Articles de revues : « Conversion vocale »

1

Thamrin, Lily. « Phonological Description of Teochew Dialect in Pontianak West Kalimantan ». Lingua Cultura 14, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2020) : 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v14i2.6600.

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The research aimed to describe the phonological system of the Pontianak Teochew dialect spoken by the Chinese community in West Kalimantan, including vocals, consonants, and tones, using descriptive method. The phonological escription in question included both phonetic and phonemic descriptions with the subject of language that objectively and accurately describes the current aspects of Teochew’s phonology. The phonetic system of the Pontianak Teochew language would be articulately identified based on the way sounds are formed by human speech tools, namely through consonants, vocals and diphthong. The research data were obtained from three Pontianak Teochew informants who used the Teochew dialect as their daily conversation language. The informants were around 70-75 years old. Based on the research results, there are 18 consonant phonemes, 88 vocal phonemes, and eight tones. The research results show that the Pontianak Teochew dialect has its own characteristics that distinguish it from the other regional Teochew dialects.

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Vevia Romero, Fernando Carlos. « Nostalgia de la conversación ». Argos 6, n^o 17 (1 janvier 2019) : 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/argos.v6.n19.14a19.

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Toda la vida sólo escuchando. ¿A quién? A la autoridad en todas sus formas; las más burdas y las más sutiles. Luego, más tarde, sólo oír. Oír, no escuchar. Con órdenes estrictas a las neuronas para no almacenar la información oída. Con los músculos faciales entrenados para poner cara interesante, mientras la conciencia dormita. Luego resultó que es mucho peor hablar. Decir, decir, decir. Mover la lengua, los pulmones, las cuerdas vocales... Sentir la señal roja que se prende en el cerebro y advierte:" ¡Atención! ¡Exceso de estupideces!". Hablar de la realidad del mundo que desconozco; de la realidad de los libros que desconozco, de la realidad de los seres humanos que desconozco. Refugio en el silencio para disminuir el número de sandeces dichas por minuto.

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Harris, Taran. « Treating Audio Manipulation Effects like Photoshop : Exploring the Negative Impacts of a Lack of Transparency in Contemporary Vocal Music on Young Learners ». INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology, n^o 8 (15 juillet 2022) : 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51191/issn.2637-1898.2022.5.8.47.

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Amidst the great and rapid advance in digital audio processing over recent decades, a range of new ‘manipulation’ software has problematised the popular music scene, both in terms of authenticity and achievability of performance. This paper will set out to define manipulation effects as separate from the more over-arching umbrella term of staging effects, under which they have been vaguely included for a number of years. By separating out the staging of vocals from the manipulation of their core content, by pitch correction for example, we can more specifically observe their impact on audience reception and vocal pedagogy. The reception element of this research would be largely related to that of authenticity and the presentation of liveness in online video, but this paper will focus on the effect of the unachievable on vocal learners. These could range from confidence issues to serious vocal problems. This paper explores the possibilities of music following the same trajectory as photography, where manipulation is concerned. Photoshop’s usage in media has provoked a great deal of controversy in recent years, with high profile campaigns resulting in legislative changes such as Israel’s Photoshop Law, which imposes certain restrictions for models and a disclaimer requirement for publishers. It’s a possibility that if the music industry were required to provide disclaimers for audio releases and online videos, that there would be more transparency in vocal pedagogy, with the potential for fewer vocal health problems related to copying unachievable performances. The aim of this paper is to open a conversation about the effect of a lack of transparency surrounding audio manipulation so that more can be done to address it.

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Nishimura, Shogo, Takuya Nakamura, Wataru Sato, Masayuki Kanbara, Yuichiro Fujimoto, Hirokazu Kato et Norihiro Hagita. « Vocal Synchrony of Robots Boosts Positive Affective Empathy ». Applied Sciences 11, n^o 6 (11 mars 2021) : 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062502.

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Robots that can talk with humans play increasingly important roles in society. However, current conversation robots remain unskilled at eliciting empathic feelings in humans. To address this problem, we used a robot that speaks in a voice synchronized with human vocal prosody. We conducted an experiment in which human participants held positive conversations with the robot by reading scenarios under conditions with and without vocal synchronization. We assessed seven subjective responses related to affective empathy (e.g., emotional connection) and measured the physiological emotional responses using facial electromyography from the corrugator supercilii and zygomatic major muscles as well as the skin conductance level. The subjective ratings consistently revealed heightened empathic responses to the robot in the synchronization condition compared with that under the de-synchronizing condition. The physiological signals showed that more positive and stronger emotional arousal responses to the robot with synchronization. These findings suggest that robots that are able to vocally synchronize with humans can elicit empathic emotional responses.

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Nirmal, Jagannath, Suprava Patnaik, Mukesh Zaveri et Pramod Kachare. « Complex Cepstrum Based Voice Conversion Using Radial Basis Function ». ISRN Signal Processing 2014 (6 février 2014) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/357048.

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The complex cepstrum vocoder is used to modify the speaker specific characteristics of the source speaker speech to that of the target speaker speech. The low time and high time liftering are used to split the calculated cepstrum into the vocal tract and the source excitation parameters. The obtained mixed phase vocal tract and source excitation parameters with finite impulse response preserve the phase properties of the resynthesized speech frame. The radial basis function is explored to capture the nonlinear mapping function for modifying the complex cepstrum based real and imaginary components of the vocal tract and source excitation of the speech signal. The state-of-the-art Mel cepstrum envelope and the fundamental frequency (F0) are considered to represent the vocal tract and the source excitation of the speech frame, respectively. Radial basis function is used to capture and formulate the nonlinear relations between the Mel cepstrum envelope of the source and target speakers. Mean and standard deviation approach is employed to modify the fundamental frequency (F0). The Mel log spectral approximation filter is used to reconstruct the speech signal from the modified Mel cepstrum envelope and fundamental frequency. A comparison of the proposed complex cepstrum based model has been made with the state-of-the-art Mel Cepstrum Envelope based voice conversion model with objective and subjective evaluations. The evaluation measures reveal that the proposed complex cepstrum based voice conversion system approximate the converted speech signal with better accuracy than the model based on the Mel cepstrum envelope based voice conversion.

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Zeitels, Steven M., Ramon A. Franco, Robert E. Hillman et Glenn W. Bunting. « Voice and Treatment Outcome from Phonosurgical Management of Early Glottic Cancer ». Annals of Otology, Rhinology & ; Laryngology 111, n^o 12_suppl (décembre 2002) : 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489402111s1202.

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Phonosurgical management of early glottic cancer has evolved considerably, but objective vocal outcome data are sparse. A prospective clinical trial was done on 32 patients with unilateral cancer (T1a in 28 and T2a in 4) who underwent ultranarrow-margin resection; 15 had resection superficial to the vocal ligament, and 17 deep to it. The subepithelial infusion technique facilitated selection of these patients for the appropriate procedure. All are cancer-free without radiotherapy or open surgery. Involvement of the anterior commissure (22/32) or the vocal process (15/32) of the arytenoid cartilage did not influence local control. Nine of 17 patients had resection of paraglottic musculature, and all underwent medialization reconstruction by lipoinjection and/or Gore-Tex laryngoplasty. Eight of the 17 had resections deep to the vocal ligament, but without vocalis muscle, and 1 of the 8 underwent medialization. Posttreatment vocal function measures were obtained for all patients. A clear majority of the patients displayed normal values for average fundamental frequency (72%) during connected speech, and normal noise-to-harmonics ratio (75%) and average glottal airflow (91%) measures during sustained vowels. Smaller majorities of patients displayed normal values for average sound pressure level (SPL; 59%) during connected speech and for maximum ranges for fundamental frequency (56%) and SPL (59%). Fewer than half of the patients displayed normal values for sustained vowel measures of jitter (45%), shimmer (22%), and maximum phonation time (34%). Almost all patients had elevated subglottal pressures and reduced values for the ratio of SPL to subglottal pressure (vocal efficiency). There were significant improvements in a majority of patients for most vocal function measures after medialization reconstruction. Normal or near-normal conversation-level voices were achieved in most cases, regardless of the disease depth, by utilization of a spectrum of resection and reconstruction options. These favorable results are based on establishing aerodynamic glottal competency and preserving the layered microstructure of noncancerous glottal tissue.

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Adachi, Seiji, Hironori Takemoto, Tatsuya Kitamura, Parham Mokhtari et Kiyoshi Honda. « Vocal tract length perturbation and its application to male-female vocal tract shape conversion ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, n^o 6 (juin 2007) : 3874–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2730743.

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Vijayan, Karthika, Haizhou Li et Tomoki Toda. « Speech-to-Singing Voice Conversion : The Challenges and Strategies for Improving Vocal Conversion Processes ». IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 36, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2018.2875195.

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Treinkman, Melissa. « A Conversation with Leslie Holmes ». Journal of Singing 80, n^o 1 (15 août 2023) : 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53830/tfcq4189.

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GEIST, ROSE, et SUSAN E. TALLETT. « Diagnosis and Management of Psychogenic Stridor Caused by a Conversion Disorder ». Pediatrics 86, n^o 2 (1 août 1990) : 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.2.315.

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Psychogenic stridor, a recently reported cause of acute upper-airway obstruction, is also known as paradoxical vocal cord motion.1-3 Although reported to occur predominantly among young women,1,2 it has been recognized in both male adolescents and adults,3 as well as in older women.4,5 Several authors1,3,4,6 have associated psychogenic stridor with conversion disorder, but few have included a discussion of the diagnostic criteria or elaborated on the underlying mechanisms of the conversion process. In the case of a female adolescent with a diagnosis of paradoxical vocal cord motion presented here, we have included a discussion of the diagnostic psychological criteria. We also present the combined psychophysiological approach we used to identify and release the underlying affect, which resulted in the complete, immediate, and to date, lasting remittance of our patient's symptoms.

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ARIWARDHANI, Narpendyah Wisjnu, Masashi KIMURA, Yurie IRIBE, Kouichi KATSURADA et Tsuneo NITTA. « Mapping Articulatory-Features to Vocal-Tract Parameters for Voice Conversion ». IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E97.D, n^o 4 (2014) : 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e97.d.911.

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Pollack, Elliot, et Elizabeth D. Casserly. « Cooperation via communication : Influencing vocal alignment in conversation ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, n^o 4 (octobre 2017) : 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5014216.

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Titze, Ingo R., Lynn Maxfield et Anil Palaparthi. « An Oral Pressure Conversion Ratio as a Predictor of Vocal Efficiency ». Journal of Voice 30, n^o 4 (juillet 2016) : 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.002.

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Tovar, Eduardo A. « Hoarseness after cardiac operations : Vocal cord paralysis or a conversion disorder ? » Annals of Thoracic Surgery 62, n^o 4 (octobre 1996) : 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(96)85165-4.

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Kandhal Yazhini P et Yuvaraj Babu K. « Synthetic Vocal Tracts - A Review ». International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (22 octobre 2020) : 1837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3526.

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Synthetic vocal tracts are gadgets powered by a computer system capable of translating the brain activity into synthesized speech, by decoding the movements of muscles involved in vocalization, using advanced computer programming. New standardized method for the development of synthetic vocal tract is the 3D vocal tract model with the binary conversion. Few of the typical features considered while creating the synthetic vocal tract are fundamental frequency, perturbation measure, jitter and change in pitch. The tissue engineered larynx is the promising development in synthetic vocal tract treatment in case of patients with vocal fold repair and regeneration. The future of this interesting technology lies in using high speed video endoscopy based synthetic vocal cords. The review was done based on the articles obtained from various platforms. This review article elaborates about the principle of synthetic vocal tract. Quality of the article used was assessed using a quality assessment tool and graded as strong, moderate and weak. The aim of this study is to understand the concept of synthetic vocal tract and its significance. Synthetic vocal tract is a recently established biomedical tool that has come as a boon in treating patients with severe disabilities. Speech synthesis is evolving as a viable solution as more research is being carried out on this. To understand the full significance of this crucial technique, more research has to be carried out on this field of biomedical engineering and viable solutions need to be developed, so that this novel technique is fully utilized.

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Hoegaerts, Josephine. « The Arduous and the Ordinary : Embodying the Conversational Voice in the Long Nineteenth Century ». Cultural History 13, n^o 2 (octobre 2024) : 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2024.0309.

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This article aims to chart out a cultural history of the voice in conversation in the nineteenth century. Often understood as a period of decline of the ‘art’ of conversation, as it was defined in the eighteenth century (and studied by historians of the period), the nineteenth century was witness to a shift away from conscious cultivation. Conversation, in the nineteenth century, became the counterpoint to more formalized modes of speech like oratory and debate, and was defined as ‘natural’. As such, it also became an object of study for experts specializing in vocal health, who saw this ‘natural’ form of vocal expression as a place to see the voice in action at its least artificial. Based on the work of these experts – scientific treatises, early forays in laryngoscopy, educational work and self-help manuals – I propose an analysis of their largely normative texts that focuses on sound and vocal practice, rather than the development of scientific discourse and its disciplinary character. I borrow central concepts from sound studies, like that of the audile technique and aurality in order to do so, and place the vocalizing body at the center of this analysis.

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Albert, Viktória. « Exploring Conversation with David Crystal’s Let’s Talk : How English Conversation Works (2020) ». Freeside Europe Online Academic Journal, n^o 12 (2021) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51313/freeside-2021-1.

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What can be considered a successful and meaningful conversation? Are we truly good at it? The reason David Crystal has written Let’s Talk proves the topic’s on-going universality and significance since being a good conversationalist is quite demanding. For this reason, this book proves to be a goldmine of gripping and insightful observations of various aspects of conversation throughout history. It encompasses quite a plethora of topics, such as greetings and farewells, clichés, turn-taking, simultaneous feedback or interruption, semantic fuzziness, parenthesis, the choice of conversation topics, storytelling, telephone and online etiquette, vocal and visual cues in conversation, style, cultural conflicts, breaking maxims of conversation, and the future of conversation.

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Treinkman, Melissa. « A Conversation with Michele Pawk ». Journal of Singing 80, n^o 4 (mars 2024) : 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53830/sing.00032.

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Abstract: In a video interview with Journal of Singing Associate Editor Melissa Treinkman on May 26, 2023, Tony-award winner Michele Pawk discussed her versatile career as a performer and teacher. She revealed a period in her life when she struggled with vocal health issues, described her unexpected joy in teaching, and expressed her delight in working alongside her husband, actor and singer John Dossett, in the Broadway cast of Wicked . A QR code is included at the end of the article which contains the link to the recorded interview with Michele Pawk.

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Johri, Goonj, Gyan Chand, Nitish Gupta, Chaitra Sonthineni, Anjali Mishra, Gaurav Agarwal, Sabaretnam Mayilvaganan, Ashok Kumar Verma et Saroj Kanta Mishra. « Feasibility of Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via Axilla and Breast Approaches for Larger Goiters : Widening the Horizons ». Journal of Thyroid Research 2018 (2 octobre 2018) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4057542.

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Scarless (in the neck) endoscopic thyroidectomy (SET) has evolved into a cosmetically preferred alternative to conventional thyroidectomy (ConT). Recently many of our patients are demanding SET; however their goitres are larger than the recommended size of 4–6 cm. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of ET for small (<6 cm) vs large (≥6 cm) goitres and determine its feasibility in such cases. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing ET. Patients were divided into 2 groups: I, small (<6 cm) and II, large goitres (≥6 cm). Their demographic and clinicopathological profiles, operation time, conversion and complication rates, and hospital stay were compared. 99 patients (101 procedures) were included: group I, 60 patients (61 procedures), and group II, 39 patients (40 procedures). Mean tumor size (± SD) was 4.4 ± 0.9 cm and 6.7 ± 1.1 cm in groups I and II, respectively. The groups were comparable with respect to demographic and clinical profile except for mean duration of goiter [30.1 ± 32.6 months (group I) vs 60.5 ± 102.4 months (group I), p = 0.03] and gland weight [21.5 ± 15.3 grams (group I) vs 62.3 ± 51.3 grams (group II), p = 0.001]. Although there was no significant difference between mean operating times, long term perioperative outcomes, and conversion rates, temporary hypocalcaemia and length of stay were longer in group II. One patient had permanent vocal cord palsy (~1%, 1/101); none had permanent hypoparathyroidism. Our results indicate that ET can be offered to a subset of patients with larger goitres desirous of SET with no significant difference in mean operation time, conversions, and long term postoperative complications in experienced hands.

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Tan, Harold Nathan, Lance Isidore Garcenila Catedral, Rogelio Jr Velasco et Michael San Juan. « Receptor conversion and vocal cord paralysis in a patient with breast cancer ». BMJ Case Reports 15, n^o 2 (février 2022) : e243700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243700.

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Receptor conversion in breast cancer occurs in up to 32% of patients, resulting in ineffective therapy in the absence of corresponding biomarkers. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with a 2-month history of hoarseness. Laryngoscopy demonstrated right vocal cord paralysis. Whole body positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) scan showed a hypermetabolic cervical lymph node, worrisome for metastasis. Biopsy of the cervical lymph node was consistent with metastatic carcinoma of the breast (GATA3 and mammaglobin positive, oestrogen receptor (OR)-positive, progesterone receptor-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive). She underwent targeted therapy with ado-trastuzumab emtansine every 3 weeks. Repeat PET-CT scan after 6 months showed stable disease. Reassessment of receptor status in metastatic breast cancer is encouraged to rule out receptor conversion. There is significant cross-talk between OR and HER2 signalling pathways, leading to treatment resistance. Close collaboration and teamwork among various subspecialties facilitate prompt management of patients with suspected metastatic breast cancer.

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Seshadri, Shreyas, Lauri Juvela, Okko Rasanen et Paavo Alku. « Vocal Effort Based Speaking Style Conversion Using Vocoder Features and Parallel Learning ». IEEE Access 7 (2019) : 17230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2895923.

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Rewari, V. « Post-operative paradoxical vocal cord movement due to non-organic conversion disorder ». Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 50, n^o 7 (août 2006) : 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01055.x.

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Miao, Xiaokong, Meng Sun, Xiongwei Zhang et Yimin Wang. « Noise-Robust Voice Conversion Using High-Quefrency Boosting via Sub-Band Cepstrum Conversion and Fusion ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 1 (23 décembre 2019) : 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010151.

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This paper presents a noise-robust voice conversion method with high-quefrency boosting via sub-band cepstrum conversion and fusion based on the bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) neural networks that can convert parameters of vocal tracks of a source speaker into those of a target speaker. With the implementation of state-of-the-art machine learning methods, voice conversion has achieved good performance given abundant clean training data. However, the quality and similarity of the converted voice are significantly degraded compared to that of a natural target voice due to various factors, such as limited training data and noisy input speech from the source speaker. To address the problem of noisy input speech, an architecture of voice conversion with statistical filtering and sub-band cepstrum conversion and fusion is introduced. The impact of noises on the converted voice is reduced by the accurate reconstruction of the sub-band cepstrum and the subsequent statistical filtering. By normalizing the mean and variance of the converted cepstrum to those of the target cepstrum in the training phase, a cepstrum filter was constructed to further improve the quality of the converted voice. The experimental results showed that the proposed method significantly improved the naturalness and similarity of the converted voice compared to the baselines, even with the noisy inputs of source speakers.

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Klockgether, Stefan, Manuel Cattaneo, Robin Weiss et R. Peter Derleth. « Group conversation assessment in realistic acoustic scenes ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, n^o 3_supplement (1 mars 2023) : A334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019053.

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Successful communication in background noise is a continuous interaction between conversation partners. They continuously exchange conscious, unconscious, verbal, and non-verbal information regarding how well the other person is understood. Human communication is not limited to one-on-one interactions but can also happen in group conversation situations. The complexity of taking an active part in a group conversation is much higher though, since the continuous interaction happens with more than one conversation partner at the same time. To investigate human communication behavior, real conversations between groups of six people were observed in the Sonova Real Life Lab. All participants were allowed to move around freely within the lab space. The head position and orientation of all six participants was continuously monitored with an optical motion capturing system. The voices of all participants were recorded with wireless headset microphones, which allowed to assess individual vocal effort. During the conversation situation, background noise was played from all four directions simultaneously and systematically varied in overall level. The individual position data and vocal effort were used to estimate perceived communication difficulty and signal to noise ratios. The head orientation data was analyzed to estimate which individuals the participants were talking and listening to.

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Fauviaux, Tifenn, Ludovic Marin, Mathilde Parisi, Richard Schmidt et Ghilès Mostafaoui. « From unimodal to multimodal dynamics of verbal and nonverbal cues during unstructured conversation ». PLOS ONE 19, n^o 9 (25 septembre 2024) : e0309831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309831.

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Conversations encompass continuous exchanges of verbal and nonverbal information. Previous research has demonstrated that gestures dynamically entrain each other and that speakers tend to align their vocal properties. While gesture and speech are known to synchronize at the intrapersonal level, few studies have investigated the multimodal dynamics of gesture/speech between individuals. The present study aims to extend our comprehension of unimodal dynamics of speech and gesture to multimodal speech/gesture dynamics. We used an online dataset of 14 dyads engaged in unstructured conversation. Speech and gesture synchronization was measured with cross-wavelets at different timescales. Results supported previous research on intrapersonal speech/gesture coordination, finding synchronization at all timescales of the conversation. Extending the literature, we also found interpersonal synchronization between speech and gesture. Given that the unimodal and multimodal synchronization occurred at similar timescales, we suggest that synchronization likely depends on the vocal channel, particularly on the turn-taking dynamics of the conversation.

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Knight Thompson, Elsa, et John Leonard. « A Conversation with James Baldwin, May 7, 1963 ». James Baldwin Review 10, n^o 1 (24 septembre 2024) : 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jbr.10.6.

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This conversation was first broadcast on KPFA (Berkeley, CA) on June 6, 1963. Original transcription available online: https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-28-8s4jm23q52. The transcription below has been lightly edited for clarity and prepared by Ed Pavlić and Justin A. Joyce. Vocal emphasis has been captured with italics. Significant pauses, interruptions, or non-word interjections have been captured in editorial brackets.

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Paulauskienė, Iveta, et Vaiva Mickevičienė. « Dysphonia – the single symptom of rifampicin resistant laryngeal tuberculosis ». Open Medicine 11, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2016) : 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2016-0013.

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AbstractTuberculosis is still the most frequent granulomatous laryngeal disease. Absence of pathognomonic symptoms and change in clinical pattern frequently leads to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Hoarseness is the commonest symptom of laryngeal tuberculosis and constitutional symptoms are usually rare. However dysphonia can be caused by many other more common conditions. Hoarseness can be a symptom of organic (nodules and polyps of vocal folds, tumors, vocal fold paresis) or functional (functional dysphonia, laryngeal conversion disorder, paradoxical vocal folds motion) conditions. Rarely systemic diseases as amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis or tuberculosis can cause vocal dysfunction too. That is why laryngeal tuberculosis is often forgotten in case of persistent hoarseness. In this article, we present a case of a young previously healthy woman, complaining of persistent hoarseness with no other leading symptoms. Though endoscopic image suggested a malignancy, histology showed granulomatous lesion. Detailed examination revealed laryngeal and pulmonary tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin. Conclusion: Dysphonia can be the only one symptom of laryngeal tuberculosis. The disease should be taken into consideration when a patient complains of persistent hoarseness in order to avoid delays in treatment and spread of infection.

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Kuo, Chung-Feng Jeffrey, Joseph Kuo, Shang-Wun Hsiao, Chi-Lung Lee, Jih-Chin Lee et Bo-Han Ke. « Automatic and quantitative measurement of laryngeal video stroboscopic images ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H : Journal of Engineering in Medicine 231, n^o 1 (21 décembre 2016) : 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411916679200.

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The laryngeal video stroboscope is an important instrument for physicians to analyze abnormalities and diseases in the glottal area. Stroboscope has been widely used around the world. However, without quantized indices, physicians can only make subjective judgment on glottal images. We designed a new laser projection marking module and applied it onto the laryngeal video stroboscope to provide scale conversion reference parameters for glottal imaging and to convert the physiological parameters of glottis. Image processing technology was used to segment the important image regions of interest. Information of the glottis was quantified, and the vocal fold image segmentation system was completed to assist clinical diagnosis and increase accuracy. Regarding image processing, histogram equalization was used to enhance glottis image contrast. The center weighted median filters image noise while retaining the texture of the glottal image. Statistical threshold determination was used for automatic segmentation of a glottal image. As the glottis image contains saliva and light spots, which are classified as the noise of the image, noise was eliminated by erosion, expansion, disconnection, and closure techniques to highlight the vocal area. We also used image processing to automatically identify an image of vocal fold region in order to quantify information from the glottal image, such as glottal area, vocal fold perimeter, vocal fold length, glottal width, and vocal fold angle. The quantized glottis image database was created to assist physicians in diagnosing glottis diseases more objectively.

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Kuswandi, Meydiana, et Yanuarti Apsari. « AN ANALYSIS OF PAUSES, OVERLAPS AND BACKCHANNELS IN CONVERSATION IN VLOG BY NESSIE JUDGE ». PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, n^o 3 (9 mai 2019) : 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i3.p282-291.

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This research focuses on pauses, overlaps, and backchannels based on conversation in vlog of Nessie Judge with title tips in speaking English. The duration the vlog is 7:32 minutes posted on November 27, 2016 on Nessie’s youtube account. When the speaker is speaking will occur in the conversation, become a reason the resercher to anlyze pauses, overlaps, and backchannels. The purpose of this research is to find out what the types of pauses, overlaps, and backchannels and how the pauses, overlaps, and backchannels in the conversation between Nessie and her partner. This research used qualitative method. To collect the data the researcher watched the vlog of Nessie. After the data collected, the data was classified into types of pauses, overlaps, and backchannels. Then, the reasercher analyzed the reason behind of it. The result of this research showed that there are two types of pauses in conversations. Filler and unfiller pause. And also there are two types of backchannels. Vocal backchannel and non vocal backchannel. And the last is overlaps which only once during the duration of the vlog.Keywords: conversation analysis, pauses, overlaps, backchannels, vlog

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Anderson, Martin. « A Conversation with Kalevi Aho ». Tempo, n^o 181 (juin 1992) : 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200015138.

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At the relatively young age of 43 (which his schoolboyish looks nonetheless belie), Kalevi Aho is one of the best-known of Finnish composers, with a substantial corpus of music to his credit – seven symphonies and other orchestral pieces, two operas and several smaller vocal works, three concertos (for violin, cello and for piano), and a healthy amount of chamber and instrumental music. I visited him in Helsinki last summer, in the offices of the Helsinki Festival, where he has a hand in the planning of the programmes, and remarked first on the richness and sheer vigour of Finnish musical life; anyone visiting Finland will be struck by the fact that it seems to have an awful lot of composers.

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Rivera-Cáceres, Karla D., Esmeralda Quirós-Guerrero, Marcelo Araya-Salas, Christopher N. Templeton et William A. Searcy. « Early development of vocal interaction rules in a duetting songbird ». Royal Society Open Science 5, n^o 2 (février 2018) : 171791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171791.

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Exchange of vocal signals is an important aspect of animal communication. Although birdsong is the premier model for understanding vocal development, the development of vocal interaction rules in birds and possible parallels to humans have been little studied. Many tropical songbirds engage in complex vocal interactions in the form of duets between mated pairs. In some species, duets show precise temporal coordination and follow rules (duet codes) governing which song type one bird uses to reply to each of the song types of its mate. We determined whether these duetting rules are acquired during early development in canebrake wrens. Results show that juveniles acquire a duet code by singing with a mated pair of adults and that juveniles gradually increase their fidelity to the code over time. Additionally, we found that juveniles exhibit poorer temporal coordination than adults and improve their coordination as time progresses. Human turn-taking, an analogous rule to temporal coordination, is learned during early development. We report that the ontogeny of vocal interaction rules in songbirds is analogous to that of human conversation rules.

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Inohara, Ken, Yuka I. Sumita, Naoto Ohbayashi, Shuichi Ino, Tohru Kurabayashi, Tohru Ifukube et Hisashi Taniguchi. « Standardization of Thresholding for Binary Conversion of Vocal Tract Modeling in Computed Tomography ». Journal of Voice 24, n^o 4 (juillet 2010) : 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.10.013.

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Vekkot, Susmitha, et Deepa Gupta. « Prosodic transformation in vocal emotion conversion for multi-lingual scenarios : a pilot study ». International Journal of Speech Technology 22, n^o 3 (septembre 2019) : 533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-019-09626-5.

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Hoshino, Osamu. « Spatiotemporal Conversion of Auditory Information for Cochleotopic Mapping ». Neural Computation 19, n^o 2 (février 2007) : 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.2.351.

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Auditory communication signals such as monkey calls are complex FM vocal sounds and in general induce action potentials in different timing in the primary auditory cortex. Delay line scheme is one of the effective ways for detecting such neuronal timing. However, the scheme is not straightforwardly applicable if the time intervals of signals are beyond the latency time of delay lines. In fact, monkey calls are often expressed in longer time intervals (hundreds of milliseconds to seconds) and are beyond the latency times observed in the brain (less than several hundreds of milliseconds). Here, we propose a cochleotopic map similar to that in vision known as a retinotopic map. We show that information about monkey calls could be mapped on a cochleotopic cortical network as spatiotemporal firing patterns of neurons, which can then be decomposed into simple (linearly sweeping) FM components and integrated into unified percepts by higher cortical networks. We suggest that the spatiotemporal conversion of auditory information may be essential for developing the cochleotopic map, which could serve as the foundation for later processing, or monkey call identification by higher cortical areas.

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Stevenson, Marguerite B., James N. Ver Hoeve, Mary A. Roach et Lewis A. Leavitt. « The beginning of conversation : Early patterns of mother-infant vocal responsiveness ». Infant Behavior and Development 9, n^o 4 (octobre 1986) : 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(86)90016-0.

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Hidalgo, Alex. « The Echo of Voices after the Fall of the Aztec Empire ». Hispanic American Historical Review 103, n^o 2 (1 mai 2023) : 217–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-10368894.

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Abstract The recent quincentennial of the Mexica forces' defeat at the hands of a Spanish-led coalition invites us to reflect on the changes in the region's acoustic ecology, the layers of sound that reverberated across geographic spaces. Expressions of sound allow us to consider the actions of past actors in relation to their physical surroundings, the stimulation of the senses, and patterns of religious conversion that guided social behavior. Vocal sounds produced by people of various ethnic and racial backgrounds formed part of this aural environment, and they carried meaning that has often escaped the attention of scholars. An analysis of routines of indoctrination centered on vocal modulations reveals that authorities hierarchized different forms of sounds, from singing and praying—which they encouraged—to screams and muffled noises such as murmur and chatter—which they attempted to silence. These routines took shape during daily masses, theater presentations, civic and religious rituals, confession, and, in some cases, formal training.

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Kumar, Dr M. Upendra, Imtiyaz khan, Juveriya Nishath, Afrah Rakshan et Fabiha Fathima Unsa. « Text Reader ». International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 2, n^o 6 (2021) : 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2021.2.6.364-373.

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The historical and theoretical bases of contemporary high-performance text-to-speech (TTS) systems and their current designs are discussed. The major elements of TTS system are described, with particular reference to vocal tract models. The stages involved in the process of converting text into speech parameters are examined, covering text normalization, word pronunciation, prosodies, phonetic rules, voice tables, and hardware implementation. It is an image to text and speech conversion system developed for visually impaired as well as physically challenging people to be able to get information from the images easily. Core idea for image to text and speech conversion is to overcome the challenges faced by a visually impaired person in real life. The system goes through various phases such as image processing, text extraction, text-to-speech (TTS) conversion. This device opens the camera using the app into it out to the text and you get the audio. The primary motivation is to provide a visually impaired person with a friendly speech interface with computer and to allow such people who are physically and visually challenged to use the system to read printed text on the go.

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Okada, Masahiro. « Visualization of phase characteristics of a vocal tract using phase-conversion method with electroglottograph signals ». Acoustical Science and Technology 42, n^o 3 (1 mai 2021) : 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.42.150.

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Mencio, Caitlin, Balagurunathan Kuberan et Franz Goller. « Contributions of rapid neuromuscular transmission to the fine control of acoustic parameters of birdsong ». Journal of Neurophysiology 117, n^o 2 (1 février 2017) : 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00843.2015.

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Neural control of complex vocal behaviors, such as birdsong and speech, requires integration of biomechanical nonlinearities through muscular output. Although control of airflow and tension of vibrating tissues are known functions of vocal muscles, it remains unclear how specific muscle characteristics contribute to specific acoustic parameters. To address this gap, we removed heparan sulfate chains using heparitinases to perturb neuromuscular transmission subtly in the syrinx of adult male zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata). Infusion of heparitinases into ventral syringeal muscles altered their excitation threshold and reduced neuromuscular transmission changing their ability to modulate airflow. The changes in muscle activation dynamics caused a reduction in frequency modulation rates and elimination of many high-frequency syllables but did not alter the fundamental frequency of syllables. Sound amplitude was reduced and sound onset pressure was increased, suggesting a role of muscles in the induction of self-sustained oscillations under low-airflow conditions, thus enhancing vocal efficiency. These changes were reversed to preinfusion levels by 7 days after infusion. These results illustrate complex interactions between the control of airflow and tension and further define the importance of syringeal muscle in the control of a variety of acoustic song characteristics. In summary, the findings reported here show that altering neuromuscular transmission can lead to reversible changes to the acoustic structure of song. Understanding the full extent of muscle involvement in song production is critical in decoding the motor program for the production of complex vocal behavior, including our search for parallels between birdsong and human speech motor control. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is largely unknown how fine motor control of acoustic parameters is achieved in vocal organs. Subtle manipulation of syringeal muscle function was used to test how active motor control influences acoustic parameters. Slowed activation kinetics of muscles reduced frequency modulation and, unexpectedly, caused a distinct decrease in sound amplitude and increase in phonation onset pressure. These results show that active control enhances the efficiency of energy conversion in the syrinx.

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Olsen, Wayne O. « Average Speech Levels and Spectra in Various Speaking/Listening Conditions ». American Journal of Audiology 7, n^o 2 (octobre 1998) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(1998/012).

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The large study undertaken by Pearsons et al. (1977) for the Environmental Protection Agency nicely demonstrates "usual" speech levels in a variety of settings in classrooms, homes, hospitals, department stores, and commercial transportation. In most settings, speech levels were between 55 and 66 dBA at conversation distances in the school, home, hospital, and department store environments. S/N ratios on the order of 5 to 15 dB were maintained. Communication distance in the trains and airplanes was considerably less than the usual 1 m, and the speech levels were higher, 73 to 77 dBA, but still at a –1 or –2 dB S/N ratio in the train and airplanes, respectively. Their measurements in an anechoic chamber further reflected the levels of conversational speech in a quiet environment, as well as the levels and spectra for different vocal efforts by females, males, and children. Speech spectra were generally similar for the groups of talkers for casual conversation through raised vocal efforts. For loud speech, and particularly for shouted speech, male speech levels were greater than the speech levels of the females and children. The maximum one-third octave bands for loud and shouted speech shifted to higher frequencies for all three groups.

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Brueggemann, Walter. « The Preacher, the Text, and the People ». Review & ; Expositor 102, n^o 3 (août 2005) : 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730510200310.

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“My impression is that in controversies in the church that get the pastor in trouble, controversies about theology and ethics, that is, controversies about interpretation, we usually assume two parties in the quarrel, pastor and people (or some people). Given two parties, controversies predictably lead to -win/lose situations. What has happened in many such situations is that the text has disappeared as a live, vocal partner in the conversation.”

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McCauley, DJ. « Research, Pageants, and Ag‐Vocacy : A Conversation with Hallie Wright ». CSA News 66, n^o 9 (20 août 2021) : 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csan.20563.

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PETERSON, DEREK. « WORDY WOMEN : GENDER TROUBLE AND THE ORAL POLITICS OF THE EAST AFRICAN REVIVAL IN NORTHERN GIKUYULAND ». Journal of African History 42, n^o 3 (décembre 2001) : 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701007964.

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This essay explores conversion to the East African Revival as a way that Gikuyu women and men argued about moral and economic change. Rural capitalism in the 1930s and 1940s attacked the material basis of Gikuyu gender order by denying some men land. Familial stability was at stake in class formation: landless laborers could scarcely be respectable husbands. Rural elders and revivalists offered contending answers to the terrifying problem of gender trouble. Literate male elders at Tumutumu Presbyterian church used customary law and church bureaucracy to discipline young men and women. Revivalists, many of them women, talked: they confessed private sins vocally, cleansing themselves of sorcerous familial strife. Tumutumu’s debate over Revival played out as a contest between the oral politics of conversion and the bureaucratic power of church elders. Mau Mau continued the debate.

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Klockgether, Stefan, Laurent S. Simon et R. Peter Derleth. « Conversation behavior assessment to estimate communication difficulty ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, n^o 3_Supplement (1 mars 2024) : A161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027163.

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The communication behavior of humans adapts to the needs of different communication situations. Humans have developed several strategies to successfully communicate in challenging acoustic environments. Some of these strategies can be consciously controlled while in a conversation, but others happen sub-consciously, or as a mixture of both. The applied strategies come with an increased effort, a deviation from common behavior, or the overcoming of personal comfort zones and are usually ceased as soon as the situation allows. This study’s aim is to monitor participant’s communication behavior in easy and challenging acoustic situations and use this data as a measure for the experienced communication difficulty. The Sonova Real Life Lab allows to investigate natural conversation situations in a controlled acoustic environment. Participants can move around and interact with each other across a 25m² stage, while their head positions and orientations are tracked with a motion capturing system. The voices of the participants are recorded using wireless headset microphones. This allows to estimate individual vocal effort and analyze backchanneling and turn taking behavior. This contribution will present and discuss data collected with participants engaged in real one-to-one conversations, while the acoustic background was systematically altered.

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Selting, Margret. « Affectivity in conversational storytelling ». Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 20, n^o 2 (1 juin 2010) : 229–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.20.2.06sel.

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This paper reports on some recent work on affectivity, or emotive involvement, in conversational storytelling. After presenting the approach, some case studies of the display and management of affectivity in storytelling in telephone and face-to-face conversations are presented. The analysis reconstructs the display and handling of affectivity by both storyteller and story recipient. In particular, I describe the following kinds of resources: - the verbal and segmental display: Rhetorical, lexico-semantic, syntactic, phonetic-phonological resources; - the prosodic and suprasegmental vocal display: Resources from the realms of prosody and voice quality; - visual or "multimodal" resources from the realms of body posture and its changes, head movements, gaze, and hand movements and gestures. It is shown that the display of affectivity is organized in orderly ways in sequences of storytelling in conversation. I reconstruct (a) how verbal, vocal and visual cues are deployed in co-occurrence in order to make affectivity in general and specific affects in particular interpretable for the recipient and (b) how in turn the recipient responds and takes up the displayed affect. As a result, affectivity is shown to be managed by teller and recipient in storytelling sequences in conversation, involving both the reporting of affects from the story world as well as the negotiation of in-situ affects in the here-and-now of the storytelling situation.

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RAM, RONKI. « Beyond Conversion and Sanskritisation : Articulating an Alternative Dalit Agenda in East Punjab ». Modern Asian Studies 46, n^o 3 (12 mai 2011) : 639–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000254.

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AbstractGiven different socio-economic structures, and acute landlessness among the Dalits of East Punjab, the agendas of conversion to neo-Buddhism and sanskritisation, the two most popular Dalit social mobility models in India, have failed to strike a cord among the Dalits in this border state of northwest India. But that does not imply that Dalits of Punjab have failed in improving their social status. On the contrary, they have been very vocal in their assertions for social justice and dignity, and pressing for a due share in the local structures of power; a clear indication of a significant surge of Dalit social mobility in Punjab. The question that still remains largely unexplored, however, relates to the patterns of Dalit social mobility in Punjab that have emerged independently of the agendas of conversion to neo-Buddhism and sanskritisation. The study aims to map out the contours of an emerging alternative Dalit agenda in Punjab, which is conspicuous by its absence in existing Dalit studies, and examines its catalytic role in enhancing the legitimacy and effectiveness of increasingly visible Dalit social mobility in the state. The paper concludes by visualising the possibility of an articulation and assertion of a similar alternative Dalit agenda through highly contentious democratic politics in other parts of India, where the archetypical agendas of conversion and sanskritisation have either failed to deliver social justice and dignity or could not simply appeal to the local Dalit population.

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Pajo, Kati, et Anu Klippi. « Hearing-impaired recipients’ non-vocal action sets as a resource for collaboration in conversation ». Journal of Pragmatics 55 (septembre 2013) : 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.06.004.

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Gonulal, Mustafa. « PAUT of CRA Cladded Pipe Circumferential Dissimilar Welds ». Materials Evaluation 81, n^o 2 (1 février 2023) : 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/10.32548/2023.me-04287.

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Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a technical way of communicating with materials, but what does that mean? To be able to understand this, we should think about how people communicate with each other—by talking. Humans have vocal cords in their throats, also known as vocal folds, a band of highly elastic connective tissue. When someone wants to talk, their brain sends a signal to the vocal fold, and after receiving the electrical signal, the folds start to vibrate and cause the air molecules flowing around them vibrate as well. This vibration flows through the air molecules to the ears of the other people, causing tiny bones within the ear to vibrate. This mechanical vibration is converted into an electrical signal by stimulation of the sensory cells in the ear and nerve impulses sent to the brain. Through this complex conversion of electrical signal to vibration, and then vibration back to the electrical signal, two human beings talk to each other. In general, the human ear can detect sounds with frequencies between 20 and 20 000 Hz, which is called an audio range. (Frequency means the number of vibrations against the unit time and is expressed in cycles per seconds). Frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasound and above 20 000 Hz are called ultrasound. The industrial application of ultrasound is the answer to the question, “How can we talk to material?”, which forms the basis of UT. UT is widely used as a nondestructive testing method to examine materials and welds, as well as bondings between the materials. In this article, UT of dissimilar welds shall be discussed.

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You, Kang, Kele Xu, Jilong Wang et Ming Feng. « Domain adaptation towards speaker-independent ultrasound tongue imaging based articulatory-to-acoustic conversion ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, n^o 3_supplement (1 mars 2023) : A366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019181.

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In this paper, we endeavor to address an articulatory-to-acoustic issue which aims to estimate the mel-spectrogram of the acoustical signals, using midsagittal ultrasound tongue images of the vocal tract as input. Previous attempts employed statistical methods for the inversion between the articulatory movements and speech, while deep learning has begun to dominate this field. Despite the sustainable efforts that have been made, the mapping performance can be greatly varied for different speakers and most of the previous methods are constrained for the speaker-dependent scenario. Here, we present a novel approach towards speaker-independent mapping, which is inspired by the domain adaptation method. Specifically, we explore decoupling the spectrogram generation task and the speaker recognition task. Leveraging a novel designed loss function, we can improve the performance under the speaker-independent scenarios, through the adversarial learning strategy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on the Tongue and Lips (TaL) corpus. Objective evaluation is conducted to compare the generated spectrograms and ground truth, using three evaluation metrics, including the MSE, SSIM, and CW-SSIM. The results indicate that our proposed method can achieve superior performance under the speaker-independent scenario, compared with competitive solutions. Our code is available at https://github.com/xianyi11/Articulatory-to-Acoustic-with-Domain-Adaptation.

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Guaïtella, Isabelle. « Interaction in pathological contexts ». Pragmatics and Society 2, n^o 1 (23 mai 2011) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.2.1.01gua.

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In this paper we investigate the behavior patterns (both vocal and gestural) of Alzheimer patients and multihandicapped persons communicating with peers and therapists in an interaction situation. Communicative items were analyzed automatically and sorted into patterns. The results showed that despite their reported ‘linguistic’ disabilities, the patients not only played their role in the interaction, but were also able to lead the conversation and take initiatives. In spite of their vulnerability, both types of patients, particularly those with Alzheimer’s disease, exhibited the ability to integrate new information and to get involved in the dialogue.

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