Articles de revues : « Cosmographia »

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Gaida, Margaret. « Reading Cosmographia : Peter Apian’s Book-Instrument Hybrid and the Rise of the Mathematical Amateur in the Sixteenth Century ». Early Science and Medicine 21, n^o 4 (15 novembre 2016) : 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00214p01.

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The incorporation of paper instruments, also known as volvelles, into astronomical and cosmographical texts is a well-known facet of sixteenth-century printing. However, the impact that these instruments had on the reading public has yet to be determined. This paper argues that the inclusion of paper instruments in Peter Apian’s Cosmographia transforms the text into a book-instrument hybrid. The instruments and accompanying text in Cosmographia enabled readers to make their own measurements and calculations of both the heavens and the earth. Through the experience of manipulating the instruments, the readers became participants in sixteenth century mathematical culture, and thus mathematical amateurs. I conclude that the presence of these mathematical amateurs contributed to a much broader social base for the cultural shift towards an empirical understanding of nature from 1500 to 1700.

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Carrizo Gómez, María José. « Las ediciones de Pomponio Mela en España : análisis de la tradición incunable ». Epos : Revista de filología, n^o 29 (1 janvier 2013) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.29.2013.15182.

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El objeto de este artículo es analizar el patrimonio de la tradición incunable de la Cosmographia de Pomponio Mela conservado en España, centrando la atención en el examen de los ejemplares que se encuentran en fondos bibliográficos españoles con el fin de esclarecer la difusión y las modalidades de recepción de la obra de Mela en España.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the heritage of Pomponio Mela’s Cosmographia incunable tradition preserved in Spain, focusing on the revision of the copies which are kept in Spanish bibliographic reserved collections in order to clarify the diffusion and the different ways of reception of Mela’s work in Spain.

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Galić, Anđelka, et Antonia Došen. « Sebastian Münster Cosmographia as the renaissance mirror of the world ». Geoadria 22, n^o 1 (9 novembre 2017) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.1336.

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Cosmographey oder beschreibug aller Länder [...]1, famous work by a German cartographer Sebastian Münster is kept among few cartographic works in the Collection of Printing and Bookbinding of the Museum of Arts and Crafts in Zagreb. After its restoration at the Central Laboratory for Conservation and Restoration of the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb, it was determined by using comparative analysis with other editions that the copy of Münster’s work from the Museum of Arts and Crafts, with the missing title page along with the entire contents of the last, Sixth Book, is in fact the German edition of Cosmographia published in Basel in 1567. The established dating is also verified by applying the method of identifying the volume through determining the sequence of maps printed on double pages which precede the main text and are described in detail and analysed in the enclosed table with the text. Münster’s work is a unique endeavour in the history of printing. The knowledge of the world is presented over a thousand text pages equipped with several hundred woodcut illustrations and dozens of maps covering geography, history, ethnography, anthropology, geology and natural sciences. In this paper, Münster’s work on Dalmatia, Istria and Slavonia are especially highlighted as the basis, as well as an incentive, for further research of content and significance of cartographic presentations of a part of Croatian lands during the Renaissance period.

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Jensen, Jürgen. « McLean, Matthew : The Cosmographia of Sebastian Münster ». Anthropos 104, n^o 1 (2009) : 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2009-1-237.

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Dunsby, Peter K. S., et Orlando Luongo. « On the theory and applications of modern cosmography ». International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, n^o 03 (mars 2016) : 1630002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816300026.

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Cosmography represents an important branch of cosmology which aims to describe the universe without the need of postulating a priori any particular cosmological model. All quantities of interest are expanded as a Taylor series around here and now, providing in principle, a way of directly matching with cosmological data. In this way, cosmography can be regarded a model-independent technique, able to fix cosmic bounds, although several issues limit its use in various model reconstructions. The main purpose of this review is to focus on the key features of cosmography, emphasizing both the strategy for obtaining the observable cosmographic series and pointing out any drawbacks which might plague the standard cosmographic treatment. In doing so, we relate cosmography to the most relevant cosmological quantities and to several dark energy models. We also investigate whether cosmography is able to provide information about the form of the cosmological expansion history, discussing how to reproduce the dark fluid from the cosmographic sound speed. Following this, we discuss limits on cosmographic priors and focus on how to experimentally treat cosmographic expansions. Finally, we present some of the latest developments of the cosmographic method, reviewing the use of rational approximations, based on cosmographic Padé polynomials. Future prospects leading to more accurate cosmographic results, able to better reproduce the expansion history of the universe, are also discussed in detail.

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Minkova, Milena. « Bernardus Silvestris's Cosmographia and its Optimism (with an appendix of comments and suggestions on the text of the Cosmographia ». Journal of Medieval Latin 13 (janvier 2003) : 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jml.2.304195.

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Rudolph, Joseph. « The Narrative Persona in the Cosmographia of Bernard Silvestris ». Mediaevalia 42, n^o 1 (2021) : 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mdi.2021.0002.

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Bondéelle-Souchier, Anne. « Un texte retrouvé : la « Cosmographia Moysi » d'Eustache de Lens ». Scriptorium 50, n^o 1 (1996) : 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/scrip.1996.1751.

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Parri, Ilaria. « La nozione di materia nella Cosmographia di Bernardo Silvestre ». Quaestio 7 (janvier 2007) : 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.quaestio.1.100157.

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Herren, Michael W. « The "Greek Element" in the Cosmographia of Aethicus Ister ». Journal of Medieval Latin 11 (janvier 2001) : 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jml.2.304153.

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KAUNTZE. « THE CREATION GROVE IN THE "COSMOGRAPHIA" OF BERNARD SILVESTRIS ». Medium Ævum 78, n^o 1 (2009) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/43632797.

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Rott, Dariusz. « Mapping the Early Modern World ». Tabula, n^o 17 (16 novembre 2020) : 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.17.2020.12.

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Around 1490 Cracow saw the development of humanist interests in geography, as well as in the works of Claudius Ptolemaeus (circa 100-147) and other ancient geographers. The stay of the renown German humanist, Conradus Celtes, in Cracow (1446-1495) most likely contributed to this shift. Laurentius Corvinus (circa 1465- 1527), Silesian humanist and Neo-Latin poet, who between 1484- 1494 studied and then lectured in Cracow as docens extraneus non de facultate (his lectures were attended by, for example, young Nicolaus Copernicus), belonged to Celtes’ circle. As a result of his lectures in Cracow, Corvinus wrote the textbook entitled Cosmographia dans nanuductionem in tabulas Ptolemai [...], which was then published in Basel, in 1496. This paper presents the main facts concerning Corvinus’ life and discusses the content of his work. It also presents the circles of contemporary Renaissance humanists in Cracow, in particular scholars of geography and astronomy. This work played an important role in developing geographical knowledge among the humanists of Cracow. It also influenced humanist circles in Basel, Nuremberg and Tubingen. Today, Corvinus’ Cosmographia is a rather forgotten work, not often analyzed by researchers of the history of Polish geography and historians of older literature.

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Relano, Fransesc. « Cosmographia Arithmetica : le monde, ses parties et la numérologie médiévale ». Le Moyen Age CIX, n^o 1 (2003) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rma.091.0113.

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Mehrabi, Ahmad, et Mehdi Rezaei. « Cosmographic Parameters in Model-independent Approaches ». Astrophysical Journal 923, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2fff.

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Abstract The cosmographic approach, a Taylor expansion of the Hubble function, has been used as a model-independent method to investigate the evolution of the universe in the presence of cosmological data. Apart from possible technical problems like the radius of convergence, there is an ongoing debate about the tensions that appear when one investigates some high-redshift cosmological data. In this work, we consider two common data sets, namely, Type Ia supernovae (Pantheon sample) and the Hubble data, to investigate advantages and disadvantages of the cosmographic approach. To do this, we obtain the evolution of cosmographic functions using the cosmographic method, as well as two other well-known model-independent approaches, namely, the Gaussian process and the genetic algorithm. We also assume a ΛCDM model as the concordance model to compare the results of mentioned approaches. Our results indicate that the results of cosmography compared with the other approaches are not exact enough. Considering the Hubble data, which are less certain, the results of q 0 and j 0 obtained in cosmography provide a tension at more than 3σ away from the best result of ΛCDM. Assuming both of the data samples in different approaches, we show that the cosmographic approach, because it provides some biased results, is not the best approach for reconstruction of cosmographic functions, especially at higher redshifts.

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Small, Margaret. « The Cosmographia of Sebastian Münster. Describing the World in the Reformation ». Early Science and Medicine 14, n^o 4 (2009) : 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338209x433561.

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Llorenç i Blat, Josep. « Dant i el Renaixement català ». SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 4, n^o 4 (29 décembre 2014) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.4.4353.

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RESUM Procurador reial i nobiliari, cosmògraf, joier, lapidari, mercader i escriptor, i al capdavall, un ciutadà català honrat, Ferrer (Vidreres, ~1445 – Blanes, 1529) va marxar de ben jove a la cort de Nàpols, al servei del rei Ferran i. Acabada aquesta peripècia italiana va tornar a Blanes al servei del vescomte de Cabrera i de Bas fins que va morir a la mateixa vila al 1529. Un seu criat, disset anys més tard, va editar uns papers esparsos que havia trobat a can Ferrer, les Sentèncias cathòlicas del diví poeta Dant florentí, compilades per lo prudentíssim mossèn Jaume Ferrer de Blanes[sic], incloent-hi tres parts. La primera, «Conclusions», és un sumari destinat a mostrar «Entre totas las cosas necessàries a l’home per aconseguir lo seu fi y beatitut eterna principalment són tres»; la segona, «Meditació», és una reflexió a fi d’il·luminar els misteris sobre la passió i mort de Jesucrist a «lo santíssim loch de Calvari»; la tercera, «Letras», és un conjunt de dotze documents, entre cartes i d’altres textos, «fetas a mossèn Jaume Ferrer, respostes e regles per ell ordenades en cosmographia y en art de navegar». ABSTRACT Lord Ferrer (Vidreres,~1445 – Blanes,1529), royal and aristocratic attorney, cosmographer, jewelrer, lapidary, merchant and writer, after all, an honorable Catalan citizen, left early age, at the court of Naples at King Ferdinand’s i service. After this eventful Italian journey he went back to Blanes at the Viscount of Cabrera and Bas’ service, until he died in the same town in 1529. One of his servants, seventeen years later, published some of the documents which were found scattered in Ferrer’s House, Catholic sentences from the divine poet Dante Florentine, compiled by most respectable lord Jaume Ferrer de Blanes [sic], including three parts. The first one, «Conclusions», is a summary intended to show "Among all the things needed by a man to achieve his goal and his eternal beattitude, they are mainly three", the second one, «Meditation», is a reflection in order to illuminate the mysteries of the passion and death of Jesus Christ at "the holy loch of Calvary", and the third one, «Letters», which is a set of twelve documents, letters and other texts, "made to lord Jaume Ferrer, answers and rules ordered by him in Cosmography and Seacraft”.

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Luongo, Orlando, Giovanni Battista Pisani et Antonio Troisi. « Cosmological degeneracy versus cosmography : A cosmographic dark energy model ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, n^o 03 (3 février 2017) : 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500158.

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In this work, we use cosmography to alleviate the degeneracy among cosmological models, proposing a way to parametrize matter and dark energy in terms of cosmokinematics quantities. The recipe of using cosmography allows to expand observable quantities in Taylor series and to directly compare those expansions with data. The strategy involves the expansions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], up to the second-order around [Formula: see text]. This includes additional cosmographic parameters which are fixed by current values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We therefore propose a fully self-consistent parametrization of the total energy density driving the late-time universe speed up. This stratagem does not remove all the degeneracy but enables one to pass from the model-dependent couple of coefficients, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], to model-independent quantities determined from cosmography. Afterwards, we describe a feasible cosmographic dark energy model, in which matter is fixed whereas dark energy evolves by means of the cosmographic series. Our technique provides robust constraints on cosmokinematic parameters, permitting one to separately bound matter from dark energy densities. Our cosmographic dark energy model turns out to be one parameter only, but differently from the lambda cold dark matter ([Formula: see text]CDM) paradigm, it does not contain ansatz on the dark energy form. In addition, we even determine the free parameter of our model in suitable [Formula: see text] intervals through Monte Carlo analyses based on the Metropolis algorithm. We compare our results with the standard concordance model and we find that our treatment seems to indicate that dark energy slightly evolves in time, reducing to a pure cosmological constant only as [Formula: see text].

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Frisch, Andrea. « Passing Knowledge : André Thevet’s Cosmographical Epistemology ». Journal of Early Modern History 18, n^o 1-2 (11 février 2014) : 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342384.

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Abstract This essay reconsiders whether the standard of a totalizing synthesis can take the appropriate measure of the epistemological orientation implicit in André Thevet’s cosmographic writings. By focusing attention on and contextualizing Thevet’s frequently repeated remark that he is describing something “in passing,” I argue that the hallmark of Thevet’s cosmographic discourse is its explicit provisionality: for all its authority and authenticity, such discourse is predicated on a belief in the inherent flux and impermanence of its object. I conclude that if we can construe Thevet’s non-totalizing, provisional cosmography as a legitimate form of cosmographic knowledge of the globe in the period, rather than as the last, tortured gasp of a self-destructing genre, we can perhaps reconsider both the value and the function of “passing knowledge” in the history of cosmographic discourse.

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McLean (book author), Matthew, et Lesley B. Cormack (review author). « The Cosmographia of Sebastian Münster : Describing the World in the Reformation ». Aestimatio : Critical Reviews in the History of Science 5 (21 décembre 2015) : 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/aestimatio.v5i0.25872.

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Methuen, Charlotte. « Matthew McLean, The Cosmographia of Sebastian Münster : Describing the World in the Reformation ». Reformation 14, n^o 1 (9 février 2009) : 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/refm.v14.207.

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Karfíková, Lenka. « Homo opus temporis. Die Ewigkeit und Zeit nach der Cosmographia des Bernard Silvestris ». Sacris Erudiri 43 (janvier 2004) : 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.se.2.300125.

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Bendall, Sarah. « Networked Nation : Mapping German Cities in Sebastian Munster's ‘Cosmographia’ By Jasper van Putten ». Library 20, n^o 1 (23 février 2019) : 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/20.1.105.

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Conley, Tom. « Networked Nation : Mapping German Cities in Sebastian Münster’s ‘Cosmographia’, by Jasper van Putten ». Imago Mundi 71, n^o 2 (3 juin 2019) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085694.2019.1607075.

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Aksa, Furqan Ishak. « PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KOSMOGRAFI BERBASIS AL QURAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL MAHASISWA ». Media Komunikasi Geografi 18, n^o 2 (5 janvier 2018) : 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v18i2.12497.

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This research is based on the dryness of spiritual values in cosmography learning in college. This is because of the cosmographic material currently available contains only the cognitive domain. This condition makes cosmographic learning in college unable to make students as a person who glorifies God and pious in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 12 the year 2012. The research and development procedure is done by modifying the Dick and Carey model which is done through 7 stages. The results showed that the acceptance of teaching materials products reached 80, 42%. An important finding of this research is the integration of Quranic verses into teaching material can add the belief of the respondent to God Almighty for the creation of the universe. This makes the student become a person who glorifies God. Although spiritual intelligence is difficult to measure with various instruments, at least the opinions of most respondents, it can be used as a benchmark that learning Al Quran-based cosmography can increase students' confidence in God Almighty.

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Piedipalumbo, Ester, Enrica Della Moglie et Roberto Cianci. « Updated f(T) gravity constraints from high-redshift cosmography ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, n^o 14 (décembre 2015) : 1550100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181550100x.

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In the last dozen years, a wide and variegated mass of observational data revealed that the universe is now expanding at an accelerated rate. In the absence of a well-based theory to interpret the observations, cosmography provides information about the evolution of the universe from measured distances, only assuming that the geometry can be described by the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker metric. In this paper, we perform a high-redshift analysis which allows us to put constraints on the cosmographic parameters up to the fifth-order, thus inducing indirect constraints on any gravity theory. Here, we are interested in the so-called teleparallel gravity theory, [Formula: see text]. Actually, we use the analytical expressions of the present day values of [Formula: see text] and its derivatives as functions of the cosmographic parameters to map the cosmography region of confidences into confidence ranges for [Formula: see text] and its derivative. Moreover, we show how these can be used to test some teleparallel gravity models without solving the dynamical equations. Our analysis is based on the Union2 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) data set, a set of 28 measurements of the Hubble parameter, the Hubble diagram constructed from some gamma ray bursts (GRB) luminosity distance indicators and Gaussian priors on the distance from the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) and the Hubble constant [Formula: see text]. To perform our statistical analysis and to explore the probability distributions of the cosmographic parameters, we use the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method.

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Hosoume, Yassuko, Cristina Leite et Sandra Del Carlo. « ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA NO BRASIL - 1850 A 1951 - UM OLHAR PELO COLÉGIO PEDRO II1 ». Ensaio Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (Belo Horizonte) 12, n^o 2 (août 2010) : 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21172010120212.

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Tendo como referência o entendimento de que o currículo é resultado de um processo constituído de conflitos e disputas entre dife rentes tradições e concepções sociais, é analisado o ensino de astronomia no Brasil, a partir dos 18 programas do Colégio Pedro II, relativos às reformas de 1841 a 1951. Inicialmente identificada na disciplina Cosmographia, a astronomia está ausente dos currículos em alguns perío dos (1856/58 e 1951) e retorna, outras vezes, incorporada em disciplinas como Geografia e/ou Física (por ex.1858 e 1931). Essa não linearidade na evolução temporal do currículo também é observada na permanência de temas como estações do ano ou eclipses, em todas as reformas e na ausên cia descontínua de conteúdos como métodos de observação dos astros ou caracterização do Sol em algumas delas.

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Tolias, George. « The World under the Stars : Astrological Geography and the Bologna 1477 Edition of Ptolemy’s Cosmographia ». Imago Mundi 71, n^o 2 (3 juin 2019) : 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085694.2019.1607038.

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Potts, Daniel T. « The Persian Gulf in the Cosmographia of the Anonymous Geographer of Ravenna, c. 700 AD ». DABIR 5, n^o 1 (30 novembre 2018) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/29497833-00501010.

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Morales Martinez, Alfredo J. « Cartografía y cartografía simbólica Las "Theses de Mathematicas, de Cosmographia e Hidrographia" de Vicente De Memije ». Varia Historia 32, n^o 60 (décembre 2016) : 669–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752016000300005.

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Resumen Frente a la ruta que desde el siglo XVI enlazaba la Península Ibérica con las islas Filipinas, Vicente de Memije propuso en la Tesis presentada en Manila en 1761, una nueva ruta directa que bordeaba el Cabo de Hornos. Su texto se dedica al rey Carlos III a quien anima a continuar la tarea de evangelización de Asia de sus antecesores, partiendo para ello del archipiélago filipino, que ya desde el siglo XVI había servido de plataforma a las órdenes religiosas para llevar a cabo la conquista espiritual de las tierras asiáticas. También trata de demostrar la necesidad de establecer una cartografía hispánica basada en la medición de los grados de longitud hacia poniente, rechazando las medidas que distintos cosmógrafos habían otorgado a los dominios españoles y al Pacífico. La Tesis presenta como aparato gráfico dos estampas de gran valor científico y artístico. Para confeccionar la primera, firmada por Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay, acudió a diversas fuentes gráficas francesas, inglesas y holandesas, siendo limitadas las informaciones obtenidas en obras españolas. La segunda estampa aparece firmada por Laureano de Atlas y constituye una de las mejores creaciones de la cartografía simbólica.

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Camerota, Filippo. « Leggere Dante “con le sexte, et con il regolo” ». Opus Incertum 7 (11 décembre 2021) : 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/opus-13250.

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The astronomical metaphors with which Dante in the Divine Comedy periodically provides the coordinates of his journey into the afterlife, suggest that the poet has materially drawn the cosmographic model of the afterworld by measuring the path taken on it, as pilots did during navigation. Renaissance commentators were certainly convinced of this, starting with Antonio di Tuccio Manetti, who around 1460 initiated a period of cosmographic studies on Dante’s hell that continued throughout the 16th century. The Florentine mathematician believed that to fully understand the architecture conceived by Dante in the womb of the Earth, it was necessary to have solid knowledge of geometry, arithmetic, cosmography and drawing. The globe, the nautical chart, the ruler and the compass were, therefore, the tools considered essential in order to give shape, size and location to the immense amphitheater of eternal damnation.

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Gautier Dalché, Patrick. « Epistola fratrum sincerorum in cosmographia : une traduction latine inédite de la quatrième Risāla des Iḥwān al-Ṣafā ». Revue d'histoire des textes 18, n^o 1988 (1989) : 137–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rht.1989.1321.

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LUONGO, ORLANDO. « COSMOGRAPHY WITH THE HUBBLE PARAMETER ». Modern Physics Letters A 26, n^o 20 (28 juin 2011) : 1459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035894.

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In this paper we investigate the possibility to obtain constraints on the kinematics of the Universe in a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology, through the use of the so-called Cosmography. The basic idea lies directly on fitting the H(z) series, by adopting a more recent dataset of H(z), in the range z≼1.8, obtaining the limits of the kinematical quantities under exam. The advantage that we propose here is that this fitting procedure is model independent and it does not need any assumption given a priori on the cosmology of the Universe, but only its geometry and flatness. Moreover, as an example, we relate the measured cosmographic set to the free parameter of ΛCDM, being the matter density Ωm. In fact, by inverting Ωm in terms of the cosmographic set, it would be possible to infer limits on it. We find results in agreement with other kind of cosmological constraints.

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Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Geovanny Rave-Franco et Jackson Levi-Said. « f(T, B) Cosmography for High Redshifts ». Universe 7, n^o 11 (16 novembre 2021) : 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7110441.

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In light of the statistical performance of cosmological observations, in this work we present the cosmography in f(T,B) gravity. In this scenario we found a cosmological viable standard case that allows the reduction of the degeneracy between several f(T,B) models already proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we constrain this model using Pantheon SNeIa compilation, cosmic chronometers and a newly GRB calibrated data sample. We found that with an appropriate strategy for including the cosmographic parameter, we do produce a viable cosmology with our model within f(T,B) gravity.

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Munõz, Cristian Zamora, et Celia Escamilla-Rivera. « Inverse Cosmography : testing the effectiveness of cosmographic polynomials using machine learning ». Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2020, n^o 12 (3 décembre 2020) : 007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/007.

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Rodrigues, Tuane Telles, et Eduardo Schiavone Cardoso. « A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS ESTUDOS COSMOGRÁFICOS PARA A LICENCIATURA EM GEOGRAFIA ». Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) 22, n^o 1 (24 avril 2020) : 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v22n1.462.

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RESUMO A Cosmografia Geográfica teve seu conceito construído entre os séculos XV e XVI. Seu estudo busca explicar as dinâmicas físico-naturais e culturais terrestres à luz dos conhecimentos cosmográficos, nos mais variados tempos históricos. Possibilita-se assim à Geografia, uma maior completude na compreensão das relações intrínsecas da Terra, enquanto astro e local propício ao desenvolvimento da vida, e o Cosmos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se debater a relevância da Cosmografia Geográfica como disciplina para a compreensão de fenômenos que ocorrem no planeta, e como um norteador importante para o entendimento básico das dinâmicas de grandezas físicas que deram origem ao planeta em que vivemos. Metodologicamente, foram realizadas duas pesquisas: a aplicação de uma oficina pedagógica na Escola Estadual de Ensino Médio de Itaara-RS, com duas turmas do 1° ano; e a prática de uma entrevista com graduandos situados entre os 5° e o 8° semestres do curso de graduação em Geografia Licenciatura Plena da UFSM. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância de uma base teórica para estudos mais detalhados sobre a Cosmografia Geográfica nos cursos de graduação em Geografia Licenciatura Plena, de maneira a aperfeiçoar o ensino no exercício escolar. Palavras-chave: ensino de Geografia, Cosmografia Geográfica, formação. ABSTRACT The Geographic Cosmography had its concept built between the 15th and 16th centuries. Its study seeks to explain the physical-natural and cultural dynamics of the earth in the light of cosmographic knowledge in various historical times. Geography is thus made possible, a greater completeness in the understanding of the intrinsic relations of the Earth, as star and propitious place for the development of life, and the Cosmos. In this sense, the objective was to debate the relevance of Geographic Cosmography as a discipline for the understanding of phenomena that occur on the planet, and as an important guide for the basic understanding of the dynamics of physical magnitude that gave rise to the planet in which we live. Methodologically, two researches were conducted: the application of a pedagogical workshop at the State High School of Itaara-RS, with two 1st grade classes; and the practice of an interview with undergraduate students between the 5th and 8th semesters of the UFSM Undergraduate Geography undergraduate course. The results showed the importance of a theoretical basis for more detailed studies on Geographic Cosmography in undergraduate Geography undergraduate courses, in order to improve teaching in the school year. Keywords: Geography Teaching, Geographic Cosmography, Formation. RESUMEN La cosmografía geográfica tuvo su concepto construido entre los siglos XV y XVI. Su estudio busca explicar la dinámica físico-natural y cultural de la tierra a la luz del conocimiento cosmográfico en varios tiempos históricos. Así, posibilita a la geografía una mayor integridad en la comprensión de las relaciones intrínsecas de la Tierra, en cuanto un astro y un lugar propicio para el desarrollo de la vida y el Cosmos. En este sentido, el objetivo era debatir la relevancia de la cosmografía geográfica como disciplina para la comprensión de los fenómenos que ocurren en el planeta, y como una guía importante para la comprensión básica de la dinámica de la magnitud física que dio origen al planeta en el que vivimos. Cuanto la metodología, se realizaron dos investigaciones: la aplicación de un taller pedagógico en la Escuela Secundaria Estatal de Itaara-RS, con dos clases de 1º grado; y la práctica de una entrevista con estudiantes de grado entre el 5° y 8° semestre del curso de Geografía de UFSM. Los resultados mostraron la importancia de una base teórica para estudios más detallados sobre Cosmografía Geográfica en los cursos de grado de Geografía, con el fin de mejorar la enseñanza en el ejercicio escolar. Palabras clave: Enseñanza de Geografía. Cosmografía Geográfica. Formación. Résumé La cosmographie géographique a vu son concept construit entre le XVe et le XVIe siècle. Son étude cherche à expliquer la dynamique physique-naturelle et culturelle de la terre à la lumière des connaissances cosmographiques, dans les époques historiques les plus variées. De cette façon, il est rendu possible à la géographie une plus grande complétude dans la compréhension des relations intrinsèques de la Terre, en tant qu'étoile et lieu propice au développement de la vie, et du Cosmos. En ce sens, l'objectif était de débattre de la pertinence de la cosmographie géographique en tant que discipline pour la compréhension des phénomènes qui se produisent sur la planète, et en tant que guide important pour la compréhension de base de la dynamique des grandeurs physiques qui ont donné naissance à la planète sur laquelle nous vivons. Sur le plan méthodologique, deux recherches ont été menées: l'application d'un atelier pédagogique au lycée d'État d'Itaara-RS, avec deux classes de 1ère année; et la pratique d'une entrevue avec des étudiants de premier cycle entre les 5e et 8e semestres du cours en géographie , license pleinne à l'UFSM. Les résultats ont montré l'importance d'une base théorique pour des études plus détaillées sur la cosmographie géographique dans les cours de premier cycle en license pleinne en géographie, ayant l’objectif d'améliorer l'enseignement à l'école. Mots-clés: Enseignement de la géographie, Cosmographie géographique, Formation.

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GAO, HE, NAN LIANG et ZONG-HONG ZHU. « CALIBRATION OF GRB LUMINOSITY RELATIONS WITH COSMOGRAPHY ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 21, n^o 02 (février 2012) : 1250016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812500162.

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For the use of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to probe cosmology in a cosmology-independent way, a new method has been proposed to obtain luminosity distances of GRBs by interpolating directly from the Hubble diagram of SNe Ia, and then calibrating GRB relations at high redshift. In this paper, following the basic assumption in the interpolation method that objects at the same redshift should have the same luminosity distance, we propose another approach to calibrate GRB luminosity relations with cosmographic fitting directly from SN Ia data. In cosmography, there is a well-known fitting formula which can reflect the Hubble relation between luminosity distance and redshift with cosmographic parameters which can be fitted from observation data. Using the Cosmographic fitting results from the Union set of SNe Ia, we calibrate five GRB relations using GRB sample at z ≤ 1.4 and deduce distance moduli of GRBs at 1.4 < z ≤ 6.6 by generalizing above calibrated relations at high redshift. Finally, we constrain the dark energy parameterization models of the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) model, the Jassal–Bagla–Padmanabhan (JBP) model and the Alam model with GRB data at high redshift, as well as with the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) and the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) observations, and we find the ΛCDM model is consistent with the current data in 1-σ confidence region.

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Prasetya, Sukma Perdana, Nuansa Bayu Segara et Kusnul Khotimah. « Pengembangan Blanded Learning dengan Model Rotasi pada Mahasiswa Calon Guru ». JUPIIS : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 11, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2019) : 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v11i2.13858.

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The purpose of this research is to develop blended learning with appropriate rotation model and to test its effectiveness in Cosmography course. This research uses Research and Development method based on the steps of Borg and Gall (1989). The R & D step is done by modifying it to simplify it into three main stages: introduction, development, and testing. Data analysis consisted of three stages: validity test and reliability of research instrument, preliminary test of data in the form of data normality test with kosmogorov-smirnov and homogeneity test with lavene test, hypothesis test using independent t test sample test. This study produces learning tools (RPS, teaching materials, media, jobsheet, assessment sheets) that are eligible to use. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in Cosmographic learning outcomes between groups of students studying using blended learning based on conventional and rotational models. Implementation of the rotation model in learning can increase activity, interest and improve learning outcomes because cosmographic material can be delivered more varied.

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Capozziello, Salvatore, Rocco D’Agostino et Orlando Luongo. « Extended gravity cosmography ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, n^o 10 (juillet 2019) : 1930016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819300167.

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Cosmography can be considered as a sort of a model-independent approach to tackle the dark energy/modified gravity problem. In this review, the success and the shortcomings of the [Formula: see text]CDM model, based on General Relativity (GR) and standard model of particles, are discussed in view of the most recent observational constraints. The motivations for considering extensions and modifications of GR are taken into account, with particular attention to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] theories of gravity where dynamics is represented by curvature or torsion field, respectively. The features of [Formula: see text] models are explored in metric and Palatini formalisms. We discuss the connection between [Formula: see text] gravity and scalar–tensor theories highlighting the role of conformal transformations in the Einstein and Jordan frames. Cosmological dynamics of [Formula: see text] models is investigated through the corresponding viability criteria. Afterwards, the equivalent formulation of GR (Teleparallel Equivalent General Relativity (TEGR)) in terms of torsion and its extension to [Formula: see text] gravity is considered. Finally, the cosmographic method is adopted to break the degeneracy among dark energy models. A novel approach, built upon rational Padé and Chebyshev polynomials, is proposed to overcome limits of standard cosmography based on Taylor expansion. The approach provides accurate model-independent approximations of the Hubble flow. Numerical analyses, based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain integration of cosmic data, are presented to bound coefficients of the cosmographic series. These techniques are thus applied to reconstruct [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] functions and to frame the late-time expansion history of the universe with no a priori assumptions on its equation-of-state. A comparison between the [Formula: see text]CDM cosmological model with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models is reported.

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Bendall, S. « The Cosmographia of Sebastian Munster : Describing the World in the Reformation. By MATTHEW MCLEAN. (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History.) ». Library 10, n^o 2 (1 juin 2009) : 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/10.2.215.

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Libeskind, Noam I., Edoardo Carlesi, Robert J. J. Grand, Arman Khalatyan, Alexander Knebe, Ruediger Pakmor, Sergey Pilipenko et al. « The hestia project : simulations of the Local Group ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, n^o 2 (26 août 2020) : 2968–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2541.

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ABSTRACT We present the hestia simulation suite: High-resolutions Environmental Simulations of The Immediate Area, a set of cosmological simulations of the Local Group. Initial conditions constrained by the observed peculiar velocity of nearby galaxies are employed to accurately simulate the local cosmography. Halo pairs that resemble the Local Group are found in low resolutions constrained, dark matter only simulations, and selected for higher resolution magneto hydrodynamic simulation using the arepo code. Baryonic physics follows the auriga model of galaxy formation. The simulations contain a high-resolution region of 3–5 Mpc in radius from the Local Group mid-point embedded in the correct cosmographic landscape. Within this region, a simulated Local Group consisting of a Milky Way and Andromeda like galaxy forms, whose description is in excellent agreement with observations. The simulated Local Group galaxies resemble the Milky Way and Andromeda in terms of their halo mass, mass ratio, stellar disc mass, morphology separation, relative velocity, rotation curves, bulge-disc morphology, satellite galaxy stellar mass function, satellite radial distribution, and in some cases, the presence of a Magellanic cloud like object. Because these simulations properly model the Local Group in their cosmographic context, they provide a testing ground for questions where environment is thought to play an important role.

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Salehi, A., et S. Aftabi. « An approach to investigate stability, cosmography and the dark energy dipole : A case study of cosmological models in R1+ϵ ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, n^o 04 (10 mars 2016) : 1650042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816500425.

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In this paper, in a new approach, we study the stability of the dynamical system (DS) of [Formula: see text] in terms of two significant cosmological parameters, deceleration parameter and jerk parameter [Formula: see text]. Other cosmographic parameters such as [Formula: see text] have been obtained in terms of these two parameters. We have obtained critical points ([Formula: see text]), the best fitted current values of cosmographic parameters ([Formula: see text]), best value for model parameter [Formula: see text] and best trajectory of dynamics of system in phase space by simultaneously solving the DS and best fitting the parameter by the SNIa data. By defining modified redshift in anisotropic cosmological model as [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] is a magnitude of anisotropy, [Formula: see text] is direction of privileged axis and [Formula: see text] is the direction of each SNe Ia sample to galactic coordinates), the luminosity distance has been obtained in terms of modified redshift using cosmography method. Using union 2 data, we have found the direction of privileged axis in the galactic coordinate. The results show that the magnitude of anisotropy is about [Formula: see text] and the direction of privileged axis is [Formula: see text]. Also, our results are consistent with other studies in [Formula: see text] confidence level.

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Bargiacchi, G., G. Risaliti, M. Benetti, S. Capozziello, E. Lusso, A. Saccardi et M. Signorini. « Cosmography by orthogonalized logarithmic polynomials ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 649 (mai 2021) : A65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140386.

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Cosmography is a powerful tool for investigating the Universe kinematic and then for reconstructing the dynamics in a model-independent way. However, recent new measurements of supernovae Ia and quasars have populated the Hubble diagram up to high redshifts (z ∼ 7.5) and the application of the traditional cosmographic approach has become less straightforward due to the large redshifts implied. Here we investigate this issue through an expansion of the luminosity distance–redshift relation in terms of orthogonal logarithmic polynomials. In particular, we point out the advantages of a new procedure called orthogonalization, and we show that such an expansion provides a very good fit in the whole z = 0 ÷ 7.5 range to both real and mock data obtained assuming various cosmological models. Moreover, although the cosmographic series is tested well beyond its convergence radius, the parameters obtained expanding the luminosity distance–redshift relation for the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model are broadly consistent with the results from a fit of mock data obtained with the same cosmological model. This provides a method for testing the reliability of a cosmographic function to study cosmological models at high redshifts, and it demonstrates that the logarithmic polynomial series can be used to test the consistency of the ΛCDM model with the current Hubble diagram of quasars and supernovae Ia. We confirm a strong tension (at > 4σ) between the concordance cosmological model and the Hubble diagram at z > 1.5. This tension is dominated by the contribution of quasars at z > 2 and also starts to be present in the few supernovae Ia observed at z > 1.

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Gilman, D., S. Birrer et T. Treu. « TDCOSMO ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 642 (octobre 2020) : A194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038829.

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Time delay cosmography uses the arrival time delays between images in strong gravitational lenses to measure cosmological parameters, in particular the Hubble constant H0. The lens models used in time delay cosmography omit dark matter subhalos and line-of-sight halos because their effects are assumed to be negligible. We explicitly quantify this assumption by analyzing mock lens systems that include full populations of dark matter subhalos and line-of-sight halos, applying the same modeling assumptions used in the literature to infer H0. We base the mock lenses on six quadruply imaged quasars that have delivered measurements of the Hubble constant, and quantify the additional uncertainties and/or bias on a lens-by-lens basis. We show that omitting dark substructure does not bias inferences of H0. However, perturbations from substructure contribute an additional source of random uncertainty in the inferred value of H0 that scales as the square root of the lensing volume divided by the longest time delay. This additional source of uncertainty, for which we provide a fitting function, ranges from 0.7 − 2.4%. It may need to be incorporated in the error budget as the precision of cosmographic inferences from single lenses improves, and it sets a precision limit on inferences from single lenses.

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Gauvin, Brigitte. « Per tabellam huius cosmographiae novae… : Pierre Martyr d’Anghiera géographe, ou comment élaborer la cosmographie d’un monde nouveau ». Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences 59, n^o 163 (décembre 2009) : 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.arihs.5.101854.

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Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, et Salvatore Capozziello. « Unveiling cosmography from the dark energy equation of state ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, n^o 12 (septembre 2019) : 1950154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819501542.

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Constraining the dark energy equation of state, [Formula: see text], is one of the main issues of current and future cosmological surveys. In practice, this requires making assumptions about the evolution of [Formula: see text] with redshift [Formula: see text], which can be manifested in a choice of a specific parametric form where the number of cosmological parameters play an important role in the observed cosmic acceleration. Since any attempt to constrain the EoS requires some prior fixing in one form or the other, settling a method to constrain cosmological parameters is of great importance. In this paper, we provide a straightforward approach to show how cosmological tests can be improved via a parametric methodology based on cosmography. Using Supernovae Type IA samplers, we show how by performing a statistical analysis of a specific dark energy parametrization can give directly the cosmographic parameters values.

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Cormier, Raymond J. « Medieval Courtly Literature, Royal Patronage and World Harmony (III) ». Anuario de Estudios Medievales 21, n^o 1 (2 avril 2020) : 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aem.1991.v21.1111.

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La musique vainc le diable, comme doit avoir dit Pythagore. Cette étude aborde le problème, pour la troisième fois déjà et à nouveau sur les traces de Stephen Jaeger, qui a défendu à ce propos aussi la thèse que bon nombre de ces principes spéculatifs tombaient dans la littérature vernaculaire. On suggère que l'harmonie cosmique est réunie à la Cour médiévale, telle que la Table Ronde d'Arthur, et que l'équilibre sous-entendu dans le concept de l'harmonie du monde se reflète. volens nolens, à la cour des rois médiévaux, princes et évèques (Jaeger, Origins of Courtliness). Une seconde analogie soutient que le concept d'harmonie cosmique correspond à la sphère sociale et humaine; comme le préconise Boethius, les humains peuvent aiguiser leur caractère en répondant convenablement à l'harmonie cosmique, conduisant ainsi à une connaissance personnelle plus profonde. Trois thèmes sont discutés: a) les buts de l'échelle de valeur de la littérature médiévale raffinée; b) l'arrière plan de la notion d'harmonie cosmique -que l'on retrouve dans la description de la Perfection, ou Homme Nouveau, une «union mystérieuse»- et qui est décrite dans deụx traités importants du douzième siècle, la Cosmographia de Bernardus Silvestris et l'Anticlaudianus de Alan of Lille. La dernière préoccupation est le but de l'harmonie du monde étant donné qu'elle suggère une fusion raffinée du divin et de l'humain, du cosmic et du social, du terrestre et du céleste, du macrocosme et du microcosme.

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Taylor-Poleskey, Molly. « Networked Nation : Mapping German Cities in Sebastian Münster's “Cosmographia.” Jasper Cornelis van Putten. Maps, Spaces, Cultures 1. Leiden : Brill, 2017. xxiv + 354 pp. $172. » Renaissance Quarterly 72, n^o 2 (2019) : 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2019.177.

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Altayeva, G. S., О. V. Razina et P. Yu Tsyba. « Cosmography in the multifield cosmological model ». Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 106, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph2/37-48.

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This paper analyzes a cosmological model containing the fermion field, scalar field and vector field with Yukawa interaction. Such a model allows one to research the contribution of various types of matter to the dynamics of the universe. In flat, homogeneous, and isotropic space-time, this coupling can provide the acceleration expansion of the universe. Cosmological reconstruction of dynamical equations is obtained using hybrid solution. This solution is researched by cosmography and energy condition. In the model under study, a zero energy condition, a strong energy condition, and a dominant energy condition are satisfied, and a weak energy condition, which is not mandatory, is not satisfied. It is shown how the cosmographic parameters – the parameters of deceleration q, jerk j, and snap s – can be related to the hybrid value of the scale factor. The resulting analysis makes it possible to relate the model-independent results obtained from cosmography to theoretically substantiated assumptions of gravity. The total density and pressure of the energy of the gravitational field are found in the form of the sum of contributions, which are associated with the bosonic, fermionic, vector fields, as well as the Yukawa type potential. In the model under study, in the early epoch, the bosonic field is responsible for the accelerated regime. Fermionic and vector fields have a positive pressure value, and therefore slow down the accelerated expansion of the universe. At a later time, a transition to a slow mode occurs, as the total pressure tends to zero.

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Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Maryi Carvajal, Cristian Zamora et Martin Hendry. « Neural networks and standard cosmography with newly calibrated high redshift GRB observations ». Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, n^o 04 (1 avril 2022) : 016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/04/016.

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Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected at high redshift can be used to trace the cosmic expansion history. However, the calibration of their luminosity distances is not an easy task in comparison to Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa). To calibrate these data, correlations between their luminosity and other observed properties of GRBs need to be identified, and we must consider the validity of our assumptions about these correlations over their entire observed redshift range. In this work, we propose a new method to calibrate GRBs as cosmological distance indicators using SNeIa observations with a machine learning architecture. As well we include a new data GRB calibrated sample using extended cosmography in a redshift range above z > 3.6. An overview of this machine learning technique was developed in [1] to study the evolution of dark energy models at high redshift. The aim of the method developed in this work is to combine two networks: a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN). Using this computational approach, denoted RNN+BNN, we extend the network's efficacy by adding the computation of covariance matrices to the Bayesian process. Once this is done, the SNeIa distance-redshift relation can be tested on the full GRB sample and therefore used to implement a cosmographic reconstruction of the distance-redshift relation in different regimes. Thus, our newly-trained neural network is used to constrain the parameters describing the kinematical state of the Universe via a cosmographic approach at high redshifts (up to z ≈ 10), wherein we require a very minimal set of assumptions on the deep learning arquitecture itself that do not rely on dynamical equations for any specific theory of gravity.

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Mosley, Adam. « Matthew McLean, The Cosmographia of Sebastian Münster : Describing the World in the Reformation. Aldershot : Ashgate, 2007. Pp. viii+378. ISBN 978-0-7546-5843-6. £60.00 (hardback). » British Journal for the History of Science 41, n^o 4 (décembre 2008) : 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087408001611.

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