Thèses sur le sujet « Conservation and Enhancement »
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1
Faul, Andre Karel. « Biodiversity enhancement in Cape Flats urban habitats ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2823.
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Thesis (MSc (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosc, 2005.Biodiversity is under enormous pressure from an increasing human population. Urbanisation, agriculture, and mining are just some of the factors responsible for the continuous degradation of the natural environment. Of these, urbanisation is one of the leading factors of diversity loss. To address this problem, it is necessary to understand the relationship between biodiversity and urban areas, as well as the relationship between society and biodiversity. This study focuses on these relationships and suggest ways in which urban biodiversity can be maximised without compromising on development. In order to create an urban environment that successfully supports maximised biodiversity, new methods and ideas must be developed to promote the protection of urban ecosystems. The Cape Floristic Region in South Africa is a good example of an area that requires immediate action in order to prevent enormous losses in biodiversity. Data have shown drastic decreases in natural vegetation cover in this area, and with its close to 9000 species, of which approximately 60% occurs nowhere else in the world. This state of affairs should be regarded as a serious crisis. This study consists of three main parts, the first being a literature review on the current relationships between the urban environment, society, and biodiversity. The second and third parts report on two empirical investigations on the campus of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Stellenbosch in the City of Cape Town. The first of these investigates the possibility of using spirituality connected to nature as a promotional tool for conservation through rehabilitation or restoration of damaged urban vegetation habitats. For this purpose students’ and staff members’ opinions of the urban nature at the campus were tested. In the second investigation the options of restoring biodiversity to the campus was considered by exploring the best options available for rehabilitation while taking the current biodiversity status on and around the premises into account. This was carried out through three smaller projects that included the physical reintroduction of plant species, vegetation analysis, and bird identification and attraction. The response of employees and students at the Faculty of Health Sciences was found to be in favour of restoring vegetation and animal life to the campus. This is supported by a belief that their attitude towards their work would improve with improved natural surroundings. Initial rehabilitation attempts highlighted the complexity of rehabilitation practices by bringing forward challenges and problems experienced with the reintroduction of plant species. Despite these problems, increased plant diversity in experimental areas showed the possibility of successfully completing the project. Biodiversity analysis showed that methods of controlling vegetation used by the university are doing more harm than good, as it results in indigenous vegetation being displaced by exotic vegetation. This study introduces a number of questions regarding the relationship between urbanisation and biodiversity and to what extent the two should be linked. Hopefully it is a step in the direction towards marrying the urban and natural environment, and to create a sustainable urban environment where society no longer sees nature as something outside the city boundaries.
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Tylianakis, Jason. « Ecological enhancement of an aphid parasitoid ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1309.
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Insects have become increasingly resistant to chemical control methods, while at the same time public awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic pesticides has increased. The search for more environmentally 'friendly' means of pest suppression is gaining momentum and biological control (the use of natural enemies to reduce populations of noxious organisms) has become an increasingly sought-after option. Despite an increase in the establishment rate of insect natural enemies, classical biological control of arthropods is currently no more successful than it was one hundred years ago. Ecological theory relevant to population biology, food webs and diversity provides insight into how biological control agents can be made more effective, yet this theory has often been absent from the biological control literature. Examples of the use of ecological concepts (including intraguild predation, life-history omnivory and resource subsidies) in practical biological control are reviewed, and aspects of theory not yet considered in this context are discussed. Cereals are important as primary food crops, globally and within New Zealand. Possibly the greatest amount of damage sustained by cereal crops in New Zealand is caused by aphids and chemical control of these pests is very expensive relative to biological control. This thesis examines how biological control of the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphidiidae) by the koinobiont, synovigenic endoparasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) can be enhanced by floral resource subsidies. The mechanisms underlying this enhancement were determined in a series of laboratory experiments and then tested in laboratory microcosms and in the field. Sugar resources significantly increased longevity and egg load in A. rhopalosiphi and another species of aphidiid, Diaeretiella rapae McIntosh. Pollen had no significant effect on longevity or egg load in these species. These results are discussed in terms of the effects of resource subsidies on egg- versus time-limitation. Laboratory microcosm experiments tested whether the mechanisms of increased potential fecundity via enhanced egg load and longevity translate into increased rates of parasitism (i.e., realised fecundity). Only treatments receiving sugar showed increased reproductive success. The presence of flowering buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (c.v. Kitawase) (Polygonaceae) plants caused a slight, non-significant increase in rates of parasitism. Field surveys of natural aphid populations in a wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) (c.v. Otane) (Gramineae) field showed that proximity to floral buckwheat patches, distance to the nearest edge or the leeward end of the field were not significantly correlated with rates of parasitism. These variables were significantly correlated with aphid density in some surveys. Rates of parasitism were not correlated with aphid density. When aphid population density was controlled by experimental placement of aphids, proximity to floral resource patches significantly affected rates of parasitism. Parasitism rates were highest at the edges of buckwheat patches and declined exponentially with distance, eventually reaching zero beyond 14 m. Lower levels of parasitism were observed within the floral patches than at their edges. This phenomenon is compatible with the concept of spatio-temporal partitioning between parasitoid feeding and host-searching behaviours. Potential costs (increased predation risk, opportunity costs) and benefits (increased fecundity and longevity) associated with floral feeding by parasitoids, and temporal variation in these factors, are discussed. It is concluded that resource subsidies are not only effective in the practical enhancement of the efficacy of a specific biological control agent, but their use is based on a sound foundation in ecological theory that allows extension of these principles across taxa.
3
MASSAI, Pietro. « Conservation and Enhancement of Indian Architecture, Integration of survey and comparison analysis processes for the conservation and valorization of Cultural Heritage ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488015.
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Conservation and Enhancement. Nowadays one of the most important debate ongoing, that involves every level’s actors in field of Architecture, Urban Planning, as well as promoters and stakeholders, is on the connection and interrelation in between these two fields of study. The introduction of the new concept of Industry 4.0 and the continuous need for growing of living standards, together with daily innovations in the AEC world (Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry), is leading towards new horizons the entire concept of conservation of ancient architecture.
Thanks to the growing possibilities of comparison in between way of living among different parts of the world, the individual and diffuse instinct in economically emerging countries is to reach a better state in the healthy possibilities and wellness. In these nations, the impulse towards a growth of the wellness conditions is usually combined with a conspicuous availability of free land plots and the willingness of moving towards new production areas. Ancient areas of cities were not commonly considered within this progress part of the possible evolution: in certain cases, as a matter of facts, city centres of developing nations became omitted areas, seen as not productive ones.
The analysis of the difficulties that actors as municipalities, trusts, foundations and NGOs are facing because of the quick development and different government directions, focuses this research on the necessity of introducing an inspection methodology for the heritage centres that has to be as less expensive as possible from three main points of view. Economical, timing, easiness.
The aim of the research is to define a documenting methodology that allows the creation of a cataloguing system of areas of not-yet-surveyed historic centres, in order to highlight possibilities towards the definition of conservations’ primer focuses. Therefore, the study emphases on urban context with the complexity of an initial organic settlement with two case studies in north India: Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
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Cook, Benjmain O. « Lower Scotts Creek Floodplain and Habitat Enhancement Project ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1647.
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Scotts Creek, located in northern Santa Cruz County, maintains the southernmost persistent population of Central California Coast (CCC) Coho Salmon (endangered) in addition to CCC steelhead (threatened). Fisheries biologists believe overwinter mortality due to lack of refuge habitat is the primary factor limiting salmonid production. Instream rearing habitat may also be limiting, especially during drought years. The legacy effects of historic land use practices, including dredging, wood removal, and the construction of levees, continued to limit refuge and rearing opportunities. A restoration project was implemented to improve refuge and rearing opportunities for salmonids along lower Scotts Creek by removing portions of the deteriorating levee, grading new connections with existing off-channel features, enhancing tributary confluences, constructing alcove habitat features at the margins of the stream channel, and constructing large wood complexes (LWCs) instream.
Novel restoration techniques were employed on an experimental basis. Whole in-situ alder trees were pushed into the stream channel with their root systems left partially intact to establish living key pieces. Individual log, boulder, and rootwad LWC components were attached together with couplers that permitted some freedom of independent movement among the individual components. LWCs were braced against live, standing trees and stabilized with boulder ballasts placed on the streambed, which eliminated excavation of the streambed/banks and the need to dewater or divert the stream during construction.
Project performance, changes to physical habitat characteristics, and changes to stream morphology associated with implementation were monitored using habitat assessment methods derived from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) salmonid habitat survey protocol (Flosi et al. 2010), and topographic survey techniques and data analysis adapted from Columbia Habitat Monitoring Protocol (Bouwes et al. 2011). Preliminary results indicated that LWCs remained stable and functional. In addition, implementation of the restoration project increased pool frequency, low-flow pool volume, instream cover, frequency of instream, alcove, and off-channel refuge habitat features, and frequency of points of connectivity with the floodplain. Long-term monitoring will be required to determine the survivorship, decay rates, and overall persistence of alder recruits.
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Tokatlian, Karine. « Evaluation of Oyster Shell Enhancement on Western Snowy Plover Breeding Success ». Thesis, San Jose State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10635621.
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The Pacific Coast population of the western snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus; plover) is listed as a federally threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to poor reproductive success from anthropogenic habitat loss, and high predation pressure. Plovers in the South San Francisco Bay use dry salt evaporation ponds, and wildlife-managed ponds, to breed and winter. However, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore up to 6,110 hectares of this habitat back to native tidal marsh, which will force plovers to breed in smaller areas and in higher densities. In order to recover plovers in these unique conditions, remaining habitat can be enhanced using oyster shells, which may camouflage breeding plovers, and decrease predation. This study evaluated the effect of oyster shell enhancement on plover breeding success by comparing nesting density, success, and brood behavior between enhanced and unenhanced areas. Plovers did select to nest in enhanced areas; however, nest survival did not increase relative to unenhanced areas. Brood behavior was also affected by enhancement, though highly correlated with the location of optimal foraging habitat. It is likely that enhancement will only improve nesting success if predators are concurrently controlled. Ultimately, plovers may benefit from the application of oyster shells as it attracts nesting effort, and may be strategically used by resource managers.
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Okuyama, Junichi. « Study on conservation and enhancement of endangered sea turtles using animal behavioral information ». 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135982.
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Heath, Sacha Katharine. « Avian Diversity, Pest-Reduction Services, and Habitat Quality in an Intensive Temperate Agricultural Landscape| How Effective Is Local Biodiversity Enhancement ? » Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10845255.
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Thirty-four percent of Earth’s arable land has been converted to agricultural uses, and increased agricultural intensification has been correlated with contemporary decreases in avian abundance and functional diversity. Farm-scale biodiversity enhancement features such as native woody plant hedgerows have been planted in crop margins with the expectations of attracting beneficial predators and pollinators, and of improved pest control and pollination services in adjacent crops. Despite ongoing investment and perceived benefits of these types of enhancements for biodiversity, few evaluations have tested their effectiveness at increasing avian diversity. A growing body of research has quantified crop pest reduction by birds with indirect benefits for yield, yet few studies have evaluated whether farm-scale conservation activities improve effect sizes of these services. Further, whether or not crop margin habitats confer fitness benefits necessary for avian population viability (i.e., survival and reproduction) remains almost entirely unstudied. On each of these fronts, landscape effects can counteract or interact synergistically with the effects of local activities, and assessment of farmland habitat enhancement must be done with explicit reference to landscape context. I conducted field research in a system of extant woody hedgerows and semi-natural riparian habitat patches among farmlands of the Sacramento Valley of California’s Central Valley, USA to investigate three questions. Does farm-scale biodiversity enhancement and retention of semi-natural landscape habitat 1) influence patterns in avian abundance and diversity, 2) increase the rate of pest reduction by birds in adjacent crops, and 3) provide quality habitat and confer fitness benefits for avian occupants? In Chapter 1, and with collaborators, I sampled birds and habitat characteristics in 111 crop margins and landscape buffers during two winter and breeding seasons. We found that margins with hedgerows, treelines, or remnant riparian habitat harbored 2–3 times as many bird species and 3–6 times greater abundance than bare or weedy margins. Margin habitat type interacted with distance from semi-natural woodlands; hedgerow or riparian margins further from woodlands harbored more bird species. In Chapter 2, I performed a sentinel prey exclosure experiment in walnuts to compare pest cocoon predation rates by birds in 10 orchards with and 10 orchards without woody vegetation patches in their margins, and I characterized semi-natural cover within landscape buffers. Avian predator richness and abundance was greater in habitat orchard margins than in bare margins, and birds were confirmed predators of 23±29% pest cocoons per orchard (range 0 – 80%). Pest predation rates did not increase with the presence of woody margin habitat. Instead, predation rates increased with the increasing size of orchard trees, avian predator abundance, and percentage of semi-natural cover in the landscape. In Chapter 3, I used a suite of environmental, body condition, and population measures in long-distance migratory Zonotrichia sparrows to quantify habitat quality at hedgerows and natural reserves along a gradient of connectivity and landscape habitat amount. Abundance and within-winter apparent survival was highest in connected hedgerows and natural reserves with the most woodland landscape cover. Isolated hedgerows were of poor quality for first year Gambel’s white-crowned sparrows (Z. leucophrys gambelii) and the differences in within-winter apparent survival between first year and adult birds decreased significantly with increasing woodland landscape cover. The combined results suggest that farm scale habitat enhancement can be beneficial for birds in terms of local abundance and diversity, and within-winter apparent survival if connected to and among a sufficient percentage of other similar habitats. Farm scale enhancements can also be beneficial to growers by increasing the number of avian predators of crop pests. Yet, growers appear to benefit most by having crops located in landscapes with greater percentages of semi-natural landscape cover, where avian predation rates of crop pests were highest.
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Urquhart, Julie. « Public benefits from private forests and woodland in England : investigating the opportunities for public good enhancement ». Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2009. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3191/.
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Public goods such as environmental conservation, amenity and carbon sequestration are increasingly emphasised in forest policy agendas. However, many public benefits in woodlands have occurred incidentally, rather than on the basis of socio-economic logic and often at locations relatively inaccessible to major centres of population. In fact, data reveal a concentration of privately owned woodland in densely populated areas, especially in central and southern England, and that woodland is often factored into residential location decisions and lifestyle behaviours. However, the provision of public goods is likely to be contingent on the value systems of private forest and woodland owners and their flexibility of response to measures promoted under the devolved forest strategies. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to construct a robust typology of private woodland owners with respect to their willingness and ability to deliver public good benefits in three study areas in England: the Lake District, Cornwall and the High Weald AONB. Building on an exploratory scoping study, Q Methodology interviews were conducted with 10 woodland owners in each study area, followed by a self-completion survey, administered using Dillman's Total Design Method. Data from 600 woodland owners was subjected to a Factor and Cluster Analysis, with the emergent model validated using Discriminant Analysis. Six discrete private woodland owner types were revealed: Individualists, Multifunctional Owners, Private Consumers, Conservationists, Investors and Amenity Owners. Important distinctions between owner groups are associated with the likely provision of particular benefits and disbenefits, and the classification suggests that a move from a production versus consumption/protection framework to one that includes intersecting goals may be more appropriate. Policy implications are discussed to facilitate use of the typology in targeting particular woodland owner groups with more nuanced policy mechanisms, including incentive schemes, market mechanisms and advisory services.
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AL-Doss, Abdullah Abdulaziz. « Germplasm pooling and multiple-trait selection for conservation and enhancement of Arabian alfalfa germplasms ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186303.
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The development of regional germplasm pools to conserve genetic resources from a specific region has been suggested to increase germplasm utilization and to reduce maintenance costs. However, the effects of selection on genetic variability within germplasm pools have not been documented. This research attempted to study effects of germplasm pooling and multiple-trait selection on phenotypic and genetic variability within nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm pools. Five germplasm pools differing in geographical representation were formed from 12 Middle Eastern ecotypes based on agronomical and morphological similarities. These germplasm pools included three restricted pools, representing variability among relatively similar ecotypes, and two broader-based pools. Syn-1 seed of germplasm pools were evaluated for blue aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) resistance and forage yield in saline and non-saline environments in the greenhouse. Fifty six plants (p = 12.5%) were selected using Simple Weighted Index in each pool and in the 'Hejazi' ecotype, and interpollinated to form six Cycl-1 selected populations. These populations and six randomly selected populations were evaluated both in the greenhouse, to measure response to selection, and in the field, to measure effect of selection on phenotypic variability. The initial screening study indicated that all germplasm pools had low aphid resistance and good potential for increased yield in saline and non-saline environments. No significant differences were observed in the field between selected and random populations for any of the agronomical or morphological traits evaluated. This indicates that multiple-trait selection did not affect variability for traits not targeted by selection. Response to selection for aphid resistance was significant only in the restricted pools. Response to selection for forage yield in saline and non-saline environments was highest in the most broad-based pool. Half-sib analysis among 25 families indicated that genetic variability in selected populations was dependent on the level of variability present in the base population. The results of this study indicate that development of single Arabian alfalfa germplasm pool may be adequate to conserve the genetic variability among the Arabian alfalfa ecotypes since most of the desired traits among the Arabian ecotypes are common to most ecotypes.
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Lopez, Rachelle Sarai Sneh. « Enhancement Plan for Downtown Cayucos, Ca ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/171.
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An area can be torn by the competition between the preservation of its character and the desire for new development. Cayucos’ downtown area is recognized by both residents and visitors as a special place with a strong, small, coastal town feel. However, issues such as accessibility, public amenities, parking, maintenance, and general development needs have to be dealt with. This thesis deals with the issue of how to plan for change while maintaining the character of Cayucos, and presents an enhancement plan proposal for its downtown. The development of this plan was based on a research-based design methodology, which included a literature review on sense of place, a review of five case studies, and fieldwork with surveys, interviews, and on-site observations and analysis. The research included the understanding of the needs, interests, and expectations of the stakeholders, including local business owners, residents, and visitors, in order to help define core issues and to inform the vision and a series of responsive goals for the area’s enhancement. The final enhancement plan proposal followed a design approach that was responsive to site, context, and stakeholders, and will contribute to Cayucos’ quest for the increase of the quality of its downtown while responding to market and development needs.
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Stevenson, Carrie Shannon Tomlinson. « Enhancement of recruitment and nursery function by habitat creation in Pensacola Bay, Florida ». [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000084.
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Luginbuhl, April M. « The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program agricultural-environmental policy and its impact on land use and county discretion in northwest Ohio / ». Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1029334414.
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Dube, Ernest. « Soil fertility enhancement through appropriate fertilizer management on winter cover crops in a conservation agriculture system ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001044.
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A study was carried out to determine the effects of oat (Avena sativa) and grazing vetch (Vicia darsycapa) winter cover crops and fertilizer application on SOM, phosphorus (P) pools, nutrient availability, nutrient uptake, maize yield and seedbanks of problematic weeds in an irrigated maize-based conservation agriculture (CA) system. A separate experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the winter cover crops on nitrogen (N) management, N use efficiency and profitability. After four years of continuous rotation, the winter cover crops significantly (p<0.05) increased particulate SOM and hot water soluble carbon in the 0 – 5 and 5 – 20 cm soil depths. When fertilized, oat was better able to support SOM sequestration in water stable aggregates at 0 – 20 cm whilst grazing vetch was more effective at 20 – 50 cm. Where no fertilizer was invested, there were significant (p<0.01) reductions in biomass input and SOM on oat-maize and weedy fallow-maize rotations whereas vetch-maize rotations did not respond, both at 0 – 5 and 5 – 20 cm. Targeting fertilizer to the winter cover crop required less fertilizer, and yet gave a similar SOM response as targeting the fertilizer to the maize crop. In addition to increasing SOM in the surface soil (0 – 5 cm), the winter cover crops significantly (p<0.05) increased labile pools of P, including microbial P. The cover crops also significantly (p<0.05) increased maize P concentration during early growth, extractable soil P, Cu, Mn, and Zn but had no effect on Ca and K. Grazing vetch increased soil mineral N but reduced extractable soil Mg. Without fertilizer, there were sharp declines in maize grain yield on oat and weedy fallow rotations over the four year period, but less so, on the grazing vetch. Grazing vetch increased maize growth, grain yield response to N fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and profitability for fertilizer rates below 180 kg N ha-1. Oat effects however on maize yield and NUE were generally similar to weedy fallow. Based on the partial factor productivity of N, the highest efficiencies in utilization of fertilizer N for maize yield improvement under grazing vetch and oat are obtained at 60 kg N ha-1 and would decline thereafter with any increases in fertilizer application rate. Grazing vetch gave N fertilizer replacement values of up to 120 kg N ha-1 as well as the highest marginal rates of return to increasing N fertilizer rate. The cover crops were more effective than the weedy fallow in reducing seedbank density of Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Amaranthus retroflexus and Datura stramonium at 0 – 5 cm soil depth, causing weed seed reductions of 30 - 70%. The winter cover crops however, selectively allowed emergence of the narrow leafed weeds; Cyperus esculentus and Digitaria sanguinalis in the maize crop. The findings of this study suggested that grazing vetch is suited for SOM improvement in low fertilizer input systems and that fertilizer is better invested on winter cover crops as opposed to maize crops. Oat, on the other hand, when fertilized, would be ideal for C sequestration in water stable aggregates of the surface soil. Grazing vetch is ideal for resource poor farmers who cannot afford mineral fertilizers as it gives grain yield improvement and high fertilizer replacement value. Grazing vetch can produce enough maize yield response to pay its way in the maize-based systems and oat may not require additional N than that applied to the weedy fallow. Phosphorus and Zn are some of the major limiting essential plant nutrients on South African soils and the winter cover crops could make a contribution. The cover crops also hasten depletion of some problematic weeds from seedbanks, leading to reduced weed pressure during maize growth.
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Magagnoli, Serena <1985>. « Functional Biodiversity in Different Agricultural Systems : Methods and Techniques for Conservation and Enhancement of Ecosystem Services ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8075/1/Tesi%20dottorato%20Magagnoli%20Serena.pdf.
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The general aim of my PhD was focused on study the role of different agricultural systems in promoting functional biodiversity. In particular, the importance of habitat management techniques on natural enemy enhancement and conservation was considered at farm level with two-years samplings. Predation by polyphagous predators, which represents one of the most important ecosystem services in conservation biological control, was assessed using different approaches. In this context, molecular marker and artificial caterpillars (sentinel preys made by plasticine) were used to investigate the role of polyphagous predators in different cultivated systems.
The hypothesis of my thesis is in agreement with the general assumption that diversified agro-ecosystems are more suitable for natural enemies than simplified ones. In vegetable system, natural enemies should be also favoured by the presence of Agro-ecological Service Crops by means of food supply, refuges and shelters. Moreover, we hypothesized that sustainable approaches such as green manure and roller crimper reduce soil disturbance and strengthen the ecosystem services, in comparison with conventional methods.Le attività di ricerca svolte durante il mio PhD sono state focalizzate allo studio dei metodi e delle tecniche per conservare e promuovere la biodiversità funzionale negli agro-ecosistemi. Campionamenti biennali, effettuati a livello di azienda, hanno permesso di valutare l’azione dei predatori polifagi nei confronti degli insetti dannosi utilizzando marker molecolari e bruchi artificiali di plastilina (dummy caterpillars). L’ipotesi della mia tesi è in accordo con il generale presupposto secondo cui i nemici naturali sono favoriti dai sistemi agricoli diversificati. A tal proposito, un punto chiave del dottorato ha riguardato l’influenza che le “Agro-ecological Service Crops (ASC)” hanno nei confronti degli insetti utili e dannosi in sistemi orticoli biologici. Difatti, è ben noto come le ASC avvantaggino i nemici naturali grazie a una maggiore disponibilità di cibo e di rifugi riducendo di conseguenza le infestazioni; sebbene tale affermazione debba essere valutata caso per caso. Inoltre, abbiamo ipotizzato che tecniche agronomiche quali il roller crimper e il sovescio riducano il disturbo del suolo rafforzando i servizi ecosistemici rispetto ai metodi convenzionali.
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Thomas, Alaina D. « Benefits of the state acres for wildlife enhancement practice for bird populations in Kansas ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18720.
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Master of ScienceDivision of Biology
Brett K. Sandercock
Grassland birds have experienced population declines worldwide from habitat degradation caused by conversion to agriculture and recent intensification of land use, including increased use of fertilizer, fossil fuels, and irrigation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) includes initiatives targeting wildlife enhancement to mitigate ongoing declines in grassland bird populations. The newest CRP practice, State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE), was designed to restore vital habitats for high priority wildlife species throughout the United States. Our objective was to assess the potential benefits of SAFE for upland gamebirds and grassland songbirds in Kansas. We monitored lands enrolled in SAFE to estimate bird density based on field scale and landscape scale characteristics. Our study was conducted in three ecoregions: Smoky Hills (4 counties), Flint Hills (3 counties), and the High Plains (3 counties). We surveyed 121 SAFE fields and 49 CRP fields from 2012 – 2013. Northern Bobwhite density was negatively associated with percent litter within survey fields. Ring-necked Pheasant density differed among ecoregions, and was positively associated with percent bare ground in the High Plains, but negatively associated with field age in the Smoky Hills. Mourning Dove density differed among ecoregions, and was negatively associated with percent forb in the High Plains, and positively associated with percent grassland in the Smoky Hills. In the Flint Hills, Mourning Doves were negatively associated with CRP fields and large fields. Brown-headed Cowbirds were positively associated with percent forbs. Amount of CRP surrounding survey locations was positively associated with bird density through the entire range for Grasshopper Sparrows, Dickcissels, and Lark Buntings, and in the High Plains for Western Meadowlarks. Percent woodland had negative effects on Western Meadowlarks in the Smoky Hills, whereas percent cropland had negative effects on Eastern Meadowlarks statewide. CRP positively affected abundance of four of our species, whereas percent cropland and woodland negatively affected others. Thus, the amount of set-aside lands enrolled in SAFE could be important for grassland bird populations. SAFE and CRP supported equal numbers of Northern Bobwhites and Ring-necked Pheasants, suggesting SAFE provides benefits for target species of upland gamebirds.
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Scott, Anna Victoria. « The landscape scale approach to urban nature conservation : implementation, critical appraisal of policy interactions and new opportunities for urban biodiversity enhancement ». Thesis, University of Salford, 2009. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26900/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Within towns and cities there are fragmented natural landscape elements that contain important biodiversity and provide other ecosystem services. These natural landscape elements are increasingly being divided into smaller, more fragmented spaces by anthropologically driven landscape changes. In order to safeguard biodiversity and other ecosystem services, these natural elements must be protected and enhanced sustainably. Previous conservation strategies have been unable to reverse the trend of decreasing biodiversity in the UK. Landscape scale conservation could provide a more integrated approach to conservation that is compatible with fragmented natural landscapes in urban regions. This thesis contains a critical discussion on the current implementation and future potential of landscape scale conservation strategies in and around the Merseyside conurbation, the Manchester conurbation and the Mersey Valley. Current landscape composition and recent landscape changes are explored through the analysis of land cover maps and literature. The content, interactions and articulations of international, national, regional and local policies are examined with the aid of the qualitative data analysis software NVivo® 7. The innovative creation of opportunity maps for biodiversity enhancement using a cost-distance analysis and focal statistics approach is then explored. Wildlife experts provided ecological data and feedback to support this process. Data suggest that recent landscape changes in the study region were due to urbanisation, natural succession, poor habitat management and ecological restoration. Analysis of nature conservation legislation and policy indicated that some elements of landscape scale conservation are more frequently referred to in regional and local policies rather than national and international policies. There is incomplete translation of nature conservation themes from higher to lower level legislation. Opportunity mapping successfully identified areas where conservation efforts could be focused, particularly for moderately mobile species. Landscape scale nature conservation efforts explored in this thesis provide a viable way of enhancing biodiversity within urban areas.
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Bamberger, Axel [Verfasser]. « Research into the early life history of Atlantic salmon with focus on practical implications for conservation and stock enhancement / Axel Bamberger ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/101981179X/34.
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Diringer, Benoit. « Application de biotechnologies moléculaires au contrôle de la production de l’arche noire (Anadara tuberculosa) à des fins de conservation et d’élevage ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP068.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’extraction de l’arche noire (AN) Anadara tuberculosa est une des activités de pêche artisanale ancestrales des mangroves de la côte ouest d’Amérique Latine et son commerce soutient l’économie de milliers de familles. La conservation de ce bivalve emblématique des mangroves est menacée par la surexploitation des populations naturelles. Les mesures classiques de préservation de l’espèce se sont révélées inefficaces pour enrayer le déclin des populations. Ce travail de thèse propose la production de naissains en conditions artificielles d’écloserie, au Pérou, à des fins de repeuplement à l’issue d’un processus de « domestication » de ce bivalve sauvage. Nous avons 1) analysé la structure génétique des populations d’AN Sud-américaines, 2) évalué l’effet de différentes salinités sur la réponse physiologique de l’AN, 3) établi une stratégie de production de naissains SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) à partir de reproducteurs caractérisés génétiquement et provenant du Sanctuaire National des Mangroves de Tumbes. Ce travail constitue un modèle pour les futures stratégies de production et de repeuplement des stocks d’autres espèces vulnérablesThe extraction of the Black Ark (BA) Anadara tuberculosa is one of the ancestral artisanal fishing activities of Latin America West Coast mangroves and its trade supports the economy of thousands of families. The conservation of this emblematic bivalve of mangroves is threatened by the overexploitation of natural populations. Conventional conservation measures have proved to be ineffective in halting the decline of populations. This thesis work proposes spats production in artificial conditions of hatchery, in Peru, in order to restock after a process of “domestication” of this wild bivalve. We have 1) analyzed the genetic structure of some South American BA populations, 2) evaluated the effect of different salinities on the physiological response of the BA, 3) produced in hatchery specific pathogen free (SPF) spats from geneticallycharacterized broodstocks of the National Sanctuary of Mangroves of Tumbes. This work is a model for future strategies for the production and restocking of stocks of other vulnerable species
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Kim, Grace Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « The work of art in the age of its technoscientific re-enhancement : recasting light, Colloids, and microbes for art and heritage conservation in U.S. and Italian laboratories ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122492.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-169).
This ethnography tracks a diverse set of scientific practices that have developed new technologies for the conservation of artworks and cultural heritage. I examine how scientists in physics, chemistry, and biology have intervened in the restoration of artifacts ranging from faded abstract expressionist paintings to the crumbling clay terraces of an archaeological site. Reporting on archival research, interviews, and participant-observation, I juxtapose three case studies in the U.S. and Italy-two in which physics (Cambridge, MA) and chemistry (Florence) are conscripted into the realm of high modem art, and another in which biological knowledge (Milan) informs the preservation of artistic tradition and craft heritage.
In analyzing interventions in digital projection technology (light), nanotechnology (colloids), and biotechnology (microbes), I argue that scientists today transform artifacts of culture into instances of technoscientific nature through what I call the "technoscientific re-enchantment of art." Aura, philosopher Walter Benjamin once wrote, is the ineffable and singular charisma that confirms an artwork as "the original." He added that technological reproducibility through film and photography strips art of its ritualistic authority, liberating it of the fetish of authenticity. To the contrary, I find, technology today is enlisted as a mode of authenticity's material production. Art's aura, in the age of technoscientific reenchantment, does not disappear but rather, is re-valued through analogy-analogies made through the discursive and material practices that liken light to paint, the colloidal substance of the human body to that of artworks, and microbes to patina.
Laboratory scientists, I show, are recasting the materials of art and heritage to make the terms of their recovery amenable to technoscientific mediation. In so doing, scientists contribute to enduring ethical debates within art history and heritage preservation-debates about how to interpret an artist's intent and an object's pristineness or historicity. Finally, I explore a fourth field site, the Vatican Museums, as a framing device for understanding the stakes in contemporary conservation practice. Drawing on the anthropology of art and heritage, science and technology studies, and art history, I explore the multiple, ever-changing claims of technoscientific expertise over matters of the materiality, aesthetics, and history of artifacts.
Grace Kim.
Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS)
Ph.D.inHistory,Anthropology,andScience,TechnologyandSociety(HASTS) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society
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Nguyen, Thi Huong Hué. « Habiter le patrimoine : la maison-jardin à Hue ». Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908822.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les monuments de Hué sont inscrits sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'humanité par l'UNESCO depuis 1993. Ils contribuent, par leur histoire même, au rachat d'une guerre qui a aussi été fratricide. La patrimonialisation des constructions impériales entrent dans une politique de construction de l'identité nationale par la culture et le lieu où l'unité vietnamienne s'est la première fois unifiée. La demande de l'organisation internationale qui porte désormais sur le " paysage culturel " suit la même orientation en valorisant ce qui devient une iconographie territoriale. L'extension du patrimoine au " paysage culturel " inclut nécessairement les " maisons-jardin " qui, outre les monuments impériaux, font la gloire d'une culture de Hué très subtile, à la fois élevée et modeste. La continuité de la nature à l'habitat est assurée par le jardin ordonné selon les règles de la géomancie. Mais les maisons-jardin ne sont plus, pour la majorité de leurs habitants, les résidences des mandarins, des artistes et des musiciens de cours. L'histoire est passée par là, provoquant une tension qui a pu être politique (idéologique), qui est sociale et économique assurément. Le discours traditionnaliste qui s'est réveillé autour de l'opération de patrimonialisation visant une " capitale féodale orientale " (ICOMOS, sic, n'est pas sans trouver contradiction dans la réalité contemporaine de l'habitat. Comment peut-on habiter le patrimoine et échapper à la seule vocation touristique qui conduit au musée ou au folklore. C'est à quoi cette thèse tente de répondre.
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Irvin, N. A. « Understorey management for the enhancement of populations of a leafroller (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) parasitoid (Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron)) in Canterbury, New Zealand apple orchards ». Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigated understorey management in Canterbury, New Zealand, apple orchards for the enhancement of populations of Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) (Braconidae) for leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) biological control. The first objective was to determine the influence of understorey plants on the abundance of D. tasmanica and leafroller parasitism, and to investigate the mechanisms behind this influence. The second was to determine the most suitable understorey plants in terms of their ability to enhance parasitoid abundance, leafroller parasitism, parasitoid longevity, parasitoid fecundity and its ability to not benefit leafroller. Results from three consecutive field trials showed that buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv), and, to a lesser extent, broad bean (Vicia faba L.), enhanced parasitoid abundance and leafroller parasitism. The mechanisms behind the effects of understorey plants had previously been unexplored. However, results here showed that it was the flowers or the buckwheat that 'attracted' the parasitoid to the plant and not the shelter, aphids or microclimate that the plant may also provide. Providing flowering plants in the orchard understorey also increased immigration of parasitoids and enhanced parasitoids and enhanced parasitoid longevity and fecundity in the laboratory. In contrast, the understorey plants had no influence on the female:male ratio of D. tasmanica. Although coriander enhanced leafroller parasitism three-fold in field experiments compared with controls, it failed to enhance the longevity of both sexes of D. tasmanica in the laboratory compared with water-only. Broad bean significantly enhanced parasitoid abundance three-fold and significantly increased parasitism from 0% to 75% compared with the controls on one leafroller release date. However, laboratory trials showed that of male D. tasmancia but it did not enhance female longevity. Also, female D. tasmanica foraging on broad bean produced a total of only three parasitoid cocoons, but this result was based on an overall 6.5% survival of larvae to pupae or to parasitoid cocoon. Furthermore, results suggested that extrafloral nectar secretion decreased as the plants matured. Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) did not significantly enhance parasitism rate in the field compared with controls, and numbers of D. tasmanica captured by suction sampling were significantly lower in phacelia treatments compared with alyssum, buckwheat and control plots. Also, laboratory experiments showed that survival of D. tasmanica on phacelia flowers was equivalent to that on water-only and significantly lower than on buckwheat. These results suggest that phacelia does not provide nectar to D. tasmanica, only pollen, and therefore is not a suitable understorey plant for D. tasmanica enhancement in orchards. Buckwheat and alyssum showed the most potential as understorey plants for the enhancement of natural enemies. Buckwheat not only increased numbers of D. tasmanica seven-fold, but also increased numbers of beneficial lacewings (Micromus tasmaniae (Walker)) and hover flies (Syrphidae) captured on yellow sticky traps compared with the controls. It significantly increased leafroller parasitism by D. tasmanica from 0% to 86% compared with the controls (on one date only), and in the laboratory enhanced D. tasmanica longevity and increased fecundity compared with water-only. Similarly, alyssum significantly increased parasitism rate compared with controls, and two-fold more D. tasmanica were suction sampled in these plots compared with controls. It also enhanced longevity of both sexes of D. tasmanica compared with water, and showed the most favourable characteristics in terms of being of no benefit to leafrollers. This is because it was not preferred over apple by leafroller larvae and when they were forced to feed on it, it caused high mortality (94.3%) and low pupal weight (15 mg). Furthermore, alyssum did not enhance the number of fertile eggs produced by adult leafrollers compared with water only. However, further research is required to address the overall effect of buckwheat and alyssum on crop production and orchard management, including effects on fruit yield and quality, frost risk, disease incidence, soil quality, weeds and other pests. Also, research into the ability of these plants to survive in the orchard with little maintenance, and into the optimal sowing rates, would be useful. Sampling natural populations of leafroller within each treatment showed that damage from leafrollers and the number of leafroller larvae were respectively 20.3% and 29.3% lower in the flowering treatments compared with the controls. Furthermore, field trials showed up to a six-fold increase in leafroller pupae in controls compared with buckwheat and alyssum. This suggests that increasing leafroller parasitism rate from understorey management in orchards will translate into lower pest populations, although neither larval numbers/damage nor pupal numbers differed significantly between treatments. Trapping D. tasmanica at a gradient of distances showed that this parasitoid travels into rows adjacent to buckwheat plots, indicating that growers may be able to sow flowering plants in every second or third row of the orchard, and still enhance leafroller biocontrol while minimising the adverse effects of a cover crop. Sowing buckwheat and alyssum in orchard understoreys may enhance biological control of apple pests in organic apple production and reduce the number of insect growth regulators applied in IFP programmes. However, the challenge still remains to investigate whether conservation biological control can reduce leafroller populations below economic thresholds.
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Light, Alison. « Forever England : femininity, literature, and conservatism between the wars / ». London ; New York : Routledge, 1991. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0648/91000587-d.html.
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Danna, Charlotte. « Le principe de solidarité écologique ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2070.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Adopté par l’article 2 de la loi n°2016-1087 de reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages du 8 aout 2016, le principe de solidarité écologique appelle « à prendre en compte, dans toute prise de décision publique ayant une incidence notable sur l’environnement des territoires concernés, les interactions des écosystèmes, des êtres vivants et des milieux naturels ou aménagés ». Ce principe général du droit de l’environnement inscrit à l’article L110-1 du code de l’environnement est destiné à conserver les interactions écosystémiques et les processus écologiques ainsi qu’à améliorer la gestion environnementale des territoires. La dualité de son objet en fait un principe d’une grande richesse, qui devrait concerner de nombreuses décisions. Divers fondements supranationaux, au sein de la jurisprudence et dans les textes internationaux et européens peuvent ainsi lui être attribués. Dans un contexte d’interdépendance écologique, l’évolution de la dimension internationale et européenne du principe reste essentielle pour juger de ses effets au regard de la conservation de la biodiversité. Au niveau du droit interne, son ancrage au cœur de l’équilibre de l’environnement lui apporte un rayonnement particulier. Il conforte le droit à un environnement équilibré et prolonge les principes constitutionnels de prévention et de développement durable. Face à la crise d’extinction mondiale de la biodiversité menaçant notre survie, le principe de solidarité écologique se présente comme cette ultime chance de la conserver. Deux grands ensembles de dispositifs permettent de mesurer la dynamique du principe de solidarité écologique : la trame verte et bleue et la gestion intégrée de la mer et du littoral. Ils constituent une base pour concevoir la solidarité écologique et représentent ainsi le commencement d’un droit nouveau. Le principe de solidarité écologique appelle à les renforcer et, de manière plus générale, à faire évoluer l’ensemble des décisions concernées par le principeAdopted by article 2 from act nr 2016-1087 concerning the reconquest of biodiversity, nature and landscape of August 8th 2016, the principle of ecological solidarity calls “for taking into consideration the interactions of ecosystems, living creatures and natural or developed environments in all public decisions having a notable impact on the environment of the territories concerned”.This general principle of environmental law inscribed in article L110 1 of the environmental code is designed to preserve the interactions of ecosystems and ecological processes as well as to improve the environmental management of the territories. The duality of its objective renders it a highly valuable principle which should be applied to numerous decisions. Various supranational foundations, within jurisprudence and in international and European laws, can thus be assigned to it. In the context of ecological interdependence the evolution of the international and European dimension of the principle remains essential in order to see the benefits concerning the safeguarding of biodiversity. It is greatly enhanced, as regards internal law, by the fact that it is at the very center of the environment's equilibrium. It justifies the right to a balanced environment and extends the constitutional principles of prevention and sustainable development. Confronted with the crisis of world-wide biodiversity extinction that threatens our survival, the principle of ecological solidarity emerges as the last chance to preserve it. Two major groups of systems allow us to measure the dynamics of the principle of ecological solidarity: the green and the blue line belt network and the Ocean and coastline Governance Framework. They constitute a basis on which to develop ecological solidarity and represent the beginnings of new legislation. The principle of ecological solidarity requires them to be reinforced and more generally to advance all decisions concerned by the principle
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Burright, Harmony S. J. « Beyond random acts of conservation : an institutional analysis of the Natural Resource Conservation Service's Agricultural Water Enhancement Program ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Irrigated agriculture accounts for 90 percent of consumptive use of freshwater in the
western US and is considered the largest contributor to nonpoint source water
pollution. The diffuse nature of most water quality and quantity challenges
necessitates institutions that can more effectively engage agricultural producers in
strategic, integrated, watershed-scale approaches to water management such as those
associated with Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). With
approximately 9,400 professionals working in nearly every one of the nation's 3,071
counties and an emphasis on voluntary, incentives-based approaches to conservation,
the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is well poised to influence land
and water management on private working lands. NRCS conservation programs,
however, have been criticized as "random acts of conservation" that lack a strategic
vision for addressing natural resource challenges at-scale. Using NRCS's new
Agricultural Water Enhancement Program (AWEP) as a case study, this paper seeks to
examine the factors that enable or inhibit NRCS from promoting an integrated
approach to water management consistent with IWRM principles.
Following the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework this paper
traces the development of AWEP and examines how the rules established at the
national level impact implementation at the national, state and local levels. The paper
then evaluates AWEP based on a set of six IWRM design principles to determine (a)
the extent to which AWEP represents an IWRM approach, and (b) the institutional
factors that facilitate or inhibit NRCS from taking a more integrated approach to water
management. I found that institutional factors vary greatly between levels of analysis
depending on the specific context, but did identify several consistent enablers and
barriers. The three most significant factors that facilitate an IWRM approach are: (1)
AWEP's focus on priority resource concerns within a defined hydrographic area; (2)
AWEP's emphasis on pursuing a partnership-based approach; and (3) increased local
involvement in defining projects. The three most significant factors that inhibit an
IWRM approach are: (1) a lack of clarity concerning partner roles and responsibilities
and constraints on partner involvement; (2) limited flexibility of existing program
rules; and (3) limited local capacity to engage with landowners and implement
projects. The paper offers institutional recommendations for facilitating an IWRM
approach within NRCS, and concludes with a consideration of the utility of IWRM
design principles and the IAD framework for analyzing water management
institutions.Graduation date: 2012
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Gupta, Ashima. « Scheduling for energy conservation and quality enhancement in multi-hop wireless networks ». Diss., 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1983665171&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Narimani, Kiarash. « Energy Conservation and Security Enhancement in Wireless End-to-end Secure Connections ». Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3286.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Wireless channels are vulnerable to interception. In some applications an end-to-end secure data transfer is required. However the use of cryptographic functions in communication over a wireless channel increases sensitivity to channel errors. As a result, the connection characteristics in terms of delay, throughput, and transmission energy worsen. Transmission energy is a key issue in some secure end-to-end wireless applications especially if they are running on mobile handheld devices with a limited source of energy such as batteries. That is why in most secure end-to-end wireless connections, the connection is dropped in poor channel conditions.
In this thesis, models are proposed by which the performance is improved and transmission energy is lowered. A combination of a cross-layer controller, K Best Likelihood (K-BL) channel decoder, and a keyed error detection algorithm in the novel model supports the authorized receivers by a higher throughput, lower delay mean, and less transmission energy in a certain range of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This is done at the expense of additional computation at the receiving end. Ttradeoffs are examined and the simulation results of the new model are compared with those of conventional wireless communication systems.
Another model is devised to mitigate the energy consumption of the Turbo Code channel decoder. The overall decoding energy consumption for each packet can be lowered by reducing the average number of iterations in the Turbo Code channel decoder.
The proposed models achieve better energy consumption by reducing the number of iterations in a channel decoder that uses the Turbo decoder and by reducing the number of retransmissions in a trellis channel decoder. Furthermore, the security enhancement of the novel models is assessed in terms of the extent to which the enhancement is fully achieved.
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« The Economic Impact of the Kentucky Green River Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) ». TopSCHOLAR, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/105.
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Zhao, April (Yang). « Efficiency Enhancement Techniques for Switched Mode Power Electronics ». Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29653.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the design of the state-of-the-art electronic products, power management circuits play a very important role for the enhancement of overall system efficiency. Switched mode DC-DC converter is an increasingly popular power management circuit due to its superior power conversion efficiency. This thesis introduces two efficiency optimization techniques for switched mode power electronic circuits. One is dead-time optimization. This technique can automatically adjust the dead-time on-the-fly according to the circuit operating conditions. Second, an energy conservation based high-efficiency dimmable multi-channel LED driver is discussed. An auxiliary power switched is use to allow free wheeling of the inductor current during the load disconnect period. The sequential burst mode PWM current sharing scheme with dimming capability can effectively reduce design complexity and cost. The proposed LED driver provides a practical solution for the realization of LED BLU in the flat panel TVs with local dimming capability according to the video content.
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Wentworth, Kevin Loyd. « Effects of local and landscape features on avian use and productivity on Pennsylvania Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program fields ». 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1589/index.html.
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MATARAZZO, ELISABETTA. « Antichi edifici, nuovi musei. Storia e attualità del dialogo tra Restauro, Riuso e Museografia ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1129175.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca si occupa delle trasformazioni degli edifici storici in spazi espositivi permanenti, quindi del dialogo che intercorre in queste operazioni tra restauro, riuso e museografia.
L'importanza di attribuire una funzione al costruito storico ne assicura una conservazione e una re-immissione nella realtà contemporanea; una valorizzazione che deve essere compatibile, ovvero che metta al primo posto la qualità materiale del bene, le sue caratteristiche fisiche, tipologiche e formali. E' in questo scenario che si colloca il riuso culturale attuale, che assegna al museo un ruolo fondamentale nella promozione dello sviluppo sostenibile, in quanto strumento di salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale materiale e immateriale, mobile e immobile. E allora questa ricerca parte da alcune necessarie premesse: analizzare come il tema del riuso museale si sia nutrito nel tempo delle elaborazioni teoriche dei tre termini, con la volontà di tratteggiare gli scenari attuali della tematica.
Nella prima parte vedremo quindi, in parallelo, come cresce la consapevolezza dell'importanza che un edificio ospiti una determinata funzione e della compatibilità degli interventi realizzati a questo proposito con la fabbrica storica.
Nella seconda parte si entra nella contemporaneità. La convergenza delle operazioni di conservazione e progetto del nuovo all'interno dello sviluppo teorico del restauro, nonché la necessità di una tutela attiva del patrimonio culturale che vede nell'istituzione museale un presidio territoriale, si raffronta con i profondi mutamenti che hanno investito l'istituzione museale negli ultimi anni. E quindi si sceglie di partire proprio da questi mutamenti per individuare tre aree tematiche - relative alla spazialità del museo, alle nuove funzioni e identità urbana e ai modi di costruire una narrazione interna - da riportare nello studio delle esperienze di riuso museale attuale, alcune delle più importanti realizzazioni europee dell'ultimo ventennio.
Le argomentazioni saranno sostenute, poi, dallo studio di due casi studio significativi, il Neues Museum di Berlino e il Museo della Montagna nel Forte di Bard, scelti per la componente critica, conservativa e creativa dei loro restauri e per la riconosciuta efficacia del loro programma museale.
Il quadro d'insieme che si tratteggia, a partire proprio dai cambiamenti delle tematiche individuate, permetterà alla fine di definire le tendenze progettuali in atto in questo fenomeno sempre più in ascesa e di tratteggiarne le linee di sviluppo.
-------- (english text) The research deals with the transformation of historical buildings into permanent exhibition spaces, and therefore deals with the dialogue that takes place in these operations between restoration, reuse and museography.
The importance of assigning a function to historical buildings ensures their conservation and re-entry into contemporary reality; an enhancement that must be compatible, that is giving priority to the material quality of the asset, its physical, typological and formal characteristics. The current cultural reuse is therefore placed in this scenario, which assigns the museum a fundamental role in the promotion of sustainable development, as a means of safeguarding the tangible and intangible cultural heritage. And so this research starts from some necessary premises: analyze how the theme of museum reuse has nourished over time the theoretical elaborations of the three terms, with the will to outline the current scenarios of the theme.
In the first part we will see therefore, in parallel, how the awareness of the importance that a building hosts a specific function grows and of the compatibility of the actions realized in this regard with the historical factory.
In the second part we enter the contemporaneity. The convergence of the conservation project and the design of new architecture within the theoretical development of the restoration, as well as the necessity of an active protection of the cultural heritage that sees in the museum institution a territorial garrison, is compared with the deep changes that have invested the museum institution in recent years. And so we choose to start from these changes to identify three thematic areas - related to the museum's spatiality, to new urban functions and identity and to ways of creating an internal narration - to be reported in the study of the experiences of current museum reuse, some of the most important European achievements of the last twenty years.
The arguments will be supported, then, by the study of two significant case studies, the Neues Museum in Berlin and the Mountain Museum in the Fort of Bard, chosen for the critical, conservative and creative component of their restoration project and for the recognized effectiveness of their museum programme.
The overall picture that is drawn, starting from the changes in the issues identified, will ultimately define the design trends in progress in this increasingly rising phenomenon and outline the lines of development.
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Mendes, João Emanuel Mateus. « Património Cultural, Divulgação e Públicos : Mosteiro de Santa Clara-a-Velha ». Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/36099.
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« Everyday morality and the status quo : Conservative concerns about moral purity, moral evaluations of everyday objects, and moral objections to performance enhancement ». YALE UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3362199.
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Αλεξάκη, Αρχοντία, et Μαγδαληνή Κυριάκου. « Ανάπλαση ενδιάμεσου χώρου μεταξύ της Άνω και Κάτω πόλης Πατρών : ανάδειξη και ενοποίηση μνημείων ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/8577.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή έχει ως στόχο τη διερεύνηση ζητημάτων διατήρησης και ανάδειξης πολιτιστικών αγαθών, καθώς και το θέμα της ένταξής τους στον σύγχρονο τρόπο ζωής. Έτσι, διαρθρώνεται σε τρία μέρη. Το πρώτο αφορά στο θεσμικό πλαίσιο, κάτω από το οποίο λαμβάνουν χώρα οι όποιες προσπάθειες στο ζήτημα της διαφύλαξης, αλλά και σε θεωρητικές ή τεχνικές προσεγγίσεις και παράγοντες που σχετίζονται με την ανάδειξη. Το δεύτερο μέρος εκθέτει την πολεοδομική και ιστορική εξέλιξη του χώρου της Πάτρας, εντοπίζοντας την περισσότερο πάσχουσα και υποβαθμισμένη περιοχή στο κέντρο της πόλης, τον ενδιάμεσο χώρο της Άνω και της Κάτω πόλης, ενώ στο τρίτο μέρος γίνεται προσπάθεια υλοποίησης σε μορφή σχεδιαστικών προτάσεων, στην συγκεκριμένη περιοχή, όλων εκείνων των πορισμάτων που διεξήχθησαν από το πρώτο μέρος.The present postgraduate thesis aims at the investigation of maintenance and distinction of cultural goods, as well as the subject of integration in the modern way of life. Thus, it is structured in three parts. First part concerns in the institutional frame, which has to do with the subjects of safeguarding, but also in theoretical or technical approaches and factors that are related with the distinction. In the second part is exposed the urban and historical development of Patras. It is also located the region in the centre of city which suffers and is downgraded the most, and for this thesis will be called as the intermediary space of Upper and Down city of Patras, while in the third part takes place an effort of effectuation of a scheme, considered all the conclusions that were carried out by the first part, by design proposals, for the particular region.