Bibliographies thématiques / Copper induatry and trade

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Copper induatry and trade »

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Publié le 26 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Copper induatry and trade"

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HANCOCK, R. G. V., L. A. PAVLISH, R. M. FARQUHAR, R. SALLOUM, W. A. FOX et G. C. WILSON. « DISTINGUISHING EUROPEAN TRADE COPPER AND NORTH-EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE COPPER ». Archaeometry 33, no 1 (février 1991) : 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1991.tb00686.x.

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van de Mieroop, Marc, et Jan Gerrit Dercksen. « The Old Assyrian Copper Trade in Anatolia ». American Journal of Archaeology 101, no 4 (octobre 1997) : 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506838.

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Solar, Peter M., et Klas Rönnbäck. « Copper sheathing and the British slave trade ». Economic History Review 68, no 3 (23 novembre 2014) : 806–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12085.

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Huang, Yumeng. « Evolution of global strategic mineral resources trade pattern : a case study of copper ». BCP Business & ; Management 25 (30 août 2022) : 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v25i.1895.

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As an important industrial raw material, copper is not only widely used in electrical, light industry, machinery manufacturing, transportation and other fields, but also plays an irreplaceable role in construction, national defense and information and communication fields. In particular, the proportion of electrical and light industry in copper consumption is increasing. This paper combs the copper industry chain, introduces the construction of copper trade network, and analyzes the copper trade pattern and the status of major economies in detail.
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Carré, Guillaume. « Copper in the Early-Modern Sino-Japanese Trade ». East Asian Science, Technology and Society 12, no 4 (31 octobre 2018) : 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-4386942.

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Alvaro, Rendy. « PENGARUH NILAI KURS, INFLASI, DAN PDB TERHADAP EKSPOR TEMBAGA DI INDONESIA ». Jurnal Budget : Isu dan Masalah Keuangan Negara 4, no 1 (27 décembre 2022) : 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jbudget.v4i1.32.

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In the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan, the direction of policies and strategies for developing national trade capacity are carried out through two pillars of policy direction, namely the development of domestic trade and the development of foreign trade. Due to sluggish global conditions Indonesia’s export declines significantly. This study aims to analyze the effects of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on copper exports in Indonesia. Method to analyse effects of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on Copper Exports in Indonesia is by using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that the exchange rate, inflation and GDP together have a significant effect on Indonesia's copper exports.
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Tercero Espinoza, Luis A., et Marcel Soulier. « An examination of copper contained in international trade flows ». Mineral Economics 29, no 2-3 (13 octobre 2016) : 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-016-0087-2.

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Емельянов, А. А., Н. Р. Кельчевская, К. А. Попова et И. С. Пелымская. « ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF COPPER-IN-STOCK IN THE US ECONOMY ». Surgut State University Journal 11, no 2 (2023) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35266/2312-3419-2023-2-31-37.

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The article analyzes the amount of copper-in-stock as a part of finished articles in the US economy from 1900 to 2017. In addition, an assessment of the external trade of copper as a part of finished articles is conducted. All of that allows collecting a non-biased assessment of copper-in-stock in the US economy. The results obtained demonstrate an increase in specific (per capita) copper-in-stock in the US economy and an assessment of potential copper resources in terms of the circular economy. The authors conclude that an analysis of copper consumption should be accompanied by an analysis of copper as a part of finished articles movement in the external trade during the global value chain spread. That strategy will provide a more nonbiased assessment of copper-in-stock in the economy in order to determine its recycling potential.
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Killick, David. « Tracing Ingombe Ilede's trade connections ». Antiquity 91, no 358 (août 2017) : 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.100.

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McIntosh and Fagan (above) write that “For 45 years, Ingombe Ilede has been viewed as a key nexus linking the Copperbelt and Great Zimbabwe”. Some regional specialists have not believed this since the publication of Swan's (2007) important review of the sizes and shapes of prehistoric copper ingots found in modern Zimbabwe. Swan noted that both of the ingot moulds found at Great Zimbabwe (which have a clear stylistic connection to the Copperbelt) are of the earlier HIH style (ninth to fourteenth centuries AD; de Maret 1995; Nikis & Livingstone Smith in press). But neither the later HXR-style copper ingots (fourteenth to seventeenth centuries)—some of which were excavated at Ingombe Ilede—nor the moulds to make them have been found on a Zimbabwe tradition site. The distribution of HXR ingots within the modern nation of Zimbabwe is almost exclusively in the north, within the former territory of the Mutapa state (Swan 2007: fig. 2). The clear implication is that the HXR ingot style—and thus the elite burials at Ingombe Ilede—post-date the breakup of the state ruled from Great Zimbabwe, which gave birth to the Mutapa (northern) and Torwa (southern) states. The new radiocarbon dates by McIntosh and Fagan provide welcome confirmation of this inference.
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Onetto, Cristobal A., Dariusz R. Kutyna, Radka Kolouchova, Jane McCarthy, Anthony R. Borneman et Simon A. Schmidt. « SO2 and copper tolerance exhibit an evolutionary trade-off in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ». PLOS Genetics 19, no 3 (28 mars 2023) : e1010692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010692.

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Copper tolerance and SO2 tolerance are two well-studied phenotypic traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetic bases of these traits are the allelic expansion at the CUP1 locus and reciprocal translocation at the SSU1 locus, respectively. Previous work identified a negative association between SO2 and copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeasts. Here we probe the relationship between SO2 and copper tolerance and show that an increase in CUP1 copy number does not always impart copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeast. Bulk-segregant QTL analysis was used to identify variance at SSU1 as a causative factor in copper sensitivity, which was verified by reciprocal hemizygosity analysis in a strain carrying 20 copies of CUP1. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis demonstrated that SSU1 over-expression did not suppress CUP1 transcription or constrain protein production and provided evidence that SSU1 over-expression induced sulfur limitation during exposure to copper. Finally, an SSU1 over-expressing strain exhibited increased sensitivity to moderately elevated copper concentrations in sulfur-limited medium, demonstrating that SSU1 over-expression burdens the sulfate assimilation pathway. Over-expression of MET 3/14/16, genes upstream of H2S production in the sulfate assimilation pathway increased the production of SO2 and H2S but did not improve copper sensitivity in an SSU1 over-expressing background. We conclude that copper and SO2 tolerance are conditional traits in S. cerevisiae and provide evidence of the metabolic basis for their mutual exclusivity. These findings suggest an evolutionary driver for the extreme amplification of CUP1 observed in some yeasts.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Copper induatry and trade"

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Dercksen, Jan Gerrit. « The old Assyrian copper trade in Anatolia / ». Istanbul : Leiden : Nederlands historisch-archaeologisch instituut te Istanbul ; Nederlands instituut voor het nabije oosten, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37173725z.

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Shelnutt, John Paul. « Transition in the world primary copper industry, 1975-1990 ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41997845.html.

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Jones, Michael Rice. « Oxhide ingots, copper production, and the mediterranean trade in copper and other metals in the bronze age ». Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5957.

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The production and trade in copper and bronze was one of the major features of the complex societies in the Near East and Mediterranean during the third to first millennia B.C. While finished metal objects are common finds from the period, ancient metal ingots and hoards of scrap metal, as well as archaeological evidence of metallurgical activities, are often more important sources of information for how ancient technology and trade functioned. Shipwrecks, particularly those found off the coast of Turkey at Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya, as well as mining and smelting sites in the Mediterranean region, provide invaluable information on the production and trade of copper and tin, the main ingredients of bronze. In this thesis, I examine the evolution of the copper trade in the eastern and central Mediterranean, particularly during the Late Bronze Age, when ‘oxhide’ ingots were widely exported. Finds of oxhide ingots have increased dramatically in recent years, and no synthesis of all of this newly available evidence is currently available. I attempt to analyze this new evidence in relation to older finds and research, with a particular focus on the cargo of the Uluburun shipwreck, the largest collection of Bronze Age metal ingots from a single site in the Mediterranean. The history of oxhide ingot production is complex, but by the Late Bronze Age Cyprus was supplying much of the copper used to neighboring regions, with revolutionary effects on societies in Cyprus and elsewhere. The archaeological evidence shows that oxhide ingots are early examples of a standardized industrial product made for export by emerging state-level societies during the second millennium B.C. and fueled the development of international trade, metallurgical technology, and complex social institutions in a variety of Mediterranean societies from Egypt and the Levant, Greece, Cyprus, to Sardinia in the central Mediterranean.
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Hsu, Yiu-Kang. « Dynamic flows of copper and copper alloys across the prehistoric Eurasian steppe from 2000 to 300 BCE ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6e7b95e-b852-4e38-8793-76d817149ce9.

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The study of ancient Eurasian metallurgy has been suffering from (or preoccupied by) two conventional perspectives. One is that of the diffusion model emphasising the importance of the settled empires of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, of south-eastern Europe and of China (Shennan 1986, 1993; Kristiansen 1984). The supremacy of these 'cradles' of early civilisation is marked not only by social hierarchies, but also by technological inventions such as metal production. This view sees the mobile populations of the Eurasian steppe as occupying the "hinterland" of these early settled states in the south, believing that the emergence of metal technologies in the Steppe was the result of the expansions of "advanced" civilisations. The second perspective is rooted in the provenance study which traces metal objects back to their geological sources (Pernicka 2014). It assumes that chemical and isotopic composition of metal is static and only reflects a simple linear relationship between artefacts and specific ore deposits. Drawing from a legacy database of approximately 9,000 chemical analyses of copper-based artefacts, this thesis rejects the simplicity of both the diffusion and the provenance models. While admitting that the use of metal might have originated from western Asia, the development of metallurgy in the Eurasian steppe should be understood on its own terms. It is constantly re-shaped by vigorous circulation of metal artefacts across mobile communities on a regional or inter-regional scale. This observation is based on the application of a new innovative framework to interpret the patterns of compositional data (Bray et al. 2015). This novel method argues that metal can flow, quite literally, from one object to another as it is re-melted, re-mixed and re-cast in different shapes and colours, depending on different social contexts. Thermodynamic modelling and modern experiments have shown that during the copper melt, some volatile elements in copper alloys (e.g. arsenic, antimony, and zinc) are preferentially removed through oxidative loss. Instead, some elements, such as silver, nickel, and gold, tend to be preserved in metals. These predictable patterns of elemental losses provide valuable information to trace the directional flow of metal units between regions/cultures, if we combine chemical data of metal artefacts properly with archaeological context, landscape and chronology. By using this new methodology, several routes of copper supplies have been identified in the Steppe during different periods. They feature the exchange of metals within regional networks, fuelled by local copper sources. The Urals, central Kazakhstan, the Altai, and the Minusinsk-Tuva regions were the primary copper production centres that developed distinct trace-element chemistry and artefact typology. By contrast, alloying techniques employed by steppe peoples, generally demonstrate the long-distance connections based on two major metallurgical practices: arsenical copper in the western steppe and tin-bronze in the eastern steppe. Copper-arsenic production was concentrated in the Caucasus but the recycling of its arsenical copper became more apparent further away towards the Urals. On the other hand, the invention of tin-bronze metallurgy was triggered by the formation of the Seima-Turbino phenomenon (c. 2100- 1800/1700 BC) in the Altai, and this alloying tradition was amplified by the emergence of the Andronovo culture (c. 1700-1400 BC) in the Ural-Kazakh steppe. Tin-bronze ornaments, in particular, were exchanged between eastern and western mobile communities over a considerable distance, through the mechanism of pastoral seasonal movements. In conclusion, traditional views of diffusion and provenance theories cannot be uncritically applied to the inception of ancient metallurgy in the Eurasian steppe. Mobile pastoralists developed multi-regional production hubs based on the accessibility of ore resources and the variations in subsistence strategies. Although steppe metalwork revealed some technological borrowings from settled communities, steppe peoples had transformed them into locally adapted products that could fit into their socio-economic systems. That is, when dealing with the issues of Eurasian metallurgy, we should acknowledge the complexity of human engagement with metal and look into subtler differences in cultural context, landscape, and ideology.
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Cánepa, Guanilo Rodolfo Alejandro, et Memoli Adriana Revilla. « Impacto del volumen exportado del cobre en el comercio intrarregional y extrarregional del bloque regional Alianza del Pacífico entre los años 2013 y 2018 ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652728.

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La Alianza del Pacífico es un bloque regional fundado en el 2011 y conformado por Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Este bloque ha tenido un gran éxito a nivel internacional no solo por su cooperación, sino por saber sobrellevar sus diferencias políticas e ideológicas. Su meta es la creación de un área de integración profunda por medio de la libre circulación de bienes, servicios, capitales y personas, exonerando las barreras arancelarias, así como el impulso al crecimiento, desarrollo y competitividad. Estos mismos factores son los que han ayudado a mejorar sus métodos de comercio tanto intrarregional como extrarregional, siendo de la larga lista de productos beneficiados el Cobre, commodity mineral que ha crecido en exportaciones, y cuyos principales países productores se encuentran en este acuerdo. Para esta investigación se tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis de la influencia del volumen exportado del cobre en el comercio intrarregional y extrarregional del bloque regional Alianza del Pacífico. Es por ello que se ha realizado una investigación mixta, la cual se divide por un lado en el estudio cuantitativo, con datos del comercio intrarregional y extrarregional de este bloque y el volumen del cobre exportado, y por otro lado la investigación cualitativa la cual se encuentra conformada por entrevistas a expertos en el tema, recopilando sus opiniones y realizando una comparación entre ellas. Como resultado de los datos recopilados se concluye que las exportaciones en volumen de este commodity si generan una influencia en el comercio intrarregional, más no en el extrarregional.
The Pacific Alliance is a regional block founded in 2011 and formed by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. This agreement has been highly successful at the international level not only for its cooperation, but for knowing how to cope with its political and ideological differences. Its goal is to create an area of ​​deep integration through the free movement of goods, services, capital and people, exonerating tariff barriers, as well as promoting growth, development and competitiveness. These same factors are the ones that have helped to improve its trading methods both intraregional and extraregional, being from the long list of beneficiary products Copper, a mineral commodity that has grown in exports, and whose main producing countries are in this agreement. The objective of this research is to carry out an analysis of the influence of the exported volume of copper on the intraregional and extraregional trade of the Pacific Alliance regional block. That is why a mixed investigation has been carried out, which is divided on one hand into the quantitative study, with data on the intraregional and extraregional trade of this block and the volume of copper exported, and on the other hand the qualitative research which includes interviews with experts on the subject, compiling their opinions and making a comparison among them. As a result of the data collected, it is concluded that the volume exported of this commodity do influence the intraregional trade, but not extraregional trade.
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Read, Robert. « The determinants of intra-firm trade in intermediate products : case studies of the synthetic fibre, copper and banana export industries ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284096.

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Quezada, Reyes Víctor Alejandro. « Pretreatment to the leaching of copper sulphides minerals in oxidizing media ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670663.

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La producción chilena de cobre procede de la hidrometalurgia y la concentración; el concentrado de cobre es tratado tradicionalmente mediante pirometalurgia. De acuerdo a Cochilco, el cobre producido en el año 2019, vía hidrometalurgia, fue un 27.3% del cobre chileno producido. Sin embargo, se prevé que esta aporte baje a un 11.6% para el año 2029, debido al agotamiento de los óxidos de cobre y la aparición de los sulfuros, principalmente calcopirita, siendo este mineral refractario a condiciones convencionales de lixiviación. Una opción para mejorar la eficiencia de lixiviación es el pretratamiento, especialmente el efecto del tiempo de curado. Esta variable mejora la cinética de disolución, principalmente en minerales sulfurados de cobre, sin embargo, existe escasa investigación al respecto. Estudios sobre el pretratamiento evalúan el efecto en la eficiencia de lixiviación pero no antes. Además, las reacciones que gobiernan estos fenómenos no han sido identificadas. Así, el objetivo de esta tesis es la evaluación del efecto del curado ácido en la extracción de cobre desde minerales sulfurados en condiciones oxidantes y en la presencia de cloruro. Muestras puras de calcopirita, calcosina y un mineral industrial de mina han sido utilizadas. Se desarrollaron pruebas evaluando el efecto del tiempo de curado y la concentración de KNO3, NaCl y H2SO4 y analizadas por ANOVA (calcopirita). Los productos formados en el pretratamiento (aglomerados) se caracterizaron utilizando diversas técnicas, tales como: Difracción de rayos X, Microscopio electrónico de barrido y Microscopia de luz reflejada. Además, el efecto del pretratamiento ha sido evaluado en la eficiencia de lixiviación a varias temperaturas, los residuos de lixiviación también han sido caracterizados. En el pretratamiento, el mineral de calcopirita y de mina, bajo las condiciones utilizadas en este estudio (15 kg/t of H2SO4, 25 kg/t of NaCl y 15 días de tiempo de curado), los siguientes productos fueron identificados: CuSO4, NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, Cu2Cl(OH) y S. Sobre la calcosina, bajo las condiciones utilizadas en este estudio, con 30 kg/t of H2SO4, 40 kg/t of NaCl y 7 días de tiempo de curado, los productos identificados fueron: Cu1.75S, Cu(OH)Cl, Na2SO4 and CuSO4. Finalmente, el pretratamiento mejora la eficiencia de lixiviación, entre 4 y 6%, alcanzando una extracción de cobre de 94% desde la calcopirita a 90 °C, fortaleciendo la hidrometalurgia como alternativa de tratamiento para minerales sulfurados de cobre.
Copper production in Chile is developed by hydrometallurgical and concentration; copper concentrates are traditionally treated by the pyrometallurgical route. According to Cochilco, copper produced in 2019 by hydrometallurgical process represent a 27.3% of Chilean total copper production. However, this contribution is estimated to decrease to 11.6% by 2029, due to the depletion of copper oxides and the appearance of copper sulphides, mainly chalcopyrite, being this mineral refractory to conventional leaching conditions. An alternative to improve leaching efficiency is pretreatment prior to leaching, especially the effect of curing time. This variable can increases the kinetics of copper extraction, especially in sulphides ores, however, there is limited research about it. Studies on pretreatment evaluate the effect on leaching efficiency but not previous leaching. Furthermore, the reactions that govern this phenomenon have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is the evaluation of the effect of acid curing on the copper extraction from sulphides minerals in oxidizing media and in presence of chloride. A pure sample of chalcopyrite, chalcocite and a mine ore were used. Tests evaluating the effect of curing time, KNO3, NaCl and H2SO4 concentration have been carried out. The chalcopyrite sample effect was evaluated by ANOVA. The product generated in the pretreatment (agglomerates) has been characterized using different characterization techniques, such as: X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Reflection Optical Microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of pretreatment has been evaluated on the leaching efficiency at different temperatures, leaching residues have also been characterized. In the pretreatment of the chalcopyrite sample and mine ore, under the conditions of 15 kg/t of H2SO4, 25 kg/t of NaCl and 15 days of curing time, the following products were identified: CuSO4, NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, Cu2Cl(OH) and S0. Regarding the chalcocite sample, under the conditions of with 30 kg/t of H2SO4, 40 kg/t of NaCl and 7 days of curing time, the following products were identified: Cu1.75S, Cu(OH)Cl, Na2SO4 and CuSO4. Finally, copper sulphides ore pretreatment improved leaching efficiency, between 4 and 6%, reaching a copper dissolution of 94% from chalcopyrite at 90 °C, strengthening the hydrometallurgy as an alternative treatment for copper sulphides ores.
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Lattanzi, Gregory Denis. « THE VALUE OF RECIPROCITY : COPPER, EXCHANGE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGION OF THE EASTERN WOODLANDS OF NORTH AMERICA ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/237820.

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Anthropology
Ph.D.
Native Americans in the Eastern Woodlands participated in extensive trade networks with their surrounding neighbors, beginning over 4,500 years ago. Lithics, perishable goods, exotics, and knowledge have crisscrossed the landscape throughout prehistory. By determining a general region from which copper artifacts originated and linking it with the location of their use and eventual discard, this research reveals "trade" patterns and thus advances our understanding of culture change in the Eastern Woodlands. This project focuses on evaluating the nature and extent of this interaction using copper artifacts from Early to Middle Woodland period sites within the Middle Atlantic region. These sites include Abbott Farm and Rosenkrans Ferry in New Jersey and Nassawango in Maryland. This study uses laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to examine trace-element concentrations of copper in artifacts and thus tests existing regional models of prehistoric exchange. By examining the elemental composition of copper this study was able to determine whether the artifacts from these sites were made on raw material from single or multiple geological sources, and where those sources might be located. The elemental study showed that geologic sources of copper represented by the artifacts found on a site could have come from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, North Carolina and Canada. These geological sources are all located within the eastern United States. This helped to clarify how native peoples in the Middle Atlantic Region acquired copper and whether current reconstructions of ancient patterns of trade could account for the regional distribution of copper artifacts. A series of expectations based on interpretations of the chemical data were constructed to evaluate existing exchange models. Certain aspects of the exchange models did hold up in light of this study. A broad-based (down the line) exchange network was identified for the Early Woodland site examined in this study. Similarly, broad-based exchange networks were seen at Middle Woodland sites; with the addition of a more complex focused exchange network with copper coming from within the region. This means that prehistoric groups in this region, while they appear to exhibit signs of increased socio-cultural complexity, provide stronger evidence of a reciprocally shared ideology based on probable kin relations. Similarly, these results agree with previous copper sourcing studies carried out in the mid-continent. Identifying the provenance of artifacts used in exchange networks is important for understanding interactions among prehistoric groups and the impact of these networks on social organization. Furthermore, by combining geological, archaeological, and anthropological data this research elucidates processes of material resource acquisition and determines if they change through time. Research into the identification of raw material sources, the archaeological context of exotic artifacts, the movement of those artifacts between groups, and the significance or value attached to those artifacts through the act of exchange all contribute to an understanding of prehistoric behavioral and social processes.
Temple University--Theses
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Sadagopan, Rishi S. « Effect of copper and nickel on the performance of an activated sludge system treating cellulose acetate wastewater ». Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020122/.

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Delaney, Nathan. « Copper Capitalism : The Making of a Transatlantic Market in Metals, 1870-1930 ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1526067114476348.

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Livres sur le sujet "Copper induatry and trade"

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Rowlands, John. Copper mountain. [Anglesey] : Stone Science Anglesey, 2002.

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CIM, Metallurgical Society of, Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas de Chile., Universidad de Chile, Copper 87 Conference (1987 : Viña del Mar, Chile) et Symposium on Copper Pyrometallurgy (1987 : Viña del Mar, Chile), dir. Copper 87. Santiago, Chile : Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas, Universidad de Chile, 1987.

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United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., dir. Copper, technology & competitiveness. Washington, DC : Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., dir. Copper, technology & competitiveness. Washington, D.C : Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1988.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Copper smelting and refining. [Ottawa] : Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Copper smelting and refining. Ottawa : Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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ICRA Information, Grading, and Research Service., dir. The Indian copper industry. Gurgaon : ICRA Information, Grading, and Research Service, 2006.

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Courter, Ellis W. Michigan's copper country. Lansing, Mich : Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division, 1994.

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Joseph, Günter. Copper : Its trade, manufacture, use, and environmental status. Materials Park, Ohio : ASM International, 1999.

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Perritano, John. Copper. Broomall, PA : Mason Crest, 2015.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Copper induatry and trade"

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Shimada, Ryuto. « The golden age of Japanese copper* ». Dans Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market, 24–36. London : Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203086506-5.

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Peng, Hao. « Copper Trading by Qing China’s Official Merchants and Affiliated Trading Group ». Dans Trade Relations between Qing China and Tokugawa Japan, 85–98. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7685-6_6.

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Glamann, Kristof. « The Dutch East India Company′s Trade in Japanese Copper, 1645–1736 ». Dans Metals and Monies in an Emerging Global Economy, 95–133. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315249094-6.

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Klassen, Stanley, et Andrew J. Danielson. « Copper Trade Networks from the Arabah : Re-assessing the Impact on Early Iron Age Moab ». Dans “And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12), 1201–26. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27330-8_51.

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David, Chaim Ben. « The Negev Highlands –– A Corridor for the Copper and Incense Trade during Nonconsecutive Periods between the Chalcolithic and Roman Periods ». Dans “And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12), 1227–54. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27330-8_52.

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« Copper ». Dans Commodity Trade and Finance, 319–31. Informa Law from Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315767413-16.

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« Less Copper, More Shoppe ». Dans Tourists and Trade, 147–55. SUNY Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781438493305-012.

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« The Copper Company : ». Dans The Swedish Monarchy and the Copper Trade, 141–64. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.17381689.9.

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Mikesell, Raymond F. « Recent Changes in Copper Production, Trade and Industrial Organization ». Dans The Global Copper Industry, 18–36. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315108544-2.

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« The Economics of the Japanese Copper Trade ». Dans The Intra-Asian Trade in Japanese Copper by the Dutch East India Company during the Eighteenth Century, 129–49. BRILL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047417583_s012.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Copper induatry and trade"

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Congcong Wang. « A social network analysis of international trade of copper ore ». Dans 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5655823.

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Kirkby, R. H. « Copper pair transmission : the trade-off between reach and capacity ». Dans IEE Colloquium on Optical and Hybrid Access Networks. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960325.

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Tailor, Satish, Ankur Modi et S. C. Modi. « Development of Thermal Sprayed Thin Copper Coatings ». Dans ITSC2018, sous la direction de F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Li, T. Eden, K. Shinoda, T. Hussain, F. L. Toma, Y. C. Lau et J. Veilleux. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2018p0811.

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Abstract Thermal spraying technologies are widely used to fabricate quality thick metallic and ceramic coatings for various applications. In all sectors of the industry today, demands better, faster and cheaper methods of production, as it seems that manufacturing demands are ever-increasing. However, if the coating thicknesses below 50 microns are demanded as the result of economic or technological requirements, this often constitutes a challenge for the established thermal spraying processes. For this purpose, in the present work, an attempt has been made to deposit a thin metallic coating below 40 microns by thermal spraying through wire feedstock materials rather than using an expensive powder as feedstock. For a broad spectrum of copper (Cu) applications, Cu is deposited on the low carbon steel substrates using fast, easy and economical Wire-High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (W-HVOF) thermal spray system (trade name-HIJET 9610). As-sprayed coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for phase and microstructural analysis respectively. Coating surface roughness and porosity were also measured. Adhesion strength tests were conducted to determine the bond strength of the as-sprayed coatings. Results show that the coating deposited by W-HVOF has acceptable properties and gain a direct economic advantage and time-saving process, often over established thin coating techniques like plating.
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Lall, Pradeep, Shantanu Deshpande et Luu Nguyen. « Copper, Silver, and PCC Wirebonds Reliability in Automotive Underhood Environments ». Dans ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8358.

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Wire bonding is popular first-level interconnect method used in the semiconductor device packaging. Gold (Ag) wire is often used in high-reliability applications. Typical wire diameters vary between 0.8mil to 2mil. Recent increases in the gold-price have motivated the industry to search for alternate materials candidates for use in wirebonding. Three of the leading candidates are Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), and Palladium Coated Copper (PCC). The new material candidates are inexpensive in comparison with gold and may have better electrical, and thermal properties, which is advantageous for fine pitch-high density electronics. The transition, however, comes along with few trade-offs such as narrow process window, higher wire-hardness, increased propensity for chip-cratering, lack of reliability knowledge base of when deployed in harsh environment applications. Relationship between mechanical degradation of the wirebond and the change in electric response needs to be established for better understanding of the failure modes and their respective mechanisms. Understanding the physics of damage progression may provide insights into the process parameters for manufacture of more robust interconnects. In this paper, a detailed study of the electrical and mechanical degradation of wirebonds under high temperature exposure is presented. Four wirebond candidates (Au, Ag, Cu and PCC) bonded onto Aluminum (Al) pad were subjected to high temperature storage life until failure to study the degradation of the bond-wire interface. Same package architecture and electronic molding compound (EMC) were used for all four candidates. Detailed analysis of intermetallic (IMC) phase evolution is presented along with quantification of the phases and their evolution over time. Ball shear strength was measured after decapsulation. Measurements of shear strength, shear failure modes, and IMC composition have been correlated with the change in the electrical response. Change in shear strength and different shear failure modes for different wirebond systems are discussed in the paper.
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Wetherhold, Robert C., Elena Pisanova et Hani Alarifi. « Rapid Spray Method for Improving Cu-Epoxy Interface Strength ». Dans ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37690.

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A simple spray method using a plain orifice atomizer has been developed for depositing γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) from solutions in water and in methanol onto copper surfaces. The peel strengths between copper foil and epoxy resin were measured with and without APS deposition. In all cases, a higher concentration of APS gives higher peel strength. APS applied from 1 wt% solution in methanol resulted in higher peel strength than when applied from a 1 wt% aqueous solution; the opposite was true with 0.2 wt% APS solutions, indicating a trade-off between deposited APS film thickness and surface coverage. APS was very effective when chemisorption occurred at the surface but much less effective when there was only physisorption. A study of the fracture surfaces showed that the failure is cohesive, inside the epoxy layer, and that the deposited APS on the copper surfaces had a long-range effect which was seen deep in the epoxy layer, well away from the copper surface.
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Lall, Pradeep, Shantanu Deshpande et Luu Nguyen. « High Temperature Storage and HAST Reliability of Copper-Aluminum Wirebond Interconnects ». Dans ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39524.

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Gold wire bonding has been widely used as first-level interconnect in semiconductor packaging. The increase in the gold price has motivated the industry search for alternative to the gold wire used in wire bonding and the transition to copper wire bonding technology. Potential advantages of transition to Cu-Al wire bond system includes low cost of copper wire, lower thermal resistivity, lower electrical resistivity, higher deformation strength, damage during ultrasonic squeeze, and stability compared to gold wire. However, the transition to the copper wire brings along some trade-offs including poor corrosion resistance, narrow process window, higher hardness, and potential for cratering. Formation of excessive Cu-Al intermetallics may increase electrical resistance and reduce the mechanical bonding strength. Current state-of-art for studying the Cu-Al system focuses on accumulation of statistically significant number of failures under accelerated testing. In this paper, a new approach has been developed to identify the occurrence of impending apparently-random defect fall-outs and pre-mature failures observed in the Cu-Al wirebond system. The use of intermetallic thickness, composition and corrosion as a leading indicator of failure for assessment of remaining useful life for Cu-al wirebond interconnects has been studied under exposure to high temperature and temperature-humidity. Damage in wire bonds has been studied using x-ray Micro-CT. Microstructure evolution was studied under isothermal aging conditions of 150°C, 175°C, and 200°C till failure. Activation energy was calculated using growth rate of intermetallic at different temperatures. Effect of temperature and humidity on Cu-Al wirebond system was studied using Parr Bomb technique at different elevated temperature and humidity conditions (110°C/ 100%RH, 120°C/ 100%RH, 130°C/ 100%RH) and failure mechanism was developed. The present methodology uses evolution of the IMC thickness, composition in conjunction with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to identify accrued damage in wire bond subjected to thermal aging. The proposed method can be used for quick assessment of Cu-Al parts to ensure manufactured part consistency through sampling.
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Stewart, Rick J. « The Glorious Revolution, Bristol and Engine Development in Cornwall 1688-1730s ». Dans 2nd International Early Engines Conference. International Early Engines Conference & ISSES, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54267/ieec2-2-02.

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The Glorious Revolution of 1688/1689 set in train changes in English political and economic culture that acted as a significant catalyst for the development of deep copper mining in Cornwall. The adoption of improved water engines and, latterly, atmospheric engines was fundamental in meeting the drainage challenges faced as miners delved ever deeper in their search for copper ore. The increasing application of pumping technology required significant capital investment which was not available from inside Cornwall. Much of the capital to develop copper mining was supplied by Bristol merchants and industrialists who were benefiting from an economic boom occasion by the aforementioned economic and political changes. Most notable was the deregulation of the slave trade which allowed Bristol to eclipse London as England's primary slaving port turning Bristol into an economic powerhouse. A less quantifiable but nonetheless important factor was a growth in confidence in the stability of the post-revolution economy and amongst the entrepreneurial classes giving them the confidence to invest in Cornish deep mining.
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Lall, Pradeep, Aniket Shirgaokar et Jeffrey Suhling. « Models for Component Selection and Thermo-Mechanical Reliability Trade-Offs to Address Component Obsolescence in Military Electronics ». Dans ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68274.

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Product miniaturization trends in microelectronics industry are driving the need for smaller, faster, more reliable, less expensive IC’s. Area array packages have been increasingly targeted for use in harsh environments such as automotive underhood, military and space applications but system-level decision support and part-selection tools and techniques for thermo-mechanical reliability trade-offs while addressing part obsolescence in extreme environments are scarce. The models presented in this paper provide decision guidance for smart selection and substitution to address component obsolescence by perturbing product designs for minimal risk insertion of new packaging technologies. It is conceivable for commercial off the shelf parts to become unavailable during the production-life of a product. Typical Commercial-of-the-Shelf parts are manufactured for a period of two to four years, and IC manufacturing processes are available for five to six years. It is envisioned that the reliability assessment models will enable turn-key evaluation of geometric architecture, material properties, and operating conditions effects on thermo-mechanical reliability. The presented approach enables the evaluation of qualitative parameter interaction effects, which are often ignored in closed-form modeling, have been incorporated in this work. Previously, the feasibility of using multiple linear regression models for reliability prediction has been demonstrated for flex-substrate BGA packages [1, 2], flip-chip packages [3, 4] and ceramic BGA packages [5]. In this paper, principal component regression models (PCR) have been investigated for reliability prediction and part selection of area package architectures under thermo-mechanical loads in conjunction with stepwise regression methods. Package architectures studied include, BGA packages mounted on CU-CORE and NO-CORE printed circuit assemblies in harsh environments. The models have been developed based on thermo-mechanical reliability data acquired on copper-core and no-core assemblies in four different thermal cycling conditions. Solder alloys examined include SnPb and SAC Alloys.
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Moe Føre, Heidi, Stine Wiborg Dahle et Rune H. Gaarder. « Tensile Strength of Nylon Netting Subjected to Various Concentrations of Disinfecting Chemicals ». Dans ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61519.

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This paper presents a study of traditional netting materials subjected to disinfecting chemicals during fish farming and treatment of net cages. A series of tests were performed in order to study the effect of various concentrations of disinfecting chemicals on the tensile strength of Raschel knitted Nylon netting materials. Simulated spill of diluted hydrogen peroxide to the jump fence during de-lousing did not affect the strength of the applied new and used knotless nylon netting samples. Hydrogen peroxide reacted with biofouling forming gas bubbles, but this did not result in reduced netting strength. The performed tests did not indicate any effect on netting strength from a simulated single, traditional bath disinfection as performed at service stations applying the disinfectant Aqua Des containing peracetic acid. However, increasing the Aqua Des concentration from 1 to 10 % resulted in a strength reduction of 3–6 %. Simulated spill of concentrated Aqua Des on the jump fence of a net with copper coating residuals resulted in a severe reduction in strength of 45 %. This strength loss was probably a consequence of chemical reaction between copper and Aqua Des, and uncoated netting did not experience any loss in strength subjected to the same chemical exposure. These findings from application of Aqua Des should also apply to other peracetic acid disinfection chemicals with trade names as for example Perfectoxid and Addi Aqua.
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Reynolds, Paul. « Early Colliery Engines at Swansea, 1730 - c1840 ». Dans 2nd International Early Engines Conference. International Early Engines Conference & ISSES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54267/ieec2-1-05.

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In general terms, large scale exploitation of the south Wales coalfield did not start until the second quarter of the nineteenth century, well past the period where the Newcomen-type engine would have featured in colliery installations. However, the coal trade in those areas of the coalfield within easy reach of navigable rivers and seas developed much earlier and was well established by the Tudor period. The area in and around Swansea was one of these areas and by the seventeenth century was the UKs third largest coal exporting port. Development of the copper industry in the following century for which Swansea was renowned, encouraged further development of coal mining locally, bringing with it capital from external sources. From 1730 onwards, a significant number of Newcomen-type engines were erected locally and this account describes the background and context for the approximately 48 engines erected between 1730 and 1840.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Copper induatry and trade"

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Blyde, Juan S., et Mauricio Mesquita Moreira. Chile's Integration Strategy : Is There Room for Improvement ? Inter-American Development Bank, octobre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011112.

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What are the main issues in Chile's trade agenda? This paper argues that the country's agenda does not lend itself to that traditional kind of policy advice usually given throughout Latin America. Protection is low and uniform, institutions that govern trade policy are strong and well protected from capture and the country has put a lot of effort in opening markets in the region and abroad. The important issues that come out of the analysis are to a great extent, "second generational". That is: export diversification, the regional distribution of trade gains, completion of the "multidimensional" trade strategy and transport costs. Whereas Chile has made progress in diversifying its exports away from copper, concentration is still high even when compared to other resource intensive countries. On the regional issue, it seems clear that Chile's export-led growth in the last two decades was not evenly distributed across the regions. On Chile's "multidimensional" trade strategy, Asia is clearly the missing link in the country's wide net of preferential agreements and the evidence available suggest that transport costs are these days a more important obstacle to Chile's trade than traditional trade barriers.
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