Bibliographies thématiques / Conventional identification

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Conventional identification »

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Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Conventional identification"

Michaelides, P. G., et S. D. Fassois. « Experimental identification of structural uncertainty – An assessment of conventional and non-conventional stochastic identification techniques ». Engineering Structures 53 (août 2013) : 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.03.033.

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Witebsky, Frank G., et Kruczak-Filipov Patricia. « Identification of Mycobacteria by Conventional Methods ». Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 16, n^o 3 (septembre 1996) : 569–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30256-7.

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Sheree Lin, C. C., et Daniel Y. C. Fung. « Conventional and Rapid Methods for Yeast Identification ». CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology 14, n^o 4 (janvier 1987) : 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408418709104441.

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Feng, Cui Ju, et Wei Lin Yan. « Fracture Qualitative Identification Using Conventional Logging Data ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (avril 2013) : 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.822.

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Fractured reservoir evaluation is always a huge challenge for the oil exploration and development.The paper summarizes the response characteristics of fracture in conventional logging curves and gives 4 parameters which can identify fractures.Furthermore the paper proposes a comprehensive probability index of fracture which can integrate the 4 parameters above and indicate fracture develop rate qualitatively.In addition,the paper classified fracture developing level into three levels.Actual process shows that this method can indicate fracture develop rate,search fractured formation and guide actual production.

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Rathna Kumar, S. B., Panchanan Mohanty, Pranjali Anand Ujawane et Yash Rajeev Huzurbazar. « Conventional speech identification test in Marathi for adults ». International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2, n^o 4 (26 septembre 2016) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20163467.

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Background: The present study aimed to develop conventional speech identification in Marathi for assessing adults by considering word frequency, familiarity, words in common use and phonemic balancing.Methods: A total of four word lists were developed with each word list consisting of 25 words out of which 60% are monosyllabic words in CVC structure, and 40% are disyllabic words in CVCV structure. Equivalence analysis and performance-intensity function testing was carried out using four word lists on native speakers of Marathi belonging to different regions of Maharashtra (i.e. Vidarbha, Marathwada, Khandesh and Northern Maharashtra, Konkan and Pune) who were equally divided into five groups based on above mentioned regions. Results: The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference (p >0.05) in the speech identification performance between groups for each word list, and between word lists for each group. The performance-intensity (PI) function curve showed semi-linear function, and the groups’ mean slope of the curve indicated an average slope of 4.5% increase in speech identification score per dB for four word lists. Although, there is no data available on speech identification tests for adults in Marathi, most of the findings of the study are in line with the findings of research reports on other Indian languages.Conclusions: The four word lists developed were found to be equally difficult for all the groups and can be used interchangeably. Thus, the developed word lists were found to be reliable and valid materials for assessing speech identification performance of adults in Marathi.

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Naznin, Rezuana, Nasrin Sultana, Md Nur Hossain, Mohammad Nurul Islam, Anika Tabassum, Md Ataul Gani et Mahbubah Jannat. « Conventional and Molecular Identification of Culturable Airborne Bacteria ». Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 30, n^o 1 (25 juin 2020) : 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v30i1.47787.

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Bacteria isolated from the environment during the present study were representative of normal microflora of the skin, respiratory and urinary tracts; it also includes some soil and water-borne pathogenic and nonpathogenic genera. Six samples from different locations were studied for bacterial investigation. Among 14 isolates obtained, 13 were Gram positive, and the rest one was Gram negative. Out of 13 Gram positive isolates, 12 were round-shaped non spore forming and were identified as Planococcus citreus, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Kocuria kristinae, Micrococcus agilis (2), Kytococcus sedentarius (2), Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus lylae and M. roseus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and rod-shaped non spore forming identified as Renibacterium salmoninarum. The Gram-negative bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other than provisional identification, two isolates (JG 40 and SG 49) were further confirmed through molecular characterization on the basis of 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa repectively. Spearman’s correlation showed that air temperature and wind speed negatively correlated with the bacterial abundance. It is clear that none of the samples containing airborne pathogens collected was safe for human health due to presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Many were human pathogenic as well as food poisoning microorganisms. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 15-25, 2020 (June)

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Fatania, Nita, Mark Fraser, Mike Savage, Jason Hart et Alireza Abdolrasouli. « Comparative evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry and conventional phenotypic-based methods for identification of clinically important yeasts in a UK-based medical microbiology laboratory ». Journal of Clinical Pathology 68, n^o 12 (25 août 2015) : 1040–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203029.

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AimsPerformance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was compared in a side-by side-analysis with conventional phenotypic methods currently in use in our laboratory for identification of yeasts in a routine diagnostic setting.MethodsA diverse collection of 200 clinically important yeasts (19 species, five genera) were identified by both methods using standard protocols. Discordant or unreliable identifications were resolved by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene.ResultsMALDI-TOF and conventional methods were in agreement for 182 isolates (91%) with correct identification to species level. Eighteen discordant results (9%) were due to rarely encountered species, hence the difficulty in their identification using traditional phenotypic methods.ConclusionsMALDI-TOF MS enabled rapid, reliable and accurate identification of clinically important yeasts in a routine diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Isolates with rare, unusual or low probability identifications should be confirmed using robust molecular methods.

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Páčová, Z., E. Urbanová et E. Durnová. « Psychrobacter immobilis isolated from foods : characteristics and identification ». Veterinární Medicína 46, No. 4 (5 janvier 2015) : 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7866-vetmed.

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A total of 15 strains of Psychrobacter immobilis isolated from animal sources, e.g. cheese, fish and poultry, were tested. A commercial diagnostic kit NEFERMtest 24, conventional tests and determination of fatty acids were used for identification. By using the results of NEFERMtest 24 and numerical identification system TNW version 6.0 the identification was successful on the species level (46.7%) while the correct species identification by using conventional tests increased up to 86.7%. All 9 saccharolytic strains including 7 Czech isolates were identified in most cases on an excellent or very good level by both methods based on biochemical reactions. On the other hand, the identification of 6 asaccharolytic strains was unsuccessful especially by NEFERMtest 24. While 4 asaccharolytic strains were identified correctly on the basis of conventional tests on species or genus level, incorrect identification on species level, for example Ralstonia paucula, Comamonas terrigena, Oligella ureolytica, Moraxella lincolnii andPsychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, was found by using NEFERMtest 24. Determination of fatty acid composition by MIDI System confirmed the species identification of 9 out of the 10 tested strains of P. immobilis and 1 tested strain of Psychrobacter sp.

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ROBISON, BARBARA J., et CHRISTIAN P. CUNNINGHAM. « Accuracy of Micro-ID® Listeria for Identification of Members of the Genus Listeria ». Journal of Food Protection 54, n^o 10 (1 octobre 1991) : 798–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.10.798.

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Conventional culture procedures for identification of members of the genus Listeria are tedious and time consuming. Recently, a rapid identification system, MICRO-ID® Listeria, was developed which allows identification of members of the genus Listeria to the species level. A total of 63 cultures representing 7 species of Listeria and 10 cultures of other gram-positive organisms was identified. All isolates were evaluated both by MICRO-ID® Listeria and conventional biochemical procedures. Identification using MICRO-ID® Listeria was accomplished by determining the octal code, CAMP, and hemolysis reactions. The MICRO-ID® Listeria and the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) identifications agreed on all 73 cultures. The test strips were easy to inoculate and read, and results were obtained 24 h after inoculation, as compared to 7 d for the BAM procedure.

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Jarnagin, Jerald L., et Merrill R. Swanson. « Computer Analysis as an Aid in Identification of Mycobacteria ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 1, n^o 1 (janvier 1989) : 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063878900100109.

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One hundred eighty-four isolates representing 23 species of mycobacteria were identified using computer-assisted analysis. All isolates were examined using a standard series of 12 biochemical tests. These tests were selected because of their reproducibility and ease of performance in the laboratory. Data from these tests were analyzed by a computer that had been previously programmed to process the information and make a species determination. Identifications from the probability model were compared to identifications from conventional methods. There was 96.7% agreement between the 2 methods. The computer-assisted data analysis for identification provides increased accuracy over conventional methods because a statistical probability is applied. It also requires less time. Differences in computer data between mycobacterial species are discussed.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Conventional identification"

Stuczen, Monika. « Conventional and molecular approaches for bacterial identification and quantification in chronic wounds ». Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/303754/.

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Wounds present an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria as they are usually moist and warm. The impact of bacteria on wound healing and developing infection is debatable and only partially understood. Some clinicians believe that the number of bacteria is a crucial factor in determining whether the wound is likely to heal. Others argue that the presence of specific pathogens and their interactions are the main cause of non-healing wounds. Also, the methodology of wound culture has been prone to controversy for many years. Most diagnostic laboratories use conventional microbiological techniques to indicate if there are pathogens in a wound. Some specialists still argue that greater than 105 organisms per gram of tissue is diagnostic for infection. Introduction of new molecular techniques have shown that only a small percentage of bacteria are identified and they grown in biofilms, which makes sampling difficult. In this project, the aspect of sample collection and transport was investigated as well as the conventional and molecular approaches for bacteria identification and quantification. Four different swab transport systems were tested for their ability to maintain viability of the most common wound bacteria during transport and their performance with molecular methods in order to establish the best swab transport devices for further testing on patients. The most satisfactory results were achieved with Sigma dry swabs and this swab remained the best choice for further in vivo studies involving both conventional and molecular techniques of bacteria identification and quantification. The semi-quantitative swab and biopsy culture was compared with quantitative culture to establish the best method for bacteria culture. Our findings demonstrated a statistically strong significant correlation between semi-quantitative and quantitative swab and biopsy methods and use of semi-quantitative count as a cost effective method compared to quantitative serial dilutions. However, when time is important rapid methods should be employed thus Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the direct and rapid detection of MRSA and compared with conventional methods. The diagnostic values of the RT-PCR assay for the detection of mecA and femB genes were as follows: sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 88.5%, PPV 62.5% and NPV 95.8%. Quantitative analysis revealed that the average difference between the MRSA counts obtained using the RT-PCR and conventional culture results was 0.61 log. These findings show the potential of the RT-PCR assay in rapid detection and quantification of MRSA. Development of a RT-PCR assay for MRSA detection was the first step in developing a multiplex RT-PCR assay for chronic wound samples. In further studies, a DGGE-sequencing method was developed for the analysis of the diversity of microflora in chronic wounds and healthy feet and compared with conventional methods. DGGE-sequencing allowed identification of a number of strains not detected by culture techniques with 43% of the DGGE fragments representing organisms not cultured from the wound from which they had been amplified. This highlights the fact that a significant proportion of the resident microflora was not able to be analysed by culture. Development of PCR-DGGE sequencing and investigation of the diversity of microflora in chronic wounds allowed us to select the panel of microorganisms for the further development of multiplex RT-PCR assay for the rapid detection of bacteria in chronic wounds.

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Jansen, van Vuuren Samuel Jacobus. « Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses using conventional and molecular techniques ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57309.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a coagulase-positive, Gram-positive, coccal bacterium. It is one of the leading causes of both skin and invasive infections. It plays an important role in diagnostics and treatment due to its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA is an important nosocomial pathogen in both humans and animals due to its resistance to all ?-lactam antimicrobial agents. Colonization of MRSA in horses poses a great concern. This is considered an important risk factor for development of staphylococcal related diseases in horses admitted to veterinary hospitals. Colonized horses can also be a source of zoonotic MRSA infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection based on a PCR reaction is commonly used and various types of PCR-based assays were developed to assist in early detection of MRSA. The main aim of the study was to compare the currently used conventional microbiological techniques with a published multiplex PCR assay targeting the mecA, spa and pvl genes for the rapid and accurate identification of MRSA in horses admitted to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pretoria. A total of 50 isolates, which consists of isolates from horses and their immediate environment, were included in the study of which 94% (n=47) were shown to be infected with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus using conventional microbiological techniques. The remaining three gave inconsistent results. Their isolates were obtained, DNA was extracted and subjected to the multiplex PCR assay. The PCR results indicated that both the mecA and spa genes were present in 72% (n=36) of these isolates, indicative of MRSA strains. In 20% (n=10) of the isolates, only the spa gene could be detected; suggesting that these cannot be classified as being methicillin resistant. The pvl gene could not be detected in any of the isolates tested. A total of four isolates (8%) yielded results that were inconsistent with being MRSA using molecular identification. Overall there was a good correlation between genotypic analysis by PCR and phenotypic determination using S. aureus species identification and susceptibility testing methods. The multiplex PCR assay had a detection limit of 2.18 x 108 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. This detection limit is higher compared to other published molecular identification techniques used for Staphylococcus aureus but sensitive enough for the accurate detection of MRSA in overnight cultured isolates. Results suggest that the current PCR assay could be used as a supplementary diagnostic method in the routine diagnosis for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of S. aureus and its associated antibiotic resistance genes in equine samples.
Mini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
MSc
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Zhao, Liwei. « Identification of pharmacological agents that induce HMGB1 release and inhibitors of conventional protein secretion ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS134.

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Le système RUSH, de l’anglais « Retention using selective hook » est un système développé récemment qui permet d'analyser et de quantifier en temps réel le transport d'une grande diversité de protéines. Le système RUSH permet, grâce à un excès de molécules de Streptavidine (Str.) dirigées dans différents compartiments cellulaires (appelées les hameçons), de retenir des protéines appelées les rapporteurs, comportant un biocapteur fluorescent tel que la GFP (« Green fluorescent protein ») fusionné avec un peptide SBP (« Streptavidin-binding peptide »). L’addition de biotine dans le milieu perturbe l’interaction entre SBP et la Streptavidine, libérant ainsi les rapporteurs de leur hameçon. Basé sur le système RUSH, nous avons établi une méthode de criblage pour identifier des agents pharmacologiques dotés de la capacité à induire la libération d’HMGB1 (« High Mobility Group Box 1 »). La translocation d’HMGB1 depuis le noyau vers le cytoplasme, ainsi que sa sécrétion ou libération passive dans l'espace extracellulaire à travers les membranes plasmiques perméabilisées, représente un signal de danger essentiel à l’activation du système immunitaire. Dans ce système RUSH modifié, une protéine de fusion du Str-NLS3 a été utilisée comme un hameçon nucléaire pour retenir la protéine chimère constituée d'HMGB1, SBP et GFP (HMGB1-SBP-GFP). Lorsque de la biotine est ajoutée en combinaison à des chimiothérapies inductrices de la mort cellulaire immunogène (ICD) telles que les anthracyclines, elle se lie de manière compétitive à Str-NLS3 et permet la libération et la translocation nucléo-cytoplasmique des rapporteurs HMGB1-SBP-GFP. Nous avons utilisé ce système pour des criblages à haut débit visant à identifier des agents induisant le relargage d’HMGB1. Les agents identifiés appartiennent à trois catégories différentes : les inducteurs connus de l’ICD, les inhibiteurs des microtubules et les modificateurs épigénétiques. Leur effet a été confirmé par des méthodes multiples de mesure de la quantité protéique d’HMGB1 nucléaire, cytoplasmique et extracellulaire dans des cellules humaines et murines in vitro ainsi que dans le plasma de souris. Nos données révèlent également que ces agents induisent la libération d’HMGB1 par des mécanismes distincts : arrêt du cycle cellulaire, acétylation des histones ou effets « on-target » par l'inhibition d’ADN méthyltransférase. Il serait alors intéressant d'étudier si les effets décrits ici peuvent contribuer aux effets immunostimulateurs des médicaments utilisés pour le traitement de cancers ou de maladies parasitaires.Le système RUSH permettant la synchronisation et la quantification de la sécrétion des protéines du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) vers l'appareil de Golgi, il permet de cribler un grand nombre de composés afin d’identifier des inhibiteurs des sécrétions candidates. Nous avons conçu et construit une lignée cellulaire humaine exprimant les chimères SBP-GFP sécrétables ainsi que les hameçons Str-KDEL ciblant l’ER ; la biotine permet donc la libération du rapporteur par les voies de sécrétion classiques. Nous avons identifié et validé plusieurs médicaments qui sont capables d’inhiber la sécrétion de protéines : les anti-angineux, les antidépresseurs, les anti-helminthiques, anti-psychotiques, anti-protozoaires, et agents immunosuppresseurs. Ces composés varient dans leur capacité à inhiber la synthèse des protéines et de compromettre la morphologie du RE ou l'intégrité du Golgi. Les données ont ensuite été soumises à une analyse bio-informatique et cette procédure a permis l'identification de quatre groupes en fonction de leur mode d'action. Cette partie démontre la faisabilité et l'utilité d'un nouvel essai de criblage phénotypique basé sur le système RUSH. Nous avons conçu des systèmes de HSC (« High Content Screening ») basés sur le système RUSH, qui ont permis l'identification d'agents pharmacologiques induisant la libération d’HMGB1, ainsi que des inhibiteurs de la sécrétion protéique
The retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system allows withholding load cargoes with fluorescent biosensor such as green fluorescent proteins (GFP) fused to a streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) by an excess of streptavidin (Str) molecules that are addressed to different subcellular localizations. Addition of biotin competitively disrupts this interaction, liberating the reporter from its hook. Based on the RUSH system, we developed a screening assay to identify pharmacological agents endowed with HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) releasing capacities. The translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its secretion or passive release through the permeabilized plasma membrane constitutes a major cellular danger signal. Extracellular HMGB1 can interact with specific pattern recognition receptors to stimulate pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory pathways. In this modified RUSH system, a Str-NLS3 fusion protein was used as a nuclear hook to seize SBP fused with HMGB1 and GFP. When combined with biotin, which competitively binds to Stre-NLS3 to free the HMGB1-SBP-GFP, immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers such as anthracyclines were able to cause the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1-SBP-GFP. We used this system for high-content screenings (HCS) to identify HMGB1 releasing agents. Hits fell into three functional categories: known ICD inducers, microtubule inhibitors, and epigenetic modifiers. Their effective action was confirmed by multiple methods monitoring nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular HMGB1 pools, both in cultured human or murine cells, as well as in mouse plasma. These agents induced HMGB1 release through a whole set of distinct mechanisms, cell cycle arrest, histone acetylation, or on-target effect. It will be interesting to learn whether such effects may contribute to the immunostimulatory effects of drugs that are used to treat malignant disease or worm infection. For HCS of identification of pharmacological inhibitors of conventional protein secretion, we constructed a human cell line co-expressing soluble secretory-SBP-GFP (ss-SBP-GFP) and Str-KDEL hook within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and biotin addition releases the reporter, ss-SBP-GFP via the conventional Golgi-dependent protein secretion pathway into the culture supernatant. We identified and validated a series of molecularly unrelated drugs including antianginal, antidepressant, anthelmintic, antipsychotic, antiprotozoal and immunosuppressive agents that inhibit protein secretion. These compounds vary in their capacity to suppress protein synthesis and to compromise ER morphology and Golgi integrity, as well as in the degree of reversibility of such effects. These data was then subjected to bioinformatics analysis including correlation analyses, non-supervised hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis and led to the identification of 4 clusters of agents. We demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a novel RUSH-based phenotypic screening assay. In summary, we built HCS systems based on the improved RUSH sysytem for identification of agents that induce HMGB1 release or inhibit conventional protein secretion

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Wallace, Darrell Richard. « A comparative analysis of a conventional versus a computer-assisted technique for identification of mechanical power press hazards ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141670152.

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Awakura, Yasuo. « Microarray-based identification of CUB-domain containing protein 1 as a potential prognostic marker in conventional renal cell carcinoma ». Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124251.

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Abedin, Zainal. « The identification of novel urine biomarkers of chronic kidney disease that offer better prediction of progression than conventional clinical methods ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13805/.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. A major limitation of therapeutic interventions is failure of identification at early and intermediate stages. The current markers of CKD like albuminuria, proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are typically altered when the kidney has already experienced moderate to severe damage. Therefore, there is a requirement to search for new biomarkers for the better identification of CKD. The overall aim of this project was to look for new protein markers that could be assayed in patients’ urine. Potential new candidate markers of CKD progression were identified by reviewing recent literature and by exploring the cytokine contents of patient urine samples through array-based multiplex immunological assays. These literature searches identified KIM-1, MCP-1 and NGAL, which are already used as markers of acute kidney injury, as possible new markers of CKD. Additionally the results of array-based immunological assays (Proteome Profiler Arrays) identified CXCL-16, DPP-IV, leptin and IL-8 as potential biomarkers. Our hypothesis was that the urine levels of these proteins might reflect the extent of fibrosis and thus the rate of CKD progression. This was tested by performing ELISA assays of our candidates on urine samples from a cohort of 262 patients with various types of CKD and rate of progression and, for controls, from 47 healthy individuals. Patients were categorised as non-progressors or progressors based on loss of eGFR per year (≤ 2 and > 2ml/min/yr, respectively). The predictive potential of the candidate markers were then assessed through statistical analyses of the ELISA results. The results suggest that KIM-1 predicts the progression of CKD, though less accurately than the current clinical marker albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR). DPP-IV and CXCL-16 also appear to predict progression for diabetic patients and CXCL-16 also seem to be predictive for hypertensive patients. Finally, at the end of the project, a pilot quantitative analysis of urine proteomes by mass spectrometry was undertaken to identify new candidate markers using the iTRAQ methodology. While the power of this pilot study was limited, it identified 4 possible candidate markers (Apolipoprotein-A1, Cathepsin-D, Fibrinogen and haemoglobin β) and identified the technical requirements for planning more successful new attempts in the future. The predictive value of the candidates identified by iTRAQ remains to be assayed in future studies.

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Kinney, Erinna Lea. « Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of (Enterococccus) spp. and (Salmonella) spp. from conventional poultry farms transitioning to organic farming practices ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9315.

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Thesis (M.P.H.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Hatcher, Anthony. « Comparison of Micrscan Identification and Susceptibility Testing Methods for Streptococcus Dysgalactiae to Conventional Biochemical Reactions and Kirby-Bauer Susceptibility Testing Methods ». TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/970.

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A total of 100 isolates of Streptococcus dysgalact iae from bovine mastitis infections was used to evaluate and compare the biochemical reactions of the gram positive Combo Type 6 panel on the MicroScan autoSCANR system to a conventional procedure for identification of streptococci. Of the 100 isolates, 83.3% was identified as "Very Rare Biotype" by the MicroScan and classified as S. dysgalactiae by conventional methods. Of the remaining 16.7%, MicroScan identified 3.3% as Streptococcus morbillorum, 3.3% as Aerococcus viridians, 3.3% as Streptococcus constellatum/milleri, 1.7% as Streptococcus agalactiae, 1.7% as Streptococcus mitis, 1.7% as Streptococcus sanguis, and 1.7% as Streptococcus intermidis/rni 1 leri. The identification of bacteria other than Very Rare Biotype can be attributed to code profiles listed in the MicroScan which demonstrate biochemical reactions similar to S. dysgalact iae. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 94 S. dysgalactiae isolates to 16 antibiotics was determined by the MicroScan system. Of the antibiotics tested, each demonstrated greater than 85% susceptibility against the 94 strains of S. dysgalactiae. Of the 16 antibiotics used in the MicroScan, nine were compared to the standard Kirby-Bauer method and/or results obtained from the literature. S. dysgalactiae was reported as sensitive to penicillin on 89.4% of the strains tested by the MicroScan, 98.4% by the Kirby-Bauer method, and 98.0% by the literature references. In testing 94 strains for susceptibility to gentamicin by two methods, MicroScan resulted in 98.0% comparability to literature values but 83.6% to the Kirby-Bauer technique. The other antibiotics tested on the MicroScan and compared to the Kirby-Bauer and/or literature values illustrated a comparison of greater than 90%. In this study, 36 isolates of S. dysgalactiae demonstrating resistance to tetracycline, single, and multiple antibiotics were analyzed for plasmids. The evidence of plasmids was not detected as analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. All 100 isolates of S. dysgalactiae, with the exception of one, were tested serologically for the presence of C antigen. Each isolate tested was classified as a Group C streptococci. Each of the 100 isolates was stored in 5% sheep red blood cells at -20°C for one year. Each isolate was revived, with the exception of one, and demonstrated characteristic streptococcal colony morphology. The storage recovery rate was 99% and is an acceptable storage method for streptococci.

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Bowen, Jane Elizabeth. « Factors affecting conventional and molecular detection of Bacillus anthracis in the environment and the stability of B. anthracis identification plasmids PX01 and PX02 in vitro ». Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58018/.

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Conventional and molecular methods for the improved detection of B. anthracis in environmental material were studied. A system was developed which combines a selective enrichment broth with two-phase concentration using polyethylene glycol and potassium phosphate to form the two immiscible phases. The enrichment broth alone, based on polymyxin B sulphate, lysozyme, EDTA and thallous acetate, which comprise PLET agar (PLETA), allowed the selective recovery of B. anthracis from a mixture of B. anihracis and closely related B. cereus. When soil was added to the broth, however, B. anthracis was rapidly overgrown by other naturally occurring Bacillus species. Recovery of B. anlhracis was improved by using semi-solid PLET broth or by adding chelating agents or the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam to the broth. The combination of chemicals required for optimal recovery of B. anthracis varied according to the composition of the soil. Use of the two-phase concentration system showed that in soil B. anthracis spores are generally attached to soil particles and need to be separated before they can be concentrated. Separation was achieved by pre-soaking the soil in water. The sensitivity of standard PLETA is approximately 5- 50 spores per gram of soil depending on the sample composition. The system finally recommended for the most reliable and sensitive detection of spores in soil achieved an average 25 fold greater sensitivity than PLETA. Further enrichment of the B. anthrcicis concentrate obtained using the optimised enrichment method allowed the PCR detection of B. cinthracis DNA. The sensitivity of the PCR was affected by the composition of the soil. In the absence of inhibition the PCR detection limit was approximately 10 - 100 spores per gram. A multiplex PCR was developed which targets DNA from pXO1, pX02 and the B. anthracis chromosome. The PCR allowed the rapid identification of colonies suspected of being B. anthracis. In addition to being essential for the definitive identification of B. anthracis, the ability to determine the presence of virulence plasmids in B. anthracis has reduced the need to use animals for virulence tests. Attenuated pX01⁺/pX02^- or pX01^-/pX02^- strains of B. anthracis are occasionally found in the environment. Naturally occurring pX01^-/pX02^- derivatives have not been isolated. No other plasmid DNA has been identified in B. anthracis. To examine the nature of the stability of pX01 and pX02 in B. anthracis, the effect of selective pressure for non-indigenous plasmid DNA that had been introduced into B. nnthracis was studied. A plasmid based on the minimal replicon of pAMß 1 (pAEX-5E, 5.8. kb) was found to be stable in pX01⁺/pX02^- and pX01^-/pX02⁺ derivatives of B. anthracis for more than 100 generations of growth. In the pX01⁺/pX02^- and pX01⁺/pX02^- derivatives of B. anthracis, pAEX-5E was expelled within 105 culture generations. Loss of pAEX-5E was most rapid in the pX01⁺/pX02^- derivative. Plasmids pXOI and pX02 both remained stable under selection pressure for pAEX-5E, and in the pX01⁺/pX02^- derivative retention of pX01 led to a reduction in growth rate. This indicates that, in the absence of pX02, B. anlhracis will endure a significant metabolic compromise in order to retain pX01. This study has provided extensive new information about the selective recovery of B. anthracis. in environmental material and novel'data about the stability of identity plasmids pXO1 and pX02 under selective pressure for non-indigenous plasmid DNA.

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Ivanov, Valentin [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Augsburg, Johann [Gutachter] Reger et Roland [Gutachter] Kasper. « Advanced automotive active safety systems : focus on integrated chassis control for conventional and electric vehicles with identification of road conditions / Valentin Ivanov ; Gutachter : Klaus Augsburg, Johann Reger, Roland Kasper ». Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148438866/34.

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Livres sur le sujet "Conventional identification"

Karmakar, Nemai Chandra. Chipless and conventional radio frequency identification : Systems for ubiquitous tagging. Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, 2012.

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Johnson, Anne M. Detection of infectious Cryptosporidium in conventionally treated drinking water. Denver, Colo : Water Research Foundation, 2010.

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Organization, International Civil Aviation, dir. Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection, done at Montréal on 1 March 1991 = : Convention sur le marquage des explosifs plastiques et en feuilles aux fins de détection, faite à Montréal le 1er mars 1991 = Convenio sobre la marcación de explosivos plásticos para los fines de detección, hecho en Montréal el 1o de marzo de 1991. 2^e éd. Montréal, Québec : International Civil Aviation Organization, 2007.

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W, Fischer, Hureau J. C, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. et Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources., dir. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes : Southern Ocean (fishing areas 48, 58 and 88) : (CCAMLR Convention area). Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1985.

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W, Fischer, Hureau J. C et Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., dir. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes, southern ocean : Fishing areas 48, 58, and 88, CCAMLR Convention area. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1985.

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Canada, Canada Environment, et CITES (Organization), dir. CITES identification guide - crocodilians : Guide to the identification of crocodilian species controlled under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora = Guide d'identification CITES - crocodiliens : guide d'identification des crocodiliens protégés par la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction = Guía de identificación de CITES cocodrilos : Guía de identificación de los cocodrilos protegidas por la Convención sobre el comercio internacional de especies amenazadas de fauna y flora silvestres. [Ottawa] : Environment Canada, 1995.

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Service, Canadian Wildlife, Cégep de Baie-Comeau et CITES (Organization), dir. CITES identification guide - birds : Guide to the identification of bird species controlled under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora = Guide d'identification CITES - oiseaux : guide d'identification des oiseaux protégés par la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction = Guía de identificatión de CITES aves : Guía de identificatión de las aves protegidas por la Convención sobre el comercio internacional de especies amenazadas de fauna y flora silvestres. Ottawa : Canadian Wildlife Service = Service canadien de la faune, 1994.

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Korupsi, Indonesia Komisi Pemberantasan. Identification of gaps between laws/regulations of the Republic of Indonesia and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption : Gap analysis study report. Jakarta : Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, 2006.

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Canada, Canada Environment, dir. CITES identification guide. : Guide to the identification of butterfly species controlled under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora = Guide d'identification CITES. Papillons : guide d'identification des papillons protégés par la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction. Ottawa : Environment Canada, 2000.

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Canada, Canada Environment, et Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, dir. CITES identification guide - sturgeons and paddlefish : Guide to the identification of sturgeon and paddlefish species controlled under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora = Guide d'identification CITES - esturgeons et spatules : guide d'identification des esturgeons et spatules protégés par la Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction. Ottawa : Environment Canada, 2001.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Conventional identification"

Nekoogar, Faranak, et Farid Dowla. « Characteristics and Limitations of Conventional RFIDs ». Dans Ultra-Wideband Radio Frequency Identification Systems, 25–49. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9701-2_2.

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Basak, Suradeep, et Prathapkumar Halady Shetty. « Conventional Microbial Counting and Identification Techniques ». Dans Techniques to Measure Food Safety and Quality, 69–89. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68636-9_4.

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Khashman, Adnan. « Intelligent Identification System for Poultry Portion Sorting ». Dans Conventional and Advanced Food Processing Technologies, 691–704. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406281.ch28.

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Barreno, Felipe, Matilde Santos et Manuel G. Romana. « Fuzzy-Logic Based Identification of Conventional Two-Lane Roads ». Dans Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 418–28. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57802-2_40.

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Hargreaves, Michael D., et Howell G. M. Edwards. « Identification of Ivory by Conventional Backscatter Raman and SORS ». Dans Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science, 447–54. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119962328.ch8a.

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Cardinali, Gianluigi, Gianni Liti et Fabrizio Fatichenti. « Non-Radioactive Dot Blot DNA Reassociation for Unequivocal Yeast Identification ». Dans Non-Conventional Yeasts in Genetics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 469–74. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55758-3_73.

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Al-Ahmad, Mohamad, Alain d’Acunto et Patrick Martin. « Identification of Plunge Milling Parameters to Compare with Conventional Milling ». Dans Advances in Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering II, 461–74. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6761-7_31.

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Turk, Martina, Laurence Méjanelle et Ana Plemenitaš. « Isolation and Identification of Lipids from the Halophilic Black Yeast Hortaea werneckii ». Dans Non-Conventional Yeasts in Genetics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 135–42. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55758-3_21.

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Röth, Leonce. « Pathway Analysis, Causal Mediation, and the Identification of Causal Mechanisms ». Dans Texts in Quantitative Political Analysis, 123–51. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12982-7_6.

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AbstractThis chapter presents the systematic analysis of causal mechanisms from the perspective of pathway analysis as an essential complement to conventional approaches to causation. It builds on the evidence that credible causal identification defies design-based strategies such as randomization or linear mediation analysis unless their research designs are supported by reliable mechanistic knowledge. The chapter reasons that the reliable causal identification of a mechanism requires the concept of ‘natural indirect effect’ and a double-nested counterfactual strategy. It discusses the empirical quantification of causal mechanisms and its underlying assumptions, offers empirical examples that clarify them, and reviews the conditions and limits of the strategy.

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Yang, David. « An Identification Method for the Viscoelastic Characterization of Materials ». Dans Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 2, 41–53. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4241-7_7.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Conventional identification"

Miller, Thomas G. « Decision making using conventional calculations versus neural networks for substance identification ». Dans Substance Identification Technologies, sous la direction de James L. Flanagan, Richard J. Mammone, Albert E. Brandenstein, Edward R. Pike, Stelios C. A. Thomopoulos, Marie-Paule Boyer, H. K. Huang et Osman M. Ratib. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.172499.

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Haase, Arnim B., et Bill N. Goodway. « Converted wave identification in conventional P‐wave data ». Dans SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816541.

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Soufian, M. « Practical comparison of neural networks and conventional identification methodologies ». Dans Fifth International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19970737.

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Costa, Marly G. F., Cicero F. F. Costa Filho, Juliana F. Sena, Julia Salem et Mari O. de Lima. « Automatic identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis with conventional light microscopy ». Dans 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649170.

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Issaadi, Wassila, Malika Mazouzi et Salim Issaadi. « Command of a photovoltaic system by artificial intelligence, comparatives studies with conventional controls : Results, improvements and perspectives ». Dans 2016 8th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmic.2016.7804179.

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Lu, Shaoming, George A. McMechan et Alfred Liaw. « Identification of SWF Sands by Elastic Inversion of Conventional 3D Seismic Data ». Dans Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/15247-ms.

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Alyammahi, Hajer, et Panos Liatsis. « Towards Identification of Appliances in Conventional Homes using ML and Descriptive Statistics ». Dans 2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922599.

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Islam, Md Atiqul, Ying Xu, Saeed Afshar, Travis Monk et Andre Van Schaik. « Investigation of Auditory Nerve Model and Conventional Approaches in Noise-Robust Speaker Identification ». Dans 2021 6th International Conference on Frontiers of Signal Processing (ICFSP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsp53514.2021.9646420.

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Kozukue, Wakae, et Hideyuki Miyaji. « Force Identification Using Neural Network ». Dans ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2763.

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Due to various causes, a machine generates and undergoes dynamic loads during its operation. These dynamic loads are the main source of vibration and noise. If dynamic loads can be identified exactly, it will become possible to provide data effective for the reduction of vibration and noise. However, by the method of identification of dynamic loads of the conventional multiple input systems, noise has large influence on the accuracy. Thus, in this paper, the identification method based on neural network (NN) are proposed for independent multiple input loads, and the result of the simulation by using the conventional method and NN are shown and compared in detail.

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Ciuperca, C., C. Badulescu, B. Niculescu et A. Negut. « Identification Of Open Natural Fractures Using Conventional Wireline Logs, Borehole Imaging And Stoneley Waves ». Dans 9th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. Netherlands : EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702590.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Conventional identification"

Rachel Henderson. Identification, Verification, and Compilation of Produced Water Management Practices for Conventional Oil and Gas Production Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/927588.

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Liebreich, Michael, Michal Grabka et Piotr Pajda. Opportunities for Electric Ferries in Latin America. Sous la direction de Marcelino Madrigal, Raúl Rodriguez Molina et Juan Roberto Paredes. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003026.

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This report provides an overview of the opportunity represented by the electrification of inland and coastal ferries in Latin America and the Caribbean. A review of electric ferry activity around the world and interviews with several project teams has been undertaken. In addition, a construction of an economic model the LATAM e-Ferry Model (LEFM) comparing the capital and operating costs of a typical mid-sized electric ferry to those of a conventional diesel-powered ferry was implemented. Finally, an assessment of five initial candidate routes for electrification and analysis of the electric ferry supply chain and identification of addressable market size in Latin America was determined.

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Mort, A. Controls on the distribution and composition of gas and condensate in the Montney resource play. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329790.

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The Montney resource play has evolved from a peripheral conventional play to one of the most important hydrocarbon-producing unconventional resource plays in North America and has remained resilient throughout the economic challenges of recent years. Despite maturing as a resource play as a result of more than 15 years of unconventional development and research there are still aspects of the play that are not fully de-risked and prediction of fluid quality remains haphazard due to the complex interplay of geological and engineering factors. Among these are the delineation of structural and stratigraphic barriers and conduits, identification of enigmatic source rocks, which defy traditional methods, evaluating effects of fluid migration and the difficulty in predicting phase behavior in a tight, but open system. This study uses a combined approach leveraging geochemical tools combined with spatial and stratigraphic analysis in an attempt to improve current understanding of these issues.

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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer et Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.

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Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).

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Hayes, Anne M. Assessment as a Service Not a Place : Transitioning Assessment Centers to School-Based Identification Systems. RTI Press, avril 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0064.2004.

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The World Health Organization and World Bank (2011) estimate that there are more than 1 billion people with disabilities in the world. To address this population’s diverse needs, the United Nations drafted their Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006. Article 24 (Education) of the CRPD requires ratifying countries to develop an inclusive education system to address the educational needs of students with disabilities alongside their peers without disabilities. Despite substantive improvements and movement toward inclusive education, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to struggle with accurately identifying and supporting students with disabilities, including knowing how to effectively screen, evaluate, and qualify students for additional services (Hayes, Dombrowski, Shefcyk, & Bulat, 2018a). These challenges stem from the lack of policies, practices, and qualified staff related to screening and identification. As a result, many students with less-apparent disabilities—such as children with learning disabilities—remain unidentified and do not receive the academic supports they need to succeed in school (Friend & Bursuck, 2012). This guide attempts to address the lack of appropriate, useful disability screening and identification systems and services as countries look to educate all students in inclusive settings. Specifically, this guide introduces viable options for screening and identification related to vision, hearing, and learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms in LMICs. It also provides guidance on how LMICs can transition from an assessment-center model toward a school-based identification model that better serves an inclusive education system.

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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin et Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.

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Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.

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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs et Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,

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