Livres : « Contingent capture of attention »

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name, No. Attraction, distraction and action : Multiple perspectives on attentional capture. Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2002.

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L, Folk Charles, et Gibson Bradley S, dir. Attraction, distraction and action : Multiple perspectives on attentional capture. Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2001.

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Perfect phrases for sales and marketing copy : Hundreds of ready-to-use phrases to capture your customer's attention and increase your sales. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Callen, Barry. Perfect phrases for sales and marketing copy : Hundreds of ready-to-use phrases to capture your customer's attention and increase your sales. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Theeuwes, Jan. Spatial Orienting and Attentional Capture. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.005.

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The present review discusses basic findings and current controversies regarding spatial orienting and attentional capture. Endogenous and exogenous spatial orienting and their interaction are discussed in relation to recent debates regarding the role of orienting in the preparation of eye movements, in relation to subliminal cueing, and to the debate whether spatial attention is needed for the detection of basic features. The review also discusses whether it is possible to cue a distractor location in order to reduce its effect on target processing. Stimulus-driven attentional capture and contingent capture are discussed in relation to controversies regarding non-spatial filtering, the existence of assumed search modes, and the concept of the attentional window. The review concludes that contingent capture may be nothing other than endogenous orienting.

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Contingent attentional capture : Final report, joint research interchange NCA2-797. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Contingent attentional capture : Final report, joint research interchange NCA2-797. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Attentional Capture. Psychology Press, 2008.

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Folk, Charles, et Bradley Gibson. Attraction, Distraction and Action : Multiple Perspectives on Attentional Capture. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2001.

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Folk, Charles, et Bradley S. Gibson. Attentional Capture : A Special Issue of Visual Cognition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Break Through the Noise : The Nine Rules to Capture Global Attention. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2019.

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Break Through the Noise : The Nine Rules to Capture Global Attention. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2019.

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Writing for business : How to write reports that capture the attention of businesses. Swindon : Economic and Social Research Council, 1995.

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Smith, Paul, et Mike Weinberg. Sell with a Story : How to Capture Attention, Build Trust, and Close the Sale. AMACOM, 2016.

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Smith, Paul. Sell with a story : How to capture attention, build trust and close the sale. 2017.

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Smith, Paul. Sell with a Story : How to Capture Attention, Build Trust, and Close the Sale. AMACOM, 2022.

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Cantave, Chenalyne. Art of Getting Him Hooked : How to Capture and Retain One's Affection and Attention. Independently Published, 2021.

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Ryckeghem, Dimiti van, et Geert Crombez. Pain and Attention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0006.

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Attention plays a pivotal role in the experience of pain and its impact upon daily activities. Accordingly, research on the interplay between attention and pain has a long scientific history. This chapter discusses the theoretical frameworks that aim to explain the relationship between attention and pain. It argues for a motivational perspective on pain that highlights the critical role of cognitive, affective, and contextual factors in explaining the interplay between attention and pain. To substantiate this argument, the chapter provides an overview of available research addressing the bottom-up capture of attention by pain and the top-down modulation (both inhibition and facilitation) of attention for pain. It concludes with guidelines and suggestions for future research and discusses clinical implications of adopting a motivational perspective on pain.

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Zanto, Theodore P., et Adam Gazzaley. Attention and Ageing. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.020.

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This chapter addresses how normal ageing may affect selective attention, sustained attention, divided attention, task-switching, and attentional capture. It is not clear that all aspects of attention are affected by ageing, especially once changes in bottom-up sensory deficits or generalized slowing are taken into account. It also remains to be seen whether deficits in these abilities are evident when task demands are increased. Age-based declines have been reported during many tasks with low cognitive demands on various forms of attention. Fortunately, the older brain retains plasticity and cognitive training and exercise may help reduce negative effects of age on attention. Although no single theory of cognitive ageing may account for the various age-related changes in attention, many aspects have been taken into account, such as generalized slowing, reduced inhibitory processes, the retention of performance abilities via neural compensation, as well as declines in performance with increased task difficulty.

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Kensinger, Elizabeth A., et Katherine Mickley Steinmetz. How Does Emotion Affect Attention and Memory ? : Attentional Capture, Tunnel Memory, and the Implications for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010.

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Never Be Boring Again : Make Your Business Presentations Capture Attention, Inspire Action and Produce Results. Cornelia Press, 2004.

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Borman, John. Lead with the Hook : How to Capture Their Attention by Placing the Bottom Line up Front. Independently Published, 2021.

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Hamaker, Trevor. Sermon Starters for Student Ministry : 25 Done-For-You Stories to Capture Their Attention and Kickoff Your Lesson. Independently Published, 2019.

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Miller, Earl K., et Timothy J. Buschman. Neural Mechanisms for the Executive Control of Attention. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.017.

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The prefrontal cortex is a source of internal control of attention as it captures three important components of an executive controller. First, it provides top-down selection of neural representations through descending projections, This top-down input may act by increasing the synchrony of local neural populations, enhancing their connectivity, and boosting the transmission of information. Second, intelligent top-down control of behaviour requires integrating diverse information. Neural representations in prefrontal cortex capture this breadth of information: representing anything from the specific contents of working memory to abstract categories and rules. Third, through reciprocal connections with the basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex neurons are ideally situated to learn the ‘rules’ of behaviour that allow us to know what to attend to in a given situation. These connections may support an iterative, bootstrapping, process that allows for increasingly complex rules to be learned. The prefrontal cortex acts as a generalized executive controller, acting through mechanisms such as attention, to guide thoughts and behaviour.

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George, Jefferson. How to Talk to Anyone at Any Location : Seven Unique Ways to Capture the Attention of Anyone Either in Relationships, Business or Marketing. Independently Published, 2022.

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Cassell, Benjamin J. Mastering the Act of Storytelling : Do You Want to Be Rich in Your Business ? Then You Need to Know This Sale Secrets That Will Help You Capture Attention, Build Trust, and Close Sale. Independently Published, 2022.

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Järviluoma, Helmi, et Noora Vikman. On Soundscape Methods and Audiovisual Sensibility. Sous la direction de John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman et Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.019.

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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Soundscape concepts have been employed for more than 20 years to enrich audiovisual studies. They have also been debated extensively. This chapter addresses soundscape as shifting, processual, historical, and produced in contingent situations. It focuses on a specific aspect of methodology that is useful for considering how to advance research on the audiovisual: methods in motion. Soundscape studies have stressed that researchers sometimes need to leave the “laboratory” and venture into fieldwork. Some of the recent developments in the “marriage” of soundscape and audiovisual studies are described, with three goals: (1) to direct attention to soundscape studies as the art and scholarly study of listening, (2) to introduce the sensory memory walk, and (3) to introduce the listening walk. Sound studies are increasingly employed as a basis for developing multisensory methodologies of studying times, spaces, and materialities to relocate sensate users of space at the center of the researcher’s attention.

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Horne, Cynthia M. Conclusion : Evaluating Post-Communist Transitional Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793328.003.0009.

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Unlike the blanket criticisms or accolades transitional justice measures receive in the literature, we are confronted with the reality of divergent and contingent relationships between transitional justice measures like lustration, public disclosures, and truth commissions and political and social trust-building goals. These findings force us to reconsider policy recommendations associated with transitional justice programs both because of possibly contrary outcomes, and due to previously unconsidered temporal conditions. With respect to comparative democratization, this study demonstrated a potentially important democracy promotion effect from transitional justice measures meriting continued exploration. This retrospective of nearly twenty-five years of transitional justice in Central and Eastern Europe and parts of the former Soviet Union contributes to the growing body of knowledge on regional regime change, with special attention to how issues of complicity, trust building, and nostalgia constitute unique challenges faced by former communist countries.

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Grivno, Max. 4. “… How Much of Oursels We Owned”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036521.003.0005.

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This chapter devotes particular attention to the unequal negotiations between masters and mistresses eager to preserve slavery and bondspeople desperate to escape. Both parties confronted two central and inescapable realities: the enslaved could inflict grievous financial losses on their owners by escaping to Pennsylvania, and slaveholders could destroy black families and communities by selling slaves south. To restore a tenuous peace and to eliminate the intertwined threats of flight and sale, slaveholders and their chattels hammered out delayed manumission or term slavery agreements whereby slave owners promised to free their slaves after a certain date, a pledge that was contingent on the slaves' continued obedience. Slave owners thus negated the threat of flight and found a new means of extracting years of labor from their slaves, while the enslaved secured protection from the ravages of the interstate trade.

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DeRose, Keith. How Do We Know that We’re Not Brains in Vats ? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199564477.003.0007.

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In this chapter the contextualist Moorean account of how we know by ordinary standards that we are not brains in vats (BIVs) utilized in Chapter 1 is developed and defended, and the picture of knowledge and justification that emerges is explained. The account (a) is based on a double-safety picture of knowledge; (b) has it that our knowledge that we’re not BIVs is in an important way a priori; and (c) is knowledge that is easily obtained, without any need for fancy philosophical arguments to the effect that we’re not BIVs; and the account is one that (d) utilizes a conservative approach to epistemic justification. Special attention is devoted to defending the claim that we have a priori knowledge of the deeply contingent fact that we’re not BIVs, and to distinguishing this a prioritist account of this knowledge from the kind of “dogmatist” account prominently championed by James Pryor.

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Lucander, David. “These Women Really Did the Work”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038624.003.0005.

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This chapter describes a series of sit-ins during 1944. Led by largely forgotten African American women, this interracial direct-action campaign sought to challenge the color line at department-store lunch counters. Integrating, or at least improving, access to food service at major downtown retailers was an important step in the process of breaking down elements of Jim Crow segregation in St. Louis. That same year, the March on Washington Movement (MOWM) shifted its attention toward obtaining and retaining jobs for black workers in publicly funded workplaces. Gaining access to jobs operating switchboards and in the local administration of Southwestern Bell Telephone offices was presented as a stride toward securing sustainable employment for a largely female contingent of working-class African Americans who wanted long-term white- and pink-collar employment. This sort of local women's activism, juxtaposed against national men's leadership, is consistent with a gendered pattern of activism in civil rights campaigns that persisted through the 1960s.

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Krauzlis, Richard J. Attentional Functions of the Superior Colliculus. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.014.

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The superior colliculus (SC) plays an important role in both overt and covert attention. In primates, the SC is well known to be a central component of the motor pathways that orient the eyes and head to important objects in the environment. Accordingly, neurons in the SC show enhanced responses that will be the target of orienting movements, compared to stimuli that will be ignored. Single-neuron recordings in the SC have revealed a variety of attention-related effects, including changes in activity related to bottom-up and top-down attention, attention capture, and inhibition of return. These findings support the view of the SC as a priority map that represents the location of important objects in the visual environment. Manipulation of SC activity by electrical microstimulation and chemical inactivation shows that the SC is not simply a recipient of attention-related effects, but plays a causal role in these processes. In particular, activity in the SC plays a major role in the selection of targets for saccades, and also for pursuit eye movements and movements of the hand. Moreover, activity in the SC is important not only for the control of overt attention, but also plays a crucial role in covert attention—the processing of visual signals for perceptual judgements even in the absence of orienting movements. The mechanisms mediating the role of the SC in the control of covert attention are not yet known, but current models emphasize interactions between the SC and areas of the cerebral cortex.

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Suddaby, Roy, William Foster et Christine Quinn Trank. Re-Membering. Sous la direction de Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth et Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.18.

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We explore and extend an emerging interest in understanding the relationship between language and history in organizational identity work. Recent research has focused attention on the role of “temporal talk” in creating identity—that is, how discourse about the past, present, and future constructs identification. These studies understate the degree of agency in temporal talk and fail to capture the importance of history as a competitive resource. We introduce the term “rhetorical history” to draw attention to the high degree of deliberate and strategic use of persuasive language to construct historical identity narratives in corporations. We also elaborate the understanding, within organizations, of history as critical resource that can be deployed to manage membership with a broad range of organizational stakeholders.

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Havelková, Tereza. Opera as Hypermedium. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190091262.001.0001.

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This book deals with contemporary relationships between opera and the media. It is concerned with both the use of media on stage and opera on screen. Drawing on the concept of hypermediacy from media studies, it situates opera within the larger context of contemporary media practices, and particularly those that play up the multiplicity, awareness, and enjoyment of media. The discussion is driven by the underlying question of what politics of representation and perception opera performs within this context. This entails approaching operas as audiovisual events (rather than works or texts) and paying attention to what they do by visual means, along with the operatic music and singing. The book concentrates on events that foreground their use of media and technology, drawing attention to opera’s inherently hypermedial aspects. It works with the recognition that such events nevertheless engender powerful effects of immediacy, which are not contingent on illusionism or the seeming transparency of the medium. It analyzes how effects like presence, liveness, and immersion are produced, contesting some critical claims attached to them. It also sheds light on how these effects, often perceived as visceral or material in nature, are related to the production of meaning in opera. The discussion pertains to contemporary pieces such as Louis Andriessen and Peter Greenaway’s Rosa and Writing to Vermeer, as well as productions of the canonical repertory such as Wagner’s Ring Cycle by Robert Lepage at the Met and La Fura dels Baus in Valencia.

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Allen, Michael, et Scott R. Swain, dir. The Oxford Handbook of Reformed Theology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198723912.001.0001.

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Reformed theology remains one of the most vibrant fields of discussion in the study of Christian faith and practice. This volume looks back to past resources that have informed Reformed theology, and surveys present conversations among those engaged in Reformed theology today. First, the volume offers accounts of the major historical contexts of Reformed theology, the various relationships (ancient and modern) which it maintains and from which it derives. Recent research has shown the intricate ties between the patristic and medieval heritage of the church and the work of the Reformed movement in the sixteenth century. The past century has also witnessed an explosion of Reformed theology outside the Western world, prompting a need for attention not only to these global voices but also to the unique (and contingent) history of Reformed theology in the West (hence reflecting on its relationship to intellectual developments like scholastic method or the critical approaches of modern biblical studies). Second, the volume assesses some of the classic, representative texts of the Reformed tradition, observing also their reception history. The Reformed movement is not dominated by a single figure, but it does contain a host of paradigmatic texts that demonstrate the range and vitality of Reformed thought on politics, piety, biblical commentary, dogmatic reflection, and social engagement. Third, the volume turns to key doctrines and topics that continue to receive attention by Reformed theologians today. Contributors who are themselves making cutting-edge contributions to constructive theology today reflect on the state of the question, and offer their own proposals regarding a host of doctrinal topics and themes.

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Calvert, Ian. Virgil's English Translators. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474475648.001.0001.

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This book considers the writers who translated Virgil into English during the civil wars, Interregnum and early years of the Stuart Restoration (c. 1636–c. 1661). It argues that these writers translated and imitated Virgil in order to display and interrogate their political loyalties, articulate personal responses to past traumas, draw attention to the contingent nature of the systems of government which followed the death of Charles I in 1649 (particularly Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate) and express their hopes for the country’s future. This future often, but not invariably, imagined a restored Stuart monarchy under Charles II, and all of the translators in this period spent time in royal service or were associated with the royalist cause. Their writings, however, demonstrate that royalism encompassed a wide variety of opinions, some of which emphasised a sense of duty to an individual or dynasty, but others were more committed to monarchy as an institution or to monarchical forms of government. This book also situates the translations within each author’s wider body of work in order to identify further political resonances in their individual receptions of Virgil and illuminate Virgil’s broader status and cultural function in the period.

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Heslop, Kate. Viking Mediologies. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823298242.001.0001.

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Viking Mediologies is a study of premodern multimedia. Rooted in the practice of Viking Age skalds, it maps the place of poetry in the media landscape of premodern Scandinavia across the 500-year span of skaldic tradition. The skaldic medium came into existence around the beginning of the Viking Age, entering a crowded field of aristocratic self-representations in media such as commemorative monuments, visual arts, and the hall culture of the chieftain’s retinue. Focusing on three domains of embodied mediation—memory, vision, and sound—the book argues that Viking Age skalds set out to capture shared, contingent meanings in named, memorable, reproducible texts. The book explores how commemorative poetry in kviðuháttr remembers histories of ruin and loss, skaldic ekphrasis discloses the presence of the gods, and dróttkvætt encomium evokes the soundscape of battle. In the poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries skalds adjusted to the demands of a literate audience, while the historical and poetological texts of the Icelandic High Middle Ages opened a dialogue between Latin Christian ideas of mediation and local practices. These processes are traced in case studies of skaldic genealogical poetry, sight and perception in the Prose Edda, and poetic resonance in the Second Grammatical Treatise and Háttatal.

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Hill, Andrew E. Malachi. Yale University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300261622.

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Admittedly, as the last book in the Old Testament, and a minor prophet at that, Malachi is often overlooked by Bible readers. Yet, Malachi's passionate proclamations and the significance of what he had to say to his people capture the attention of even the casual reader. The message of Malachi came at a time of cultural and religious rethinking for Israel (roughly 500 B.C.E), when God's people were scattered throughout the Near East, with most living in Mesopotamia under Persian rule. They could easily have disappeared from history had it not been for the prophetic call to repentance. In his fresh new translation, notes, and comments on this brief prophetic book, Andrew E. Hill explains why we should pay attention to Malachi as God's spokesperson. Hill places the book in its historical context to interpret the original meaning, as well as offer the modern reader insights into what it has to say to us today. With a wonderful insert filled with photographs, line art, and maps, he provides all the necessary details for the reader to understand and appreciate Malachi.

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Kaminski-Jones, Francesca, et Rhys Kaminski-Jones, dir. Celts, Romans, Britons. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863076.001.0001.

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This interdisciplinary volume of essays examines the real and imagined role of Classical and Celtic influence in the history of British identity formation, from late antiquity to the present day. In so doing, it makes the case for increased collaboration between the fields of Classical reception and Celtic studies, and opens up new avenues of investigation into the categories “Celtic” and “Classical”, which are presented as fundamentally interlinked and frequently interdependent. In a series of chronologically arranged chapters, beginning with the post-Roman Britons and ending with the 2016 Brexit referendum, it draws attention to the constructed and historically contingent nature of the Classical and the Celtic, and explores how notions related to both categories have been continuously combined and contrasted with one another in relation to British identities. Britishness is revealed as a site of significant Celtic-Classical cross-pollination, and a context in which received ideas about Celts, Romans, and Britons can be fruitfully reconsidered, subverted, and reformulated. Responding to important scholarly questions that are best addressed by this interdisciplinary approach, and extending the existing literature on Classical reception and national identity by treating the Celtic as an equally relevant tradition, the volume creates a new and exciting dialogue between subjects that all too often are treated in isolation, and sets the foundations for future cross-disciplinary conversations.

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Holder, Christen M., et Nicole Shay. Imaging the Networks of Executive Functions. Sous la direction de Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.17.

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This chapter examines the different theoretical conceptualizations of executive functions and how neuroimaging can reveal their neuroanatomical mechanisms. After briefly considering various definitions and descriptions of executive function, it discusses the results of lesion studies that look into specific executive functions; namely, attention, working memory, inhibition, decision-making, planning and organization, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility or shifting. It also evaluates measures that are used to capture the executive functions just cited, along with the advances that have been achieved with the help of neuroimaging studies. On the basis of neuroimaging evidence, the authors show that the right prefrontal cortex, as well as the parietal and temporal lobes, plays an important role in executive function.

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Kaplan, Martin, et Michael Dahlstrom. How Narrative Functions in Entertainment to Communicate Science. Sous la direction de Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan et Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.34.

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Entertainment media can use storytelling—narrative tools like drama, characterization, and conflict—to draw audiences deeper into scientific content. Without careful scrutiny of the content being conveyed, entertainment has the potential to distort scientific knowledge and warp beliefs, but entertainment also has the useful power to capture attention, increase engagement, and promote the understanding and enjoyment of science. Narratives are the underlying structure of entertainment media and represent a unique communication tool for portraying science in ways that intersect with human experience. This chapter provides an overview of the psychological, social, professional, and ethical ways that narrative formats of communication function within entertainment media to communicate science to public audiences. Three short narratives within the chapter embody the risks and potentials of communicating science with storytelling.

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Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, et Dustin Avent-Holt. Relational Inequalities. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190624422.001.0001.

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Relational Inequalities focuses on the organizational production of categorical inequalities, in the context of the intersectional complexity and institutional fluidity that characterize social life. Three generic inequality-generating mechanisms—exploitation, social closure, and claims-making—distribute organizational resources, rewards, and respect. The actual levels and contours of the inequalities produced by these three mechanisms are, however, profoundly contingent on the historical moments and institutional fields in which organizations operate. Organizational inequality regimes are comprised of the resources available for distribution; the task-, class-, and status-based social relations within organizations; formal and informal practices used to accomplish goals and tasks; and internal cultural models of people, work, and inequality, often adapted from the society at large to fit local social relationships. Legal and cultural institutions as they are filtered through workplace inequality regimes steer which groups are exploited and excluded, blocking or facilitating the conditions that lead to exploitation and closure. Sometimes exploitative and closure claims-making are naked and open for all to see; more often, they are institutionalized, taken for granted, and legitimated, sometimes even by those being exploited and excluded. The implications of RIT for social science and equality agendas are discussed in the conclusion. Case studies examine historical and contemporary workplace inequality regime variation in multiple countries. The role of intersectionality in producing regime variation is explored repeatedly across the book. Many occupations and industries are examined in depth, with particular attention given to engineers, CEOs, financial service, airlines, and information technology industries.

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Kirkland, N. Bryant. Herodotus and Imperial Greek Literature. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197583517.001.0001.

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Abstract This book is the first monograph devoted to the reception of Herodotus among Imperial Greek writers. Using a broad reception model and focused largely on texts outside of historiography proper, the book analyzes the entanglements of criticism and imitation in select works by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Plutarch, Dio Chrysostom, Lucian, and Pausanias. It offers a new angle on Herodotus’s intellectual afterlife, channeled through evocations both explicit and implicit in literary criticism, the moral essay, public oration, satire, and periegetic literature. The book shifts focus from reputation only—what ancient authors explicitly had to say about Herodotus—toward the kinetic interrelation between Herodotus’s reputation and his active reworking across genre and mode. It demonstrates how Herodotus was strategically construed and often implicitly summoned—as fabulist, classicist, moralizer, and evasive intellectual—and how such Herodotean presences played to the wider purposes of Imperial writers. Herodotus became a touchstone for writers concerned with a nimbus of questions that the Histories first helped to articulate. Imperial Greeks found Herodotus useful in puzzling through questions of authorial persona, mimesis, the relationship between aesthetic and ethical criticism, the self, and the contingent definitions of Hellenism under Rome. Ultimately, the book widens an incomplete reception history and reads bi-focally, examining how attention to the presence of Herodotus in various texts unveils new layers of meaning in those works, while also showing how ancient receptions offer insight into the Histories.

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Boido, Claudio. Asset Allocation Strategies and Commodities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0021.

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As a result of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and subsequent central banking decisions, the asset management industry changed its asset allocation choices. Asset managers are focusing their attention on the search for new asset classes by taking advantage of the new opportunities to capture risk premia with the aim of exceeding the returns given by traditional investments, including traded equities, fixed income securities, and cash. By doing so, they are trying to improve the selection of alternative assets, such as commodities that sometimes have relatively low correlations with traditional assets. The chapter begins by describing the principles of asset allocation, distinguishing between passive and active asset allocation, also focusing on beta and alternative beta. It then concentrates on how investors can gain exposure to commodities through different investment vehicles and strategies.

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Adamec, Lubomír, et Andrej Pavlovič. Mineral nutrition of terrestrial carnivorous plants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0017.

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Mineral nutrition is thought to be the key process leading to the evolution of botanical carnivory. This chapter reviews the current understanding of ecophysiological processes associated with mineral nutrition of terrestrial carnivorous plants, with most attention to papers published since 1990 and to integrative studies of Nepenthes. It compares various characteristics of mineral nutrition of terrestrial carnivorous plants under both field and greenhouse conditions and emphasizes processes of the mineral nutrient economy of carnivorous plants: nutrient uptake efficiency from prey carcasses and reutilization of mineral nutrients from senesced shoots. The primary physiological effect of foliar capture of prey is the stimulation of nutrient uptake by roots. The chapter explains the concept of mineral cost of carnivory and highlights open questions associated with mineral nutrition of terrestrial carnivorous plants.

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Beckert, Jens, et Richard Bronk, dir. Uncertain Futures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820802.001.0001.

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Uncertain Futures considers how economic actors visualize the future and decide how to act in conditions of radical uncertainty. It starts from the premise that since dynamic capitalist economies are characterized by relentless innovation and novelty, they exhibit an indeterminacy that cannot be reduced to measurable risk. The organizing question then becomes how economic actors form expectations and make decisions despite the uncertainty they face. The current microfoundations of standard economics cannot handle genuinely uncertain futures. Instead, uncertainty requires an entirely new model of economic reasoning. This edited volume helps lay foundations for this new model by showing how economic actors in practice form expectations in conditions of uncertainty. It draws on groundbreaking research in economic sociology, economics, anthropology, and psychology to present theoretically grounded empirical case studies that demonstrate the role of imaginaries, narratives, and calculative technologies—and their various combinations—in enabling economic actors to form expectations and cope with uncertain futures. The book examines risk management techniques, finance models, and discounted cash-flow models as well as methods of envisaging the future that overtly combine calculation with narrative structure and imaginaries. These include central bank forward guidance, economic forecasts, business plans, visions of technological futures, and new era stories. Considerable attention is given to how these fictional expectations influence actors’ behaviour, coordinate action, and provide the confidence to act, and how they become instruments of power in markets and societies. The market impact of shared calculative devices, social narratives, and contingent imaginaries underlines the rationale for a new form of narrative economics.

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Umbach, Gaby. Measuring (Global) Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793342.003.0003.

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The chapter questions how we can measure global governance. It critically examines existing approaches to the measurement of global governance. It pays particular attention to key conceptual and methodological concerns of the overall endeavour to quantify and/or qualify global governance. The chapter focuses on the measurement of global governance as a multidimensional paradigm of international political and institutional practice that, being not measurable per se, requires complex aggregations of indicators and statistical data to serve as proxies to capture its broad conceptual character. As constructed proxies they not only measure, but naturally also frame the reality they are set out to measure, partially in a rather prescriptive way. The chapter discusses the conceptual quality of governance and its related measurement tools; their relevance and use as well as key methodological issues involved in measuring governance, ‘good’ governance, and global governance.

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Gormley, Bill. James Q. Wilson,. Sous la direction de Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page et Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.2.

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This chapter examines James Q. Wilson’sBureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why they Do it, and compares Wilson’s approach to that of neoclassical economics, paying particular attention to his denunciation of William Niskanen’s “bureaucratic imperialism” hypothesis and his rejection of “principal-agent” models which predict widespread “shirking” by bureaucrats. It discusses his argument that every bureaucracy has a distinctive culture that helps shape the behavior of individual bureaucrats. The chapter explores Wilson’s other views with regards to “capture theory,” accountability, and the ability of markets to promote efficiency and of governments to promote equity. Finally, it evaluates Wilson’s impact on other scholars, emphasizing: his bottom–up approach to studying bureaucracy, organizational culture, his typologies of policy proposals that differ in terms of benefits and costs, and of administrative agencies that differ in terms of outputs and outcomes.

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Lewis, Cara C., Enola K. Proctor et Ross C. Brownson. Measurement Issues in Dissemination and Implementation Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0014.

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The National Institutes of Health, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the CDC, and a number of private foundations have expressed the need for advancing the science of dissemination and implementation. Interest in dissemination and implementation research is present in many countries. Improving health care requires not only effective programs and interventions, but also effective strategies to move them into community based settings of care. But before discrete strategies can be tested for effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, or cost effectiveness, context and outcome constructs must be identified and defined in such a way that enables their manipulation and measurement. Measurement is underdeveloped, with few psychometrically strong measures and very little attention paid to their pragmatic nature. A variety of tools are needed to capture health care access and quality, and no measurement issues are more pressing than those for dissemination and implementation science.

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Grishman, Ralph. Information Extraction. Sous la direction de Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0030.

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Information extraction (IE) is the automatic identification of selected types of entities, relations, or events in free text. This article appraises two specific strands of IE — name identification and classification, and event extraction. Conventional treatment of languages pays little attention to proper names, addresses etc. Presentations of language analysis generally look up words in a dictionary and identify them as nouns etc. The incessant presence of names in a text, makes linguistic analysis of the same difficult, in the absence of the names being identified by their types and as linguistic units. Name tagging involves creating, several finite-state patterns, each corresponding to some noun subset. Elements of the patterns would match specific/classes of tokens with particular features. Event extraction typically works by creating a series of regular expressions, customized to capture the relevant events. Enhancement of each expression is corresponded by a relevant, suitable enhancement in the event patterns.

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