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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Contracts – Italy »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Contracts – Italy"

Valentino, Daniela. « The Rent to Buy in Italy : Mater artium necessitas ». European Business Law Review 29, Issue 2 (1 avril 2018) : 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2018012.

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The paper analyzes the legal issues of rent-to-buy contracts which are mostly preferred in times of crises due to the lack of liquidity and the increased difficulty in obtaining credit for house purchase. Scholars qualify these agreements as a sale subject to a deferred payment and constant installments. The complexity of the bargain could lead to reflect alternatively on two independent and autonomous yet connected contracts or a new contract, characterized by its unique and original purpose (“causa”). Indeed, the essential articulation of the monthly option credit and the monthly rent amount is a typical pattern in rent-to-buy agreements. Unsurprisingly, Art. 23 of the Law Decree n. 133 of 12 September 2014 makes a clear choice for the latter: a single contractual sequence composed of two elements, one of which is merely accidental. The author also points out that the new type of contract is part of a series of contracts of enjoyment finalized upon the subsequent purchase. The phenomenon is carefully analyzed in practice, based also on the experience and the debate in France, Germany and the United States.

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Venturi, Davide, Chiara Bizzarro et Flavia Pasquini. « The Certification of Employment Contracts : A Legal Instrument for Labour Market Regulation in Italy ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 26, Issue 1 (1 mars 2010) : 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2010007.

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In a perspective of indirect regulation of the labour market, this paper analyses the Italian legal procedure known as ‘certification of employment contracts’ (hereinafter ‘certification’). This procedure consists of an examination of the lawfulness of employment and supply chain contracts. Contracts are submitted to a panel of experts in labour law (civil servants, professionals, academics) who undertake a review of the documentation, perform advisory functions and decide whether to award certification or not. The panel takes into account the key principles underlying certification: fairness, the true nature of the agreement between the parties, and compliance of the contract with objective organizational and productive requirements. Certification seeks to enforce labour standards through the proper use of contractual models, in order to manifest the true intention of the parties and to represent their interests. In this paper the issue is addressed from a regulatory perspective. First, it is noted that all employment and supply chain contracts are eligible for certification. Although apparently different, these contracts share a common matrix: the global process of ‘vertical disintegration’ of the firm. Second, certification is seen as a form of labour market regulation, which is neither a compulsory process, nor a matter of pure self-regulation. Rather, it may be seen as a form of enforced self-regulation, or ‘co-regulation’ undertaken on a voluntary basis by the parties, relying on the competence and expertise of the members of the certification panel, who act impartially. Employers are under no obligation to refer their contracts to a certification panel, but if they do so and receive a positive ruling, the certification gives the contract a legal presumption of fairness, certifying its conformity with legal principles for the purpose of preventing disputes at a later stage.

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CARACAUSI, ANDREA. « A reassessment of the role of guild courts in disputes over apprenticeship contracts : a case study from early modern Italy ». Continuity and Change 32, n^o 1 (19 avril 2017) : 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416017000029.

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AbstractThis article analyses the mechanisms of conflict resolution in apprenticeship contracts using a large database of disputes from early modern Italy. It finds that the guild court under investigation (the Padua Woollen Guild court) did not enforce training contracts, but rather sought to improve on incomplete contracts by adding clauses, thereby helping individuals renegotiate and redefine the contractual arrangements into which they had decided to enter. However, power relations within the court operated largely in favour of employers, both merchants and master craftsmen. The article concludes that alternative contract enforcement systems, such as municipal or state courts, were probably better suited than corporative systems for resolving disputes surrounding apprenticeship.

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Napoli, Francesco. « Corporate governance and firm networks : An empirical research based on Italy ». Corporate Ownership and Control 15 (2018) : 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i2c1p9.

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We examine problems of strategic change and innovation in Italian firms which develop cooperative relationships with other firms. The inter-firm network phenomenon has taken on such importance in Italy that, in 2009, the State issued a law (Decreto Legge 5/2009) specifically to regulate the concluding of cooperative contracts for the formation of inter-firm networks. This law offers firms that wish to keep their groups of owners separate the possibility to establish a multiplicity of inter-firm relationships through the signing of just one single contract, named “Contratto di rete”, which, in this paper, we will refer to as a “network contract”. For historical reasons, all firms in Italy, even those quoted on the stock market (Milan Stock Exchange), exhibit a high level of ownership concentration. The largest class of blockholders is that of families who are active in the family firm. As regards the size of firms that maintain cooperative relationships, data on network contracts show that 95% of the firms stipulating these contracts are small- or medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), so categorised because they have fewer than 50 employees. Through strategic alliances and collaborative relationships, Italian family firms have been able to develop business ideas that, as a consequence of the companies’ small dimensions, would have been impossible otherwise. On the basis of this premise, we considered it convenient to analyse small- or medium-sized family ﬁrms that developed relationships of cooperation regulated by network contracts in the period between 1/1/2013 and 31/12/2016. With reference to this category of firm, we analysed data on strategic change and innovation for a sample of 391 firms that accepted to be interviewed by us. Some of these firms had opened their top management teams (TMT) and/or their Boards of Directors to the participation of individuals from outside the dominant family, while others had not. The results of this research show that the firm that extends participation in the board or the Top Management Team by involving individuals from outside the dominant family, so as to gain better access to critical resources controlled by partners, creates a more favourable context for strategic change and innovation.

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Jentsch, Valentin. « Government Responses on Corona and Contracts in Europe : A Compilation of Extraordinary Measures in Times of Crisis ». European Business Law Review 32, Issue 6 (1 décembre 2021) : 1067–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2021039.

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In March 2020, the new coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak, which was eventually declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, changed everyday life all over Europe from one day to another. Under those extraordinary circumstances, a wide range of issues concerning the law of contracts are becoming particularly important. In the early stages of the pandemic, during lockdowns and a subsequent reopening of the economy, many European countries have implemented significant and unprecedented measures in response to the current crisis. Against this backdrop, the more fundamental question arises whether and to what extent we need an extraordinary law of contracts in times of pandemic. Drawing on five important civil law jurisdictions (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy), the paper provides for an analysis and discussion of various extraordinary measures taken by European governments and puts these measures into perspective. A functional and comparative approach is used to elaborate on how contract law should respond to the current crisis. Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, commercial contracts, consumer contracts, employment contracts, lease contracts

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Kuznetsova, S. S. « Topical issues of the realization and protection of human rights in the practice of smart contract technology application ». Law Enforcement Review 6, n^o 1 (24 mars 2022) : 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(1).134-149.

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The subject and the aim of the study. The article analyzes the approach to smart contract technology, which is reflected in the scientific literature and legislation of Russia and foreign countries, formulates the advantages and disadvantages of a smart contract that affect the implementation and protection of certain constitutional rights, including freedom of contract, the right to protect, the right to manage personal data.Methodology. Guided by formal dogmatic and comparative law methods in research, the author formulates approaches to the concept of a smart contract that has been developed in the practice of foreign countries and deduces how each of the approaches affects the implementation of constitutional human rights. The paper notes that the use of a smart contract based on the federal blockchain does not allow the full implementation of such rights as freedom of contract, the right to self-defense, and the right to manage personal data. In addition, the transnational nature of smart contracts usage, their pseudonymity and failure to unified concept of legal regulation create obstacles to the effective implementation of the right to judicial protection.The main results. The practice of legal regulation of smart contracts in foreign countries, aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the use of technology is considered. Some countries follow to the concept of recognizing a smart contract as a form of contract (Italy, United States, Republic of Belarus) and a way of guaranteeing fulfilment of obligations (China, Italy, Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation). The second concept is considered as being the most restrictive for digital progress from one side but being able to guarantee protection of human rights such as right to judicial protection or freedom of contract. The first concept which shows smart contract being a type of contract carries additional risks associated with conclusion of a treaty - inconsistency of the smart contract with the actual will of the parties. The third concept considered smart contract as a type of contract is accepted in the Republic of Malta. The Republic of Malta regulated procedure of voluntary certification for smart contracts that allow to eliminate such threats as violation of human rights and the use of smart contracts for criminal purposes. The experience of legal regulation of smart contracts in the Republic of Malta is recognized as reasonable and effective, however, it is concluded that certification will achieve its goals only if it will be implemented in the legal system of wide range of the countries.Conclusions. It is concluded that despite the fact that the smart contract technology has high potential for its implementation in various fields of social and economic life, the effective implementation of smart contract technology in various spheres of society requires the formation of general legal principles for their application, the definition of areas in which the use of smart contracts is prohibited, as well as the development of international standards for their safe execution.

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Valentino, Daniela. « Software Assistance and Maintenance Contracts ». European Business Law Review 27, Issue 4 (1 août 2016) : 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2016024.

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The paper analyzes the legal issues related to software assistance and maintenance agreements. Contracts generally provide for highly diverse performances and are aimed at providing a global service. Since the assistance and maintenance agreement generally entails a long-term relationship, the regulations for long-term supply contract’s apply. Nevertheless, in specific circumstances, even the rules for service contracts may be applied. In Italy, like in other EU jurisdictions, the applicable regulatory framework depends on the content of the contract. The provider company naturally tends to restrict its liability in proportion to effectively commissioned activity. Exclusion clauses including intentional damage or gross negligence are void, while par. 2 of Article 1229 of the Italian Civil Code permits limitation of liability in cases of minor negligence. The impossibility of changing contractual terms disadvantages the weaker contracting party and the procedure imposed by par 2 of Art. 1341 c.c. has proved inadequate to protect the customer. Art. 9, of Law n 192 of 18 June 1998 (“Disciplina della subfornitura nelle attivita produttive”), which is now considered to be general principle allows exclusion clauses providing for minor negligence to be deemed void, if they oversimplify the debtor position, by defining the requirements of minor negligence. In addition, clauses regarding exclusion or limitation of liability towards third parties, beyond the limit set by Art. 1229, require an assessment based on the nature of the interest which is concretely protected.

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Rizzo, Ilde. « Efficiency and Integrity Issues in Public Procurement Performance ». Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 31, n^o 1 (1 avril 2013) : 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569213x15664519748613.

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Abstract The paper offers an overview of some theoretical and empirical issues underlying the performance of public works contracts and outlines the connections between efficiency and integrity. It is stressed that performance strongly depends on the rules governing the various phases of the contract: because of the specific features of public works, the efficiency of open procedures to select the contractor is questioned and the relevance of the implementation phase for the outcome of public procurement is emphasized. Looking at the Italian case, some examples of empirical investigation on the performance of these contracts are provided and a discussion of the existing rules is offered. Costs overruns and delays, characterizing most public works contracts, are ‘red flags’ of poor performance and suggest that more attention should be given to the execution phase. A policy implication stemming from the analysis is that in Italy incentive schemes for procurement officers, to make them outcome-oriented rather than procedure-oriented, are needed: more discretion and responsibilities would call for adequate rewards and would require effective ex-post monitoring systems, also through benchmarking analyses. In this direction, standard costs need to be taken into consideration and implemented and, at the same time, a careful use of transparency is advocated to enhance accountability and to promote the integrity of public action.

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Di Lorenzo, Pierpaolo, Mariano Paternoster, Mariarosaria Nugnes, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Vincenzo Graziano et Massimo Niola. « Professional dental and oral surgery liability in Italy : a comparative analysis of the insurance products offered to health workers ». Open Medicine 11, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2016) : 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2016-0051.

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AbstractIntroductionIn Italy there has been an increase in claims for damages for alleged medical malpractice. A study was therefore conducted that aimed at assessing the content of the coverage of insurance policy contracts offered to oral health professionals by the insurance market.Material and methodsThe sample analysed composed of 11 insurance policy contracts for professional dental liability offered from 2010 to 2015 by leading insurance companies operating in the Italian market.ResultsThe insurance products analysed are structured on the “claims made” clause. No policy contract examined covers the damage due to the failure to acquire consent for dental treatment and, in most cases, damage due to unsatisfactory outcomes of treatment of an aesthetic nature and the failure to respect regulatory obligations on privacy.DiscussionOn entering into a professional liability insurance policy contract, the dentist should pay particular attention to the period covered by the guarantee, the risks both covered and excluded, as well as the extent of the limit of liability and any possible fixed/percentage excess.ConclusionsWhen choosing a professional liability contract, a dentist should examine the risks in relation to the professional activity carried out before signing.

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Rundo et Luigi Di Stallo. « A Review of the Main Issues on the Loan Contracts : Asymmetric Information, Poor Transparency, and Hidden Costs ». Economies 7, n^o 3 (4 septembre 2019) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7030091.

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The well-known subprime mortgage crisis, which began to manifest in early 2007, since when the effects of the speculative bubble begin to become evident from the increase in default rates in residential mortgages, has triggered a global crisis that has pushed various legislations over time to implement a series of financial reforms with the specific objective of avoiding that similar phenomena could be repeated over time. The ability to repay a loan is strongly influenced by the amortization algorithm that the bank has decided to adopt. This appears even more evident in variable interest rate loans since, as the economic conditions of the indexation parameter change, the definition of the loan balance and the related portion of interest will be decisive in relation to the borrower’s ability to repay the loaned capital. A study of the main amortization algorithms and the related descriptions in the bank contracts will allow us to show which are the main issues due to an information asymmetry that, unfortunately, characterizes this type of contract and would seem to be one of the main reasons that lie at the root of the aforementioned crisis of subprime mortgages in the USA. Moreover, the authors will provide a clear analysis of the financial indicators usually reported in loan contracts and how often these indications are insufficient to characterize the actual cost of the loan. Furthermore, by highlighting the discretionary choice that banks often obtain following the contractual loan schemes commonly offered to retail and corporate clients, we will show how this often translates into greater cost to the borrower. Finally, we will propose two possible solutions to the problems highlighted, thus allowing us to reduce this information gap, which unfortunately translates into greater costs for customers with the associated increase in default rates, or the so-called nonperforming loan (NPLs) contracts. Therefore, the objective of this contribution is to show which are the most critical aspects of the bank contracts related to contractual transparency and to the presence or otherwise of hidden costs, i.e., not expressly shown in the contract. Specifically, we refer to the loan contracts issued in Italy both with reference to the local banking legislation and to the European one to which Italy must often refer.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Contracts – Italy"

FIRINU, ANTONIO. « UNDECLARED FLEXIBILITY. THE IRREGULARITIES IN NONSTANDARD WORK IN ITALY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/213807.

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The thesis focuses on new forms of irregularity emerging within the application of non-standard working contracts. By an empirical research in the province of Brescia and Cagliari it has been found that often non standard forms of employment are characterized by “gray areas” very difficult to identify within a clear legal framework. Precisely, flexible contractual arrangements, in particular self-employment contracts in Cagliari and illegal labour outsourcing in Brescia, are often used improperly by employers in order to lower production costs and sometimes disguise full-time subordinated working relations. The ultimate aim of the paper is to draw an analytical picture over the flexibility-irregularity relationship in Italy. The theoretical assumption asserting that the increasing use of nonstandard form of employment has always a positive effect on the reduction of undeclared work, which is usually considered as a phenomenon never intersecting with the formal work regulation, is here criticized. This paper claims the existence of a parallel mechanism of complementarity between irregularity and flexibility whenever their interaction results in the creation of new forms of undeclared work. The analysis finds here a new theoretical elaboration claiming the existence of a new management strategy here termed as “Undeclared flexibility” – meaning the practice of using part of the workforce in a flexible way within and outside the legal framework regulation according to the requirements of production, keeping the absolute level of tax payments at the minimum costs. The consequences on the supply side are the emergence of new social insecurities related to new type of irregularities.

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Ekstrum, Dave. « Naples and the Emergence of the Tenor as Hero in Italian Serious Opera ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157563/.

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The dwindling supply of castrati created a crisis in the opera world in the early 19th century. Castrati had dominated opera seria throughout the 18th century, but by the early 1800s their numbers were in decline. Impresarios and composers explored two voice types as substitutes for the castrato in male leading roles in serious operas: the contralto and the tenor. The study includes data from 242 serious operas that premiered in Italy between 1800 and 1840, noting the casting of the male leading role for each opera. At least 67 roles were created for contraltos as male heroes between 1800 and 1834. More roles were created for tenors in that period (at least 105), but until 1825 there is no clear preference for tenors over contraltos except in Naples. The Neapolitan preference for tenors is most likely due to the influence of Bourbon Kings who sought to bring Enlightenment values to Naples. After the last castrato retired in 1830 and the casting of contraltos as male heroic leads falls out of favor by the mid-1830s, the tenor, aided by a new chest-voice dominant style of singing, becomes the inheritor of the castrato's former role as leading man in serious Italian opera.

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Basse, Reine Maria. « LA LGV PACA DANS L'EVOLUTION DU SYSTEME TERRITORIAL TRANSFRONTALIER FRANCO-ITALO-MONEGASQUE. MODELISATION GEOPROSPECTIVE ». Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569939.

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L'objet de cette recherche porte sur une ligne à grande vitesse appelée à desservir la Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur à l'horizon 2020. La LGV PACA est une infrastructure programmée mais qui n'en est qu'au stade de projet non encore réalisé, c'est pourquoi notre objectif est de proposer des scénarios visant à mesurer les incidences sur l'évolution du territoire transfrontalier franco-italo-monégasque, à partir de la démarche de géoprospective territoriale. Cette approche méthodologique repose ici sur une modélisation spatiale basée sur un modèle d'automate cellulaire contraint du nom de MOLAND. L'application de MOLAND a permis de procéder à une modélisation intégrant transport et usage des sols, ce qui a pour avantage de faciliter la compréhension de l'évolution actuelle et possible du comportement de l'occupation des sols au sein des espaces limitrophes de la frontière. Trois grandes parties sont proposées dans cette thèse. Il est suggéré dans la première partie un cadrage méthodologique portant sur l'interdépendance existante et pouvant exister entre le système territorial et le sous-système des transports. Dans la deuxième partie, nous abordons la problématique de la modélisation et de la simulation spatiale en insistant sur la difficulté du paramétrage des modèles dynamiques et spatialement explicites et notamment sur le paramétrage des modèles basés sur les automates cellulaires contraints. Dans la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, c'est la difficulté de l'exercice géoprospectif encore méconnu qui est mise en avant. À partir de différents scénarios géoprospectifs, cette thèse fournit des éléments de connaissance quant à l'avenir possible d'un espace transfrontalier qui s'apprête à accueillir la grande vitesse ferroviaire. Elle apporte des réponses concrètes aux questions liées à la croissance urbaine et à l'accessibilité des territoires jusque-là isolés des grands couloirs européens de communication. Les résultats de cette recherche sont plus que jamais d'actualité car, dans le cadre de l'aide à la connaissance du territoire et de l'aide à la décision, ils permettent de se pencher sur un volet ignoré jusqu'à présent par les études menées par le maître d'ouvrage RFF (Réseau Ferré de France) : la prise en compte simultanée de l'infrastructure de transport et de l'occupation des sols pour l'appréhension et la compréhension des dynamiques d'un territoire en devenir. La prise en compte de l'occupation des sols dans la modélisation géoprospective par automates cellulaires permet au géographe de poser les bonnes questions à partir d'une entrée territoriale. RFF a récemment lancé de nouvelles études sur l'opportunité qu'offre l'infrastructure grande vitesse ferroviaire pour améliorer la desserte de la Région PACA. En permettant de mesurer les impacts nationaux de cette infrastructure sur ce territoire transfrontalier, les simulations réalisées constituent une aide à la décision utile et indispensable.

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Frugis, Maurizio Raffaele. « Les pouvoirs de l'employeur public en droit comparé franco-italien ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020027/document.

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L’objet de cette thèse est une comparaison entre les dispositifs de gestion du personnel des administrations publiques françaises et italiennes, afin d’explorer leur efficacité et d’identifier les principaux problèmes qui émergent à la suite de leur application. La loi italienne assimile le dirigeant à l’employeur privé. Il est donc le titulaire formel et substantiel des prérogatives de l’employeur public. En ce qui concerne les relations de travail, à l’exception de normes spéciales de droit public qui sont à l’intérieur du Texte unique de l’emploi public, le législateur renvoie à la négociation collective et aux mêmes règles qui régissent la relation de travail au sein de l’entreprise privée. Dans la fonction publique française le droit du travail est inapplicable . Toutefois, on remarque l’influence réciproque de celui-ci et du droit de la fonction publique. Il n’y a pas de place pour la négociation : le fonctionnaire doit accepter le régime juridique imposé par l’employeur public. En dépit des apparences et malgré deux différents régimes juridiques, les deux systèmes en évoluant montrent toujours davantage de ressemblances, notamment en ce qui concerne les outils de gestion du personnel, le recours aux contractuels et le rôle de la négociation collective. Il se trouve que la souplesse dans la gestion des ressources humaines n’est pas nécessairement liée à la forme juridique de la relation de travail des fonctionnaires. Le choix unilatéralisme/négociation, régime de droit public ou de droit privé est mal posé. Même le statut constitue un cadre souple, ce sont plutôt certaines pratiques politiques et administratives qui causent des dysfonctionnements. Pour gagner en efficacité, il ne s’agit pas, pour l’Italie, de supprimer la privatisation de l’emploi public, et non plus pour la France de supprimer le régime statutaire. Il se trouve que les deux administrations publiques n’utilisent pas toutes les possibilités offertes par les normes. Il faut investir sur les ressources humaines afin que les hauts fonctionnaires deviennent de vrais managers, plutôt que de continuer à envisager sans cesse des réformes radicales
This research consists in a comparison between the legal instruments of human resource management in the French and Italian public service sector. The objective is to evaluate their efficacy and uncover the main problems linked to their implementation. In the Italian public service sector, the manager is assimilated to the employer found in private firms. The link between the public servant and the administration is first regulated by a specific law, then by collective bargaining and labour law. In the French system, labour law isn’t applied to the public service sector. However, labour law has an influence on it, and vice versa. Collective bargaining doesn't have any formal rule because the civil servant must accept conditions imposed by the administration. Despite appearances, throughout their evolution the two systems seem to increasingly resemble each other, particularly in the realm of human resource management legal instruments, the use of temporary jobs and the rule of collective bargaining. It seems that flexibility in human resource management isn’t necessarily associated to the nature – public, private or mixed - of the link between the public servant and the administration. The choice between unilateralism and negotiation, administrative law and labour law doesn’t matter so much. Though French statute law is flexible, there are some political and administrative customs which are damaging. In both Italy and France, public administrations do not need to ignore - respectively - privatisation and statute law in order to become more effective. It seems that public administrations do not use all the possibilities offered by existing laws. They have to invest in human resources in order to transform office directors into real managers, rather than to continuously work on useless or damaging radical reforms

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BOLOGNA, Silvio. « Il contratto collettivo aziendale in una prospettiva comparata. Italia, Francia, Spagna e Stati Uniti a confronto ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91302.

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Sulla scorta del metodo comparato, la tesi analizza le recenti modifiche alla disciplina del contratto collettivo aziendale in Italia, Francia e Spagna, introdotte dalla legge e dagli accordi interconfederali; l'obiettivo è dimostrare un tendenziale avvicinamento degli stati europei analizzati al sistema nord-americano di relazioni industriali, in cui il rapporto di lavoro è regolato non tanto dalla legge o dall'accordo di categoria, ma dal contratto aziendale.Vengono inoltre analizzati i recenti accordi collettivi firmati alla Fiat ed alla Chrysler a partire dal processo di integrazione iniziato nel 2009.
According to the comparative method, the thesis analyses the recent changes to the discipline of the collective agreement at plant and company level in Italy, France and Spain, introduced by the law and the bargaining process; the work is aimed to demonstrate that these countries nowadays have an industrial relations system more closed to the north-american one, where the employment relationship is basicly regulated by the plant or company agreement, and not by the law or the multi-employer bargaining pratice.Finally,in order to demonstrate this common trend, the author focuses on the recent agreements signed at Fiat and Chrysler after the merger.

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BUESCHER, Mareile. « Die Verträge der Bildhauer im Florenz des 15 Jahrhunderts : eine rechtshistorische Analyse ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5575.

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EAST, Matthew. « Unlawful contracts in the legal systems of England and Wales, Italy and the European Principles of Contract Law ». Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5503.

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GONZALEZ, DE LARA Yadira. « Enforceability and risk-sharing in financial contracts : from the sea loan to the commenda in late medieval Venice ». Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4938.

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Defence date: 23 June 2000
Examining board: Prof. Avner Greif, Stanford University ; Prof. Ramon Marimon, EUI, Supervisor ; Prof. Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid ; Prof. Jaime Reis, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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ORTOLJA-BAIRD, Alexandra. « Where philosophy meets bureaucracy : Cesare Beccaria's social contract from page to practice ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/49327.

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Defence date: 14 December 2017
Examining Board: Prof. Ann Thomson, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. Pavel Kolář, European University Institute; Prof. Clorinda Donato, California State University; Prof. Richard Whatmore University of St. Andrews
Cesare Beccaria, renowned author of the 1764 Enlightenment treatise Dei delitti e delle pene, has long been celebrated as the voice of the abolitionist movement against the death penalty, the founding father of modern criminology, and the go-to source on penal reform. These personalities have been fuelled by the instant global success of Beccaria’s text, however this celebrity trajectory has clouded many of his less sensational identities in its wake: Beccaria, reluctant man of letters, enlightened Habsburg bureaucrat and practical philosopher. This thesis recovers these entangled personas and, in so doing, provides an intellectual history of Cesare Beccaria that emphasises his substantial contribution as a philosopher, not just on the page, but in practice. Beccaria envisioned an ambitious social project. Proposing a vision of society in which the social contract served to protect “the greatest happiness divided between the greater number” and which was based upon a hedonistic calculation of human nature, Beccaria concluded that individuals had the equal right to pursue pleasure and that government was obliged to provide this opportunity. Interpreting this in economic terms, Beccaria presented a case for the removal of all institutionalised obstacles to the pursuit of wealth: while not everyone could achieve riches, all had the equal chance at improving their lot. His philosophy was the product of both a rich reading culture and intellectual network, which were simultaneously patriotic and cosmopolitan. On the one hand, local, specialised and concerned with matters of public utility, on the other, internationally, intellectually and socially diverse. However, the social contract was no utopian vision, but rather a blueprint for the political classes. In the field of public health in particular, Beccaria demonstrated his commitment to providing equal access to the pursuit of pleasure, abiding by the tenets of his contract at all costs. It is this practically inclined philosophy that the thesis argues is Beccaria’s most important contribution to the Enlightenment.

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Miglietti, Lucia. « Tecniche e modalità di formazione del contratto tra antichi problemi e nuovi strumenti nel diritto italo-comunitario ». Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/276.

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Livres sur le sujet "Contracts – Italy"

Sciumè, Alberto. Il nuovo capitolato generale d'appalto dei lavori pubblici : Commento al D.M. 19 aprile 2000, n. 145. Milano : Giuffrè, 2001.

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Giovagnoli, Roberto. Il nuovo regolamento sui contratti pubblici. Milano : Giuffrè, 2011.

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Sandulli, Maria Alessandra, Giuseppe Stancanelli et Luigi Giampaolino. Commento alla legge quadro sui lavori pubblici : Sino alla "Merloni-Ter". Milano : Giuffrè, 1999.

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Mezzio, Sara. Nuove forme di procurement per la difesa. Roma : Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2005.

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Mak, Chantal. Fundamental rights in European contract law : A comparison of the impact of fundamental rights on contractual relationships in Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and England. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, 2008.

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Antonio, Carullo, et Clarizia Angelo, dir. La legge quadro in materia di lavori pubblici : 11 febbraio 1994 n. 109. Padova : CEDAM, 1994.

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Alpa, Guido. I contratti dei consumatori : L'iter normativo degli articoli 1469 bis-sexies del Codice civile. Roma : SEAM, 1997.

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Antonio, Carullo, et Clarizia Angelo, dir. La legge quadro in materia di lavori pubblici. [Padova] : CEDAM, 2000.

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Gabriella, Piccinni, dir. Medioevo delle campagne : Rapporti di lavoro, politica agraria, protesta contadina. Roma : Viella, 2006.

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Gli appalti nelle opere civili : Elementi organizzativo-gestionali ed effetti economici, risultati di un'indagine empirica su 204 appalti eseguiti in Italia nel quinquennio 1986-'90 = Civil engineering contracts : organizational and managerial aspects and economic effects, evidences from an empirical survey on 204 contracts carried out in Italy in 1986-'90 five-year period. Roma : Gangemi, 1994.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Contracts – Italy"

Romano, Nicola Davide. « Italy ». Dans The International Application of Fidic Contracts, 240–55. First. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020 : Informa Law from Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429031205-13.

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Romano, Nicola Davide. « Applying FIDIC Contracts in Italy ». Dans FIDIC Contracts in Europe, 393–417. London : Informa Law from Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003201236-13.

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Bruno, G. S. F., F. E. Caroleo et O. Dessy. « Temporary Contracts and Young Workers’ Job Satisfaction in Italy ». Dans Disadvantaged Workers, 95–120. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04376-0_6.

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Graziadei, Michele. « Control of Price Related Terms in Standard Form Contracts in Italy ». Dans Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 451–72. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23057-9_17.

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Mariani, Paola. « The Effects of Corruption on Contracts in Italy : The Long Road Towards a Legal and Fair, Competitive Market ». Dans Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 189–204. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19054-9_9.

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Yeandle, Sue. « Gender Contracts, Welfare Systems and Non-Standard Working : Diversity and Change in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and the UK ». Dans Global Trends in Flexible Labour, 141–65. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27396-6_8.

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Landini, Sara. « Transparency in the Insurance Contract Law of Italy ». Dans AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation, 131–62. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31198-8_5.

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Ventura, Livia. « Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in Italy ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 651–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_31.

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AbstractItaly has been the first country in the world to adopt the US benefit corporation model (so-called società benefit (SB)), which it transplanted into its legal system at the end of 2015. The Italian società benefit statute is a mix between the US Model Benefit Corporation Legislation and the Delaware Public Benefit Corporation Act but is characterized by some peculiar features, such as the scope of the legislation, which is applicable to all for-profit and cooperative organizational forms provided by the law, and the existence of a public enforcement mechanism based on the attribution of supervisory powers to the Italian Competition Authority. A few years after its introduction, società benefit seems to have been widely accepted, and the movement continues to grow. Furthermore, the Italian legal system continues to support the spread of the SB model, e.g., through the 2019 amendment of the “Public Contract Code,” which introduced new reward criteria for tendering companies that publish the annual report required by the società benefit law to assess their social and environmental impacts. From a comparative law perspective, the Italian “for-benefit” model has been the first one adopted by a civil law system and seems to have influenced other civil law countries.

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Polizzi, Gaspare. « Il «sistema dell’egoismo universale» e la condizione presente dell’Italia ». Dans Studi e saggi, 103–21. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-160-0.07.

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I intend to deal with the political thought of Giacomo Leopardi, especially in the Zibaldone, according to his conceptions on the contrast between reason and nature and on the contrast between ancient and modern, focusing attention on his analysis of the morale of the Italians, in order to identify their original line of interpretation in the analysis of the relationship between individuals and nations in the modern age, and in Italy in particular. The analysis of his political reflection cannot be separated from that of his moral and anthropological vision on the human condition. I dwell on three moments of his moral, social and anthropological vision of the nation, with a focus on the theme of individualism and the system of universal selfishness typical of Modernity.

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Del Baldo, Mara. « Formal Cooperation for Developing Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility Among Tourism SMEs in Italy : Insights, Limits and Potentialities of the Network Contract ». Dans Key Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility, 103–29. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21641-6_5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Contracts – Italy"

Longo, Antonella, Marco Zappatore, Mario A. Bochicchio et Shamkant B. Navathe. « Modeling and Evaluating Relationships and Service Contracts in Public Transportation : A Pilot Project in Italy ». Dans 2016 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scc.2016.72.

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Nobile, Massimiliano, Dmitry Izmailov, Antonino Spadoni et Oleg Uryvskiy. « Kola Peninsula Radwaste Management in the Framework of the Italian-Russian Cooperation Agreement for Global Partnership ». Dans ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59392.

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In 2003 a Cooperation Agreement, envisaging a grant of 360 Meuro in 10 years, was signed between Italy and Russia in the framework of the “so-called” Global Partnership Program. So far, in five years of concrete work, a total of 146 Meuro have been engaged through 33 contracts and 121 Meuro have been already paid. Together with other significant lines of activities the management of waste, presently located at Andreeva Bay site, is surely the most important one, not only for the amount of allocated funds (about the half of available ones) but also for the urgency to solve serious environmental problems linked to the actual unsafe conditions of these waste, both as regards possible incidents or malicious attacks from outside. Volume of Low Level and Intermediate Level (LL/IL) waste at Andreeva Bay site are 17000 tons and 3000 tons, respectively for solid and liquid; moreover is expected, during the next 15 years, the production of additional 33000 tons of liquid and 8000 tons of solid, due to the need of demolishing existing facilities and final closing of the site. As regards radwaste management facilities, the solution defined in OBIN (justification of investment) has been analyzed and critically reviewed. After the completion of a conceptual study, the construction of three facilities (solid and liquid treatment ones and a protective structure for storing on site temporarily conditioned waste) was decided and a contract was assigned in 2010 to Ansaldo Nucleare/AtomStroyExport for the detailed design of the above mentioned facilities, which is expected to be completed in 2012. Some important modifications to the initial time schedule have been taken into account and now the operation of the facilities is expected by 2015, two years before the previous estimate.

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Desideri, Umberto, Stefania Proietti et Livia Arcioni. « Analysis and Statistic Evaluation of Distributed Generation in Italy ». Dans ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58129.

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This paper presents a complete analysis of the state of the art and the legislation of distributed generation in Italy, which is similar to other EU countries, and statistic data on combined heat and power plants installed in Italy. Data was collected from a large number of sources, because most of the small size plants are operated by IPP without an electrical exchange contract with the grid and are not documented. The results of this research has allowed to show that 22.000 MW can be generated by over 1600 power plants spread over the Italian territory. A more detailed analysis and validation of the information was done with reference to Umbria, a central Italian region. The whole database was examined with several correlations in order to facilitate the analysis of the national situation. It is thus possible to query the database in order to determine the types of users, the typical size for different users and their geographic distribution. This tool is extremely helpful in the design of new power plants and in the definition of the potential future market.

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Pirina, Maria Grazia. « NEW TREND IN COMPETENCE FRAMEWORK FOR SPORTS MANAGERS ». Dans INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/133.

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ABSTRACT To achieve the objectives of empowering female sports managers through an up-skill process related to marketing, communication, & visibility strategies, Germany & Italy realized comprehensive research about the current needs of sports managers in communication/ marketing skills. This study aims to determine the profiles of the sports managers in each country and their level of sport management competencies. The descriptive-comparative research design, & descriptive statistics were used, such as mean, mode, standard deviation, & frequency count, in describing the respondents’ profiles. In contrast, a t-test was used to compare the level of competencies of sports managers in each country by sex and One-Way ANOVA for age group, the number of years of experience, & their educational level. Intensive training learning was emphasized in developing the sports management competencies of female sports managers in Germany & Italy. Based on the data for Germany, it was found that there aren’t significant differences between different genders in Germany in the 25 sections making up the questionnaire. It can be noted that there was greater importance to sections on marketing, legal foundation, risk management, & conflict management. Barriers preventing bigger benefits were also identified. For Italy, there are no big differences between males & females. Females attach lesser importance to financial management, human resources, time management, & decision-making. The study reveals intensive training through non-formal education is an effective intervention program to enhance the sports management competencies of female sports managers. Trainers delivering projects in Germany & Italy have paramount importance in developing & improving the management competencies of female sports managers. The methodology should be continuously used as a new strategy to advance the competencies of female sports managers to attract more financial resources & to improve the visibility of female teams.

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Francesco Galioto, Meri Raggi et Davide Viaggi. « Pricing Policies in Managing Water Resources in Agriculture : an Application of Contract Theory to Unmetered Water ». Dans 21st Century Watershed Technology : Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, May 27-June 1, 2012, Bari, Italy. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41419.

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Pretto, Albertina. « Asking is not enough. A research study on teaching qualitative interviews in Italy ». Dans Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.7431.

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In the area of social research, it is not uncommon to come across qualitative interviews (transcribed or recorded) that present conduction strategies which seem to be in contrast to that is recommended by the literature on this subject. In order to understand the reason why this occurs, I present the results of a research carried out among Italian sociologists who use qualitative interviews for their research; I try to establish a connection between the conduction strategies used by researchers and their training. I found three different conducting styles, and divided my interviewees into three categories. But, only one of these categories presents a real positive attitude towards qualitative interviews. The problem is that all these researchers also teach qualitative methods at University or train new interviewers for their research and they pass down their same attitude to their students, for better or worse.

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Danilov, Valery. « THE NEW ITALIAN GOVERNMENT. EUROSCEPTICS TRIUMPH ». Dans NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2019/b2/v2/35.

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sufficient amount of foreign research literature has been devoted to the study of such a political phenomenon as euroscepticism; recently, interest in it among the Russian scientific community has intensified due to the strengthening of its positions in the EU countries. Italy after the elections of March 4, 2018 turned into a “show-window” of the success of euroscepticism and populism. The purpose of this article is to determine the sustainability of the new government. The author identifies the causes of the weakening of the position of the Democratic Party in Italy, the coming to power of radical parties, whose leadership until recently was not taken seriously among the EU political establishment. The paper also analyzes the main concepts of the program called “Contract for the government of change” and the prospects for its implementation. To solve these tasks, a historical and chronological method was used, which allowed to track the stages of weakening popular support for traditional parties and the growing popularity of euro skeptics. The research was also used the theoretical research method as an analysis to determine the future prospects of the government in domestic and foreign policy. The author comes to the conclusion that in the coming years Italy will become the leader of all eurosceptic forces with the prospect of creating and heading a similar faction in the European Parliament in May 2019. The conclusion is also formed that the Government’s attitude to cancel anti-Russian sanctions should not be considered too optimistic. Analyzing the declining rhetoric of the Italian leadership on this issue, the author assumes that the Russian issue is just a bargaining chip in knocking out EU preferences on fiscal and migration issues

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Bellomi, P., M. Rudnykh, S. Carapellese, D. Liuzzi, G. Caggiano, L. Arione, A. A. Gurtovoy et al. « Development of LM10-MIRA liquid oxygen – liquid natural gas expander cycle demonstrator engine ». Dans Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. Les Ulis, France : EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911447.

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This article contains results of joint works by Konstruktorskoe Buro Khimavtomatiki (KBKhA, Russia) and AVIO Company (Italy) on creation of the LM10-MIRA liquid-propellant rocket demonstrator engine for the third stage of the upgraded “Vega” launcher. Scientific and research activities conducted by KBKhA and AVIO in 2007–2014 in the frame of the LYRA Program, funded by the Italian Space Agency, with ELV as Prime contractor, and under dedicated ASI-Roscosmos interagencies agreement, were aimed at development and testing of a 7.5-ton thrust expander cycle demonstrator engine propelled by oxygen and liquid natural gas (LNG).

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Caselli, Luana, Maria Congedo, Alberto Donzelli et Luca Iaboli. « 111 Information ‘pills’ for doctors and citizens in italy : a scientific communication project to contrast overdiagnosis and overtreatment ». Dans Preventing Overdiagnosis, Abstracts, August 2018, Copenhagen. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111070.111.

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Younan, Adel H., Amir M. Kaynia, Max M. Loo, Widianto et Jameel Khalifa. « Seismic Design of Hebron Platform : An Integrated Soil-Structure-Interaction Approach ». Dans ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42134.

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Seismic analysis of an offshore platform requires an integral model combining all its elements: foundation, substructure, deck, modules, appurtenances, and even pipeline and riser tie-ins. With typical breakdown of project scope amongst several EPC contractors, the task of creating a seismic model and ensuring proper input, output and updates for EPC contractors’ design always rests with the operator’s engineering team. This model is complicated by the nature of dynamic soil-structure-interaction characterized by radiation of earthquake wave and energy to the far field. This radiation of energy is significant for short squatty gravity-base structures while most structural software lack this capability. This problem has been worked by the nuclear industry, but in this paper we summarize ExxonMobil practice for carrying this task in this scope breakdown environment. The need for this practice emerged during the engineering of Orlan (Sakhalin), was first used on the Adriatic LNG Terminal (Italy) and applied since on Berkut (Sakhalin) and Hebron (Canada).

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Contracts – Italy"

Ryan, John M. Improving Fleet and Industrial Supply Center, Sigonella, Italy : Detachment Bahrain's Ship Maintenance Contracts in Southwest Asia. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546470.

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