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1
Reed, Brandon B. "Continuum Traffic Flow at a Highway Interchange." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1196711036.
Texte intégral
2
Berg, Peter. "Optimal-velocity models of motorway traffic." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367664.
Texte intégral
3
Tyagi, Vipin. "A non-continuum approach to obtain a macroscopic model for the flow of traffic." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5913.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Existing macroscopic models for the flow of traffic treat traffic as a continuum or
employ techniques similar to those used in the kinetic theory of gases. Spurious two-
way propagation of disturbances that are physically unacceptable are predicted by
continuum models for the flow of traffic. The number of vehicles in a typical section
of a freeway does not justify traffic being treated as a continuum. It is also important
to recognize that the basic premises of kinetic theory are not appropriate for the flow
of traffic. A model for the flow of traffic that does not treat traffic as a continuum
or use notions from kinetic theory is developed in this dissertation and corroborated
with traffic data collected from the sensors deployed on US 183 freeway in Austin,
Texas, USA.
The flow of traffic exhibits distinct characteristics under different conditions and
reflects the congestion during peak hours and relatively free motion during off-peak
hours. This requires one to use different governing equations to describe the diverse
traffic characteristics, namely the different traffic flow regimes of response. Such
an approach has been followed in this dissertation. An observer based on extended
Kalman filtering technique has been utilized for the purpose of estimating the traffic state. Historical traffic data has been used for model calibration. The estimated
model parameters have consistent values for different traffic conditions. These esti-
mated model parameters are then subsequently used for estimation of the state of
traffic in real-time.
A short-term traffic state forecasting approach, based on the non-continuum
traffic model, which incorporates weighted historical and real-time traffic information
has been developed. A methodology for predicting trip travel time based on this
approach has also been developed. Ten and fifteen minute predictions for traffic state
and trip travel time seem to agree well with the traffic data collected on US 183.
4
MARCELLINI, FRANCESCA. "Conservation laws in gas dynamics and traffic flow." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7487.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This PhD thesis is concerned with applications of nonlinear systems of conservation laws to gas dynamics and traffic flow modeling. The first part is devoted to the analytical description of a fluid flowing in a tube with varying cross section. We study the 2x2 model of the p-system and than, we extend the properties to the full 3x3 Euler system. We also consider a general nxn strictly hyperbolic system of balance laws; we study the Cauchy problem for this system and we apply this result to the fluid flow in a pipe wiyh varying section. Concerning traffic flow, we introduce a new macroscopic model, based on a non-smooth 2x2 system of conservation laws. We study the Riemann problem for this system and the qualitative properties of its solutions that are relevant from the point of view of traffic.
5
Ho, Hung-wai, and 何鴻威. "A continuum modeling approach to traffic equilibrium problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31938267.
Texte intégral
6
Holland, Edward N. "Continuum and car-following models of road traffic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266303.
Texte intégral
7
Mounce, Richard. "Convergence in a continuous dynamic traffic assignment model." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411468.
Texte intégral
8
Kühn, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Continuous traffic flow models and their applications / Sebastian Kühn." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076437591/34.
Texte intégral
9
Shaikh, A. D. "Modelling data and voice traffic over IP networks using continuous-time Markov models." Thesis, Aston University, 2009. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15385/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Common approaches to IP-traffic modelling have featured the use of stochastic models, based on the Markov property, which can be classified into black box and white box models based on the approach used for modelling traffic. White box models, are simple to understand, transparent and have a physical meaning attributed to each of the associated parameters. To exploit this key advantage, this thesis explores the use of simple classic continuous-time Markov models based on a white box approach, to model, not only the network traffic statistics but also the source behaviour with respect to the network and application. The thesis is divided into two parts: The first part focuses on the use of simple Markov and Semi-Markov traffic models, starting from the simplest two-state model moving upwards to n-state models with Poisson and non-Poisson statistics. The thesis then introduces the convenient to use, mathematically derived, Gaussian Markov models which are used to model the measured network IP traffic statistics. As one of the most significant contributions, the thesis establishes the significance of the second-order density statistics as it reveals that, in contrast to first-order density, they carry much more unique information on traffic sources and behaviour. The thesis then exploits the use of Gaussian Markov models to model these unique features and finally shows how the use of simple classic Markov models coupled with use of second-order density statistics provides an excellent tool for capturing maximum traffic detail, which in itself is the essence of good traffic modelling. The second part of the thesis, studies the ON-OFF characteristics of VoIP traffic with reference to accurate measurements of the ON and OFF periods, made from a large multi-lingual database of over 100 hours worth of VoIP call recordings. The impact of the language, prosodic structure and speech rate of the speaker on the statistics of the ON-OFF periods is analysed and relevant conclusions are presented. Finally, an ON-OFF VoIP source model with log-normal transitions is contributed as an ideal candidate to model VoIP traffic and the results of this model are compared with those of previously published work.
10
Tordeux, Antoine. "Étude de processus en temps continu modélisant l'écoulement de flux de trafic routier." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596941.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail présente des modèles d'écoulement en temps continu de flux de trafic routier. En premier lieu, il s'agit de modèles microscopiques de poursuite. Un modèle par systèmes d'équations différentielles couplées est proposé, basé sur le temps inter-véhiculaire. Ce modèle intègre un temps de réaction et des possibilités d'anticipation pour chaque véhicule. Les paramètres sont estimés par maximum de vraisemblance dans un modèle statistique à deux niveaux. Des simulations permettent de caractériser le comportement d'une file de véhicules. Dans une approche stochastique, un modèle d'évolution de la distance inter-véhiculaire est étudié à l'aide du processus Markovien de saut zero-range. L'introduction d'un temps de réaction tend à produire des ondes cinématiques. D'autre part, un modèle d'écoulement de trafic par le processus Markovien de saut des misanthropes est proposé. Il s'agit d'une modélisation au niveau mésoscopique, adaptée à la simulation de flux de trafic sur un réseau
11
Lu, Chin-Chen, and 盧金辰. "The Study of Numerical Methods for Traffic Flow Continuum Models -- LWR Model and LWR With Diffusion Term Model." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23340488110863261970.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>運輸工程與管理系<br>88<br>Macroscopic traffic flow continuum models are partial difference equations (PDEs) with initial and boundary conditions. Since the analytical solutions of traffic flow continuum models are difficult to be solved, numerical methods become a suitable way to find the solution. However, different numerical methods will result in different solutions；how to find an approximate and efficient solution becomes an important course.
In the past, solving numerical solution of traffic flow continuum models is usually used first order approximation numerical methods, giving lower accurate. This study takes aim at numerical finite difference methods. Use numerical methods that are at least second order accurate on smooth solution and yet give well resolved , nonoscillatory discontinuities — TVD method, and uniform high order accurate methods — ENO methods, to solve traffic flow continuum models problem. In these result, we find that TVD and ENO numerical is obviously better than traditional methods. In addition, we consider LWR with diffusion term model problem, and using numerical methods to solve it.
Finally, this study will consider nonlinear problem. It adds a reaction term to LWR Model. This study use numerical methods to solve these complex nonlinear problem.
12
"Integrated Model of the Urban Continuum with Dynamic Time-dependent Activity-Travel Microsimulation: Framework, Prototype, and Implementation." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14529.
Texte intégralRésumé :
abstract: The development of microsimulation approaches to urban systems modeling has occurred largely in three parallel streams of research, namely, land use, travel demand and traffic assignment. However, there are important dependencies and inter-relationships between the model systems which need to be accounted to accurately and comprehensively model the urban system. Location choices affect household activity-travel behavior, household activity-travel behavior affects network level of service (performance), and network level of service, in turn, affects land use and activity-travel behavior. The development of conceptual designs and operational frameworks that represent such complex inter-relationships in a consistent fashion across behavioral units, geographical entities, and temporal scales has proven to be a formidable challenge. In this research, an integrated microsimulation modeling framework called SimTRAVEL (Simulator of Transport, Routes, Activities, Vehicles, Emissions, and Land) that integrates the component model systems in a behaviorally consistent fashion, is presented. The model system is designed such that the activity-travel behavior model and the dynamic traffic assignment model are able to communicate with one another along continuous time with a view to simulate emergent activity-travel patterns in response to dynamically changing network conditions. The dissertation describes the operational framework, presents the modeling methodologies, and offers an extensive discussion on the advantages that such a framework may provide for analyzing the impacts of severe network disruptions on activity-travel choices. A prototype of the model system is developed and implemented for a portion of the Greater Phoenix metropolitan area in Arizona to demonstrate the capabilities of the model system.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2012
13
Jou, Tyh-Jong, and 周志忠. "The Study of Numerical Methods for Traffic Flow Continuum Models." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37890263968939741914.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>交通運輸研究所<br>85<br>Macroscopic traffic flow continuum models are composed of
single or systems of partial difference equations (PDEs) with
suitable initial and boundary conditions which describe various
traffic phenomena and road geometry. These models have provided
a useful tool with which to test and assess road and traffic
control plans. Since the analytical solutions of traffic flow
continuum models are difficult to be solved. How to find an
approximate and efficient numerical solution becomes an
important course. This study takes aim at the numerical
finite difference methods of traffic flow continuum models. At
first, there are seven methods of explicit finite difference
schemes and two methods of implicit schemes used to solve the
first order linear continuum models, and compare the errors
between exact solution and numerical solutions of these methods.
In these results, there are three better algorithms, including
Lax-F、Lax-W and Leapfrog schemes, used to simulate the
quasilinear continuum models, and the Lax-F scheme can get a
more reasonable solution. In the process of numerical
computation, we found that every explicit finite difference
methods must satisfy the CFL condition to ensure the stability
and convergence. This condition requires the ratio of the mesh
in space and the mesh in time must satisfy some constrains, and
this makes the computation lack of efficiency. Therefore, this
study based on the CFL condition develops an adaptive finite
difference scheme to solve the LWR model more efficiently. This
adaptive scheme can determine automatically the nest suitable
time mesh size from the characteristic curve of every grid
points in this time, and it can converge to a stable solution.
In the numerical test, the Lax method and adaptive Lax method
are used to solve the LWR model with different initial and
boundary conditions. The simulation results show us that the
adaptive Lax method is more efficiency than the Lax method.
14
Hwang, Feng-Jang, and 黃鋒樟. "High Resolution Schemes for the Numerical Solutions of Macroscopic Continuum Traffic Flow Models." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44888381169878729796.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>運輸科技與管理學系<br>90<br>Numerical simulation is significant to solve macroscopic continuum traffic flow models, which describe various traffic phenomena and play an important role in the development of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Continuum traffic flow models are often analyzed with systems of hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) attended by suitable initial and boundary conditions. Due to difficulty in solving hyperbolic PDEs, numerous numerical methods have been presented to afford a considerable approach attaining the reasonable solution. The first order accurate method yields a numerical diffusion, which causes smoothing of shock fronts, and is inaccurate. However, higher order methods produce unrealistic oscillations close to steep gradients. Such oscillations, which are called the Gibbs phenomena in spectral methods, don’t decay in magnitude when refining the mesh. The objective of the study was to simulate continuum traffic flow models with high resolution methods that improve the numerical precision and eliminate such spurious oscillations near discontinuities. High order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) finite difference and finite volume schemes were applied to solve the simple and high order continuum traffic flow models that involve the discontinuous initial conditions and thus are Riemann problems. The numerical solutions of WENO schemes were compared with results produced by Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) type scheme and other numerical methods previously used to solve traffic flow models. Test problems of the simple continuum model, including shock, rarefaction wave, traffic signal, and square wave cases, were shown to illustrate the dominant accuracy of WENO schemes. WENO schemes also exhibited the capability of presenting appropriate results in Riemann problems of high order continuum models with numerical examples, including shock and rarefaction wave problems, for Payne-Whitham (PW) and Jiang’s improved models. The results indicate that WENO schemes can afford to be utilized in the simulation of complex traffic phenomena, such as shock, rarefaction waves, stop-and-go waves, and local cluster effects. In the future, with the implementation of parallel processing the WENO algorithm, parallel high resolution numerical scheme would be a reliable, fast, and robust method for traffic flow simulation.
15
Karev, Anatolij. "A mesoscopic whole link continuous vehicle bunch model for multiclass traffic flow simulation on motorway networks." Thesis, 2011. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/7385/1/Karev_MASc_S2011.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Modeling of heterogeneous driver behaviour is vital to understanding of dynamic traffic phenomenon taking place on motorway networks. In this research, we present a mesoscopic whole link continuous vehicle bunch model for multiclass traffic flow simulation on motorway networks. Two main attributes of traffic flow classification have been used are: (i) vehicle type, specifying in turn a vehicle length and, together with type of a preceding vehicle, time headway; and, (ii) desired speed, defining together with the speeds of the neighbouring vehicles, the vehicle acceleration/deceleration mode. It is assumed that vehicles in uncongested to moderate congested flow move in bunches dividing the drivers into the two main groups: (i) independent “free” drivers which usually manifest themselves as leaders of bunches; and, (ii) followers, or drivers which adapt their speed to the leader’s speed and follow each other at constrained headways specified by predecessor/successor pairs. The model proposes a solution to arbitrary traffic queries involving a motion in bunches having various speed and size by assuming the rate of driver arrivals follows semi-Poisson distribution and proportion of free drivers is predefined. The solution, assuming limited overtaking possibilities for all drivers, involves formation of longer queue behind bunches moving with slower speed and transformation of some of the “leaders” into “followers” because of adjustment their speed to the speed of the preceding slow-moving bunches. The present solution considers both stochastic and deterministic features of traffic flow and, therefore, may be easily extended to a specific uncertainty level.
16
Lin, Chorng-Ru, and 林崇儒. "The Comparisons and Applications of the Finite Difference Method and Finite Element Method on Traffic Flow Continuum Models." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85487858118357174394.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>運輸工程與管理系<br>87<br>Macroscopic traffic flow continuum models are compsed of single or systems of partial difference equations (PDEs) with initial and boundary conditions. Due to the difficulty of solving the PDEs problems, numerical methods become a suitable way to find the solution. However, different numerical methods will result in different solutions； how to find an approximate and efficient solution becomes an important course.
This study compares two kind of numerical methods: finite difference method (FDM) and finite element method (FEM) on traffic flow continuum models under different situations. With the aid of computer, this study uses FDM and FEM to solve traffic flow continuum models and plots the variation of traffic density on different time and space.
The result shows that if the initial condition is discontinuous, FEM will have a better result than that of FDM. Besides, this study also compares field data by FDM and FEM and the result also shows that FEM has a better approximation than FDM.
Finally, this study uses a simple example of traffic flow continuum model to explain the before/after ramp metering. This example shows the application of traffic flow continuum models in our real world.
17
Kim, Yoon Mo. "Modal Analysis of Continuous Structrual System with Tapered Cantilevered Members." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10672.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Analytical Model of Traffic Signal Structures (TSS) is developed based on a continuous system method to observe dynamic characteristics of the structures. Conventional and basic continuous system method can show the approximate dynamic characteristics of the TSS, but the discretized continuous analytical model is proposed to get more accurate and realistic results of the TSS. In addition, the discretized continuous model can alternatively analyze the effect of the tapered cross-sectional members which are real model of TSS. For the verification of the analytical model, the dynamic characteristics of the numerical solutions by modal analysis in ABAQUS and the results of experimental measurements are provided. Compared with the numerical solutions and the experimental results, the analytical solution for each member shows its considerable accuracy. In addition, it will be also able to accurately express the effects of the linearly tapered cross-sectional member with more discretized continuous structural system. Moreover, the discretized analytical model of the TSS has the usability to observe the effects of boundary flexibility.