Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Corsica (France) comparison »

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a species that grows spontaneously in Corsica, but the characterization of this species in this territory has not yet been investigated. The main objectives of this study are to explore the features of wild hops from Corsica and to determine the effect of the island terroir on some cultivars in the first year of growth. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of the genetic analysis, morphological comparison and chemical characterization of essential oils was carried out on four wild Corsican hops and three hop cultivars grown in Tettnang, Germany and Corsica, France. The morphological and GC-MS analysis of Corsican wild hops, set cluster coastal samples apart from the one far from the coast. This dissimilarity is supported by the SSR analysis by two of the three coastal accessions. The genetics demonstrate a proximity between the European noble cultivar Tettnanger and the mountain Corsican wild hop from Corte. The morphological comparison between German hops cultivated in Tettnang and in Corsican soil, and the GC-MS characterization of their essential oils’ chemical profiles, show different features between year 0 and year +1 for each sample. This multidisciplinary approach highlights an acclimatization of hop cultivars to the Corsican terroir one year after planting.

Contribution of the mission Our Planet Reviewed to the knowledge of spiders: 33 species new to Corsica, including two species new for the French fauna (Arachnida, Araneae). As part of Our Planet Reviewed in Corsica 2019-2021 project, 364 spider taxa were inventoried. This mission made it possible to update the list of species recorded on the island: 33 species of spiders are added to the Corsican araneofauna, which goes from 687 to 721 taxa; two species are also new to the fauna of France, Orchestina longipes Dalmas, 1922 (Oonopidae) and Pseudeuophrys perdifumo van Helsdingen, 2015 (Salticidae). A comparison of sampling techniques is proposed, and for some new taxa comments on ecology or taxonomy are added. Finally, the main groups of species by type of habitat studied and a zoom on the “heritage” species are presented, in view of the recently published National Red List.

This article provides a comparison of the vascular alien flora of Sardinia (Italy) and that of Corsica (France), both territories belonging to the Western Mediterranean biogeographic subregion. The study has recorded 598 (90 doubtful) alien taxa in Sardinia (18% of the total flora) while 553 (87 doubtful) in Corsica (17%); six are new report to Sardinia and 27 to Corsica. A total of 234 taxa are common to both islands. Neophytes are 344 taxa (68% of the total) in Sardinia and 399 taxa (73%) in Corsica. The invasive component includes 64 taxa in Sardinia (13% of the alien flora) and 99 taxa (21%) in Corsica, 33 of them common to both territories. The total 740 alien taxa of Sardinia and Corsica are included in 93 families; being Fabaceae the richest. The comparison of the biological spectrum reveals that phanerophytes (202 taxa, 40%) are the most represented in Sardinia and therophytes (149 taxa, 32%) in Corsica. A study of the geographical origin shows supremacy of the American element in Sardinia (170 taxa, 34%) and in Corsica (136 taxa, 29%). The majority of taxa arrived as a result of intentional human introductions, mainly for ornamental use (247 taxa, 49% in Sardinia; 208 taxa, 45% in Corsica). Semi-natural, agricultural and synanthropic are the most occupied habitats. These data show the need for joint action to stem the increasingly worrying phenomenon of the alien flora in order to reduce the negative effects on natural habitats and native flora.

Abstract. The Mediterranean is considered as an area which will be affected strongly by current climate change. However, temperature records for the past centuries which can contribute to a better understanding of future climate changes are still sparse for this region. We established a network of multi-century stable carbon isotope chronologies on Corsica to study long-term climate variation in the Western Mediterranean Basin. The chronologies show strong correlations with summer temperature and precipitation as well as summer cloud coverage. A summer temperature reconstruction (AD 1448–2008) reveals that the Little Ice Age was characterized by low, but not extremely low temperatures on Corsica. Relatively warm temperatures during the Maunder minimum may indicate a decoupling from climate cooling registered in northern latitudes. A comparison of the summer temperature reconstruction with a summer cloud coverage reconstruction indicates warm summers with reduced cloudiness during the periods AD 1480–1520 and 1950–2008 and cool and cloudy summers during AD 1580–1620 and 1820–1890. The distinct features of the reconstruction underline the uniqueness of the Corsican climate and highlight the necessity of a better temporal and spatial resolution of climate reconstructions for a more robust estimation of current climate change on a local scale.

Species are identified as bioindicators when their presence or abundance within sites of a particular habitat or a conservation area are high. Dufrêne and Legendre (1997), Ecological Monographs 67: 345–366, proposed the use of a flexible asymmetrical approach to detect indicator species and species assemblages characterizing groups of sites, the indicator value for each species being subsequently tested by randomization. Although the advantages of these methods in comparison to other multivariate or two-way indicator species analyses have been demonstrated, relatively few ecological studies have made use of them. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the advantages of the indicator species test using a data set generated by traditional fisheries activities at four areas in the Bonifacio Strait Marine Reserve, Corsica, France. ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and another randomization test were also performed on the same data set. Of the 54 species caught in the fishing nets, the indicator species analyses identified 19 species for which the indicator value was significant for a given area, whereas the a posteriori Tukey test for ANOVA detected only 12 species for which the mass capture per unit effort was significantly greater for a given area. The efficiency of this new approach within the framework of conservation and marine reserve studies is demonstrated by focusing on three species (Sciaena umbra, Palinurus elephas and Maja verrucosa).

Abstract. The characterization of the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol is key to understanding the processes involved in the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosol. Therefore a technique using active sampling on cartridges and filters and derivatization followed by analysis using a thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (TD–GC–MS) has been used. It is aimed at studying the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol phases (PM2.5) during an intensive field campaign which took place in Corsica (France) during the summer of 2013: the ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) SOP1b (Special Observation Period 1B) campaign. These measurements led to the identification of 51 oxygenated (carbonyl and or hydroxyl) compounds in the gaseous phase with concentrations between 21 and 3900 ng m−3 and of 85 compounds in the particulate phase with concentrations between 0.3 and 277 ng m−3. Comparisons of these measurements with collocated data using other techniques have been conducted, showing fair agreement in general for most species except for glyoxal in the gas phase and malonic, tartaric, malic and succinic acids in the particle phase, with disagreements that can reach up to a factor of 8 and 20 on average, respectively, for the latter two acids. Comparison between the sum of all compounds identified by TD–GC–MS in the particle phase and the total organic matter (OM) mass reveals that on average 18 % of the total OM mass can be explained by the compounds measured by TD–GC–MS. This number increases to 24 % of the total water-soluble OM (WSOM) measured by coupling the Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS)-TOC (total organic carbon) if we consider only the sum of the soluble compounds measured by TD–GC–MS. This highlights the important fraction of the OM mass identified by these measurements but also the relative important fraction of OM mass remaining unidentified during the campaign and therefore the complexity of characterizing exhaustively the organic aerosol (OA) molecular chemical composition. The fraction of OM measured by TD–GC–MS is largely dominated by di-carboxylic acids, which represent 49 % of the PM2.5 content detected and quantified by this technique. Other contributions to PM2.5 composition measured by TD–GC–MS are then represented by tri-carboxylic acids (15 %), alcohols (13 %), aldehydes (10 %), di-hydroxy-carboxylic acids (5 %), monocarboxylic acids and ketones (3 % each), and hydroxyl-carboxylic acids (2 %). These results highlight the importance of polyfunctionalized carboxylic acids for OM, while the chemical processes responsible for their formation in both phases remain uncertain. While not measured by the TD–GC–MS technique, humic-like substances (HULISs) represent the most abundant identified species in the aerosol, contributing for 59 % of the total OM mass on average during the campaign. A total of 14 compounds were detected and quantified in both phases, allowing the calculation of experimental partitioning coefficients for these species. The comparison of these experimental partitioning coefficients with theoretical ones, estimated by three different models, reveals large discrepancies varying from 2 to 7 orders of magnitude. These results suggest that the supposed instantaneous equilibrium being established between gaseous and particulate phases assuming a homogeneous non-viscous particle phase is questionable.

Abstract. This work introduces the S2M (SAFRAN–SURFEX/ISBA–Crocus–MEPRA) meteorological and snow cover reanalysis in the French Alps, Pyrenees and Corsica, spanning the time period from 1958 to 2021. The simulations are made over elementary areas, referred to as massifs, designed to represent the main drivers of the spatial variability observed in mountain ranges (elevation, slope and aspect). The meteorological reanalysis is performed by the SAFRAN system, which combines information from numerical weather prediction models (ERA-40 reanalysis from 1958 to 2002, ARPEGE from 2002 to 2021) and the best possible set of available in situ meteorological observations. SAFRAN outputs are used to drive the Crocus detailed snow cover model, which is part of the land surface scheme SURFEX/ISBA. This model chain provides simulations of the evolution of the snow cover, underlying ground and the associated avalanche hazard using the MEPRA model. This contribution describes and discusses the main climatological characteristics (climatology, variability and trends) and the main limitations of this dataset. We provide a short overview of the scientific applications using this reanalysis in various scientific fields related to meteorological conditions and the snow cover in mountain areas. An evaluation of the skill of S2M is also displayed, in particular through comparison to 665 independent in situ snow depth observations. Further, we describe the technical handling of this open-access dataset, available at https://doi.org/10.25326/37#v2020.2. The S2M data are provided by Météo-France – CNRS, CNRM, Centre d'Études de la Neige, through AERIS (Vernay et al., 2022).

Dans le domaine de l'éducation des adultes, l'apprentissage informel fondé notamment surl'expérience est l'objet de plus en plus de recherches cherchant à caractériser sa nature ou à valoriserson statut. L'apprentissage informel représente une forme d'acquisition de connaissances, seproduisant à travers des processus d'assimilation, tels que celui qui nous permet d'apprendre notrelangue. Souvent inconscient, ce processus est omniprésent dans tous les contextes, bien que tout ceque nous apprenons ne soit pas nécessairement pertinent de manière systématique. En effet, selonRogers, dans son ouvrage paru en 2014, The Base of the Iceberg: Informal Learning and Its Impact onFormal and Non-formal Learning, le désir d'assimilation peut parfois conduire à des conformismesplutôt qu'à l'adoption d'une posture réflexive, pouvant même entraîner des attitudes régressives tellesque le racisme, le sexisme ou la violence, s'éloignant ainsi des principes et des valeurs d'une sociétédémocratique. Le contexte est décisif dans cette problématique.Il apparaît donc impératif de réfléchir à des contextes qui favorisent des apprentissages informelscritiques, c'est-à-dire basés sur la rationalité, comme le suggère par exemple Habermas dans saThéorie de l'agir communicationnel (1987). Cette réflexion devient d'autant plus cruciale face à lamenace de la désinformation et, de manière plus générale, à la déstabilisation qu'expérimentent nossociétés démocratiques. Dans cette optique, la bibliothèque de lecture publique, telle qu'elle estenvisagée par le manifeste de l'Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO) de 1994, revu en2022, semble occuper une place centrale. Le premier objectif de ce travail consiste ainsi à discerner ladimension critique, selon Habermas, du contexte d'apprentissage informel au sein de la bibliothèquede lecture publique. Pour ce faire, nous analysons, entre autres choses, l'intention éducativemanifestée dans ce contexte, telle que définie par Carré dans Pourquoi et comment les adultesapprennent : De la formation à l'apprenance, publié en 2020. Le deuxième objectif est de recueillirles expériences d'apprentissage informel « critique » des publics. À cette fin, une enquête est menéeauprès des publics des bibliothèques de lecture publique. Enfin, nous travaillons à la faveur d'uneapproche comparative entre le Québec (Canada) et la Corse (France), cette approche étant considéréecomme l'une des démarches les plus fructueuses pour l'analyse des institutions et des pratiquessociales, selon l'ouvrage dirigé par Lallement et Spurk, Stratégies de la comparaison internationale(2003)
In the field of adult education, informal learning, particularly experience-based learning, isincreasingly becoming the subject of research aimed at characterizing its nature or enhancing itsstatus. Informal learning represents a form of knowledge acquisition that occurs through assimilationprocesses, such as the ones that allow us to learn our language. These processes are often unconsciousand omnipresent in all contexts, although not everything we learn is necessarily systematicallyrelevant. Indeed, according to Rogers in his 2014 book, The Base of the Iceberg: Informal Learningand Its Impact on Formal and Non-formal Learning, the desire for assimilation can sometimes lead toconformism rather than adopting a reflective stance, potentially resulting in regressive attitudes suchas racism, sexism, or violence, which deviate from the principles and values of a democratic society.The context is crucial in this issue.It thus appears imperative to consider contexts that promote critical informal learning, that is, learningbased on rationality, as suggested, for example, by Habermas in his Theory of Communicative Action(1987). This reflection becomes even more crucial in the face of the threat of misinformation and,more generally, the destabilization that our democratic societies are experiencing. In this perspective,the public library, as envisaged by the 1994 manifesto of the United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization (UNESCO), revised in 2022, appears to play a central role.The primary objective of this work is to discern the critical dimension, according to Habermas, of theinformal learning context within the public library. To this end, we analyze, among other aspects, theeducational intention manifested in this context, as defined by Carré in his 2020 book about learnance,Pourquoi et comment les adultes apprennent: De la formation à l'apprenance. The second objective isto gather experiences of « critical » informal learning from the public. For this purpose, a survey isconducted among the public of public libraries. Finally, we adopt a comparative approach betweenQuebec (Canada) and Corsica (France), as this approach is considered one of the most fruitfulmethods for analyzing institutions and social practices, according to the work edited by Lallement andSpurk, Stratégies de la comparaison internationale (2003)

AbstractRelying on a structured comparison of the various Stateless Nationalist and Regionalist Parties (SNRPs) in the Basque Country (Spain), Corsica (France), South Tyrol (Italy), and Scotland and Wales (UK) I show that these parties engage, through processes of ‘othering’, in the creation of a hierarchy of diversities, differentiating between markers of diversity based on the perceived proximity of immigrants to the collective identity of the in-group, as well as their constructed distance to the identity of the state in which the minority region is situated. Hence, the construction of ‘wanted’ and ‘unwanted’ migrants and, in the long run, ‘wanted’ and ‘unwanted’ citizens, reflects the perceived potential of newcomers to strengthen the SNRPs’ vision of the territory, their nationalist mobilization and their nation-building project, which then becomes the salient criterion for the inclusion or exclusion of migrants into the construction of regional citizenship.