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Hancox-Li, Leif. « Solutions in Constructive Field Theory ». Philosophy of Science 84, no 2 (avril 2017) : 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/690722.
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Rivasseau, V. « Constructive Field Theory in Zero Dimension ». Advances in Mathematical Physics 2009 (2009) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/180159.
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Constructive field theory can be considered as a reorganization of perturbation theory in a convergent way. In this pedagogical note we propose to wander through five different methods to compute the number of connected graphs of the zero-dimensional field theory, in increasing order of sophistication and power.
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Magnen, Jacques, et Vincent Rivasseau. « Constructive ϕ 4 Field Theory without Tears ». Annales Henri Poincaré 9, no 2 (avril 2008) : 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00023-008-0360-1.
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Baez, J. C., I. E. Segal, Z. Zhou et Mark A. Kon. « Introduction to Algebraic and Constructive Quantum Field Theory ». Physics Today 46, no 12 (décembre 1993) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2809125.
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Rivasseau, V. « Constructive field theory and applications : Perspectives and open problems ». Journal of Mathematical Physics 41, no 6 (juin 2000) : 3764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533326.
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NILL, FLORIAN. « A CONSTRUCTIVE QUANTUM FIELD THEORETIC APPROACH TO CHERN-SIMONS THEORY ». International Journal of Modern Physics B 06, no 11n12 (juin 1992) : 2159–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979292001080.
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Chern-Simons theory is formulated quantum field theoretically in terms of string operators, which are localized on finite non-selfintersecting paths in the zero-time plane R2. It is shown how the Weyl algebra approach to the abelian Chern-Simons theory leads to a bundle theoretic construction of these ‘Chern-Simons string operators’. To proceed to the non-abelian case topological Chern-Simons theory is considered as a specific model of a more general theory describing the quantum kinematics of coloured framed Plek ton s inR2. This theory allows the construction of string operators as pair-creation operators, mapping n-Plekton states into (n+2)-Plekton states. Link invariants are obtained as vacuum correlation functions of string operators and obey a natural version of reflection positivity. The vacuum sector of such a purely kinematical Plekton theory may be recovered from the link invariants by Osterwalder-Schrader reconstruction. To make the theory work one needs the structures of a ribbon graph category, for which the representations of a quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra may serve as a specific realization.
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WATANABE, HIROSHI. « RENORMALIZATION GROUP METHODS IN CONSTRUCTIVE FIELD THEORIES ». International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no 12n13 (30 mai 2000) : 1363–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200001023.
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Mathematical construction of quantum field theory is reviewed with emphasis on the conceptual structure of the construction and on the role of rigorous renormalization group analysis without technical details. After explaining a rigorous formulation of a renormalization group method in a weak coupling region, a new approach in a strong coupling region is proposed in the context of the hierarchical approximation. An idea of proving triviality in d≥4 dimensions utilizing this new proposal concludes this review.
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TESCHNER, J. « A LECTURE ON THE LIOUVILLE VERTEX OPERATORS (REVIEW) ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, supp02 (mai 2004) : 436–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04020567.
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We reconsider the construction of exponential fields in the quantized Liouville theory. It is based on a free-field construction of a continuous family or chiral vertex operators. We derive the fusion and braid relations of the chiral vertex operators. This allows us to simplify the verification of locality and crossing symmetry of the exponential fields considerably. The calculation of the matrix elements of the exponential fields leads to a constructive derivation of the formula proposed by Dorn/Otto and the brothers Zamolodchikov.
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Delepouve, Thibault, et Vincent Rivasseau. « Constructive Tensor Field Theory : the $${T^4_3}$$ T 3 4 Model ». Communications in Mathematical Physics 345, no 2 (10 juin 2016) : 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-016-2680-1.
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Robinson, Derek W. « Commutator Theory on Hilbert Space ». Canadian Journal of Mathematics 39, no 5 (1 octobre 1987) : 1235–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1987-063-2.
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Commutator theory has its origins in constructive quantum field theory. It was initially developed by Glirnm and Jaffe [7] as a method to establish self-adjointness of quantum fields and model Hamiltonians. But it has subsequently proved useful for a variety of other problems in field theory [17] [15] [8] [3], quantum mechanics [5], and Lie group theory [6]. Despite all these detailed applications no attempt appears to have been made to systematically develop the theory although reviews have been given in [22] and [9]. The primary aim of the present paper is to partially correct this situation. The secondary aim is to apply the theory to the analysis of first and second order partial differential operators associated with a Lie group.
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SANDU, Antonio. « Constructionist Grounded Theory - GT. Conceptual and Methodological Clarifications ». Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 10, no 1 (2 avril 2018) : 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/28.
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In this article we aim to bring a series of epistemological and conceptual clarifications on a particular method of qualitative research entitled Grounded Theory (GT) in its social-constructive approach. The peculiarity of this research method is the exploratory character, the theoretical explanatory construction based on data gathered from the field and not from a series of assumptions taken from the literature, or built from the missing knowledge areas within it. The socio-constructivist dimension emphasizes the context dependence of the obtained results and the generated interpretative model.
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Nakayama, Yu. « a – c test of holography versus quantum renormalization group ». Modern Physics Letters A 29, no 29 (21 septembre 2014) : 1450158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501582.
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We show that a "constructive derivation" of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence based on the quantum local renormalization group in large-N quantum field theories consistently provides the a – c holographic Weyl anomaly in d = 4 at the curvature squared order in the bulk action. The consistency of the construction further predicts the form of the metric beta function.
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SHALABY, ABOUZEID M., et S. T. EL-BASYOUNY. « A NONPERTURBATIVE CALCULATION FOR THE EFFECTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE $\left(\frac{g}{4}\phi^{4}-J\phi\right)_{1+1}$ SCALAR FIELD THEORY USING THE OSCILLATOR REPRESENTATION METHOD WITH BOREL RESUMMATION ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no 06 (10 mars 2007) : 1265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07034374.
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We established a resummed formula for the effective potential of [Formula: see text] scalar field theory that can mimic the true effective potential not only at the critical region but also at any point in the coupling space. We first extend the effective potential from the oscillator representation method, perturbatively, up to g3 order. We supplement perturbations by the use of a resummation algorithm, originally due to Kleinert, Thoms and Janke, which has the privilege of using the strong coupling as well as the large coupling behaviors rather than the conventional resummation techniques which use only the large order behavior. Accordingly, although the perturbation series available is up to g3 order, we found a good agreement between our resummed effective potential and the well-known features from constructive field theory. The resummed effective potential agrees well with the constructive field theory results concerning existing and order of phase transition in the absence of an external magnetic field. In the presence of the external magnetic field, as in magnetic systems, the effective potential shows nonexistence of phase transition and gives the behavior of the vacuum condensate as a monotonic increasing function of J, in complete agreement with constructive field theory methods.
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Bahns, Dorothea, Klaus Fredenhagen et Kasia Rejzner. « Local Nets of Von Neumann Algebras in the Sine–Gordon Model ». Communications in Mathematical Physics 383, no 1 (12 mars 2021) : 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-021-03961-y.
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AbstractThe Haag–Kastler net of local von Neumann algebras is constructed in the ultraviolet finite regime of the Sine–Gordon model, and its equivalence with the massive Thirring model is proved. In contrast to other authors, we do not add an auxiliary mass term, and we work completely in Lorentzian signature. The construction is based on the functional formalism for perturbative Algebraic Quantum Field Theory together with estimates originally derived within Constructive Quantum Field Theory and adapted to Lorentzian signature. The paper extends previous work by two of us.
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Vostokov, S. V., O. Yu Podkopaeva et K. V. Ratko. « Application of explicit Hilbert's pairing to constructive class field theory and cryptography ». Applied Mathematical Sciences 10 (2016) : 2205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2016.64149.
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Rivasseau, V., et F. Vignes-Tourneret. « Constructive Tensor Field Theory : The $${T_{4}^{4}}$$ T 4 4 Model ». Communications in Mathematical Physics 366, no 2 (28 février 2019) : 567–646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-019-03369-9.
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Lahoche, Vincent. « Constructive tensorial group field theory II : the ${U(1)-T^4_4}$ model ». Journal of Physics A : Mathematical and Theoretical 51, no 18 (11 avril 2018) : 185402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aab8a7.
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Lahoche, Vincent. « Constructive tensorial group field theory I : The ${U(1)}$ -${T^4_3}$ model ». Journal of Physics A : Mathematical and Theoretical 51, no 18 (11 avril 2018) : 185403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aab8a8.
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Nedaei, Moein, Alexis Jacoby et Els Du Bois. « Design-Driven Conflicts : Exploring the Contribution of Design for Constructing Social Controversies from a Theoretical Standpoint ». Societies 12, no 5 (2 octobre 2022) : 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12050137.
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Controversies are an inseparable part of social systems which, if constructed properly, can create a unique condition for higher-order learning. In addition, design inquiry, as a process of thought and planning, is also a constructive process. This provokes the question of how to construct controversies from a designerly perspective in order to steer higher-order learning. This paper presents a theoretical contribution to the field of social system design by providing the first insights into design intervention to facilitate a network of allied construction. Through a systematic review of the concept of conflict and disagreement, the link between controversies and knowledge transmission is examined in order to highlight the benefit of controversies in a constructive way. Next to that, the essential steps for constructing a network of allies are proposed. These steps are compared with specific aspects of design in order to unfold the advantages of design for network construction. Finally, the paper wraps up with concluding remarks about the necessity of having a bridging step from theory to action in order to facilitate the construction of controversies in a real-life context.
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Scholtz, F. G., P. H. Williams et J. N. Kriel. « Commutative–non-commutative dualities ». Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no 2 (février 2020) : 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0887.
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We show that it is in principle possible to construct dualities between commutative and non-commutative theories in a systematic way. This construction exploits a generalization of the exact renormalization group equation (ERG). We apply this to the simple case of the Landau problem and then generalize it to the free and interacting non-canonical scalar field theory. This constructive approach offers the advantage of tracking the implementation of the Lorentz symmetry in the non-commutative dual theory. In principle, it allows for the construction of completely consistent non-commutative and non-local theories where the Lorentz symmetry and unitarity are still respected, but may be implemented in a highly non-trivial and non-local manner.
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BEESON, MICHAEL. « CONSTRUCTIVE GEOMETRY AND THE PARALLEL POSTULATE ». Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 22, no 1 (mars 2016) : 1–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2015.41.
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AbstractEuclidean geometry, as presented by Euclid, consists of straightedge-and-compass constructions and rigorous reasoning about the results of those constructions. We show that Euclidean geometry can be developed using only intuitionistic logic. This involves finding “uniform” constructions where normally a case distinction is used. For example, in finding a perpendicular to line L through point p, one usually uses two different constructions, “erecting” a perpendicular when p is on L, and “dropping” a perpendicular when p is not on L, but in constructive geometry, it must be done without a case distinction. Classically, the models of Euclidean (straightedge-and-compass) geometry are planes over Euclidean fields. We prove a similar theorem for constructive Euclidean geometry, by showing how to define addition and multiplication without a case distinction about the sign of the arguments. With intuitionistic logic, there are two possible definitions of Euclidean fields, which turn out to correspond to different versions of the parallel postulate.We consider three versions of Euclid’s parallel postulate. The two most important are Euclid’s own formulation in his Postulate 5, which says that under certain conditions two lines meet, and Playfair’s axiom (dating from 1795), which says there cannot be two distinct parallels to line L through the same point p. These differ in that Euclid 5 makes an existence assertion, while Playfair’s axiom does not. The third variant, which we call the strong parallel postulate, isolates the existence assertion from the geometry: it amounts to Playfair’s axiom plus the principle that two distinct lines that are not parallel do intersect. The first main result of this paper is that Euclid 5 suffices to define coordinates, addition, multiplication, and square roots geometrically.We completely settle the questions about implications between the three versions of the parallel postulate. The strong parallel postulate easily implies Euclid 5, and Euclid 5 also implies the strong parallel postulate, as a corollary of coordinatization and definability of arithmetic. We show that Playfair does not imply Euclid 5, and we also give some other independence results. Our independence proofs are given without discussing the exact choice of the other axioms of geometry; all we need is that one can interpret the geometric axioms in Euclidean field theory. The independence proofs use Kripke models of Euclidean field theories based on carefully constructed rings of real-valued functions. “Field elements” in these models are real-valued functions.
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Amna Fathi Al-Saabneh, Ali Hassan Habayeb, Amna Fathi Al-Saabneh, Ali Hassan Habayeb. « The extent of employment of the constructivist approach on teaching of the grammatical concept from the point of view of teachers of Arabic Language in Jenin Governorate : مدى توظيف المنحى البنائي في تدريس المفاهيم النحوية من وجهة نظر معلمي اللغة العربية في محافظة جنين ». مجلة العلوم التربوية و النفسية 6, no 15 (30 mars 2022) : 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.l120921.
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This study aimed to investigate the extent of employment of the constructivist approach on teaching of the grammatical concepts from the point of view of teachers of Arabic Language in the Jenin Governorate. To achieve the purposes of the study the researcher followed descriptive analytical method, and a questionnaire was prepared as a tool to collect the data. The researcher checked its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was applied to the study sample which consists of (93) male and female teachers, and those who were selected by the stratified random sampling method from the study population represented by all teachers of the Arabic language in Jenin Governorate. The results of the study showed that: The total score for the level of employment of constructive approach in teaching grammatical concepts among Arabic teachers in the governorate of Jenin was (4.428) and the relative weight (88.56%). The field of educational activities was ranked first degree, with a relative weight (91.32%) of. The planning field came in second degree, weighing 91.02%. The field of educational methods was ranked third degree, with a relative weight (90.66%), while the area of evaluation was fourth degree, with a relative weight (82.82%). Also results of the study showed a statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) in the means of employing the constructive approach in teaching grammatical concepts, according to gender in favour of female teachers and according to school stage in favor of elementary stage. There are no statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) in the means of employing the constructive approach in teaching grammatical concepts, according to academic degree, teaching experience and school gender. In light of the current study findings, the researcher offers the following recommendation: Preparation of a training program to develop the proficiency of Arabic language teachers in the light of structural theory. Provide means of support to encourage teachers to use teaching strategies based on construction theory. That curriculum developer develop language syllabuses based on constructivism theory.
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Erler, Jens. « Considerations Concerning the Little Group ». Universe 9, no 9 (15 septembre 2023) : 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9090420.
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I very briefly review both the historical and constructive approaches to relativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory, including remarks on the possibility of a non-vanishing photon mass, as well as a foolhardy speculation regarding dark matter.
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Zhang, Nan, et Hao Wang. « Construction and Research of Constructive English Teaching Model Applying Multimodal Neural Network Algorithm ». Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (26 mai 2022) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9144656.
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This article draws on previous research on constructive English teaching models and uses multimodal neural network algorithm theory and constructive English teaching as the theoretical basis, experimental research method, questionnaire survey method, and evaluation method. In this article, we propose a multimodal neural network consisting of a multiscale FCN module and an LSTM module. The network focuses on both the multiscale geometric spatial features and the numerical time-dependent features of the time series curves, and with the comprehensive knowledge of their characteristics, it can better distinguish the classes to which the series belong. A large-scale perceptual field is achieved by null convolution in the model to ensure that the training pressure does not increase significantly. A series of experiments on the UCR dataset verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the model. Simulation experiments were conducted to build the proposed constructive English teaching model based on a multimodal neural network algorithm, and a test environment was built for use case testing. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can be better applied to constructive English teaching and has better adaptability and accuracy in various scenarios. At the end of the experiment, a posttest of grammar level was conducted in two classes to test whether the constructive English teaching model based on the multimodal neural network model could help students improve their English grammar skills. The results of the data analysis showed that the mean score of the experimental class was significantly higher than that of the control class, and the experimental class showed a more significant improvement, indicating that this new constructive English teaching model was beneficial to improving students’ English grammar skills. The interaction strategy proposed under the constructive English teaching model can effectively improve the interaction between teachers and students. This positive feedback effect can provide front-line teachers with corresponding teaching references.
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Mervat Farooq Younis et Rufaidah Kamal Abdulmajeed. « Salience and Erasure in Environmental Advertisements : An Ecolinguistic Study ». Journal of the College of Education for Women 34, no 4 (30 décembre 2023) : 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36231/coedw.v34i4.1700.
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Ecolinguistics is a twofold field in which ecology and language are its two major concerns. That is, this field is concerned with the way through which our thoughts, ideologies and the like influence the environment. The present study aims at analyzing (6) constructive and destructive environmental advertisements to find out how the techniques of erasure and salience operate in these types of advertisements. It studies the linguistic expressions that achieve these techniques in the constructive and destructive advertisements. The qualitative and quantitative methods are exploited in the current study. Analyzing (6) constructive and destructive environmental advertisements in accordance with Stibbe’s (2015) model of salience and erasure accomplishes the qualitative approach whereas accounting the frequencies and percentages of salience and erasure occurrences in constructive and destructive environmental advertisements accomplishes the quantitative approach. The model of the analysis used in the present study is of Stibbe’s (2015) theory of erasure and salience. The main finding shows that the technique of salience is employed more frequently in constructive advertisements than that of erasure, whereas the same techniques are equally used in destructive advertisements. The main conclusion of the present study reads that the technique of salience is appropriate for constructive advertisements since it highlights the important aspects of the environmental advertisements
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Battle, Guy. « A wavelet-based set of constructive masses for the Minkowskian Feynman propagator ». Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, no 4 (1 avril 2022) : 042303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070534.
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We continue our pursuit of Minkowskian quantum field theory—specifically, a nonperturbative analysis of the characteristic functional generating the time-ordered Wightman distributions for the quartic scalar field interaction. As in a previous paper, our starting point is the Minkowskian Feynman propagator for the free scalar field theory analyzed by a system of expansion functions in space-time. Here, we choose a significantly different system of expansion functions. We start with an L2-orthonormal wavelet basis [Formula: see text], where each Ψ w has the properties of a Daubechies wavelet in the temporal coordinate and the properties of a Meyer wavelet in the spatial coordinates. We consider the matrix elements G ww′( m) of the mass- m Feynman propagator based on the expansion functions [Formula: see text], where L w denotes the length scale of [Formula: see text]. For every finite [Formula: see text], we let GΛ( m) denote the Λ × Λ matrix of such elements. We define a constructive mass to be any value of m such that GΛ( m) is nonsingular for each finite [Formula: see text]. We prove that the set of such masses is at least co-countable (although we expect every mass value to be constructive). For an arbitrary constructive mass m and an arbitrary finite [Formula: see text], we rigorously construct the interacting characteristic functional as an integral in amplitudes, where the Λ-cutoff on the quartic interaction is supplemented by a cutoff on the free-field action defined by GΛ( m)−1.
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Khurram, Shahzad, Anjeela Khurram et Nyela Ashraf. « Types of mindsets ». International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no 3 (8 juillet 2019) : 812–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-07-2017-1201.
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Purpose This study aims to adopt the institutional theory perspective to understand how institutional inconsistencies experienced by individuals translate into meaninglessness. Moreover, using the constructive development theory, it provides a plausible explanation to the enigma – why do some organizational members develop meaninglessness, while others do not? Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper is based on a critical evaluation of extant literature that helped to develop the empirically testable propositions. Findings Grounded in the three types of mindsets as proposed in the constructive development theory, this paper suggests that, for socialized knowers, the degree of meaninglessness is directly related to the extent to which valued others perceive meaninglessness with respect to the institutional prescription creating a certain degree of inconsistency. The self-authoring knowers experience a higher degree of meaninglessness, if the alternative institutional prescriptions challenge the ones attached to their desired identity. While, the self-transforming knowers feel a higher level of meaninglessness, when they realize that the institutional inconsistency is strongly related to the experiences of others impacted by it. Originality/value This study adds a significant value to the streams of institutional and constructive development theories literature. It theorizes the variations in organizational members’ feeling of meaninglessness in the face of institutional inconsistencies while considering the shaping effects of field pressure and disposition. These propositions integrate the institutional theory and constructive development theory and present more socially acceptable justifications of the organizational members’ reaction of meaninglessness to institutional inconsistencies.
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Ивенский, А. А. « TECHNIQUE OF JUSTIFICATION OF ELECTRODYNAMIC AND CONSTRUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF CONSTRUCTIVE ABSORBING MATERIALS OF WAVEGUIDE TYPE ». МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 7, no 2(25) (28 mai 2019) : 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26102/2310-6018/2019.25.2.026.
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В работе предложена методика обоснования электродинамических и конструктивных параметров материалов волноводного типа, основанная на разработанной модели поглощения СВЧизлучения на импедансных стенках и диэлектрическом наполнителе конструкционных поглощающих материалов замкнутых волноводных структур. Сущность модели, основанной на методах теории дифракции электромагнитных волн в слоистых средах, законах распространения сверхвысокочастотного излучения в волноводах, заключается в том, что электромагнитное поле перед решеткой рассматривается в виде суперпозиции полей падающей плоской волны, зеркально отраженной от границы раздела среда материал, и рассеянной на стенках решетки материала. Электромагнитная волна, падающая на материал, по мере распространения вглубь него взаимодействует с радиопоглощающими стенками. Предложен подход определения коэффициента отражения материала, особенностью которого является то, что в выражение для расчета коэффициента отражения введено слагаемое, описывающее экспоненциальное снижение уровня амплитуды (плотности потока мощности) рассеянной составляющей электромагнитного поля при распространении ее вглубь материала и обратно от конструктивных и электродинамических параметров импедансных стенок и диэлектрического наполнителя замкнутых волноводных структур (закороченных волноводных отрезков), и позволяющий установить закономерности между отражательными характеристиками конструкционного поглощающего материала и его электродинамическими и конструктивными параметрами. The paper proposes a method for substantiating the electrodynamic and structural parameters of waveguidetype materials, based on the developed model for the absorption of microwave radiation on impedance walls and the dielectric filler of structural absorbing materials of closed waveguide structures. The essence of the model, based on the methods of the theory of diffraction of electromagnetic waves in layered media, the laws of propagation of microwave radiation in waveguides, is that the electromagnetic field in front of the grating is considered as a superposition of the fields of the incident plane wave, mirrored from the mediummaterial interface, and scattered on the walls of the lattice material. An electromagnetic wave incident on the material, as it propagates deep into it, interacts with radioabsorbing walls. An approach is proposed for determining the reflection coefficient of a material, a feature of which is that a term is introduced in the expression for calculating the reflection coefficient describing an exponential decrease in the amplitude level (power flux density) of the diffuse component of the electromagnetic field when it propagates deep into the material and back impedance walls and dielectric filler of closed waveguide structures (shortcircuited waveguide segments), and allowing becoming patterns between reflection characteristics of the structural material and the absorbent electrodynamic and design parameters.
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Liu, Jinwang, Dongmei Li et Licui Zheng. « Minor Prime Factorization for n-D Polynomial Matrices over Arbitrary Coefficient Field ». Complexity 2018 (8 octobre 2018) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6235649.
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In this paper, we investigate two classes of multivariate (n-D) polynomial matrices whose coefficient field is arbitrary and the greatest common divisor of maximal order minors satisfy certain condition. Two tractable criterions are presented for the existence of minor prime factorization, which can be realized by programming and complexity computations. On the theory and application, we shall obtain some new and interesting results, giving some constructive computational methods for carrying out the minor prime factorization.
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HEINRICH, GUDRUN. « SECTOR DECOMPOSITION ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no 10 (20 avril 2008) : 1457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040263.
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Sector decomposition is a constructive method to isolate divergences from parameter integrals occurring in perturbative quantum field theory. We explain the general algorithm in detail and review its application to multiloop Feynman parameter integrals as well as infrared divergent phase-space integrals over real radiation matrix elements.
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Lamanauskas, Vincentas. « THE PARALLELS OF TRADITIONAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION ». GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 8, no 1 (25 mars 2011) : 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/11.8.04.
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It is obvious that the constructivist perspective is becoming a dominant paradigm in the field of the natural science education. “Constructivism” is not a specific pedagogy but a psychological theory of knowledge. The main idea of this theory is that humans construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences. Central to constructivism is the notion that learners play an active role in ‘constructing’ their own meaning. In general it is true. However, this theory can not be against the traditional way of teaching and learning. Constructivist approaches require learners to be active and confident in themselves and their abilities. However, learners may not always be active in the teach-ing and learning process. Quite often, learners` abilities are quite limited. In this situa-tion, a constructive approach is hardly effective. Why we want to have a behaviorally active learner? According A. Mayer (2004) educators produce materials that require learning to be behaviorally active and not be "cognitively active." Is it constructivist approach is OK nowadays? Are we sure? Who can deny that the traditional teaching / learning is wrong? Science curricula and teaching methods are changing continuously. Traditional teaching has also changed. Such teaching is fundamentally different compared to the teaching of a few decades ago. Both the curriculum and the context are different. Teaching and learning process is unthinkable without modern ICT. This itself requires a qualitatively new approach in science teaching from the teacher`s side. Our imagination that traditional education is the same as one hundred years ago is incorrect. Is it reasonable to promote ‘constructivism’ as a theory appropriate for science teaching in an uncritical way? There is no universally correct theory. This question should be discussed as large as possible in different context by scholars and teachers. Key words: constructivist approach, science education, traditional teaching.
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Awodey, Steve. « A Brief Introduction to Algebraic Set Theory ». Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 14, no 3 (septembre 2008) : 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/bsl/1231081369.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis brief article is intended to introduce the reader to the field of algebraic set theory, in which models of set theory of a new and fascinating kind are determined algebraically. The method is quite robust, applying to various classical, intuitionistic, and constructive set theories. Under this scheme some familiar set theoretic properties are related to algebraic ones, while others result from logical constraints. Conventional elementary set theories are complete with respect to algebraic models, which arise in a variety of ways, such as topologically, type-theoretically, and through variation. Many previous results from topos theory involving realizability, permutation, and sheaf models of set theory are subsumed, and the prospects for further such unification seem bright.
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Bru, J. B., et W. de Siqueira Pedra. « Universal bounds for large determinants from non-commutative Hölder inequalities in fermionic constructive quantum field theory ». Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 27, no 10 (4 août 2017) : 1963–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202517500361.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Efficiently bounding large determinants is an essential step in non-relativistic constructive quantum field theory to prove the absolute convergence of the perturbation expansion of correlation functions in terms of powers of the strength [Formula: see text] of the interparticle interaction. We provide, for large determinants of fermionic covariances, sharp bounds which hold for all (bounded and unbounded, the latter not being limited to semibounded) one-particle Hamiltonians. We find the smallest universal determinant bound to be exactly [Formula: see text]. In particular, the convergence of perturbation series at [Formula: see text] of any fermionic quantum field theory is ensured if the matrix entries (with respect to some fixed orthonormal basis) of the covariance and the interparticle interaction decay sufficiently fast. Our proofs use Hölder inequalities for general non-commutative [Formula: see text]-spaces derived by Araki and Masuda [Positive cones and [Formula: see text]-spaces for von Neumann algebras, Publ. RIMS[Formula: see text] Kyoto Univ. 18 (1982) 339–411].
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Teslenko, O. K., et M. Y. Bondarchuk. « IMPLEMENTATION OF ARBITRARY BITNESS PERMUTATIONS BASED ON COMBINED CASCADES OF STRUCTURAL UNITS ». Information technology and computer engineering 57, no 2 (2023) : 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1999-9941-2023-57-2-63-77.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The most crucial aspects of permutations are their speed and ease of implementation. This article examines the implementation of arbitrary bitness permutations in computer engineering using a particular class of combination structures with linear complexity, namely, combined cascades of structural units. The reflection formed by this linear structure is identical to that of the corresponding Mealy finite state machine, which allows for the exploration of the properties of structural units and the cascade in the context of the theory of digital automata. The purpose of this permutation is to convert large volumes of data using hardware or software quickly and simply that can be used in various research fields. The paper investigates the bijectivity and equivalence of the reflection and presents an algorithm for constructing finitestate machines for both direct and inverted permutations, along with examples of state and output table construction. The article also provides examples of hardware implementation using field-programmable gate arrays and estimates the size of state and output tables for software implementation. The theoretical speed of bijective reflection transformations is calculated for both field-programmable gate arrays and software implementation, and the paper compares the speed of software implementations based on combined and one-dimensional cascades of constructive units. The practical verification of processing speed is made with software implementation. Finally, the article proposes areas of application for this arbitrary bitness permutation.
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Simon, Barry. « Twelve tales in mathematical physics : An expanded Heineman prize lecture ». Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, no 2 (1 février 2022) : 021101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0056008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is an extended version of my 2018 Heineman prize lecture describing the work for which I got the prize. The citation is very broad, so this describes virtually all my work prior to 1995 and some afterward. It discusses work in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, constructive quantum field theory, and statistical mechanics.
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Cau-Bareille, Dominique, Dominique Lhuilier et Simon Viviers. « Travail de santé et normativité ». La pluralité de normativités en matière de santé et de sécurité du travail 2, no 1 (26 avril 2023) : 58–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1098907ar.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on an ergonomic and psychosociological analysis of work, this article aims to clarify the plural concept of normativity in the field of occupational health. After having drawn up a critique of the managerialist normativity that dominates prevention approaches, we will define the links that unite normativity, health and work based on a theorization of work activity. Then, we will propose a definition of "health work" arising from a health construction process grappling with living conditions, work requirements, contextual elements, leeway. This construction presupposes complex trade-offs between productive and constructive objectives and often requires regulations being played out both inside and outside the work environment. We will illustrate this theory through research on teaching activity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Jamshidpey, Armin, Nicole Lemire et Éric Schost. « Algebraic construction of quasi-split algebraic tori ». Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 19, no 11 (7 novembre 2019) : 2050206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498820502060.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main purpose of this work is to give a constructive proof for a particular case of the no-name lemma. Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group, [Formula: see text] a field that is equipped with a faithful [Formula: see text]-action, and [Formula: see text] a sign permutation [Formula: see text]-lattice (see the Introduction for the definition). Then [Formula: see text] acts naturally on the group algebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], and hence also on the quotient field [Formula: see text]. A well-known variant of the no-name lemma asserts that the invariant sub-field [Formula: see text] is a purely transcendental extension of [Formula: see text]. In other words, there exist [Formula: see text] which are algebraically independent over [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give an explicit construction of suitable elements [Formula: see text].
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Costa, Carla A. « The Status and Future of Sport Management : A Delphi Study ». Journal of Sport Management 19, no 2 (avril 2005) : 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.19.2.117.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ongoing debates about appropriate foci and growth of sport management research, application, theory, and training are evidence of the field’s growing pains. These growing pains also occur in other fields in which they function as a means to expand and elaborate the paradigms through which fields of inquiry grow and mature. In this study, a panel of 17 leading sport management scholars from around the globe responded to three iterations of a Delphi questionnaire probing their views about the status and future of the field. Panelists agreed that stronger research, additional cross-disciplinary research, a stronger link between theory and practice, enhanced infrastructure, and improved doctoral training are desirable objectives. They disagreed, however, about the appropriate academic home for sport management, what constitutes quality research, the roles of qualitative vs. quantitative research, and the relative value of basic vs. applied research. The results show that by actively engaging in debates over the issues identified in this study, sport management scholars can explore new ways of perceiving, thinking, and valuing that could enable proficient and constructive development of the field.
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Zou, Song Xia. « Research on the Application of Assisted Image Analysis System in the Fusion of Landscape Architecture and Landscape Painting Theory ». Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (septembre 2013) : 2018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.2018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the development of computer technology, art designs are more and more rely on graphic image processing and three-dimensional modeling, especially in landscape designs. How to use assisted image analysis system scientifically is one of hot research topics in the field currently. This article first analyzes the meaning of integration of landscape architecture and landscape painting theory. According to this, it analyzes the application and principle of image analysis auxiliary systems of the integration of landscape architecture and landscape painting theory through the case. It further analyzes the development prospect of image analysis support system and puts forward constructive comment which provides a scientific basic for the researches in this field on some extent.
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Zhong, Zijin. « Enhancing Learning Efficacy for Chinese Undergraduates Majoring in Music — A Constructive Approach ». Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 30 (19 avril 2024) : 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/3d4nfy16.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1977, the American psychologist Albert Bandura first proposed the concept of Self-efficacy. Once proposed, this concept has had an impact on several research fields. In the field of music learning, self-efficacy, as the intrinsic psychological motivation in the process of music learning, is an important factor affecting students' music learning. This paper examines the self-efficacy status of undergraduates majoring in Music in China using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Based on the results of 50 questionnaires and 6 interviews, this study further proposed possible strategies to enhance students' self-efficacy from a constructivist approach. Constructivism learning theory emphasizes the dynamic nature of knowledge, the richness and difference of students' experience, and the active construction of learning, social interaction and situation, which has certain theoretical value and practical significance for college music education. This paper is expected to provide future researchers and educators in music education with research-driven theoretical support on how to facilitate undergraduates' music learning.
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INTERLANDO, J. CARMELO, ANDRÉ LUIZ FLORES et TRAJANO PIRES DA NÓBREGA NETO. « A FAMILY OF ASYMPTOTICALLY GOOD LATTICES HAVING A LATTICE IN EACH DIMENSION ». International Journal of Number Theory 04, no 01 (février 2008) : 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042108001262.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new constructive family of asymptotically good lattices with respect to sphere packing density is presented. The family has a lattice in every dimension n ≥ 1. Each lattice is obtained from a conveniently chosen integral ideal in a subfield of the cyclotomic field ℚ(ζq) where q is the smallest prime congruent to 1 modulo n.
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Junaid, Ilham, et Marianna Sigala. « Is online learning effective for practice-based tourism courses ? A constructive learning approach ». Tourism and hospitality management 30, no 2 (2024) : 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.30.2.6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to 1) measure the effectiveness of online learning in practise-based tourism courses, 2) identify the factors that influence the effectiveness of online learning and 3) propose strategies to encourage tourism students to adopt constructive learning in online learning environments. Methodology/Design/Approach – A qualitative methodology was used to analyse data from students participating in an online course entitled “Field Study in Tourism”. Students were surveyed after completing the teaching semester and asked to give their opinions and comments on the effectiveness of online learning. A total of 32 students gave their opinions on the effectiveness of online learning. The authors used applications for online communication during online learning, such as Google Classroom, Zoom and WhatsApp. Findings – The results show that students have very different assessments of the effectiveness of online learning, with most students stating that online learning is less effective for practiseorientated tourism courses. For most students, learning is very efficient when it is applied directly in practise after learning the theory. They should be able to analyse what is happening in the field through direct observation. The students mentioned various factors (e.g. internet access, economic aspects, family support and the environment) that influence the success of online learning. Originality of the research – The findings are in line with constructivist theory, which assumes that a combination of factors relating to learners, environmental factors and teachers are responsible for achieving the goals of constructivist learning. The paper extends our knowledge of constructivist (online) learning by discussing both TLE (teacher, learner, environment) and institution-based models that need to be developed in order to effectively apply and utilise the educational benefits of constructivist learning theory and make online learning appropriate for practise-based tourism courses.
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Park, Mingyu, et Sukyoung Lee. « Relationship between Tropical and Extratropical Diabatic Heating and Their Impact on Stationary–Transient Wave Interference ». Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no 9 (13 août 2019) : 2617–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0371.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract During boreal winter, the climatological stationary wave plays a key role in the poleward transport of heat in mid- and high latitudes. Latent heating is an important driver of boreal-winter stationary waves. In this study, the temporal relationship between tropical and extratropical heating and transient–stationary wave interference is investigated by performing observational data analyses and idealized model experiments. In line with stationary wave theory, the observed heating anomaly fields during constructive interference events have a spatial structure that reinforces the zonal asymmetry of the climatological heating field. The observational analysis shows that about 10 days prior to constructive interference events, tropical heating anomalies are established, and within 1 week North Pacific and then North Atlantic heating anomalies follow. This result suggests that constructive interference involves a heating–circulation relay: tropical latent heating drives circulation anomalies that transport moisture in such a manner as to increase latent heating in the North Pacific; circulation anomalies driven by this North Pacific heating similarly lead to enhanced latent heating in the North Atlantic. This heating–circulation relay picture is supported by initial-value model calculations in which the observed heating anomalies are used to drive model circulations. Our results also show that the constructive interference driven by both tropical and extratropical diabatic heating generates a relatively large-amplitude wave in high latitudes and leads to particularly prolonged Arctic warming episodes, whereas when both the tropical and extratropical diabatic heating are weak, constructive interference is confined to midlatitudes and does not lead to Arctic warming.
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AKEROYD, B. SCHROER, et H. W. WIESBROCK. « MODULAR CONSTRUCTIONS OF QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES WITH INTERACTIONS ». Reviews in Mathematical Physics 12, no 02 (février 2000) : 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x00000113.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We extend the previously introduced constructive modular method to nonperturbative QFT. In particular the relevance of the concept of "quantum localization" (via intersection of algebras) versus classical locality (via support properties of test functions) is explained in detail, the wedge algebras are constructed rigorously and the formal aspects of double cone algebras for d=1+1 factorizing theories are determined. The well-known on-shell crossing symmetry of the S-Matrix and of formfactors (cyclicity relation) in such theories is intimately related to the KMS properties of new quantum-local PFG (one-particle polarization-free) generators of these wedge algebras. These generators are "on-shell" and their Fourier transforms turn out to fulfill the Zamolodchikov–Faddeev algebra. As the wedge algebras contain the crossing symmetry information, the double cone algebras reveal the particle content of fields. Modular theory associates with this double cone algebra two very useful chiral conformal quantum field theories which are the algebraic versions of the light ray algebras.
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Mast, Jelle, Roel Coesemans et Martina Temmerman. « Constructive journalism : Concepts, practices, and discourses ». Journalism 20, no 4 (1 juin 2018) : 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770885.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Constructive journalism as a (news) philosophy and practice is gaining ground around the globe as both new journalistic ventures and legacy news media variously experiment with so-called ‘constructive’ approaches, and specialized (nonprofit) organizations and training programs have been established. While scholarly interest in the subject has steadily grown accordingly, constructive journalism as a research field in its own right is arguably still in need of further development. Therefore, we set out to explore, advance, and shape a research agenda, and to build a theoretical and empirical foundation for constructive journalism, providing a 360° view by bringing together an international body of scholarship approaching the topic and the issues raised through different disciplinary, conceptual, and methodological lenses. As such, we aim, first, to contribute to the conceptual development of constructive journalism by refining its roots in positive psychology and carefully delineating its position along related and divergent types of journalism, identifying its core values and principles, the lineages and digressions. Second, we seek to advance theory building in this nascent research domain based on empirical data and insights variously derived from quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches exploring, describing, and testing through large-scale or in-depth analyses, how constructive journalism can be interpreted and put in practice, how it materializes and with what effect. In doing so, we adopt an overall stance of ‘critical appreciation’ toward the subject, engaging in foundational thinking while not shying away from an assessment of the potential and effective critique or controversy stirred by this proliferating ‘alternative’ branch of journalism.
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Laland, Kevin N., Tobias Uller, Marcus W. Feldman, Kim Sterelny, Gerd B. Müller, Armin Moczek, Eva Jablonka et John Odling-Smee. « The extended evolutionary synthesis : its structure, assumptions and predictions ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 282, no 1813 (22 août 2015) : 20151019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019.
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Scientific activities take place within the structured sets of ideas and assumptions that define a field and its practices. The conceptual framework of evolutionary biology emerged with the Modern Synthesis in the early twentieth century and has since expanded into a highly successful research program to explore the processes of diversification and adaptation. Nonetheless, the ability of that framework satisfactorily to accommodate the rapid advances in developmental biology, genomics and ecology has been questioned. We review some of these arguments, focusing on literatures (evo-devo, developmental plasticity, inclusive inheritance and niche construction) whose implications for evolution can be interpreted in two ways—one that preserves the internal structure of contemporary evolutionary theory and one that points towards an alternative conceptual framework. The latter, which we label the ‘extended evolutionary synthesis' (EES), retains the fundaments of evolutionary theory, but differs in its emphasis on the role of constructive processes in development and evolution, and reciprocal portrayals of causation. In the EES, developmental processes, operating through developmental bias, inclusive inheritance and niche construction, share responsibility for the direction and rate of evolution, the origin of character variation and organism–environment complementarity. We spell out the structure, core assumptions and novel predictions of the EES, and show how it can be deployed to stimulate and advance research in those fields that study or use evolutionary biology.
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Koshanov, B. D., A. Baiarystanov, M. Daurenkyzy et S. O. Turymbet. « GREEN'S FUNCTIONS OF SOME BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR BYHARMONIC OPERATORS AND THEIR CORRECT CONSTRICTIONS ». PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL SERIES 2, no 336 (15 avril 2021) : 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1726.16.
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In this paper, a constructive method is given for constructing the Green function of the Dirichlet problem for a biharmonic equation in a multidimensional ball. The need to study boundary value problems for elliptic equations is dictated by numerous practical applications in the theoretical study of the processes of hydrodynamics, electrostatics, mechanics, thermal conductivity, elasticity theory, and quantum physics. The distributions of the potential of the electrostatic field are described using the Poisson equation. When studying the vibrations of thin plates of small deflections, biharmonic equations arise. There are various ways to construct the Green Function of the Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equation. For many types of domains, it is constructed explicitly. And for the Neumann problem in multidimensional domains, the construction of the Green function is an open problem. For the ball, the Green function of the internal and external Neumann problem is constructed explicitly only for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases. Finding general correct boundary value problems for differential equations is always an urgent problem. The abstract theory of operator contraction and expansion originates from the work of John von Neumann, in which a method for constructing self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator was described and a theory of extension of symmetric operators with finite defect indices was developed in detail. Many problems for partial differential equations lead to operators with infinite defect indices. In the early 80s of the last century, M.O. Otelbaev and his students built an abstract theory that allows us to describe all correct constrictions of a certain maximum operator and separately - all correct extensions of a certain minimum operator, independently of each other, in terms of the inverse operator. In this paper, the correct boundary value problems for the biharmonic operator are described using the Green's function.
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Khachatryan, Kh A., H. S. Petrosyan et S. M. Andriyan. « On the solubility of a class of two-dimensional integral equations on a quarter plane with monotone nonlinearity ». Buletinul Academiei de Ştiinţe a Republicii Moldova. Matematica, no 2(99) (janvier 2023) : 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56415/basm.y2022.i2.p19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the paper we study a class of two-dimensional integral equations on a quarter-plane with monotone nonlinearity and substochastic kernel. With specific representations of the kernel and nonlinearity, an equation of this kind arises in various fields of natural science. In particular, such equations occur in the dynamical theory of $p$-adic open-closed strings for the scalar field of tachyons, in the mathematical theory of the geographical spread of a pandemic, in the kinetic theory of gases, and in the theory of radiative transfer in inhomogeneous media. \newline We prove constructive theorems on the existence of a nontrivial nonnegative and bounded solution. For one important particular case, the existence of a one-parameter family of nonnegative and bounded solutions is also established. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior at infinity of each solution from the given family os studied. At the end of the paper, specific particular examples (of an applied nature) of the kernel and nonlinearity that satisfy all the conditions of the proven statements are given.
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MI, Yaoge. « A Study on the Construction of Female Subjectivity in Disney’s Animated Film Mulan in Light of Articulation Theory ». Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no 1 (31 mars 2022) : 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2022.0201.015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Disney’s animated film Mulan is adapted from the traditional Chinese folktale “Mulan disguises herself as a man to fight on behalf of her father”. Different from the loyal and filial figure of Mulan in Chinese traditional folktale, Disney portrays Mulan as a heroine who pursues personal value and self-actualization. Although it is quite different from Mulan figure in Chinese folktale, it is found that the construction of female subjectivity in Disney’s Mulan is a double layer articulation structure after a detailed analysis of the film text from the perspective of Stuart Hall’s articulation theory. The purpose of the first layer of articulation is to construct the field of struggle for the construction of female subjectivity in the film, and the second layer aims to reveal the connotation of emancipation of Disney’s Mulan figure through an analysis of the constructive process of Mulan’s female subjectivity. Finally, it is concluded that the female subjectivity constructed in the film is based on the recognition of gender differences, integrating masculinity and femininity, and mobilizing all individuals in the society to achieve women’s emancipation and gender equality. This feminist discourse provides an alternative logic for society with women’s life experiences.
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de Matos-Ala, Jacqui. « Unlocking Curriculum Design : Experiences in Constructing a Dynamic IR Undergraduate Curriculum in South Africa ». International Studies Perspectives 20, no 3 (26 juillet 2019) : 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekz010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The intricate nature of curriculum construction is not always apparent to academics especially those who have not studied in the area of education. This article addresses the issue of curriculum construction or design in the field of international relations. Specifically, we discuss issues of constructive alignment, disciplinary knowledge structure, and cognitive load – issues we found most generative in the process of redesigning the undergraduate international relations curriculum at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Reflections by staff members provided here suggest that we have been successful in creating environments conducive for learning. However, extraneous factors hindered us from fully realizing our objectives; the resolution of the socio-political problems that create such extraneous factors is beyond the ability of curriculum design. We argue that the contribution of curriculum design lies in a reflective educational response to societal needs based on sound pedagogical theory.