Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Conflitto interetnico »

Muovendo dall’esperienza musicale della harga mediterranea, l’articolo descrive il laboratorio Canzoni / Corpi in Movimento, tenuto dalla Scuola di Italiano per Stranieri dell’Università di Palermo durante la pandemia di Covid-19. I partecipanti usano canzoni e plurilinguismo come luogo di aggregazione e riflessione politica (§ 2) e Facebook per costruire nuovi immaginari migratori (§ 3); si definiscono unici e plurali e si riappropriano della narrazione della migrazione nell’ascolto attivo dei docenti (§ 4); riconoscono le canzoni come mezzo per esprimere identità collettive e resistere al neocolonialismo (§ 5), superare conflitti interetnici e celebrare il multilinguismo (§ 6), costruire ponti tra le due sponde del Mediterraneo (§ 7). Le conclusioni (§ 8) escludono facili soluzioni alla narrazione decomplessificata della migrazione e auspicano l’ascolto delle istanze dei migranti nella società italiana nonché un passaggio di testimone ai nuovi arrivati. Songs / bodies in motion: an ItaStra workshop for pandemic times Drawing from the musical experience of Mediterranean harga, this paper describes the workshop Canzoni / Corpi in Movimento, held by the Italian Language School for Foreigners at the University of Palermo. The participants use songs and multilingualism as a space of aggregation and political reflection (§ 2) and Facebook to shape new migratory narratives (§ 3); they define themselves as one plural body and reappropriate the narrative of migration in the active listening of their teachers (§ 4); they acknowledge songs as a tool to express collective identities and resist neocolonialism (§ 5), overcome interethnic conflicts and celebrate multilingualism (§ 6), build bridges across the Mediterranean Sea (§ 7). The conclusions (§ 8) exclude easy solutions to the decomplexified narration of migration and hope for the active listening of migrants’ petitions within Italian society as well as for the torch of narration to be passed on to newly arrived migrants.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação sobre as Américas, 2010.
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Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise da textualização discursiva do conflito socioambiental, interétnico e multicultural em torno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Estreito, localizada no Rio Tocantins, a partir de sua dinâmica de internalização administrativa pelo Estado. A origem do conflito se situa, em nosso olhar, na dialética da dupla face do Estado: agente de desenvolvimento por meio dos projetos econômicos e protetor da natureza e das populações vulneráveis. Analisam-se as formas de administração e as respostas ao conflito fornecidas pelos campos burocráticos da administração estatal, do setor privado e das ONGs, com apoio na análise de discurso crítica de Fairclough. A pesquisa examina o aspecto semântico da noção de impacto, com inclusão da visão do mundo indígena, e seus “impactos” para o processo de licenciamento. Questiona-se, num contexto de economia escriturística e de legitimação pelo procedimento, as possibilidades e estratégias das coletividades afetadas e seus aliados de influenciar, mediante a dimensão textual, um processo que transforma seu referencial socioeconômico e cultural. Finalmente, comenta-se o desfecho provável dessa estruturação administrativa do conflito, examinando-se o saldo para as partes envolvidas e a situação de mudança social dirigida que o processo de licenciamento introduz na vida das populações “atingidas”.

This thesis concerns the differences in how ethinic groups co-exist in two different environments in the same country, with a focus on the ethno-political. My research questions are: Why are ethnic or interpersonal relations characterized differently in different regions? How and why do conflicts or agreements arise in specific environments? The aim is to understand the connection between inter-ethnic relations and environmentally specific factors. I am concerned with those mechanisms and processes which determine the type of ethnic relation – as conflict or mutual understanding - in specific environments. The thesis uses case studies of two contrasting multiethnic cities with different interethnic relations – Erbil and Kirkuk in Kurdistan/Iraq. My explanatory model consists of four main factors: I) historical factors in terms of critical events; II) institutional factors such as institutional efficiency and security; III) structural factors such as group size, territorial base and different tolerance systems; and IV) social relational factors such as the significance of inter-ethnic contacts and social capital. The empirical work demonstrates that the relations between the above mentioned factors in the respective environments determine the outcome of the inter-ethnic relations. The results show that one factor can be more important than another factor, but how the factors impact upon one another and under what circumstances is of significance. The presentation of environmentally specific differences shows that ethnic groups do not have static boundaries and are not necessarily hostile to one another. Conflict is not the given form of relationship between ethnic groups. That is, the result can be read as a critique of those who necessarily see potential conflicts between groups with cultural differences and those who essentialize cultural groups. In this context one can see a chain of interrelated factors; the relevance of which is dependent on the specific situation. Some of the negative factors that can increase the possibility of conflict and decrease the possibility for peaceful co-existence include: Instability in the political climate; insecurity; institutional ineffectiveness; segregation; undefined relations of power; and an ethnic composition maintaining the balance of power. If these factors combined result in a high level of complexity, which makes ethnicity stand out in terms of ethnic competition, the likelihood of ethnic conflict is significant.