is to study the activities of Ivan Mitrofanovich Lutsenko (1863–1919) about his activities, which were aimed at popularizing the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks, the struggle for the spread of the Cossack worldview and spiritual values. I seek to deepen the study of this issue, based on previous research. The corresponding image of I. Lutsenko was reflected in the first essays-memoirs about him, the authors of which were his friends. G. Zlenko, T. Vintskovsky, V. Lobodaev and others wrote about I. Lutsenko as an adherent of the Cossack idea. I. Lutsenko was born in Poltava region in a family that probably had Cossack roots. In 1908, the first Cossack text by I. Lutsenko was published in the Kyiv newspaper Rada, which had not yet been taken into account by his biographers, including us. The Odessa doctor's note was devoted to the issue of P. Polubotko's treasures, which was relevant in Ukraine in the early twentieth century and then in the 1990s. The thesis about the purpose of these treasures caused doubts in I. Lutsenko, but instead he denied the opinion of D. Yavornytsky that this story is a fabrication. The apogee of the realization of these ideas precisely because of the idea of the revival of the Cossack ethos fell on the period of the Great War and the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921. Many sources and memoirs reflect the contribution of I. Lutsenko during the Ukrainian revolution in the formation of detachments of free Cossacks. I. Lutsenko zealously undertook to implement the decision of the General Cossack Council on the organization of free Cossacks, especially in the regions that still "breathed" the Cossack history and traditions: Katerynoslav, Poltava, Kherson. I. Lutsenko founded and headed the section of free Cossacks at the Odesa Ukrainian Military Council. I. Lutsenko's efforts aimed at forming the neo-Cossack idea and movement were also embodied in his writing of a number of articles on relevant topics, which were published in the Odesa editions of 1917–1918. The basis of the conceptual vision of the doctor of the Ukrainian Cossacks was antiquity and longevity, confidence that historical traditions are the foundation of modernity. He traces the origins of the Cossacks to the times of Russia, the prince's wife and the viche tradition. I. Lutsenko portrayed the social system of the Zaporizhzhya Sich in absolutely ideal tones as the embodiment of the socialist and democratic ideals that humanity dreams of. I. Lutsenko's belief in the success of the revival of the Cossacks was based on his belief in the organic nature of this idea for the Ukrainian people and its immortality. I. Lutsenko considered the hope of external support instead of belief in the strength of his own people to be a tragic historical mistake of Ukrainians. Thus, we can conclude that in general I. Lutsenko's activity was the development of populist traditions of perception of the Cossacks, but in the extreme conditions of the revolution he was one of the few people in the south of Ukraine who modernized this tradition, laid the foundation for the future state vision of the Cossack phenomenon.

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Kasianov, Georgiy Vladimirovich, et Tatiana Gennadyevna Tairova-Yakovleva. « Reserve Hortyca and its place in historical memory ». Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 29, n^o 1 (2021) : 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.108.

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This article is dedicated to the place of the Hortyca reserve in the Cossack myth and the historical memory of Ukraine. The Cossack myth at different stages of its formation, in its post-Soviet-populist version, was successfully integrated into the state policy of memory of independent Ukraine. The article reveals the stages and the historical context of the creation of the Hortyca reserve, shows the lack of a historical base for the «reconstruction» of the Zaporizhisn Sich. Nevertheless, the Cossack movement and the Cossack theme gain an important place in the historical politics of the presidents. The Cossack movement also became participants and organizers of public commemorative actions associated with significant events in Cossack history. The events of the Maidan 2013–2014 added new colors to the Cossack myth. The use of the Hortyca complex for the formation of an artificial place of memory associated with the Zaporizhzhya Sich and the Cossacks is studies. It is shown that there was no historical or archaeological basis for the formation of the memorial on Bolshaya Hortyca. Nevertheless, since the time of N. Yavornitsky, a number of stages in the creation of such a place of memory can be traced. In particular, P. Shelest’s decisions on perpetuating the memory of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. In 1965 was made a decision to create a historical and cultural reserve «Hortyca». One of the key places is the grave of the ataman I. Sirko. The exhumation and further investigation of Sirko’s remains became the subject of a war of memory. Only in 2000, the skull of the legendary chieftain was buried. The reserve itself remained the subject of speculation and manipulation of the Cossack myth, since would not be based on either historical or archaeological data, but it was based on the idea of recreating a certain generalized image. As a result, the complex «Hortyca’s Sich» turned out to be a generalized image of Cossack fortifications with an attempt to reproduce the structure of all eight Cossack sections that existed in the 17th–18th centuries. The complex is actively used by reenactors and folklorists.

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Svitlenko, Serhii. « The Mental Space of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in representations оf Dmytro Yavornytsky ». Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 3, n^o 2 (29 décembre 2020) : 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26200214.

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The aim of the article is to study the mental space of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in representations of the prominent Ukrainian historian Dmytro Yavornytsky (1855–1940). Historiographic analysis and synthesis are research methods. Sources: works of Dmytro Yavornytsky, memoirs of contemporaries of the scientist-historian, modern historiography. The main results are that the author actualizes the historical and geographical aspect of the mental history of Ukraine; shows the importance of understanding spatial identification and differentiation for the realization of historical and national identity, mental understanding of the world on the examples of achievements of Ukrainian and foreign European scientists. Based on the analysis of Dmytro Yavornytsky’s creative work, it is proved that the scientist-historian came to the conclusion about the ancient, organic nature of the territory of the Steppe Ukraine to the Freedoms of the Zaporozhian Lowland Army; its external borders are established; the internal Ukrainian territorial demarcation between the lands of the Army of the Zaporozhian lower and Poltava regiments of the Hetmanate is marked. An expert on the history of the Zaporozhian Freedoms established that the space of the mental world of the Zaporozhian Cossacks covered a huge steppe expanse that ran along both banks of the Dnipro; widely used the data of hydrography, topography, climate, flora and fauna of the Zaporozhian region to understand the features of this area, which had a huge impact on the mentality of the Cossacks. The Dnipro River, which united the two banks of the Zaporozhian Freedoms, was of sacred significance for the mental world of the Cossacks. To understand the spatial component of the mental world of the Cossacks, it is important to divide the military and territorial division of the Zaporizhzhya, to show the history of the Cossacks in the context of contacts with neighbors. Noting the peculiarities of the history of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Dmytro Yavornytsky closely linked the struggle of the Zaporozhian Cossacks not only for the rights and freedoms of Zaporizhzhya, but also of other Ukrainian lands, which confirms the mental unity of the Cossacks with other parts of Ukraine. Brief conclusions. D. I. Yavornytsky revealed the spatial aspects of the diverse mental world of the Cossacks, which gave rise to a special historical energy, the basis of freedom-loving and the strength of spirit of the Zaporozhian society. The practical significance of the article is that its material will be of interest to students, graduate students, doctoral students and historians in the study of historiography and mental history of Ukraine. The originality of the article is in understanding of little- studied mental aspects of the heritage of the scientist-historian. Scientific novelty is in the development of insufficiently studied problem of the mental world of the Cossacks in the work of Dmitry Yavornytsky. Type of article: analytical.

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Hartley, J. « The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine ». English Historical Review 118, n^o 478 (1 septembre 2003) : 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.478.1001.

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BOLIANOVSKYI, Andrii. « Moscow Kingdom and Cossack-Polish confrontation in Ukraine, 1591–1638 ». Ukraine-Poland : Historical Heritage and Public Consciousness 12 (2019) : 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/up.2019-12-5-30.

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The purpose of the studyis general analysis of the main practical ways and forms of Muscovy’s intervention into Cossack-Polish confrontations as well as the main tendencies in its policy towards anti-Polish Cossack uprisings in Ukraine from 1591 to 1638. The author, using methods of critical analysis of Moscow Kingdom’s policy and new approaches in his scholar work, explains it in the context of development of political events and war conflicts in Central-Eastern Europe during above-mentioned period. The new conceptual view on Kremlin’s role in the inspiration of hostility between the Ukrainian Cossacks and Poland is proposed. The author explains it by the large-scale conquering policy of Moscow Kingdom. «Collection of lands of Rus’ (former State of Kyiv)» was declared as first step on the way of realization of its aggressive foreign policy. Ukrainian lands including Kyiv were main lands on the way of Kremlin’s policy tending toward territorial expansion. The policy with aim to attract the sympathies of Ukrainian Cossacks to Moscow Kingdom was integral part of political actions aiming to worse internal situation in Poland during realization of wide-spreading plans of creation of great-powered Moscow Kingdom in context of implementation of concept «Moscow is Third Rome». Despite of some financial support of Muscovy for the participants of anti-Polish Cossack uprisings in 1591–1596, the Ukrainian Cossacks didn’t kept their loyalty in relation to the king of Muscovy; they clearly demonstrated their animosity to Moscow Kingdom by their participation in many campaigns on Moscow, which were organized commonly with the representatives of internal opposition of Moscow king and by the political support of king of Poland in 1604–1618. The intentions of Kremlin to take the Army of Zaporizhzhia on service to Moscow king in 1620–1621 years are explained by its preparations of war against Poland that was not realized because Turkey refused to be an ally of Muscovy in planned military campaign against Warsaw. Separate attention is devoted to the history of formation of policy of spiritual dependence of Ukraine from Moscow. The author concentrates his special attention on characterization of ways of spiritual influence of Moscow patriarchy on the believers of Orthodox Church in Ukraine that was one of many measures for preparation of subordination of the Kyiv metropolitan and this Church in the formal submission of Moscow. The author interprets this policy as one of facilities of purposeful campaign of Kremlin’s psychological war against Poland and one of many practical ways of future policy of consistent political, economic, ideological, psychological and spiritual «Moscovization» of Ukraine under the name «Small Rus’», later «Small Russia» (separate administrative-territorial unit (province) with the limited autonomy as integral part of Moscow Kingdom). A conclusion is done, that both Cossack and Warsaw elites underestimated risks and threats of Moscow Kingdom intervention in Ukrainian-Polish confrontations as the «third force» or actually as their new participant. This interference became the first step on a way to to realization of plan of incorporation of Ukraine to Moscow Kingdom and at the same time to destruction of state and national independence of Poland and just created then Cossack state in Ukraine. Keywords Moscow Kingdom, Poland, Ukraine, Ukrainian Cossacks

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Hudson, Hugh D., et Serhii Plokhy. « The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine ». Sixteenth Century Journal 34, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2003) : 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20061600.

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Tyumentsev, Igor. « Cossacks in the Movement of Zemstvo Militias in Russia (1611–1612) ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n^o 4 (septembre 2019) : 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.4.1.

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ntroduction. The issue of the Cossacks’ participation in the events of the Time of Troubles in the last decades is one of the most relevant in connection with the modern social movement for “the recovery of the Cossacks”. Methods and materials. Studies of the late 20th – early 21st centuries show that one of the main forces of the rebel movement at the first stages of the Time of Troubles were the Cossacks who were in military public service of the cities of the southern Ukraine of Russia. Researchers have quite deeply developed the issue of the Cossacks’ participation in the movements of impostors of 1604–1610, begun studying the history of free Cossack troops in 1613–1618. However, the Cossacks’ participation in the zemstvo liberation movement is investigated insufficiently now. Analysis. The Zemstvo, an elective district and provincial administrative assembly in the prerevolutionary Russia, failed to call together a proper Assembly of the Land (Zemsky Sobor) of the correct composition. They were unable to do so due to the lack of members of the Sacred Council in the Boyar Duma detachments since the establishment of the Zemstvo militia. The lower curia of the Assembly of the Land was convened near Moscow. It comprised the members elected by the nobility and the tenements and formed the Sovet vsej Zemli. The Council appointed a three-man government which included boyar prince D.T. Trubetskoy, boyar hetman I.M. Zarutsky and Duma nobleman P.P. Lyapunov. On June 30, 1611 Sovet vsej Zemli adopted the Verdict which was a kind of Zemstvo Constitution. Under the circumstances, in the camps, there was a transformation of Cossack serving regiments from government and rebel troops into the free Russian Cossack Host on the pattern of the Don, Zaporozhye and Terek Cossack Hosts. The Cossack Circle similarly to Sovet vsej Zemli became a parallel supreme body of the state government. During one Circle gathering, P.P. Lyapunov was killed. After this, the significance of Sovet vsej Zemli in the camps near Moscow fell considerably. However, it was revived again in Yaroslavl in the regiments of D.M. Pozharsky and K. Minin. Over 1611–1612, it was the free Cossack Host that carried out the main siege of the capital and played a crucial role in saving the country. The free Cossack Host did not have constant members and in 1612 was divided into the Cossack camps headed by D.T. Trubetskoy, I.M. Zarutsky and D.M. Pozharsky. This factor subsequently led to the formation of two voluntary Cossack Hosts: Vyaznikovsky and Zaugorsky. However, the free Cossack Host and the Cossack Circle played an important role in electing the new Tsar.

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Pasichnyk, Mykhaylo, et Susanna Pasichnyk. « GENEALOGY OF HETMAN OF UKRAINE IVAN VYHOVSKY ». Scientific Journal of Polonia University 43, n^o 6 (18 juin 2021) : 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4314.

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The life of the Ukrainian nation developed in such a way that due to unfavorable historical circumstances there were few long-term phenomena in it. But in the pages of the history of each nation there is imprinted its image – intelligence, spirituality, dignity, the ability to build or destroy, consume or create, act or contemplate. National identity is considered to be a fundamental feature of the nation, that is the most comprehensive combination of mind and spirit, which are acquired and transmitted from generation to generation. One prominent personality of I. Vyhovsky is pointed out as a glorious figure in the history of the Ukrainian Cossack state. During his life I. Vyhovsky had a number of followers mainly among the gentry who supported him after collapse of relations with Moscow in 1657. The opposing forces which operated against I. Vyhovsky were not only from pro-Moscow adherents but from the senior Cossacks as well as peasants. Those ones were talented at gossiping, slandering. After I. Vyhovsky’s death the oponents simmered dowm, however, the facts related to his political and statebuilding activities have been preserved since that period.

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Kinashchuk, O. « UKRAINIAN SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF 1940-60S ABOUT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ZAPOROZHIAN HOST AND RUSSIA DURING THE HAYDAMATSKIY MOVEMENT IN THE XVIII CENTURY ». Intermarum history policy culture, n^o 11 (1 décembre 2022) : 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112037.

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The purpose of the research is to analyze the works of Ukrainian Soviet historians of the 1940s and 1960s, who are devoted to the Haidamat movement and the role of Cossacks in it. Changes in the Soviet paradigm regarding the interpretation of the history of the Zaporozhian Host and the social and political aspects of Zaporizhzhya-Russian relations during the spread of the Haydamak movement in the 18th century are traced.The influence of the resolutions of the congresses of the CPSU on the coverage of the 300th anniversary of the "reunification of Ukraine and Russia" and the 200th anniversary of the Koliivshina has been studied. Among the methods that were used during the preparation of the article - general scientific and general historical, analysis of the Soviet historiography of the problem, comparison and generalization. The scientific novelty is emphasized by the fact that in modern Ukrainian historiography there are no works dedicated to the study of the history of Zaporizhzhya-Russian relations during the Haydamak movement of the 18th century. The author of the article proposes to fill this historiographical gap. Conclusions. In the context of the study of the Haydamak movement of the 18th century, Soviet historians considered Zaporozhye-Russian relations as a component of the struggle of peasants against feudal lords in Right-Bank Ukraine. This was due to the promotion and consolidation in Soviet historiography of the idea of the "leading role" of the peasantry, instead of the Cossacks, in the wars and uprisings of the outlined period. Soviet historians consciously supported the policy of the Central Committee of the CPSU, participating in the transformation of historical science into a political tool, manipulating facts to suit the ruling ideology.

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Stanytsina, G. O. « RESEARCH OF THE UKRAINIAN COSSACKS IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE BY D. YA. TELEHIN (according to documents stored in the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archeology, NAS of Ukraine) ». Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 37, n^o 4 (23 décembre 2020) : 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.04.05.

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The Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine keeps the personal holding of the prominent Ukrainian archaeologist Dmytro Telehin (1919—2011), Doctor of historical sciences, Professor, who studied archeological sites from the Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. The entire home archive of the scholar whose materials are arranged according to the archeological periods was brought to the Scientific Archive. Within the thematic complex the documents are arranged by dates and content. This publication is devoted to those documents of the personal fund D. Ya. Telehin, which relate to the study of archaeological sites and history of the Ukrainian Cossacks. TThe collection contains: field diary, copies of scientific reports on archeological excavations, drawings and plans of the area and excavations, photographs and drawings of finds and other documents. Archival materials related to the study of the Sich territories where the Cossacks lived and their necropolises are located, were dated from 1990 to 1994. Dmytro Telehin inspected and researched the following Cossack Sichs: Tomakivska (1564—1593) near the town of Marhanets; Bazavlutska (1593—1630) near the village of Leninske; Mykytynska (1638—1652) in Nikopol; Chortomlytska or as it was also called Kapulivska, or «old» (1652—1709) near the village of Kapulivka; Pokrovska, which was called «new» (1734—1775), near the village of Pokrovsk in the Kherson region. The personal stock of D. Ya. Telehin contains the documents that reflect the visit of the scholar to island of Khortytsia, the research of the Oleshkivska Sich (1711—1728), as well as the camp of Severyn Nalyvaiko on Turkachivsky hill near the village of Solonitsa (in 1596), Poltava region. Of considerable interest are the documents about the journey of D.Ya. Telegin to the island of Solovky, Arkhangelsk region where Petro Kalnyshevsky, the last Hetman of the New Sich, has been exiled. The scholar’s collection also contains his lifetime publications on the topic of the Cossacks, the layout of the book «Cossack times. Sich Zaporiz`ka» and other documents concerning Ukrainian Cossacks, their places of residence and burial.

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Muzychko, Olexsandr. « Instrumentalization of the image of the Ukrainian Cossacks among the american ukrainian diaspora during the USA anti-communist war in Vietnam in the 1960s - 1970s ». Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, n^o 17 (31 décembre 2022) : 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2022.17.270210.

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The purpose of this article is to study the instrumentalization of the image of the Ukrainian Cossacks among the Ukrainian diaspora of the United States in relation to the events of the Vietnam War in the 1960s and 1970s. Two aspects were the subject of attention: the use of the image of Cossacks in the activities of Ukrainians who fought in the US army and the promotion of this image in the reflection of representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora. Consequently, the US war against the communist threat in Vietnam was perceived by the Ukrainian diaspora in the US as a continuation of the age-old struggle against Russia. It is natural that Ukrainians, soldiers of the US army, were perceived in particular as bearers of Cossack traditions. Naturally, the emphasis was placed on the anti-Russian pages of the Cossacks' activities. Modern cosmopolitan historiography often gives the concept of "instrumentation of history" a completely negative connotation. We cannot agree with this. History has always been, is and will be a part of the social and ideological process. The use of the image of Cossacks among Ukrainians in the United States during the Vietnam War had a positive effect on the integration of Ukrainians into the public space of the United States and the actualization of Ukrainian traditions. "Plast" and its magazine "Yunak" became the most important cementing link in the actualization of Cossack traditions. In general, on the example of the war in Vietnam, we can see how modern turning events affect our attitude to assessments of the past. Once slandered by neo-Marxists and other leftists of all shades as "unfair interference in sovereign affairs", now, against the background of Russian aggression, which continues precisely the traditions of the left, Chekist forces, special operations of Lenin-Stalin-Brezhnev, interest in this war is growing precisely as an experience struggle with currently relevant threats, the lost chance to prevent them. Of course, at the same time, there is a reassessment of the participation of ethnic Ukrainians in these events from something shy to heroic, which contains a significant educational potential for modern defenders of Ukraine. This had a positive effect on increasing the self-esteem of the still-living veterans of this war of Ukrainian origin, their due respect, and the involvement of some of them (P. Sodol) as experts in Ukraine's latest anti-Russian war.

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Melnychenko, Volodymyr. « Mykhailo Hrushevsky : «Cossacks were ruining Moscow walls ...» ». Osvitolohiya, n^o 6 (2017) : 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2226-3012.2017.6.6470.

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This article deals with Taras Shevchenko’s and Mykhailo Hrushevskyi’s perception and evaluation of the unique and little known page of the national and international history – the attack of the Moscow Kremlin by the Cossack army of Hetman Sahaidachnyi in autumn 1618. There are certain pages from the Ukrainian history that are forgotten or not well-known in the civil society that, in fact, require the emphasis in the educational process, the patriotic upbringing of youth, the formation of national pride and even a new genetic matrix of historical memory. They include the assault of the Moscow Kremlin by the Cossack army of Petro Sahaidachny, the Ukrainian hetman, on the Pokrov in 1618, that is four centuries ago. The author reminds of the heroic page with the help of Mykhailo Hrushevsky, a prominent Ukrainian historian and statesman, who took over the attention and respect for it from Taras Shevchenko. Hrushevsky signaled the nation that those were not Shevchenko's works that the history of Ukraine should be studied from, but it is impossible to know it in all its colors and completeness of the national bitterness without Kobzar’s poetic words. Shevchenko's understanding of the history of Ukraine, that he had melted to become his poetry, has had a much greater impact on readers than any scientific works do. The findings of the research show that the unique and complicated episode of the Ukrainian-Russian relations and political-leadership biography of Sahaydachny requires further serious study and objective evaluation. Moreover, that was not specifically and profoundly done by either Mykhailo Hrushevsky or Dmytro Yavornytsky who did not analyzeit generally and in details. Certain interesting attempts taken by contemporary historians have not materialized in the original study yet.

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Bredikhin, Anton. « Civil War in Ukraine : Scientific Approaches and the Factor of the Cossacks ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n^o 4 (septembre 2022) : 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.4.23.

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Introduction. The events in Ukraine in 2013-2014 contributed to the manifestation of the Ukrainian political crisis, which led to the secession of the Crimean Peninsula, the Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics. The new Ukrainian authorities, realizing the impossibility of returning the Crimea, launched a military operation against the DPR and LPR, the so-called “ATO”. The general civil confrontation between Kiev on the one hand and Donetsk and Luhansk on the other hand led to the beginning of the civil war in Ukraine, the fact of which is not recognized by the Ukrainian authorities, but is presented as “Russian aggression”. Methods. Through institutional analysis, the study identifies approaches to understanding the factor of the civil war in Ukraine. Analysis. The participants of the armed confrontation, both on the part of Ukraine, and on the part of the DPR and LPR, are Ukrainian citizens. The fact that there are a significant number of Russian citizens among the militia, primarily from among the Cossacks, is due to the historical unity of the lands of the pre-revolutionary Region of the Don Army, socio-cultural and blood-related factors. The participation of the Cossacks in the conflict is of particular importance in the context of Ukraine’s positioning itself as a “Cossack country”. An important place in the understanding of the military confrontation is occupied by the transnationalization of political elites for the post-Soviet space, which acts as an impulse for the unity of the population of the former USSR. In a civil war, there is no boundary dividing the parties on civilizational, ethnic and linguistic grounds. But at the same time, some authors highlight the factor of regional identity. Results. Approaches to the definition of the civil war in Ukraine are revealed. The reluctance of the perception of the concept of “civil war” by the Ukrainian authorities is determined. The assessment of the further development of the civil war in the country is given.

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Drozdowski, Mariusz R. « Political Reasons for Khmelnitsky Uprising from the Perspective of the Polish-Lithuanian Nobility ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, n^o 4 (2021) : 1149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.407.

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The article discusses the political reasons for Khmelnytsky uprising in the opinions of the nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The outbreak of the Cossack insurrection led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky at the beginning of 1648, which immediately involved broad strata of the Ukrainian society and quickly transformed into a national liberation war, caused terror among noblemen. An additional factor influencing the mood of the nobility was the growing awareness of Khmelnytsky’s political ambitions, whose realization posed a deadly threat to the current political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This article is largely devoted to discussing the views of the nobility on the subject of political motives encouraging the Cossacks to armed resistance against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which fundamentally influenced its assessment of the nature of the uprising. Detailed analysis of correspondence, seimiks’ resolutions (lauda) and instructions as well as certain fictional and journalistic sources is provided. The article emphasizes that there was a conviction among the nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the political motives of the Cossack uprising. This conviction was mainly based on the news about Khmelnytsky’s aspirations to separate Ukraine and to build an independent state entity referred to as the Russian Principality. Understanding by the gentry of the emancipatory aspirations of the insurgents had a huge impact on the nature of the Commonwealth policy the towards events in Ukraine in the second half of the seventeenth century.

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Mattingly, Daria. « Johann Christian von Engel. Istoriia Ukrainy ta ukrains'kykh kozakiv ». East/West : Journal of Ukrainian Studies 3, n^o 2 (10 septembre 2016) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t24g6p.

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Johann Christian von Engel. Istoriia Ukrainy ta ukrains'kykh kozakiv [History of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Cossacks]. Trans. Iurii Holubkin, L. Nazarenko, Ievhen Khodun, Olena Butenko, Ie. Chekariev, and L. Udovenko. Ed. Volodymyr Kravchenko. Comp. Taras Chuhui. Kharkiv: Fakt, 2014. 640 pp. Foreword by Volodymyr Kravchenko. Illustrations. Notes. Comments by Dmytro Chornyi, Taras Chuhyi, and Volodymyr Mil'chev. Name Index. Geographic Index. Cloth.

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BAKHANOV, K. « CONTENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL COURSE OF THE HISTORY OF UKRAINE IN THE DAYS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL RENAISSANCE ». Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, n^o 2 (6 octobre 2022) : 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2022-1-2-37-47.

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The article is devoted to highlighting the important didactic-historical problem of forming the content of the educational course of the history of Ukraine in the era of the Ukrainian national renaissance. It was determined that three main periods can be traced in this process: 1) 40–70 years of the 19th century, 2) 80–90 years of the 19th century; 3) the beginning of the XX century. The characteristic features of the first period were the appearance of the first attempts to determine the content of the educational course of the history of Ukraine based on the history of the Cossack era with the embodiment of the ideas of self-sufficiency (separation from the Russian one), sobrality, Christian and democratic values, and the heroism of the Ukrainian people (P. Kulish). During the second period, the formation of worldview and didactic requirements for the content of the educational course on the history of Ukraine takes place (a focus on the formation of national consciousness, patriotism, a combination of universal and national values, a reflection of the main historical events, material and spiritual achievements of the Ukrainian people, the influence of geographical factors on history, accessibility, etc.), and the idea of the identity and independence of the Ukrainian people, their right to their own state, the realization of which constitutes the essence of Ukrainian history, which causes the princely, Lithuanian-Polish, Cossack, and Austrian-Russian periods to be distinguished in the educational literature (O. Barvinskyi). The third period is associated with the appearance and consolidation in the educational literature of M. Hrushevskyi's scheme of the history of Ukraine: the pre-state period, the state period (the Kyiv period, which turns into the Galicia-Volyn period), the Lithuanian-Polish period, the Cossack period, the decline of the Cossacks, the Ukrainian revival). Attempts to show the history of Ukraine in the context of events of world history (G. Kovalenko), to combine the personification of history with broad generalizations (M. Arkas), to introduce ideas of the connection of the Ukrainian people with Europe in parallel with emphasizing the individuality of Ukrainians and the presence of historical disputes with the Russians (B. Grinchenko). Key words: content of the history course, textbook, Ukrainian national renaissance, scheme of Ukrainian history by M. Hrushevsky.

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Корнієнко, Олег. « FIGURES OF THE APOSTOL-KYGYCH DYNASTY IN THE HISTORY OF SLOBODA UKRAINE OF THE XVIII CENTURY ». КОНСЕНСУС, n^o 2 (2022) : 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2022-02/017-036.

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The article is devoted to the study of the history of the Apostol-Kygych dynasty and their role in the life of Slobidska Ukraine of the XVIII century. The ancestor of the dynasty Philip Petrovich Apostol-Kygych, who belonged to the Wallachian nobility, enlisted in the army of Peter I. In 1718 he received Russian citizenship and was awarded estates in the settlements of Pina, Zlodiyivka, and Ugroidy Sumy Sloboda Cossack Regiment. Having received lands with the population living there, he began to pursue an anti-people policy. He ruthlessly exploited not only dependent peasants but also began to seize land plots of registered Cossacks. At the same time, representatives of local authorities were on the side of Philip Apostol-Kygych and other emigrants of Wallachian origin, who were on military service in the Russian Empire and were in a privileged position. This is evidenced by the resolution of the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna of August 25, 1740, which allowed the Wallachians, Greek Serbs, and other foreigners who entered the civil service to buy land, but with the condition of preventing conflicts with the local population. This document legalized the possibility for such persons as members of the Apostol-Kygych family not only to freely buy land, to shade the local peasant and Cossack population, despite the reservations set out in the above-mentioned resolution. The next Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovna issued personal decrees of May 21 and July 3, 1742, which forbade the enslavement of immigrants from Ukraine. The latter could only voluntarily become citizens of the Russian landlords. The above-mentioned decrees could not stop the confrontation between the Cossack population of Pina and the family of the Apostol-Kygych. Such conflicts were investigated by the Sumy Regiment Chancellery, which later pleaded not guilty to one of the members of Captain Peter's family. Later, the descendants of the Apostol-Kygych family continued to oppress the local population by indulging the local authorities, which in some cases used troops to suppress peasant-Cossack demonstrations in Sloboda Ukraine.

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Кotsur, Halyna. « MILITARY ART OF THE KISH ATAMAN OF ZAPOROZ’KA SICH PETRO KALNYSHEVSKY IN HISTOROGRAPHY OF THE END OF THE ХVІІІ – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES ». Journal of Ukrainian History, n^o 39 (2019) : 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.11.

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Petro Kalnyshevsky (1691-1803) entered the history of Ukraine as the last kish ataman of the Zaporoz’ka Sich, a talented military leader, a diplomat, an economist and a philanthropist. Personality of P. Kalnyshevsky causes heated debate until this time, despite a significant number of works (over 1650) devoted to the study of the important milestones of his life and activities. Among the masses of various topics associated with P. Kalnyshevsky, which arise periodically, is the military activity and martial art of the Zaporozhian leader, through the prism of the history of Nova Sich and the Russian-Turkish wars of the eighteenth century. The analysis of the status of the study of the figure of the Cossack ataman of the Zaporoz’n Sich P. Kalnyshevsky at the end of the XVIII – early XX centuries has shown unequal interest in this problem and ambiguous attitude towards it. We must pay tribute to the fact that it was the historical researches of the specified period that formed the basis for further objective research on the history of New Sich and the direct activities of P. Kalnyshevsky. The military activities of P. Kalnyshevsky began to be highlighted in the writings of the first historians of the Cossacks and continue to cause a research interest until nowadays. Nevertheless, there are no special studies on the identified issues in Ukrainian historiography. This issue was considered and continues to attract the attention of historians only in the context of studying the history of the Cossacks in general, or the life and activities of P. Kalnyshevsky. The historiographical analysis of the works related to the military activity of the Cossack ataman P. Kalnyshevsky made it possible to identify certain features and stages of the study of this problem. This issue didn’t attract the attention of scientists for a long time, and the available information concerned mainly the military service of the Zaporozhians during the Russo-Turkish wars. Thus, at the time of the XVIII century, we encounter small references that cover the military service of the Sich Cossacks. They are devoid of objectivity and permeated with a negative attitude towards the Cossacks, which shows the undeniable influence of imperial ideology on scientific research. There are observed some changes in the problem that we find out in the works of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Historians of this era sought to deeper and more objective clarification of the issue. They used archival materials in their studies. However, the source base was provided without its critical analysis.

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Voronchuk, Iryna. « Abiding Traditions of the Heroic Ukrainian Spirit ». Ukrainian Studies, n^o 1(82) (31 mai 2022) : 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.1(82).2022.256274.

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430 years ago, at the turn of 1591–1592, there broke out the very first Cossack uprising in the whole series of Cossack uprisings of the end of the 16th-first half of the 17th century. Being the result of half of a century relentless Cossack struggle, they transformed into the war of 1648-1654 under the leadership of Khmelnytsky and eventually led to the re-establishment of Ukrainian statehood in the mid-17th century. The article historiographically elucidates social and national origins of Kryshtof Kosynsky, the leader of the uprising, as well as his religious confession, reasons behind his coming to Zaporizhzhia, first mentionings of him, and the beginnings of his service in protecting the Commonwealth’s borders. Kosynky’s contacts and relationships with high-ranking government officials, in particular Janush Zamoski and members of the Ostrogski and Wiśniowecki magnate princely families are clarified as well as his matrimonial ties with the Rużyński princely family. The article elaborates on the state of the Cossacks, their recruitment and how they were treated by the government, causes of their discontent and the specific motive for the uprising. The article also shows how the insurrectionary events unfolded, in particular near Bila Tserkva, Trypillia, and Piatka. The circumstances of Kosynsky’s death and the myths around him are described.This anniversary has given an opportunity to recall commitment and heroic deeds of Cossacks who defended not only the rights and freedoms of their own estate, but also ignited other strata of society with the holy spirit of freedom. In this article, which was written before the Russian-Ukrainian war unleashed by Russia on February 24, 2022, the author traces similarities between the courage of Cossack knights and heroic deeds which are currently being manifested en masse by the soldiers of the Armed Forces and civilians of Ukraine. Thus, nowadays the descendants of the Cossack knights courageously defend not only the borders, independence and freedom of Ukraine as it has long been the case in our national history, but without exaggeration also European democratic values and Western civilization as such. This massive heroism and courage of Ukrainians testifies that the freedom-loving traditions of the Ukrainian nation are invincible.

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Chava, Ihor. « THE UKRAINIAN-MOSCOW TREATY OF 1654 IN THE INTERPRETATIONS OF POLISH HISTORIANS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ». Problems of humanities. History, n^o 5/47 (27 mars 2021) : 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.5/47.217831.

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Summary. The purpose of the study is to research the interpretations of the Ukrainian-Moscow treaty of 1654 in the works of Polish historians of the first half of the twentieth century; study the approaches of scientists to identify the reasons for the mutual understanding of the Ukrainian Cossacks with the tsarist authorities; analyze the peculiarities of the study by Polish scholars of the history of the relations of the Hetman’s Chancellery of B. Khmelnytsky with Moscow; consider the specifics of historians’ vision of the circumstances of concluding the agreement in Pereyaslav and Moscow as well as the course of negotiations between the parties and their implementation; study the researchers’ assessments of the significance of the Ukrainian-Moscow agreement in the history of Ukraine, Tsardom of Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The research methodology is based on the general scientific principles of objectivity, historicism, scientific pluralism and reliance on historical sources. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, problem-chronological, historical-systemic) methods have been used in the work. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of a wide range of historiographical sources that reflect the interpretations of Polish scholars of the first half of the twentieth century history of the conclusion of the Ukrainian-Moscow treaty of 1654. The peculiarities of the historians’ approaches to the causes of the union between the Cossacks and Moscow and the circumstances of its conclusion are particularly studied. The ideological influences of historical schools and political concepts on the assessments of scholars of the Pereyaslav agreement and bereznevi statti (March articles) have been analyzed. Conclusions. Polish historians of the first half of the twentieth century considered 1654 a milestone in the fate of Ukraine and one of the most important in the history of Poland. It was from the Cossack-Moscow treaty that they deduced the beginning of the rejection of the eastern lands of the Commonwealth in favor of Russia. Scholars saw the causes of these fateful events in the significant depletion of the Ukrainian uprising. As another reason, they also pointed to the complication of the international situation of the Cossacks due to frustration with the Turkish protection and the dual role of assistance to the Crimean Khanate. Polish scholars have drawn attention to the long history of Cossack-Moscow relations since the uprisings of the first half of the seventeenth century. However, they also pointed to Moscow’s unpreparedness for the war against the Commonwealth and its indecision. In their interpretations of Cossack-Moscow relations during the national liberation war Polish historians emphasized the parties’ differing views on the terms of the union. Thus, the scholars indicated that B. Khmelnytsky understood the agreement as a military understanding directed against Poland, where there was no talk of any restriction of Ukraine’s broad autonomy. Instead, the tsarist government understood the treaty as a simple incorporation of Ukrainian lands. This, in turn, as scientists have pointed out, it has caused many sharp misunderstandings. Among the most irritating researchers named the issue of financing the Cossack register and the disagreement of the Ukrainian clergy with the attempts of the Moscow Patriarchate to absorb its church structure. Thus, in the vision of Polish historians of the first half of the twentieth century, the Ukrainian-Moscow union was perceived as hopeless and even utterly dangerous for the very existence of the Ukrainian people.

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Michels, Georg B. « Reviews of Books:The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine Serhii Plokhy ». American Historical Review 108, n^o 5 (décembre 2003) : 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/530126.

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Kravchenko, O. L., et A. M. Galenko. « The concept «floodplain» in V. Rutkivsky's novel "Dzhuras of Cossack Shvaika" ». Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, n^o 7 (345) (2021) : 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-7(345)-32-39.

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The author's concept floodplain in V. Rutkivsky's novel „Dzhuras of Cossack Shvaika” is analyzed in the article. It is proved that this concept is manifested on the plot, composition, space-time, character and image levels. Leaving at its core a common meaning, the concept floodplain acquires uncharacteristic meanings. In the author's picture of the world, they appeal to both geographical space of Ukraine and its history, mean a new historical force that begins to form in the late fifteenth century and stands on the defense of Ukrainian lands, indicate a gradual change of cyclical thinking to linear, the emergence of a historical person with a new self-identification. V. Rutkivsky shows the psychological mechanisms of Ukrainians self-determination in the context of social and political relations, which determines the cognitive model of political behavior’s motivation. Characters are grouped on a locative basis: concept floodplain correlates with Cossacks, their antagonists are associated with the concept of the steppe. Loci with which the warring forces are associated, determine the different ways of fighting: Cossacks are in no hurry to go to the steppe, and Tatars bypass floodplain. The attitude to floodplain marks characters, plays a characterological role. Floodplain play a key role at compositional level, as shown by the titles of the chapters: „Court in the floodplains”, „Battle in the floodplains”. The culmination of the novel is transferred by the author to the now „own” territory for the Cossacks – in the floodplain, where they win. The concept floodplain used by the writer to create the figurative structure of the novel, including metaphors, place metonyms, antitheses, hyperbole, sarcasm, chiasm.

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Bortnowski, Antoni. « Украина начала XX века глазами Константина Паустов- ского ». Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, n^o 41 (20 juin 2018) : 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2016.41.1.

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The beginning of 20th century was a very complicated period in the history of the Ukrainian territories. Konstantin Paustovsky spent his youth in the southern part of the Russian Empire and could observe all the historical processes happening to his country. In his autobiography Story of a life Paustovsky presents a very interesting view of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century and during the Russian Civil War. The author of this article analyzes Paustovsky’s perception of Ukraine and tries to give an answer to the question of how a descendant of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Polish intellectuals could become a Russian patriot.

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Boiko, Igor. « The Constitution of Ukraine of 1710 and its place in the centuries-old history of nation-building ». Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.01.

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The article reveals the socio-political preconditions of the Constitution of Ukraine of 1710, analyzes its content and determinesits place in the centuries-old history of nation-building. It is noted that the Ukrainian Constitution of 1710 had an exceptional politicaland legal significance, as it was a regularity of the existence of the Ukrainian Cossack state and testified to the statehood of the Ukrai -nian nation. The Constitution of 1710 was a kind of social contract, the primary purpose of which is to ensure the rights and free deve -lopment of members of society. It enshrined the principle of separation of state power, established democratic and contractual principlesfor the formation of public authorities, the manner of their organization and interaction, determined their competence and functions.The Constitution of Ukraine of 1710 enshrined other important principles, including equality (Article 6 «equality of the Cossacks inpublic affairs»), the rule of law and the inviolability of natural human rights, which were the basis for preventing usurpation of power,violation of the integrity and sovereignty of the state. The competence of state authorities and officials was delimited and their constitutionalstatus was established. The Ukrainian Constitution of 1710 was focused on the establishment and development of the nationalidea, spiritual and moral values of peace, tolerance, goodness, and justice. During the period of the Ukrainian Cossack state, especiallyat the time of the adoption of its constitution in 1710, the formation of the national idea took place. The Constitution of Ukraine of 1710is important in the history of nation-building. Adopted during the Middle Ages, when predominantly absolutist monarchies ruled, itbecame the most advanced state act in European society at the time, defining Ukraine as a democratic Christian republic with an electedhetmanate. The Constitution of 1710 became the foundation for the further development of Ukrainian statehood. The first Ukrainianconstitution of 1710 was ahead of its time, it was adopted when the French and English educators had just begun to develop those cons -titutional ideas that were already laid down in it. As is typical of constitutions, it defined the state system, the order and principles offunctioning of representative, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and responsibilities of the state, societyand citizens. Given the above-analyzed basic provisions of the Constitution of 1710, it can rightly be considered the first written democraticconstitution in the world. Key words: constitution, state formation, republic, state, nation, Ukraine.

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Doiar, Larуsa. « Cossack roots of our independence : we think about the past for the future of the future ». Вісник Книжкової палати, n^o 8 (26 août 2021) : 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2021.8(301).40-45.

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The presented article raises the problem of Ukrainian statehood, which is always relevant and emphasized on the eve of the 30th anniversary, in the context of its initial — Cossack — segment. The article is devoted to the history of state formation, initiated and generated by the Zaporozhian (Sich) and Ukrainian urban (Hetmanate) Cossacks. The author's classification of the Cossack period of national history according to such features as chronology of liberation struggles, character of confrontation and struggle, attributive registration of statehood (in particular, institutionalization of branches of state power and their documentary fixation in legislative (constitutional) acts is noted in the work. The author captures the stages of Cossack statehood (Christian republic-protostate, monarchical hetman state, autonomous Hetmanate as part of tsarist Russia), arguing the obvious regression in its development. Avoiding the possible politicization of the scientific problem, the author deliberately chose retrocontent as the primary source for this study, namely, the works of the most authoritative, without exaggeration, legendary Ukrainian historians of the end of the XIX — first third of the last century, such as: M. Hrushevsky, M. Drahomanov, B. Grinchenko, G. Khotkevych, L. Tsehelsky, G. Kovalenko (Hetmanets), P. Klepatsky, V. Riznychenko and others. The latter cannot be suspected of "treacherous" sentiments, although they cite harsh critical maxims, presenting the past and its participants comprehensively and objectively, while not hiding their personal feelings. An interesting circumstance of their mutual view is the extremely negative attitude towards I. Mazepa, a figure glorified in modern Ukraine, who became the foundation of the education of Ukrainian society. The highlight of the study is the citation of the "Constitution of Kostya Gordienko", older than the legal document of P. Orlyk and quoted in the work of L. Tsegelsky "Russia-Ukraine and Moscow-Russia".

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Kryvda, Nataliia. « “Ukraine’s glory has not yet died, nor her freedom has” (to the question of the Ukrainian statehood “renaissance”) ». Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, n^o 3 (7 septembre 2021) : 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.03.079.

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The problem of the "revival" (renaissance) of the Ukrainian statehood has been the focus of attention for centuries. On the other hand, Ukrainian intellectual discourse has not been able formulate an integral and consolidated image of the past. A significant obstacle on this path was the state policy of memory of an ad hoc nature, which was built through a combination of Soviet and Ukrainian approaches to the interpretation of the past. The lack of a unifying historical narrative, the regionalization of history interpretations of Ukraine have fueled interpersonal and interregional hostility within Ukrainian society for decades. It has become a fertile ground for the humanitarian aggression of neighboring countries, aimed at desubjectivation of Ukraine through destruction of historical foundations of statehood in public consciousness of the Ukrainians themselves. The points of their spokesmen are reinforced by arguments of the conservative pro-Ukrainian historians, who, trying to consider the history of Ukrainian statehood in the context of general civilization development, have developed the thesis of “non-historical” Ukrainian nation due to interruption of national existence in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. This approach, as shown in the article, was important for raising attention of global community to the Ukrainian issue in the second half of the twentieth century, even though it did not reflect the real case. After all, even at the time of strengthening of assimilation policy on the part of neighboring states, Ukrainians did not have the interruption of national existence and continued to cultivate diverse ideas of "revival" and development of their own statehood. Such desire was especially evident in the seventeenth century due to active position of the Cossacks, who managed to wield influence on all segments of Ukrainian population, raising it to an armed struggle for their own freedom and statehood. The inability of the Cossacks to fully implement the tasks gave rise to notes of pessimism in the minds of Ukrainians, whose faith in the revival of their own statehood faded away, but never waned at all. Cherishing the former Cossack greatness, Ukrainians, contrary to the assimilationist policy of the ruling nations or stratums, have always found the strength to speak out reminding themselves and the world that “Ukraine`s glory has not died, nor her freedom”, and therefore they will defend their own statehood.

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Prysyazhnyuk, Yuriy. « PETRO SHELEST'S ACTIVITIES TO PRESERVE THE MEMORY OF THE COSSACKS ». Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, n^o 16 (24 décembre 2021) : 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2021.16.245744.

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The purpose of the article is to cover Petro Shelest's activities to preserve the memory of the Cossacks. I aimed to cover the political path of Petro Shelest. What he was guided by when he was first secretary. What cultural monuments he reconstructed and restored during his reign.The article clarifies the features of socio-political activity of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. The set of documents used in the work makes it possible to objectively assess the activities of Petro Shelest. The use of historical-systematic method of research made it possible to reproduce the main character of the hero.The article also identifies the main architectural complexes that were reconstructed during the reign of Petro Shelest. What historical sculptures have been completely restored. What Petro Shelest paid attention to when he was in power and what bothered him about the history of Ukraine. The activity of the Ukrainian party leadership, which was aimed at preserving the memory of the Cossacks is considered.

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Kazmyrchuk, Mariia. « ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS AND HISTORY OF ORTHODOX PILGRIMAGE IN UKRAINE ». Journal of Ukrainian History, n^o 39 (2019) : 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.10.

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Ukraine has very old Orthodox religious traditions, as well as a long and stormy history of Orthodox pilgrimage. Just like in Spain and Italy, where pilgrimage routes in Santiago de Compostela and Via Francigena are popular today, Ukraine should popularize its own pilgrimage history. Numerous ancient holy places and shrines of Russia, Cossacks period, the Ukrainian lands under the Russian Empire, the Soviet period are waiting for their pilgrims today. Despite the growing interest in religious travel, there is no analysis of Orthodox religious traditions and the history of Orthodox pilgrimage in Ukraine in historiography. Only certain issues of the problem are covered, mainly on the history of religion. Religious journeys has a long tradition. This is not a new phenomenon. Orthodox religious traditions in Ukraine are very old and are associated with the development of the main religion – Orthodoxy. The pilgrimage has been rapidly intensified and has received a legal framework since the days of Kievan Rus and until the present days. Many prominent pilgrims are known in the history of Ukraine. Among of them: the Kiev Grand Duchess Olga the Monk Anthony of Caves, Varlaam Pechersky, Saint Ephraim of the Caves, bishop of Pereyaslav, Vasyl Hryhorovych-Barskyi and others.Since ancient times, Ukrainians can be proud of their immemorial shrines, which attracted many pilgrims. Among them: the saints canonized in Kievan Rus’, the Kiev-Pechersky Monastery and many others. The tradition of Orthodox pilgrimage has become an integral part of the life of the Ukrainian people, despite the numerous obstacles that have arisen in the historical development of Ukraine. The full history of the Orthodox pilgrimage can not be analyzed in one article. There are many more questions that need to be discussed. It is necessary to pay attention to other religions and their traditions of pilgrimage in the history of Ukraine, as they developed in close cooperation with Orthodoxy in the territory of Ukraine.

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Jerelianskyi, P. (Velychko Yu P. ). « Equal among equals. Ukrainian women in historical and cultural context ». Aspects of Historical Musicology 17, n^o 17 (15 septembre 2019) : 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-17.02.

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The article is an attempt to define a very special role of women in society, inherent in only Ukrainian historical realities. In particular, a somewhat non-trivial approach to the formation of a source base for the study allowed referring to works of fiction. Most attention is paid to the issue of women entering society medium in the times of the Cossacks. Among the conclusions – contrary to national, gender and social oppression for several centuries – Ukrainian women have maintained their commitment to universal human and Christian ideals and virtues. The role and place that women take in the social structure is an extremely significant criterion for assessing the level of civilizing development of one or other society. It was the words “Equal among equals” that one could quite accurately define the positions of Ukrainian women in the glorious and tragic times of the national history – during the emergence and heyday of the Cossacks. It was a time when Ukrainian women, not only a gentry, but also a simple Cossack women, invariably felt not imaginary but sincere self-respect both in the family and in the society. However, not only in Cossack times, but throughout the turbulent history of our country, Ukrainian women did not just “walk alongside of” their men, they often stepped forward, and their actions were decisive for the further course of events for many years to come. Unfortunately, there are reasons to consider the current (as of 2019) stage of research in the format of scientific inquiry, which directly relates to Ukrainian women in the historical and cultural context, only as an initial one. With this in mind, the aim of the proposed work is to begin filling in quite substantial gaps in the civilizing history of Ukraine. It was they, Ukrainian women – even from renowned Princess Olha – who became the worthy examples to follow for their compatriots. There are countless names of women, by whom Ukraine is proud of and who are respected all over the world – from the poetess Lesia Ukrainka, folk paintress Yekateryna Bilokour, opera vocalist Solomiia Krushelnytska up to bright personalities already from the contemporary generation of Ukrainian women. They did never and under no circumstances bow to a slavish worldview. In this regard the observation of a well-known European writer, made by him as far back as in the last century, is very accurate: “The Ukrainian woman is the Spanish woman of the East ... At every opportunity, her irrepressible Cossack nature flares up in her soul that does not know any repressor ...”. And further: “They are always ready to change ploughshares for spears, they live in small republican communities, as equals among equals ...”. We discover all this for ourselves in the “Female Images from Galicia” by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Paul of Aleppo, known also as Paul Zaim, an Arab traveller, who visited Ukraine twice in the middle of the XVII century, testified: “... Throughout the Cossack land we saw a strange thing – they all are, with few exceptions, literate; even most of their women and daughters can read and know the procedure of church service ... Ukrainian women are well dressed, busy with their own affairs, and no one casts sassy glances at them.” Numerous documents have survived, indicating that the wives of the Cossack Starshyna not only knew writing and reading well but were also able, when the need arose, to help their husbands in solving the most important political problems. The material, which is no less important in its cognitive weight from documentary evidence, also provides imaginative literature, where the realities of bygone times are reflected through the author’s creative imagination. These are the dramatic poem “Boyaryna” by Lesia Ukrainka, and “Hanna Montovt”, the story written by a famous Ukrainian historian and writer Orest Levytskyi, as well as “Aeneid”, a burlesque and tranny poem written by Ivan Kotliarevskyi; the latter literary work can be considered as a kind of encyclopaedia of Olde Ukrainian life. In “Boyarina”, the comparison of the “civil society” (using the modern definition) of the Ukrainian Cossack State with the conditions prevailing in neighbouring Muscovy is especially striking. A young girl of Ukrainian noble descent, who left her motherland for the sake to be with her beloved man, met in a foreign land very different ideas about human truths, class-specific and inherent female virtues, which are significantly different from those truly Christian and deeply democratic principles of life that she was used to since childhood in her native Ukraine. And, becoming a Boyarina, although she obeyed fate, however, she was no longer able to get used to her new life. The fate of poor Princess Hannа from the story by Orest Levytskyi was formed in a different manner. However, not at all because of the imperfection of the then social system, but solely because of her own frivolity and inability to execise her (tremendous) rights. But in “Aeneid” by Ivan Kotliarevskyi, where antique plots were whimsically intertwined with the signs of Cossack life, the remark: “Like a lady of certain sotnyk ...” became virtually the highest mark for one of the goddesses. As the expression goes, it speaks for itself, and the irony about the mention of the sotnyk will be completely inappropriate, given the trace that Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, the former Chygyryn sotnyk and subsequently a Hetman of Ukraine, left in the history of Ukrainian nationality! In the times of Cossacks, men have the opportunity to spend more or less long time with their families too rarely. But they went to a military campaign with peace of mind because from this moment their faithful wives took active roles in all matters – and not only household, but the domesticities too. And, say, not the eldest of their sons, but she herself took part, when necessary, in resolving property or other disputes, defended the interests of their families before the society, and even in court. Moreover, their wives could often ride horses with arms in hands to defend their native homes. Unfortunately, then-Muscovy have introduced serfdom in its most despotic form on intaken Ukrainian lands, combined with her absolutist system of government and public relations which immediately changed the state of Ukrainian women for the worst. And this applied not only to the impoverished and enslaved people, but also to the wealthy and influential sections of the then population. And subsequently Taras Shevchenko became the most sincere voice of a deeply tragic female fate ... Conclusions. Even when then Ukrainians were slowly forgetting about the previous rights and privileges of their women, undeniable documentary and literary evidence remained the mention of them, which in one way or another were connected with the times of Cossacks. So, Ukrainian women of those, already far from us times was not only faithful wives, caring mothers and teachers for their children, real Bereginias of the families, but also a self-sufficient persons, conscious in their place in the society.

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Zhurba, Oleh. « The history of Katerynoslav in historiography of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ». Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 2, n^o 2 (12 octobre 2020) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26190216.

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The aim of the article was to present the genesis and dynamics of the study of the history of Yekaterinoslav in the writings of local historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using the methods of historiographic analysis and synthesis made it possible to identify the state of development of the issue in the historical literature and realize the goal. The main result was the creation of a periodization of regional historiographical exploration of the problem. It is proposed to divide this process into three stages. The criteria for their selection were organizational, personnel, style and problem-thematic parameters. Based on the texts of Archbishop Gabriel (Rozanov), Bishop Feodosii (Makarevskyi), The Chronicle of the Yekaterinoslav Scientific Archival Commission, D. I. Yavornitskyi the process of formation and change of research problems of urbanization processes in the region, types and information potential of their sources are analyzed Noah base. The value of the scientific development of the historiographic tradition for the formation of modern conceptual approaches to the study of the history of urbanization processes in southern Ukraine as a whole is determined. Scientific novelty is also determined by the fact that historiographic and sociological positions criticized such a historiographic phenomenon as the Cossack urbanism. The creators and supporters of the concept of the Cossack urban development have been trying to imagine the Cossacks as the creator of the urban environment since the 16th century, they ignore or significantly level the importance and role of imperial power in the generation of modern urban space. It is noted that it is the historians of the ХIX and early ХХ centuries. laid the foundation for the study of the history of Cossack settlements, the formation of a source base for such studies. They established a genetic link between Cossack settlements and the formation of Yekaterinoslav, they have documented the decisive role of imperial power in establishing a properly organized, modern city on the site of the traditional Cossack and peasant settlements. The conclusions emphasized that in the late ХIX and early ХХ centuries an ideal consensus was formed regarding the main parameters of the regional historical memory between its key actors (power, public opinion, professional historical environment and everyday historical representations of ordinary people). It was based on the results obtained by historians, popularized at the power, amateur and journalistic levels, rooted in public memorial practices of knowledge or perception of the foundation of Yekaterinoslav in 1787 as a result of the Cossack settlement of the region and imperial initiatives and organizational efforts to create a network of urban settlements. The type of article: analytical.

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Kononenko, Viktor M., et Olesya V. Pritulina. « ON SOME HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA, THE UKRAINE AND POLAND ». Historical Search 1, n^o 4 (25 décembre 2020) : 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-37-44.

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The article substantiates the conditions of Russia’s revival as a world power. The necessity of conducting social and humanitarian research and allocating budget funds for these purposes is reinforced. Considerable attention is paid to the problems in Russian-Ukrainian relations, related primarily to unification of Russia and the Ukraine during the Pereyaslavl Rada of 1654, which were not focused on in Soviet history and which has been given excessive attention in the recent history of the Ukraine, which ultimately contributed to worsening of relations between the two former fraternal republics. The article indicated the reasons why the Ukrainian landowners, despite severe oppression for national and religious reasons on the part of the Polish szlachta, did not very much seek to separate from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and constantly betrayed Russia in its war with the Polish-Lithuanian state, including that for the Ukraine itself. Some forms of executions that the Poles applied to the rebelled Cossacks and peasants of the Ukraine are indicated, as well as some liberties of the Polish szlachta, which were so attractive to the Ukrainian landowners. The article shows the assessment of the Kobzar T.G. Shevchenko, which was given by him to the leader of the national liberation war of the Ukrainian people Bogdan Khmelnytsky, as well as his assessment of the decisions of the Pereyaslavl Rada.

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Voronchuk, Iryna. « OLEKSANDR LAZAREVSKYI AND THE DISCUSSION ON THE FACTORS OF SERFDOM IN THE LEFT-BANK UKRAINE ». Вісник Львівського університету. Серія історична / Visnyk of the Lviv University. Historical Series, n^o 54 (3 novembre 2022) : 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/his.2022.54.11614.

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The article analyzes the discussion that unfolded among professional historians of the Hetmanate after the work of Oleksandr Matviiovych Lazarevskyi “Ordinary Peasants of Little Russia” was published in 1866. Lazarevskyi was one of the first researchers to study the history of the Left-bank Ukraine, which at that time remained virtually unexplored. When in 1861 the peasant reform was announced by the tsarist government, the researcher became interested in the issues of the Left-bank Ukrainian peasantry, especially given the fact that due to his official position he had access to archival documents of those institutions that dealt with peasant affairs. Looking into the matter of attaching Left-bank peasants to the land, Lazarevskyi concluded that serfdom was not imposed by the Russian government but became the work of Ukrainian Cossack officers (starshyna), who concentrated administrative and judicial power in their hands. This conclusion, however, did not gain general acceptance. The divergence of views was mainly about the origins and the process of the introduction of serfdom in the Left-bank Ukraine. A scientific discussion began among the historians of Ukraine such as Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Dmytro Bahalii, Venedykt Miakotyn, Ivan Luchytskyi, Victor Barvinskyi, Ivan Telichenko, Oleksandr Shlikevych and others. In particular, Hrushevskyi pointed out that precisely this conclusion of Lazarevskyi had to be corrected. In support of Hrushevsky’s view, this article lists a number of laws of the Russian Empire of the 18th century which aimed at making Russian peasants serfs. It is shown that very fast that order of things was transferred to the Left-bank Ukraine, which lands were given out to Russian officials on a large scale resulting in Great Russia's latifundial landownership. In addition to the lands received for the service, Russian officials independently appropriated territories adjacent to them, thus significantly enlarging their estates. They were the ones who led the establishment of their customary order of life in Ukrainian lands, turning into serfs not only peasants but also ordinary Cossacks, which also aligned with the interests of the Cossack starshyna. The final point in the enserfment of peasantry, in particular the Ukrainian one, was put by the law of May 3, 1783 which forbade peasants to leave entirely. Hence, when considering the reasons for the enslavement of the Left-bank peasantry, one should take into account the impact of the Russian social practices and the efforts of the tsarist government to turn Ukraine into a colonial province.

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Stepankov, Valeriy, et Vitaliy Stepankov. « The role of the Khotyn campaign of 1621 in the transformation of a Cossack officer into the Ukrainian political protoelite (1621–1638) ». Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 34 (29 décembre 2021) : 150–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-34.150-180.

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The purpose of the study is to clarify, based on the study of identifi ed sources and literature, the role of the Khotyn campaign of the Zaporozhian Army in the transformation of Cossack offi cers into the Ukrainian political protoelite during 1621–1638. The methodological foundations of the study are the ideas of V. Lypynsky, G. Mosca, V. Pareto, G. Sartori, and other elitologists; theoretical positions of neo-positivism, the school of “Annals” and “New Political History”; the principles of historicism, objectivity, and system, as well as the following methods: narrative, problem-chronological, historical-genetic, reconstructive, periodization, structural, diachronic and terminological analysis. The scientifi c novelty is to try for the first time in historiography to clarify the signifi cance of the Zaporozhian Army’s participation in the Khotyn campaign as one of the most important factors in the evolution of Cossack offi cers into the Ukrainian political proto-elite and to structure this process. Conclusions. The Khotyn campaign served as a powerful impetus not only for the establishment of the existing embryos of the process of transforming the Cossack sergeants into a political protoelite, but also, not least, gave them the irreversibility and unprecedented dynamics of development. We distinguish three periods in it. Thus, in the fi rst period (1621 – November 1625), the offi cers began to realize themselves as legitimate spokesmen and defenders of the interests of the entire Zaporozhian Army, including unregistered Cossacks. And thus, it demanded a signifi cant increase in the register from Warsaw, the right of the Cossacks to live not only in royal possessions but in noble and ecclesiastical ones as well; formed its own bodies of administrative and judicial power, “creating a separate Commonwealth,” which sought to extend to the entire Kyiv province. At the same time, the elder strongly insisted on the legalization of the revived hierarchy of the Orthodox Church by the Sejm and the king, the cessation of religious oppression of the “Rus’ people “ and in early 1622 outlined the idea of its equality with Polish and Lithuanian. The territorial and administrative reform of the Zaporozhian Army, carried out in late 1625 – early 1626 by Hetman M. Doroshenko, began the second period (November 1625 – June 1630), which was characterized by the establishment in the Cossack region of the regimental-hundred system – the foundations of the future administrative-territorial system of the Ukrainian state in the mid-XVII – 80’s of the XVIII century. There is a legitimization of the power of the sergeant in the person of the leaders of regiments, hundreds, and huts as administrative-territorial structures. It continues to work resolutely to legitimize the functioning of the Orthodox Church and to liquidate the union. At the same time, radical, moderate, and bargaining groups of sergeants were being formed, which had a negative eff ect on its acquisition of the qualities of a political protoelite. For the fi rst time, its radical group, led by Taras Fedorovych, began an uprising in March 1630 and called on the commonwealths of Ukraine and “Rus’” to rise to the struggle for the faith “against the Lyakhs,” thus combining its religious orientation with national liberation. The third period (the second half of 1630 – December 1638) was characterized by a signifi cant acceleration of the process of transformation of radical and moderate groups into a political proto-elite, and the agreement – the leader of Polish politics in Ukraine. Th erefore, qualitative changes took place in the development of their political consciousness and activities. Thus, in 1632, not yet fully formed, for the fi rst time through the embassy of the Zaporozhian Army in the Sejm it violated the petition for equalization of the Cossacks in rights with the nobility, the so-called recognition of its “political people” of Ukraine and eventually legitimized the Orthodox Church. From this year it waged a decisive struggle (fi rst the political, and in 1637-1638 – the armed) for the preservation of the rights and freedoms of the Ukrainian (the Rus’) people. For the fi rst time, it took over the function of defender of the social interests of the Commonwealth and in dotted lines, in a vague form, during the uprising of 1637-1638 outlined the idea of liberating Rus’ from Polish rule (“lyakhiv”). In turn, the agreement group of officers took part in the suppression of the uprising.

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Voronova, Maria. « SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY OF O. PRITSAK IN UKRAINE AFTER 1991 ». Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (17 décembre 2020) : 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-134-141.

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The article is devoted to the scientific and organizational activities of O. Prytsak in Ukraine after 1991. It was during this period against the background of favorable political circumstances that the scientist was able to come to Ukraine and begin his active work on the development of historical science in our country. The key directions to which the scientist’s activity was directed are considered. First of all, much attention is paid to the establishment of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as the revival of the journal “Eastern World”. In addition to the development of Oriental studies, O. Prytsak dealt with other issues concerning the development of historical science in Ukraine. He proposed to create the Department of Historiosophy at Kyiv State University named after Taras Shevchenko. At the historical faculty of this university O. Prytsak gave lectures on philosophy and methodology of history. During the study period, the scientist had repeatedly acted as a dissertation supervisor and was an official opponent in the defense of dissertations. In the personal archive of the scientist one may find reviews and responses to works on the history of Ukraine of the Middle Ages, the age of the Cossacks, the history of nomadic peoples of Asia, oriental linguistics, general linguistics, as well as political and cultural history. The article highlights O. Prytsak’s participation in the scientific events, in which he made reports that were the results of his research in the field of the Ukrainian history and oriental studies. As a result of the study, it was concluded that O. Prytsak made a great contribution to the revival of Oriental Studies in Ukraine, was active in establishing the Department of Historiosophy at Kyiv State University named after Taras Shevchenko, brought up a whole galaxy of students who are currently well-known and authoritative researchers both in Ukraine and abroad. The scientific activity of the scientist has received recognition all over the world, as evidenced by his numerous international awards and distinctions.

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Novak, Bohdan. « VASYL IVANYS AND HIS VIEWS ON THE PAST AND FUTURE OF THE CAUCASUS ». Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, n^o 30 (30 novembre 2020) : 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-30-78-83.

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Vasyl Ivanys (1888-1974) is an extraordinary personality of the Ukrainian political and cultural world of the XX century. He was a politician and public figure, engineer, economist, publicist and historian. Exept this, the person of Vasyl Ivanys is interesting because he, as a native of the North Caucasus, directly knew this part of the world, its history, the course of the revolutionary events of 1917-1921, and, unlike other famous figures of Kuban or Ukraine at that time, left a complex idea of the region in the published work «On the problem of the Caucasus». The ideas and views expressed in this publication are the subject of this paper. In addition to «On the problem of the Caucasus», the source base includes the first two volumes of Vasyl Ivanys memoirs of «Paths of Life», publications «Another tragedy of the Cossacks» and «The Kuban struggle for independence». The article pays a lot of attention to the identity of Vasyl Ivanys, which was due to its origin. First of all, he was a Cossack, a native of the North Caucasus, but at the same time he felt his belonging to the Ukrainian cultural space. His publication «On the Problem of the Caucasus» focuses mainly on the ancient history of the region, Russia’s conquest of the Caucasus, the resettlement of the Cossacks in the Kuban, the revolution of 1917-1918 in the North Caucasus and the future of this part of the world. The author of the article concludes that Ivanys views on the history and future of the Caucasus region, expressed in the «On the problem of the Caucasus», due to the origin and its political orientation. The Kuban occupies a central place in the publication, but Vasyl Ivanys covers its history in the general historical context and emphasizes its belonging to the North Caucasus. Although «On the Problem of the Caucasus» is based on extensive bibliographic material, but has a journalistic character. At the same time, Ivanys publication remains one of the few generalizations in Ukrainian historiography that covers the history of the Caucasus from ancient times to the second half of the XX century, gives an idea of the economic and cultural potential of the region and reflects the geopolitical ideas prevailing in Ukrainian politics emigration.

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Rybak, A. « Exhibition and fair art of Nizhyn in the context of ethnographic local lore of the Left Bank of Ukraine ». Literature and Culture of Polissya 105, n^o 15i (2 décembre 2021) : 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31654/2520-6966-2021-15i-105-126-133.

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The article examines the history and present of the exhibition and fair art of Nizhyn. The relevance of research of the fair movement as the need to restore historically old and new fair projects in the context of cultural and artistic creativity of the inhabitants of large cities, small towns and villages of the regions of Ukraine is argued. The emphasis is placed on exhibition and fair activities for domestic organizations and companies as one of the forms of presentation of their own creations for buyers and making interest of investors. It has been approved that holding exhibition and fair events is one of the effective types of advertising of own products in the world, an objective factor in the development of trade and economic relations, creative exchange, enrichment of cultural and artistic experience of communities in the economy, intercultural communications. In the context of ethnographic local lore of the Left Bank of Ukraine, the chronological, socio-cultural relationship of the traditions with the present in the Pokrovsky Fair of Nizhyn is characterized with its geographical convenience in the development of trade and economic relations of Chernihiv region. The nation-building and cultural-educative functions of the Cossack hundreds of the Nizhyn Regiment – participants of the Pokrovsky Fair were singled out: the time of the holiday of the Protection of the Holy Virgin, patroness of Ukrainian Cossacks, the numerous locations of the exhibition-fair products of the industrialists of Nizhyn, guests from different corners of Ukraine, festive and solemn events, competitions.The activity of the Kopytsia Charitable Foundation has been analyzed in the context of the research and support of young talents, participants of the Nizhyn Pokrovsky Fair. The concerts of amateur performances with the participation of children, youth, adult musical-instrumental, vocal, choral folklore groups, collectives, soloists of the city are presented in today’s fair events.

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Motsnyi, F. V. « Nobel Prize Level Scientific Discoveries of a Heir of Zaporizhian Cossacks ». Statistics of Ukraine 88, n^o 1 (8 mai 2020) : 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.15.

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In this work, three fundamental discoveries of the Ukraine-born Prof. George A. Gamow are presented from a single scientific and methodological point of view. Each of them is truly worth of the Nobel Prize – the most prestigious recognition of achievements of a scientist. We trace the emergence of G. Gamow as one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century – encyclopaedist, theoretical physicist by heart, astrophysicist and biophysicist, talented and brilliant popularizer of science, whose works are readable in one go, as well as the author of unforgettable pranks and jokes. Gamow was a Fellow of the Danish Royal Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Astronomical Union, the American Physical Society, an honorary doctor of countless universities. Although his name is little known in Ukraine, the history of science would be incomplete without him. From an early age G. Gamow has shown a great interest in scientific research, using a microscope to look for erythrocytes and a telescope to observe the Halley comet. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad State University, where he followed classes of Professor O. Friedman, founder of the evolutionary cosmology. He has undergone training at the University of Goettingen, the center of theoretical physics at the time, worked for Nobel Prize winners Professors E. Rutherford and N. Bohr. At the age of 28, G. Gamow, by the recommendation of academician V. Vernadskyi, became the member of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, the youngest member in the entire history of its existence. Throughout his life, G. Gamow was interested in the fundamental scientific problems and made numerous world-class discoveries that are written by golden letters in the treasury of the human civilization. He has found explanation to the E. Rutherford’s experiments with alpha particles (tunnelling effect); introduced the empirical formula of Geiger – Nettoll, connecting the energy of alpha particles to the half-life of radioactive nuclei. G. Gamow is one of the pioneers of the liquid-drop model of a nucleus, and the application of nuclear physics to the evolution of stars. He proposed a fantastic hypothesis about the early universe, suggesting it being not only super dense but also very hot. He also built the Big Bang theory, which led to the existence of relic radiation (space microwave background) with the characteristic temperature of 5–7 degrees above the absolute zero, detected by methods of radio astronomy. He proposed a triplet model of the genetic code - the alphabet of life with three-letter words, experimentally proven by X-ray structural studies of DNA and empirically established rules of E. Chargaff. These discoveries have greatly contributed not only to the development of the modern science, but to the industrial and economic expansion of humanity.

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Serebryanska, Irina. « Історія українського народу та його національна ідентичність у мовознавчих міркуваннях (до 85-річчя доктора філологічних наук, професора А. М. Поповського) ». Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia, n^o 9 (17 décembre 2021) : 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2299-7237suv.9.15.

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The article deals with the figure of famous Ukrainian linguist, doctor of philology, professor, poet, Honored Worker of Education of Ukraine, Anatoliy Popovsky and his scientific achievements, in particular the monograph “A little bit about Ukrainian surnames” (2020) is devoted to the problem of the origin and creation of Ukrainian surnames, their functioning in business, works of art and journalism. It is an encyclopedia about the ancestral memory and destiny of Ukraine, national identity and self-respect. It provides a detailed analysis of the semantics of Ukrainian surnames with interesting lexical components, highlights the issue of their deformation in the Russian Empire and in Soviet times, resulting in the substitution of cultural values and ideology. A. Popovsky’s scientific work is a “life hack” on the revival of “Cossacks’ power and beauty”. The monograph is a history of the Ukrainian people in surnames, starting from family traditions and ending with positive and negative phenomena at the state level. The issue of studying surnames, as well as nominations of villages, settlements, cities, and districts to reproduce the geography and history of the Ukrainian anthroponymy in synchrony and diachrony needs to be comprehensively proceeded and popularized in the educational process and contemporary mass media as important sources of the formation of public opinion.

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Vinnychenko, Oleksiy, Leonid Zashkilnyak et Andrii Zaiats. « THE WAY OF HISTORIAN (TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF MYKOLA KRYKUN) ». Вісник Львівського університету. Серія історична / Visnyk of the Lviv University. Historical Series, n^o 54 (3 novembre 2022) : 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/his.2022.54.11617.

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The article examines and analyzes the life and work of the famous Ukrainian historian, longtime professor of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Mykola Hryhorovych Krykun, whose life came during the difficult times of the Soviet totalitarian regime, wars and the formation of independent Ukrainian statehood. For 60 years he tried to discover and study little-known documents on the history of Ukrainian lands of the early modern period (XVI–XVIII centuries), to restore the scientific, cleansed of hostile falsifications image of Ukrainian society, to enrich scientific and historical knowledge of Ukrainians. Numerous publications of documents, monographs, textbooks, articles and essays published by him in Ukraine and other countries, became a significant contribution to the scientific picture of the past of Ukraine and its people, raising to a new scientific and theoretical level of modern Ukrainian historiography, restoration of the historical memory of modern Ukrainians. The achievements of the scientist in the field of population study, historical geography, source studies, the history of the Cossacks of the Ukrainian lands and the entire Central and Eastern region of Europe are firmly entrenched in modern historiography. Numerous historians, trained with his participation in the university for many years, work and carry knowledge in many parts of modern Ukraine. Mykola Krykun does not stop the creative work of the researcher of the past in the current conditions of the struggle for the strengthening of independent Ukraine.

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Ivaniuk, Oleg. « Museumification of the military historical heritage in the Dnieper Ukraine and the Crimea in the 19th and early 20th centuries ». Kyiv Historical Studies, n^o 2 (2018) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2018.2.8188.

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The article focuses on the beginning of the process of formation of museum collections relevant to the military past of the Dnieper Ukraine in the 19th — first decade of the 20th century. It is determined, in the research scope, that the process of creating museum exhibits, which consisted of monuments of military historical heritage, was influenced by the following: the development of archaeological research, which was stimulated by the domination of classicism, which induced interest in the ancient past, the imperial power ideologizing the historical process, the Ukrainian nobility (descendants of the Cossacks elders) preserving historical memory of the victorious past of their people, and so on. It is found, that during the 19th century, museumification of the 19th and early 20th centuries military heritage had several trends: the creation of “propaganda” exposition, which would remind of the key, from the tsarist regime point of view, imperial army victories, foster respect for the imperial family and the royal power institution self, commemorate imperial myths, the formation of the Cossacks antiquities collections, initiated by Ukrainian intellectuals and scholars; expositions formed by the military according to purely professional interest. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of museums, which had monuments of military history as a part of their collections, were founded. Some of the aforementioned museums are the following: the Museum of Ukrainian Antiquities in Chernihiv, the Museum of Heroic Defense and the Liberation of the City of Sevastopol, the Museum of Poltava Battle, etc. Museumification of the military heritage has stimulated the development of various areas of special military-historical research.

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Sаvснеnko, Larуsa, et Oleg Potapenko. « THE NATIONAL IDEA OF THE C0SSACK ERA AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN ». Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, n^o 190 (novembre 2020) : 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-190-48-52.

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National Idea of the Cossack Dobi as a factor in the development and development of Ukrainian education. The article has addressed the problem of filling the national idea of becoming and developing the Ukrainian language to Cossack education, characterized by political and political factors, as well as the fact that they have not been able to zoom in and out. The authors paid special respect to the analysis of historical achievements of the era and the uninterrupted sound of widespread blessings. Realization of national and international ideas in the area of national formations, political culture, system of life. National identity, political culture and practice are recognized by their own field of national and ideological suspension. The middle of the Ukrainian zozsta kozatstva will drink for the blessing of life and the goats themselves are beautifully rooted, but they’ve been blessed with ludina, and they’ve been able to meet their own ideals. Kozatska’s system of whirlwind and sanctification has transferred the interpretation and systematic development of physical and psycho-spiritual health. The Ukrainian national idea, as a political project of May, but in order to consume the rest of the country through the history, culture, traditions, the national budget has been divided into the most effective Polish, Catholic, national and international. The Ukrainian national idea, as a political project of the future that reflects the common needs of the nation through its history, culture, traditions, in the Cossack era was developed to effectively counter Polish Catholic and Moscow aggression, reflecting the onslaught of these destructive forces on the identity and freedom of the Ukrainian people. Ukrainian Orthodox education of the Cossack times absorbed the best examples of the Cossack mentality, the way of life of the Cossacks, their desire for freedom. The high level of literacy in the Hetmanate and in the Liberty lands of the Zaporozhian Lowland Army in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries testified to the desire of Ukrainians to obtain an education in which they saw a guarantee of prosperity and a virtuous life. We see our further work in the studied problems as the national spiritual revival of Ukraine.

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Mykytyuk, Oksana. « TARAS SHEVCHENKO’S IDEOLOGIC MAXIMS OF IN THE PERCEPTION OF DMYTRO DONTSOV ». Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n^o 13(81) (26 mai 2022) : 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-297-301.

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The study analyzes D. Dontsov's deep interest in Ukrainian history, in particular Cossacks’ and the Hetmans’ times, and his search for ideas that are basic for the life of the state. One of the defining aspects of argumentation in Dontsov's texts are the individualі in whose views he found worldview kinship or saw complete incompatibility. The basis for the creation of D. Dontsov’s ideological guidelines is Taras Shevchenko personage. It is proved that the linguistic and political worldview of Dontsov's linguoperson is an ideological continuation of T. Shevchenko's thoughts. The article offers the following interpretation of the term “maxim”: an individual speech symbol, used mostly with a positive connotation, which the author presents as an ideological dominant. For example, the maxim ‘truth’ is important for building an independent state, the maxim ‘faith’ is a source of spirituality, the maxim ‘strength’ is revealed as an expression of the Cossack heroic past. It is important that T. Shevchenko and D. Dontsov advocate the worldview of struggle, and the maxim of ‘love’ is inextricably linked with Ukraine. It has been shown that both thinkers form a national spirit and inspire faith in God's providence. It is established that the figure of Shevchenko is the core for the formation of the D. Dontsov’s individual-authorial worldview. The urgency of Taras Shevchenko's ideological maxims through the prism of Dontsov's linguoperson makes it possible to learn from our history. On the basis of D. Dontsov's vivid journalism is reproduced the socio-political and cultural-historical background of the epoch, and the nation-building ideas on which the he relied in his culturological and national-philosophical works are shown.

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Belova, Ye D. « The image of Ukraine in the symphonic frescoes «Taras Bulba» by Sergey Turneev ». Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 57, n^o 57 (10 mars 2020) : 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-57.02.

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Introduction. The choice of the researchtheme and material was determined by the fact that the author of the article played the percussion part in the performance of the symphonic frescos «Taras Bulba» by S. P. Turnieiev in 2016. A true creator seeks to unite in his work the subconscious, intuitive and conscious rational. Thence there is a need to conceptualize the performance of the piece in unity with the composer’s concept and present thought process in the form of scientific reflection. Theoretical Background. The theoretical basis of the research was the works representing three directions in the study of picturesque in musical art: 1) the picturesque principle of composition in an epic symphony: works by I. Alieksieieva, V. Valkova, N. Vynokurova; 2) genre of symphonic picturesque: research by O. Yendutkina (Shyriaieva); 3) history and typology of picturesque and pictorial images of music: Ph.D. thesis by N. Rybak. The purpose of the research is to identify the image features of Ukraine in the symphonic frescos «Taras Bulba» by S. P. Turnieiev in accordance with the specific embodiment of civic lyrics in the work. Methods. The epic drama «Taras Bulba» by L. Toma (after M. Hohol), for the performance of which S. P. Turnieiev wrote music and afterwards created symphonic frescos, is a dialogue in the ‘Great Time’ (Bakhtin’s concept). The proposed symphonic work reflects the national world picture. Therefore, the author of the article refers to the scientific model of I. Romaniuk, adapting it to the character of the musical piece. The latter represents the principle of the Synthesis of the Arts at the newest stage of cultural development. Results. The principle of picturesque in S. Turnieiev’s Symphonic Frescos joins reception of picturesque as a phenomenon and as a concept and manifests itself in different semantic connotations; 1) picturesque as an artifact of fine art (through the fresco of the Virgin, the visual series of the peice); 2) picturesque as an attribute of the performance (through the connection with the music for the drama performance); 3) the picturesque principle as a factor of establishing links between the visual and other types of art (through the poetic word and visual series expressed in music); 4) the picturesque principle of thinking and composition implemented in the epic symphony (interaction of “narration” and show) is implicitly present in the symphonic frescos; 5) the picture of the world in accordance with the definition of I. Romaniuk, who defines this concept in the chosen discourse. S. Turnieiev’s work is interpreted in the cultural context of the «Great Time». The development of culture is possible due to the continuity, which I. Romaniuk considers as a «criterion of the Ukrainian world picture». The formation of continuity in the perception of the national world picture by different generations of the Ukrainians (I. Romaniuk ‘s concept) is carried out through dialogue in the «Great Time» owing to the «Great Memory» of the people of Ukraine (Bakhtin’s concept). The image of Ukraine unites the perception of the homeland from two points of view: emotional and sensual, on the one hand, and social – as an awareness of the existential realities of the Ukrainians with their value assessments of everyday life and the inner entity of a person, on the other hand. Timpani (tulumbas) used to be an irreplaceable attribute of the Cossack’s troops. S. P. Turnieiev’s statement that the hero of the work is the Cossacks with Taras Bulba as one of them implies the personification of the protagonist by the timbre of the timpani. On the other hand, at a more generalized level of personalization, the role of the timpani can be defined as a symbolic embodiment of the whole Cossacks, rather than an individual representative. Conclusions. Thus, the picturesque in the analyzed work is manifested through the innovative embodiment of the concept of artistic synthesis and reproduction of the mental picture of the world. The latter is determined by the continuity of the Ukrainian cultural paradigm, its values and spiritual landmarks and at the same time it resonates with the civil lyrics of L. van Beethoven. The principle of show, illustration of the poetic word by music, is combined in S. Turnieiev’s work with a symphonic generalization, due to which the piece is perceived as akin to Beethoven’s concepts. The connection with the music for drama performance, which was the basis for the creation of the symphonic frescos, is maintained through thinking in pictures which make up the stage process. The work presents the sound images of percussion instruments extensively. In particular, the timpani play a meaningful conceptual role as expression of personification – the Cossacks as a community, on the one hand, and Taras Bulba as a victorious warrior, the protagonist of symphonic frescos, on the other hand. As a research prospect, the author of the article offers further investigation of the sound images of percussion instruments (in expressive and conceptual terms) in the works of modern Ukrainian composers.

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Gawron, Przemysław. « Organizational transformations of the Crown Army during the war of the Vistula mouth, 1626–1629 ». Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, n^o 2 (30) (2021) : 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.203.

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The article explores the organizational transformations of the Crown army during the war with Sweden in the years 1626–1629. On the basis of fiscal sources, correspondence, and war accounts, the author established that the number of Sigismund III’s troops increased. In 1629 they were more numerous in Prussia than the combined armies in Prussia and in Ukraine three years earlier. Positional warfare with the Swedes, who had a considerable number of well-trained infantry and perfect artillery, required a change in the structure of the army, over half of which during hostilities consisted of dragoons and infantry formations, especially those of the foreign contingent. Over the course of the war, free companies (freikompanie), which made up a core of the infantry at the beginning of the war, were mostly replaced by large regiments of over three thousand pay rates. Also, successful attempts were made to create infantry units trained and armed in the German manner, commanded by foreigners, but recruited among Sigismund III’s subjects, and the ranks of Polish-Hungarian infantry were reinforced. In the ranks of cavalry, reiters were of more importance than in Ukraine. They grew into a third force in the Polish cavalry, after Polish hussars and Cossacks. Considerably smaller changes occurred for artillery, which despite significant expenses was still inferior to that of the Swedish artillery. Sigismund III’s troops also struggled with the deficiency of experienced engineers and cartographers. Although after the Altmark armistice the king had to reduce the army, from which the infantry disappeared almost entirely, dragoons were preserved in Ukraine thanks to Crown Field Hetman Koniecpolski. From that time on, they would constitute an indispensable part of the wojsko kwarciane (quarter army). The significance of the Prussian war for the development of the Crown military is best illustrated by the fact that in 1633, in the course of preparations for the war with Muscovy for Smolensk, Władysław IV and his advisers organized the army largely in the manner of the years 1626–1629.

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Vasetsky, Viacheslav. « Ukrainian National Revolution as a factor in the development of the law of Ukraine-Rus in the XVII century ». Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, n^o 33 (septembre 2022) : 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/1563-3349-2022-33-198-204.

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The paper examines the impact of signifi cant historical events associated with the Ukrainian National Revolution of the 17th century to changes in the legal sphere, which were the origins of legal norms that have a long-term eff ect. In Ukraine, the jump in interest in the history of socio-cultural and state-legal institutions in our country and on the European continent is largely due to the events of the late XX –early XXI century, formation of Ukraine as an independent state. The problem became even more relevant in connection with the events in Ukraine in 2013-2014, as well as the temporary loss of Crimea and the occupation of some eastern territories, the desire to rewrite the history of development and achievements of our country. In the history of Ukraine and many other European countries highlights the events of the midseventeenth century in terms of their then signifi cance and long-term impact on the development of social and legal institutions in the future: the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which was the source of modern international law; The English Revolution led by O. Cromwell; Ukrainian National Revolution led by B. Khmelnytsky. The aim of the paper is to study the impact of signifi cant historical events related to the B. Khmelnytsky Revolution on changes in the legal sphere, which were a source of legal norms that had long-term eff ect, as well as to compare the consequences of large-scale historical events in Ukraine and Europe to the development of the legal doctrine of the New Time. At the beginning of the XVII century in the Ukrainian-Russian lands there was a situation that can be called “revolutionary”. Legal sources related to the rule of Polish magnates, the Polish nobility and the Catholic Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ceased to exist. “Cossack law” became widespread, which meant the system of customary law, which was formed in the Zaporozhian Sich and was integrated into public relations during the Ukrainian National Revolution. Zaporozhian customary law was perceived not only as local, but also as purely national. Deep religiosity was one of the hallmarks of the Cossacks, and the protection of the Orthodox faith of ancestors and the church was the basis of their lives. The National Revolution in Ukraine in 1648–1676 was related to large-scale sociopolitica movements in a number of Central and Western European countries. Its signifi cance lay in the restoration of state life, the formation of the Ukrainian state idea, and the development of national consciousness. As a result of the turbulent events of the Ukrainian National Revolution, the development of legal institutions took a diff erent path than the development of legal institutions in European countries associated with the end of the Thirty Years’ War and the adoption of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Unlike the transformations in European countries, the events in Ukraine have not become a direct source in the legal sphere; in this regard there are not yet suffi cient conditions for signifi cant changes. Considering the further historical development of Ukraine, these events were only a necessary impetus for such changes in the future. Key words: Ukrainian National Revolution, necessary and suffi cient conditions for changes in the legal sphere, the origins of law.

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