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Articles de revues sur le sujet "CONFLITTI URBANI"
1
Allegra, Marco, et Anna Casaglia. « La dimensione urbana del conflitto : cittŕ divise, contese, segregate ». STORIA URBANA, no 128 (février 2011) : 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2010-128002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Negli ultimi vent'anni č cresciuto l'interesse del mondo accademico per la dimensione urbana dei conflitti. L'idea di "cittŕ divisa" č stata usata per descrivere una varietŕ di conflitti politici, economici e sociali in diverse cittŕ del mondo, spesso in chiave comparativa. L'insistenza su questo concetto č un segnale, da un lato, della sempre maggiore importanza attribuita da accademici eall'osservazione delle tendenze e ai fenomeni collegati al mondo urbano. Dall'altro, l'enfasi sul concetto di cittŕ divisa nasconde una grande varietŕ di definizioni, approcci, metodologie relative allo studio dei conflitti urbani. Questo articolo cerca di presentare una sintetica rassegna della letteratura di riferimento proponendo una tassonomia del conflitto urbano basata sui tre idealtipi di cittŕ divisa, contesa e segregata.
2
Melotti, Umberto. « Immigrazione e conflitti urbani in Europa ». Quaderni di Sociologia, no 43 (1 avril 2007) : 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/qds.957.
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Vitale, Tommaso. « Conflitti urbani nei percorsi di cittadinanza degli immigrati. Una introduzione ». PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no 3 (mars 2013) : 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2012-003001.
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Immigration is a main political topic. In Western Europe social conflicts, party systems and political parties have been restructured around an emerging cleavage between integration and demarcation. At the urban level, conflict among immigrant groups and native ones and contention between immigrants and the local authorities are major political dynamics. Main literature has explained why do we observe clashes between immigrants and natives in some locations, but not in others; and what accounts for change in immigrant conflict within locales over time. Not a lot has been written about the outcomes of these conflicts and their impact on citizenship. An emerging literature is measuring important effects in terms of political inclusion, but other effects on civic and social citizenships remain partially unexplored. Empirical researches collected for this special issue stress the dimension of agency of immigrant contentious politics, and show the heuristic value of new approaches in the theory of action, taking into account recognition as well as institutional and normative constraints.
4
Manella, Gabriele, Emanuele Giordano, Tommaso Rimondi et Dominique Crozat. « Tra consumo e rischio : l'ambivalenza della vita di notte tra gli studenti di Montpellier e di Bologna ». SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no 126 (janvier 2022) : 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2021-126006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La notte è passata dall'essere una dimensione "residuale" della giornata ad un importante segmento della socialità e dell'economia di molte città, diventando anche una "fucina" di nuove pratiche di consumo e di fruizione degli spazi urbani. Non mancano però contrasti e conflitti: tra le varie popolazioni che fruiscono degli stessi spazi, ma anche tra la diffusione di alcune pratiche e le politiche dell'ammi¬nistrazione locale che tentano di regolarle. Questo articolo si propone di approfondire gli usi dello spazio pubblico da parte degli studenti a Bologna e Montpellier, evidenziando le pratiche sociali e di consumo messe in atto durante la notte.
5
Frassoldati, Francesca, et Matteo Robiglio. « Regolare la città per la sua trasformazione. Spunti da un dialogo con la Città di Torino ». TERRITORIO, no 98 (mars 2022) : 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2021-098003.
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In Italia, è da tempo una consuetudine trans-disciplinare criticare la burocrazia che regola le operazioni sulla città. Eppure la norma di oggi è il prodotto - codificato e temporaneamente fissato - di una lenta costruzione sociale e tecnico-amministrativa. L'articolo si interroga su come sia possibile incorporare e generalizzare, da parte della pubblica amministrazione, le esperienze regolative maturate nei conflitti e nelle contraddizioni di società e mercati in trasformazione strutturale. Tre sezioni fanno luce sulla rilevanza della stratificazione delle stagioni storiche dei codici urbani, delle relazioni fra gli elementi della città nella predisposizione di nuovi quadri di riferimento, e delle ragioni per riconsiderare, nella città del riuso, le condizioni operative dei codici stessi.
6
Legros, Olivier. « Conflitti urbani ed empowerment dei migranti e dei poveri urbani : i rom jugoslavi di Tours e gli abitanti dei quartieri non regolamentari di Dakar e Tunisi ». PARTECIPAZIONE E CONFLITTO, no 3 (mars 2013) : 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/paco2012-003003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
What is the contribution of urban conflicts to the migrants and poor city dwellers empowerment? The paper is based on the observation of three contentious situations - fighting against the eviction of a little slum settled by Roma migrants from the Ex-Yougoslavia in Tours (France), complaining for land facilities and other collective goods in the informal areas of Dakar and Tunis. Urban conflicts mainly contribute to social regulation. Nevertheless, by incitating the public authorities to provide facilities (Dakar, Tunis) or temporary hosting systems (Tours) these mobilizations produced positive effects on capacity building and political participation of migrants and poor city dwellers. These resources, which have a strong spatial dimension, can be converted to symbolical capital. In addition to that, the land facilities can reinforce the economical capital of the deprived populations (or, better, of a part of them).
7
Mantovan, Claudia. « Antiziganismo e conflitti urbani. Punti di forza e ambivalenze di un intervento di superamento dei "campi nomadi" ». SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO, no 1 (juillet 2016) : 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sd2016-001003.
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Scamardě, Giuseppina. « Per mare e per terra. L'immagine del mediterraneo nei primi anni del xvii secolo, tra i disegni e i racconti di una cronaca manoscritta ». STORIA URBANA, no 135 (février 2013) : 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2012-135001.
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Un'inedita cronaca manoscritta tratta degli eventi vissuti e delle terre visitate o soltanto osservate nel corso di quindici navigazioni compiute dal suo autore, imbarcato su una delle galere dell'Ordine mediceo di Santo Stefano negli anni tra 1602-1616, all'interno dell'intero bacino del Mediterraneo. Le descrizioni, che non si limitano ai soli caratteri fisici, ma sono arricchite da note su struttura sociale, usanze e tradizioni, economia locale e principali risorse produttive, sono arricchite da circa 200 disegni. L'assoluta autonomia dell'autore, che scrive per se stesso e non per un committente da compiacere, induce a considerare le informazioni fornite come oggettive. Ciň consente di ricostruire l'immagine precisa e realistica di terre e popoli mediterranei, all'interno di un importante momento storico: l'etŕ delle guerre dei corsari e dei conflitti tra le principali potenze, impegnate a contendersi il predominio sul Mediterraneo e sull'Occidente (Francia, Spagna, Impero Ottomano), e gli Stati loro alleati. Particolarmente significativa, a tal proposito, č la descrizione dei territori ellenici, presenza importante a\ll'interno del manoscritto e in cui la cristianitŕ convive in maniera piů o meno pacifica con il nemico ottomano. Č uno scenario estremamente variegato, di cui l'autore mette in risalto le peculiaritŕ e le "stranezze" sia per quanto riguarda i sistemi urbani o comunque antropizzati, sia, soprattutto per ciň che riguarda gli aspetti antropologici e sociali, lontani dalla cultura e dalle tradizioni dell'autore.
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Costa, Heloisa Soares de Moura. « Desenvolvimento urbano sustentável : uma contradição de termos ? » Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no 2 (31 mars 2000) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2000n2p55.
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Poucos conceitos têm sido tão amplamente utilizados como o de desenvolvimento sustentável, num aparente consenso revelador mais de imprecisão do que de clareza em torno de seu significado. Com base em uma revisão de abordagens recentes, argumenta-se que a noção de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável traz consigo conflitos teóricos de difícil, porém não impossível, reconciliação: a) entre as trajetórias da análise ambiental e da análise urbana que, originando-se em áreas do conhecimento diferentes, confluíram na proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) entre formulações teóricas e propostas de intervenção, traduzindo-se no distanciamento entre análise social/urbana crítica e planejamento urbano. São examinadas propostas de planejamento que adotam o discurso e/ou pressupostos de sustentabilidade urbana, discutindo exemplos da literatura internacional — as cidades compactas européias, o movimento californiano por cidades sustentáveis — e, no caso brasileiro, a experiência recente de planejamento urbano em Belo Horizonte.Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; desenvolvimento sustentável; meio ambiente; política urbana. Abstract: Few concepts have been so widely adopted as sustainable urban development, an apparent consensus revealing more imprecision than coherence of meaning. The paper discusses some aspects of such theoretical and conceptual fragility as a contribution to building an alternative for the future. The concept is considered to have been worn out by excessive fashionable repetition. The paper argues, however, based on a review of recent approaches ranging from political economy to the contributions of political ecology and post-structuralism, that the concept of sustainable urban development embodies conflicts that are difficult but not impossible to solve: a) the conflict between the different origins of and paths followed by environmental analysis and urban analysis, both converging on the proposition of sustainable development; b) the conflict between theory and practice represented by the growing distance between critical social/urban analysis and urban planning. Finally, some planning proposals are examined as examples of adoption of the discourse and assumptions of sustainable development. They are the European compact city proposal; the Californian sustainable cities movement; and, in the Brazilian case, the recent urban planning experience in Belo Horizonte.Keywords: urban planning; sustainable development; environment; urban policy.
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Resende, Pedro Henrique de Mendonça. « CRISE, RENTISMO E OS LIMITES PARA O DIREITO À CIDADE HOJE NO BRASIL ». GEOgraphia 20, no 42 (23 mai 2018) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia.v20i42.1045.
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Resumo: As três primeiras partes deste artigo apresentam três elementos que perpassam a sociedade brasileira contemporânea: os limites irreversíveis alcançados pela reprodução social do capital, as formas rentistas de acumulação capitalista da riqueza social e os obstáculos à realização do direito à cidade. Na quarta parte deste artigo os três elementos anteriormente apresentados são brevemente articulados por meio de apontamentos acerca de fenômenos e processos relacionados aos conflitos presentes na região das ocupações da Izidora, localizada na periferia norte da metrópole de Belo Horizonte.Palavras-chave: Crise de reprodução do capital. Rentismo. Direito à cidade. Conflito fundiário urbano. Ocupações da Izidora (Belo Horizonte/MG). CRISIS, RENTISM AND THE LIMITS TO THE RIGHT TO THE CITY TODAY IN BRAZILAbstract: The first three parts of this article present three elements that permeate contemporary Brazilian society: the irreversible limits currently achieved by the social reproduction of capital; the rentier forms of accumulation of capitalist social wealth; and the obstacles to the realization of the right to the city. In the fourth part of this article the three elements previously presented are briefly articulated by means of notes about phenomena and processes related to the conflicts in the region of occupations Izidora, located on the northern periphery of the metropolis of Belo Horizonte.Keywords: Crisis of capital reproduction. Rentierism. The right to the city. Urban land conflict. Region of occupations Izidora (Belo Horizonte/MG). CRISE, RENTISME ET LES LIMITES DU DROIT À LA VILLE AUJOURD’HUI AU BRÉSILRésumé: Les trois premières parties de cet article présentent trois éléments qui imprègnent la société brésilienne contemporaine: les limites irréversibles actuellement atteintes par la reproduction sociale du capital; les formes rentières de l’accumulation de la richesse sociale capitaliste; et les obstacles à la réalisation du droit à la ville. Dans la quatrième partie de cet article, les trois éléments précédemment présentés sont brièvement articulés à travers des notes sur les phénomènes et les processus liés aux conflits dans la région des occupations Izidora, situé à la périphérie nord de la métropole de Belo Horizonte.Mots-clés: Crise de la reproduction du capital. Rentisme. Le droit à la ville. Conflit foncier urbain. Région d’occupation Izidora (Belo Horizonte/MG).
Thèses sur le sujet "CONFLITTI URBANI"
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Soares, Jacqueline Alves. « O ambiente da periferia : conflitos sociais e riscos nas políticas urbanas em Fortaleza-Ceará ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16287.
Texte intégralRésumé :
SOARES, Jacqueline Alves. O ambiente da periferia: conflitos sociais e riscos nas políticas urbanas em Fortaleza-Ceará, 2011. 222 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós –Graduação, PRODEMA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2011.Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T17:31:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jasoares.pdf: 2484524 bytes, checksum: 7028eb314239cc12e206640af23e1af0 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T13:32:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jasoares.pdf: 2484524 bytes, checksum: 7028eb314239cc12e206640af23e1af0 (MD5)
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The research seeks to understand the relationship between housing and the environment by analyzing the conflicts involving municipal urban project to eliminate risk areas. The challenge that arises is to observe whether such risk prevention policies and environmental disasters in urban areas have been changing the forms (or ways) of space production towards greater environmental justice. It starts from the assumption that the measures presented for hazardous areas of residents by not attacking the source of generating problems of environmental inequality, present ineffective and poor solutions keeping the imprisoned population to the circuit of risk, and present while legitimizing discourse of gentrification of the area. The residents, in turn, develop strategies of resistance through new allocations of meaning of "risks" as a discursive strategy of power. Such analysis is done empirically from case study involving the Municipal Program of Urban Requalification and Social Inclusion - PREURBIS in hazardous areas at a place called Boa Vista, located in the middle course of Rio Coco, Fortaleza-Ce. The area where the population is being allocated also presents risks due to the new dwelling location being situated in the surroundings of the landfill ‘Jangurussu’. From the material point of view these "struggles for ratings" articulate and redefine material disputes between the defense of living of this low-income population in an area well located and well served by public facilities and urban interventions that have valued the space in the capitalist logic, inducing the replacement of the former inhabitants by other higher-income inhabitants and retention of urban land for speculative purposes. We adopted a qualitative methodology with literature review, document research, participant observation and interviews.
A pesquisa busca compreender a relação entre moradia e meio ambiente através da análise dos conflitos envolvendo projeto urbanístico municipal para erradicação de áreas de risco. O desafio que a pesquisa se coloca é observar se tais políticas de prevenção riscos e desastres ambientais no meio urbano têm alterado as formas de produção do espaço rumo a uma maior justiça ambiental. Parte-se do pressuposto que as medidas apresentadas para moradores de áreas de risco, por não atacarem a origem dos problemas geradores de desigualdade ambiental, apresentam soluções ineficazes e precárias mantendo a população aprisionada ao circuito dos riscos, além de se apresentar enquanto discurso legitimador da gentrificação do espaço. Os moradores, por seu vez, elaboram estratégias argumentativas no sentido de garantirem seus direitos por meio de novas atribuições de significado dos “riscos” enquanto estratégia discursiva de poder. Tal análise é feita empiricamente a partir de estudo de caso envolvendo o Programa Municipal de Requalificação Urbana e Inclusão Social – PREURBIS em áreas de risco no lugar chamado Boa Vista, localizadas no médio curso do Rio Cocó, Fortaleza-Ce. A área em que a população está sendo alocada apresenta também riscos devido a localização da nova moradia estar situada no entorno do lixão do Jangurussu. Do ponto de vista material essas “lutas por classificações” se articulam e redefinem disputas materiais entre a defesa do morar dessa população de baixa renda numa área bem localizada e bem servida de equipamentos públicos e intervenções urbanas que tem valorizado o espaço na lógica capitalista, induzindo a substituição dos antigos habitantes por outros de renda mais elevada e a retenção da terra urbana com fim especulativo. Adotou-se metodologia qualitativa com revisão de literatura, pesquisa documental, observação participante e realização de entrevistas.
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González, Márquez Miguel. « TRANSFORMACIONES URBANAS EN CIUDADES COSTERAS E INTERMEDIAS EN EL CONTEXTO MEDITERRÁNEO-SUR-ATLÁNTICO ESPAÑOL ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/348559.
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Aquesta tesi és un treball d'etnografia translocal on es relacionen dos nuclis urbans i els seus entorns regionals:
Tarragona-Camp de Tarragona y El Puerto de Santa María-Bahía de Cádiz. S'atén principalment a los
transformaciones espacials i funcionals de la ciutat per comprendre qui, com i para qui es transforma la ciutat. S'atén
tant als sectors tècnics i polítics com al paper de la societat civil.
Encara que `'utilitzen conceptes vinculats a la geografia o a la politologia, la seva base és etnogràfica i antropològica,
doncs ens basem en l'observació participant i l'entrevista per extreure conclusions comunes sobre les dinàmiques
sociales més esteses quant a la transformació de la ciutat com a producte i productor humà.
Aquest traball, que analitza el període dels últims cinquanta anys, presta especial atenció a la repercussió de làuge i
la caiguda del sector immobiliari, que és un condicionant fonamental en sentit material i discursiu. Ho fa amb una
anàlisi detallada de les seves waterfronts i els seus barris portuaris, que són un element fonamental de cara als plans
de futur dels nuclis urbans que els posseeixen.Esta tesis es un trabajo de etnografía translocal donde se relacionan dos núcleos urbanos y sus entornos regionales, Tarragona-Camp de Tarragona y El Puerto de Santa María-Bahía de Cádiz. Se atiende sobre todo a las transformaciones espaciales y funcionales de la ciudad para comprender quiénes, cómo y para quienes se transforma la ciudad. Se atiende tanto a los sectores técnicos y políticos como al papel de la sociedad civil. Aunque se utilizan conceptos vinculados a la geografía o la politología, su base es etnográfica y antropológica, pues nos basamos en la observación participante y las entrevistas para extraer conclusiones sobre las dinámicas sociales más extendidas en cuanto a la transformación de la ciudad como producto y productor humano. Este trabajo, que analiza el periodo de los últimos cincuenta años, presta especial atención a la repercusión del auge y caía del sector inmobiliario, que es un condicionante fundamental en sentido material y discursivo. Lo hace con un análisis pormenorizado de sus waterfronts, que son un elemento fundamental de cara a los planes de futuro de los núcleos urbanos que los poseen.
This thesis is a work of translocal ethnography which relate two towns and their territorial context: Tarragona-Camp de Tarragona and El Puerto de Santa María-Bay of Cádiz. It primarily serves the space and funtional transformation of the city to understand who, how and forr whom the city is transformed. We consulted both thechnical and political sectors and the role of civil society. Although concepts related to geography or political science are used, the base is ethnographic and anthropological, as we rely on participant observation and interviews to get common conclusions on the most common social dynamics about the transformation of the city as a product and human producer. This work, which analyzes the period of the last fifty years, pays special attention to the crack of the construction business. That is a materials and discursive conditioning. It does so with a detailed analysis of their waterfronts and port districts, which are a very important element to face the future of the cities thaht own them.
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Santos, Renato Abramowicz. « Cartografias políticas de uma ocupação - cotidiano, território e conflito ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-23072018-175417/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta pesquisa busca analisar as ocupações de imóveis no centro de São Paulo, tomando como campo empírico para investigação a ocupação Mauá, localizada na rua de mesmo nome, em frente à Estação da Luz, na região da Luz. A pesquisa pretendeu compreender as ocupações a partir de dimensões urbanas e políticas nelas envolvidas e por elas produzidas, em um plano de referência mais amplo no qual estão inseridas: a cidade. Esta pesquisa pretende avançar essa investigação encarando a ocupação não apenas como cenário dos acontecimentos, mas como espaço de integração e produção de relações, dinâmicas e arranjos, políticos e urbanos, ao redor do qual uma série de outros atores, coletivos e circuitos se atravessam, se sobrepõem e se transformam. A ocupação se integra e é afetada pela cidade, do mesmo modo que aquilo que se articula a partir dela também se projeta e se conecta com outras territorialidades, agentes e acontecimentos que constituem esse plano mais amplo e comum em que estão inseridos. Para dar conta de acompanhar e descrever essas escalas variadas de dimensões, realizou-se, nesta pesquisa, uma etnografia desenvolvida a partir da ocupação. As trajetórias sociais, mobilidades e percursos urbanos, circuitos de trabalho e sociabilidade construídos pelos ocupantes são também aspectos fundamentais na construção de cartografias urbanas e políticas que esta pesquisa buscou também reconstituir. A partir da ocupação, compreendida como ponto de onde partem e convergem diversas linhas que compõem uma trama de atores, percursos, eventos e práticas, em escalas variadas, buscou-se observar ainda as diferentes dinâmicas conflitivas que emergem desse campo gravitacional que ela representa, inserida, ela também, em uma região saturada de linhas de força e de conflito que é a da região da Luz.This work aims at analyzing the process of building occupation in São Paulo, which was substantially expanded during the second half of 1990s. By analyzing « Ocupação Mauá», took as the field of this empirical research, this work aims at understanding the different urban e political dimensions of the squat buildings in São Paulo, which are related to the historical issue of popular housing policy in the city. The squat buildings by housing social movements follow this long lineage; however, there are new forms and dynamics of production of the urban space that need to be set out. On the one hand, this work takes the city as reference plane and as part of a bigger urban mesh, in relation to other events, movements and actors that dispute over other forms of ownership and management of the city, seen here as a conflict space. On the other hand, this research aims at understanding the dimension of the conflict in the production of urban spaces. The conflicted relations with the State and its operators mark the daily life of a squat building, its interactions and local agencies. By this occurs the creation of a gravitational field in which are added a big amount of different movements (political, juridical, cultural). Thus, the occupations not only are transformed into places of experimentation and creation, but also into places of dispute for the production of space. Center and connector of different subjects, movements and experience, an squat building is crossed by these lines and paths, transversally, in its territoriality. These fragments and clues will be gathered by an ethnographic research and the reconstitution of the occupants\' trajectory.
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Schar, Adèle. « Réconcilier Belfast : politiques urbaines post-conflictuelles et urbanité en Irlande du Nord ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100138/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette recherche questionne le rôle des politiques urbaines dans la gestion des conflits. Belfast est une ville au passé industriel : comme dans d’autres métropoles européennes, les espaces dévitalisés sont reconvertis. Or, l’espace urbain reste fortement marqué par un conflit communautaire territorialisé entre catholiques et protestants. Les élus nord-irlandais et les aménageurs proposent donc des solutions urbanistiques pour normaliser Belfast, dans une optique post-industrielle mais également post-conflictuelle. Les espaces vacants permettent à la fois la mise en place de grands projets de régénération urbaine tout en encourageant la promotion d’espaces neutres qui échappent à l’appropriation communautaire. Il convient donc d’interroger la capacité de l’espace urbain à créer du lien social afin de promouvoir une urbanité fédératrice au sein d’une ville diviséeThis research interrogates the role of urban policies in conflicts management. Belfast has an industrial past : as in other European cities, derelict spaces are being regenerated. Yet, the territorialised conflict between Catholic and Protestant communities continues to strongly mark the urban space. The Northern-Irish leaders and urban planners then offer urbanistic solutions to normalise Belfast, in both a post-industrial and a post-conflict way. Vacant spaces allow large scale regeneration projects as far as the promotion of neutral spaces, which are not subject to community appropriation. It is thus needed to question the ability of urban spaces to create social link in order to promote a unifying urbanity in a divided city
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Torres, Bujalance Joan Manel. « Ciutat i conflicte en un canvi d’època. Escenaris per a la millora convivencial a l’Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664804.
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Tesi presentada al Doctorat de Educació, Societat i Qualitat de Vida de la Universitat de Lleida per en
JoanMa Torres. Dirigida pel Doctor Fidel Molina. Aquesta tesi presenta noves perspectives en la conceptualització de la convivència urbana obrint nous escenaris per a la configuració de les polítiques públiques de metropolitanes. La principal idea centra la conceptualització de la convivència i els indicadors claus en aquesta. Els resultats evidencien factors higiènics i motivants en la convivència urbana així com nexes causals en els conflictes comunitaris. La producció de la
recerca genera una piràmide convivencial i un baròmetre de la convivència per tal de poder mesurar i
millorar la gestió de la complexitat urbana per part dels actors urbans.Tesis presentada en el Doctorado de Educación, Societat y Calidad de la Vida de la Universidad de Lleida por JoanMa Torres. Dirigida por el Doctor Fidel Molina Luque. Esta tesis presnta nuevas perspectivas en la conceptualización de la convivéncia urbana abriendo nuevos escenarios para la configuración de las políticas públicas metropolitanas. La principal idea centra la conceptualización de la convivéncia y los indicadores claves en ésta. Los resultatos evidencian factores higiénicos y motivantes en la convivéncia urbana así como nexos causales en los conflictos comunitarios. La producción de la investigación genera una pirámide convivencial y un barómetro de la convivéncia por tal de poder medir y mejorar la gestión de la complejidad urbana por parte de los actores urbanos.
Thesis presented on the Doctorate in Education, Society and Quality of Life of the University of Lleida by JoanMa Torres. Supervised by Doctor Fidel Molina. This thesis presents new perspectives in the conceptualisation of urban coexistence, opening up new scenarios for the configuration of public metropolitan policies. The main idea focuses on the conceptualisation of coexistence and the key indicators here. The results show hygienic and motivating factors in urban coexistence and causal links in community conflicts. Production of the research creates a coexistence pyramid and a coexistence barometer to be able to measure and improve the management of urban complexity by the urban actors.
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Montagne, Clémence. « Développement urbain et planification urbaine à Abu Dhabi et à Dubaï. Politiques, acteurs et mobilité ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040152.
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Cette thèse a pour projet de poser les premiers jalons d’une recherche sur les transports publics dans deux des villes du Golfe arabo-persique, Abu Dhabi et Dubaï. Toutes deux doivent faire face à de nouveaux défis pour pérenniser le développement de leurs territoires urbains. Elles souhaitent en effet conserver leur statut de tête de pont dans l’innovation urbaine au Moyen-Orient. Elles se sont ainsi engagées dans des plans de diversification de leur économie urbaine et de développement durable (Dubaï the Smartest City, Masdar City). Au cours de cette recherche, nous analysons les nouvelles orientations de leurs politiques de planification, prises dans le but d’adapter leurs territoires urbains aux nouvelles mobilités. Elles ont connu une croissance particulièrement rapide à partir de la fin des années 1990, qui est devenue plus que signifiante à l’échelle globale depuis le milieu des années 2000. Parallèlement, et presque consécutivement elles ont mis en place une série de plans de modernisation de leurs réseaux de transports publics à Dubaï d’abord (Dubaï Tram, Dubaï Bus, Dubaï Métro) puis à Abu Dhabi (DoT Bus). Ces nouveaux développements des infrastructures de transports publics ont conduit à une remise en question du mode de fabrication de la ville au niveau des politiques d’aménagement. Comment Abu Dhabi et Dubaï se sont-elles adaptées à la mise en place des nouvelles infrastructures ? Quels en ont été les conséquences ? C’est à toutes ces réponses que se propose de répondre la thèse qui analyse les nouvelles politiques urbaines, les projets immobiliers et les logiques des acteurs impliqués dans le développement urbain des deux capitales émiriennes. Ce travail s'appuie sur un nombre d’enquêtes de terrain très important de façon à comprendre comment sont utilisés ces nouveaux réseaux et quelles sont aujourd’hui les conditions spécifiques de la mobilité des habitants de Dubaï et d’Abu DhabiThis dissertation aims at setting the first bases for a research on public transport in the Arab Gulf. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are two cities facing new challenges to sustain their urban developments, wishing to stay at the cutting edge of the race for the urban innovation in the Middle East. Both are engaged in diversification plans of their urban economy to sustain their development, labelled differently for both cities (Smartest City, Masdar City). We are reviewing planning measures taken to adapt these urban territory having known a spectacular growth since the 1990s which became significant on the global scale since the 2000s. Meanwhile, and almost consecutively a large modernization plans of public transport networks have been implemented in Abu Dhabi (DoT Bus) and in Dubai (Dubai Bus, Dubai Metro, Dubai Tram). Has the city making of both cities adapted to the new conditions due to the new policies and transit network? Has the new public transport infrastructure development in the induced a renewal of the city making processes? How has the city making process and regulation adapted to the new transit network? Few surveys and mostly qualitative interview of institutional actors in the several agencies that represent the operational and legal urbanism have been a tool added to the analysis of urban policies, the study of urban projects and actors strategy involved in urban development. We aim at putting into perspective the public transport policies, the official discourses and the urban sustainable planning, with the actual developments. We will study also the way the public transit networks is used to understand to which extent it fits the urban daily mobility requirements of Dubai and Abu Dhabi
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Masson, José Renato. « Pichadores de rua, territorialidades urbanas em conflito : territórios (in)visíveis de Goiânia ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7993.
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The street pitchers, look for the introduction, especially in big and medium sized cities, of their pieces of graffiti, willing to demarcate territories, attack the urban scene and provoke the rival groups.The pitch can not be undestood as na act of vandalism: they mean to be present on the city’s routine, “re”presenting and signifying again the scenery. The Movement cropped up in Bronx’s urban ghettos, USA, spreaded out around the world, and in Goiânia, there are many “goups”, that can be categorized in 2 types. In the first one, members of groups of rooters, compete with each other around the metropolis signing the acronyms TEV (Torcida Esquadrão Vilanovense) and FJG (Força Jovem de Goiás). And the neighbourhood groups, like the MGC (Moleques Grafiteiros do Criméia), BF (Bairro Feliz), UPS (União dos Pichadores Skatistas), etc. This groups search for the demarcation and the consolidation of the territory facing off the opponent, exerting territoriality, over na especific area. At the same time, they constitute a self identify, with the intention to put down and to oppose to the conventional urban patterns. Geography must not abstein it self from the comprehension of this phenomenon, once this understanding straightly involves the categories of geographical analysis, such as territory, territoriality, identity and urban.
Os pichadores introduzem na paisagem urbana, principalmente das médias e grandes cidades, suas pichações ansiando demarcar territórios, agredir a paisagem urbana e provocar grupos rivais. As pichações não podem ser entendidas, apenas, como atos de vandalismo, elas procuram fazer presentes no cotidiano da cidade, (re)presentando e (re)ssignificando a paisagem. Movimento surgido nos guetos urbanos do Bronx nos EUA disseminou pelo mundo. Em Goiânia existem diversas “galeras” que podem ser categorizadas em dois tipos. No primeiro, membros de torcidas organizadas de futebol rivais que disputam o espaço da metrópole para fazer apologia a sua agremiação e denegrir o rival , a TEV (Torcida Esquadrão Vilanovense) e FJG (Força Jovem do Goiás). E os grupos de bairro, como MGC (Moleques Grafiteiros do Criméia), BF (Bairro Feliz), UPS (União dos Pichadores Skatistas), etc. Estes grupos demarcam o seu território frente aos adversários exercendo territorialidade sobre uma área. Ao mesmo tempo, constituem uma identidade própria que insubmetem e contrapoem-se aos ditames convencionais do urbano. A Geografia não pode abster-se da compreensão deste fenômeno que envolve diretamente categorias de análise geográfica, como território, territorialidades, identidade e urbano.
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Isoldi, Ana Luiza Godoy. « A mediação como mecanismo de pacificação urbana ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8079.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-12This study aims to identify adequate resolution mechanisms for conflicts in the urban environment, especially those regarding urbanistic policies, for the purpose of concretizing the diffuse interests, collective or individual, public or private, in an ampler, more effective and efficient way, within the context of a Democratic Constitutional State, which requires public participation in city administration. The analysis iniciates with the new trends in Urbanistic Law and Legislation, which include a consensual public administration, describes several means to settle disputes either by agreement or by stipulation, with their respective mechanisms, that integrate the conflict resolution system, especially in what regards mediation and, finally, analizes social community mediation as a tool for urban pacification, as well as the possibilities of urbanistic mediation, mainly when it is applied simultaneously with the urbanistic instruments. The research method was reading of the bibliographic repertoire about the subject in the field of Legal Science, with contributions from other disciplines as well. The results led to the accomplishment of the intended objectives, especially by the identification of an adequate route for the resolution of urbanistic disputes, markedly in the context of judicial case administration
Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar mecanismos adequados para a solução de conflitos no cenário urbano, especialmente os conflitos urbanísticos, com o fim de concretizar os interesses difusos, coletivos e individuais, públicos e privados, de modo mais amplo, eficiente e efetivo, no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito, que exige a participação popular na gestão da cidade. O estudo parte das novas tendências do Direito Urbanístico, o que inclui a Administração Pública consensual, discorre sobre os modos autocompositivos e heterocompositivos, e respectivos mecanismos, que integram o sistema de solução de conflitos, especialmente sobre a mediação e, por fim, analisa a mediação social comunitária como mecanismo de pacificação urbana, bem com as possibilidades acerca da mediação urbanística, principalmente quando aplicada junto aos instrumentos urbanísticos. O método de pesquisa foi a leitura do repertório bibliográfico sobre o tema no âmbito da Ciência do Direito, com aportes de outras disciplinas. Os resultados levaram ao cumprimento de seu objetivo, especialmente ao identificar uma via adequada para a solução de conflitos urbanísticos, notadamente no contexto do gerenciamento de causas judiciais
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Soares, Moisés Julierme Stival. « O espaço do patrimônio na \"cidade-modelo\" : instrumentos, práticas e conflitos no Centro Antigo de Curitiba ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-12062017-092906/.
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A dissertação estuda a relação das políticas patrimoniais do Centro Antigo de Curitiba com o processo de planejamento urbano da capital paranaense. O período estudado parte da elaboração de planos urbanísticos pelos arquitetos Jorge Wilheim, Jaime Lerner, Cyro Corrêa Lyra e por urbanistas do Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Curitiba (IPPUC), entre 1965 e 1970, e se estende até a implantação dos planos durante as duas primeiras gestões de Jaime Lerner como prefeito, entre 1971e 1983. É nesse contexto que o Centro Antigo de Curitiba passa por revitalizações e ações de reconhecimento e proteção do seu patrimônio urbano, como: a criação do Setor Histórico de Curitiba e o tombamento da Paisagem Urbana da Rua XV de Novembro; e ainda intervenções viárias, de pedestrianização, e de revitalização, as quais visavam introduzir usos voltados ao turismo, cultura e lazer. Tais intervenções foram executadas em um cenário político e econômico favorável a grandes obras urbanísticas, durante o Regime Militar, as quais foram caracterizadas pela utilização de diversas estratégias políticas, técnicas e de city-marketing, com o intuito de atrair investidores, indústrias e turistas para dinamizar a economia do município. Ao longo dessa trajetória, porém, diversas tensões, contradições e conflitos são evidenciados, como a exclusão de bens e áreas importantes para a história da cidade do perímetro de proteção do Setor Histórico; demolições e alargamentos viários; a remoção de usos populares e moradores das áreas revitalizadas; e ainda os fortes embates com a população local. Empreendemos, então, nossos esforços para compreender, analisar e discutir essas questões, apoiando-se fortemente na revisão bibliográfica de autores da historiografia da preservação do patrimônio cultural e do planejamento urbano, em fontes primárias de documentos e em entrevistas com alguns dos principais agentes envolvidos. Desse modo, a pesquisa se insere no âmbito das discussões relativas à preservação de conjuntos históricos no Brasil, e proporciona uma contribuição especial para a avaliação da articulação entre as políticas patrimoniais e o planejamento urbano no contexto brasileiro.The dissertation studies the relationship between the cultural heritage policies of the historic center of Curitiba and the urban planning process of the capital of Paraná. The period studied starts from the elaboration of urban plans prepared by architects such as Jorge Wilheim, Jaime Lerner, Cyro Corrêa Lyra and by urban planners from the Institute of Urban Planning and Research of Curitiba (IPPUC), between1965 and 1970. The period studied also includes the implementation of plans during the first administrations of the Mayor Jaime Lerner, between 1971 and 1983. It was in this context that the historic center underwent revitalizations and actions to recognize and to protect its urban heritage, which includes: the creation and protection of the Historical Sector of Curitiba by the municipality; the protection of the Urban Landscape of XV de Novembro street by the state government; and also architectural and urban interventions to order the road system, to pedestrianize some central streets and to ennoble revitalized areas through the introduction of touristic, cultural and leisure uses. These interventions were carried out in a favorable political and economic context to large urban projects, during the Military Regime, which were characterized by several political, technical and city-marketing strategies, with the purpose of attracting investors, industries and tourists to develop the economy of the municipality. Throughout this trajectory, however, some tensions, contradictions and conflicts are evidenced, such as the exclusion of important areas for urban history from the protection perimeter of the Historical Sector; demolitions to prioritize the road system; removal of popular uses and residents from the revitalized areas; and strong conflicts with the local population. We undertake our efforts to understand, analyze and discuss these issues, strongly supported by the bibliographical review of authors of historiography of the conservation of cultural heritage and urban planning, primary sources of documents and interviews with some of the main actors involved. In this way, the research is considered part of the discussion on conservation of historical sites in Brazil, and provides a special contribution to the evaluation of the articulation between heritage policies and urban planning.
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Soares, Jacqueline Alves. « The periphery of the environment : social conflicts and risks in urban policies in Fortaleza- Cearà ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13737.
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Deutscher Akademischer Austausch DienstA pesquisa busca compreender a relaÃÃo entre moradia e meio ambiente atravÃs da anÃlise dos conflitos envolvendo projeto urbanÃstico municipal para erradicaÃÃo de Ãreas de risco. O desafio que a pesquisa se coloca à observar se tais polÃticas de prevenÃÃo riscos e desastres ambientais no meio urbano tÃm alterado as formas de produÃÃo do espaÃo rumo a uma maior justiÃa ambiental. Parte-se do pressuposto que as medidas apresentadas para moradores de Ãreas de risco, por nÃo atacarem a origem dos problemas geradores de desigualdade ambiental, apresentam soluÃÃes ineficazes e precÃrias mantendo a populaÃÃo aprisionada ao circuito dos riscos, alÃm de se apresentar enquanto discurso legitimador da gentrificaÃÃo do espaÃo. Os moradores, por seu vez, elaboram estratÃgias argumentativas no sentido de garantirem seus direitos por meio de novas atribuiÃÃes de significado dos âriscosâ enquanto estratÃgia discursiva de poder. Tal anÃlise à feita empiricamente a partir de estudo de caso envolvendo o Programa Municipal de RequalificaÃÃo Urbana e InclusÃo Social â PREURBIS em Ãreas de risco no lugar chamado Boa Vista, localizadas no mÃdio curso do Rio CocÃ, Fortaleza-Ce. A Ãrea em que a populaÃÃo està sendo alocada apresenta tambÃm riscos devido a localizaÃÃo da nova moradia estar situada no entorno do lixÃo do Jangurussu. Do ponto de vista material essas âlutas por classificaÃÃesâ se articulam e redefinem disputas materiais entre a defesa do morar dessa populaÃÃo de baixa renda numa Ãrea bem localizada e bem servida de equipamentos pÃblicos e intervenÃÃes urbanas que tem valorizado o espaÃo na lÃgica capitalista, induzindo a substituiÃÃo dos antigos habitantes por outros de renda mais elevada e a retenÃÃo da terra urbana com fim especulativo. Adotou-se metodologia qualitativa com revisÃo de literatura, pesquisa documental, observaÃÃo participante e realizaÃÃo de entrevistas.
The research seeks to understand the relationship between housing and the environment by analyzing the conflicts involving municipal urban project to eliminate risk areas. The challenge that arises is to observe whether such risk prevention policies and environmental disasters in urban areas have been changing the forms (or ways) of space production towards greater environmental justice. It starts from the assumption that the measures presented for hazardous areas of residents by not attacking the source of generating problems of environmental inequality, present ineffective and poor solutions keeping the imprisoned population to the circuit of risk, and present while legitimizing discourse of gentrification of the area. The residents, in turn, develop strategies of resistance through new allocations of meaning of "risks" as a discursive strategy of power. Such analysis is done empirically from case study involving the Municipal Program of Urban Requalification and Social Inclusion - PREURBIS in hazardous areas at a place called Boa Vista, located in the middle course of Rio Coco, Fortaleza-Ce. The area where the population is being allocated also presents risks due to the new dwelling location being situated in the surroundings of the landfill âJangurussuâ. From the material point of view these "struggles for ratings" articulate and redefine material disputes between the defense of living of this low-income population in an area well located and well served by public facilities and urban interventions that have valued the space in the capitalist logic, inducing the replacement of the former inhabitants by other higher-income inhabitants and retention of urban land for speculative purposes. We adopted a qualitative methodology with literature review, document research, participant observation and interviews.
Livres sur le sujet "CONFLITTI URBANI"
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1940-, Melotti Umberto, dir. Le banlieues : Immigrazione e conflitti urbani in Europa. Roma : Meltemi, 2007.
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1940-, Melotti Umberto, dir. Le banlieues : Immigrazione e conflitti urbani in Europa. Roma : Meltemi, 2007.
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Castelli, Federica. Corpi in rivolta : Spazi urbani, conflitti e nuove forme della politica. Milano : Mimesis, 2015.
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H, Nelde Peter, dir. Urban language conflict = : Urbane Sprachkonflikte. Bonn : Dümmler, 1989.
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author, Di Venosa Matteo, dir. Waterfront : Dal conflitto all'integrazione = from conflict to integration. Trento : LISt Lab Laboratorio Internazionale Editoriale, 2012.
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Athanasiou, Kōstas. Urban conflicts. Thessalonikē : Ergastērio Synantēseis kai Synkrouseis stēn Polē, 2015.
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Pullan, Wendy, et Britt Baillie, dir. Locating Urban Conflicts. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882.
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Urban water conflicts. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2011.
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Espaço urbano : Conflitos e subjetividade. Rio de Janeiro : FAPERJ, 2008.
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Conflitos sociais no espaço urbano. Niterói, RJ, Brasil : Eduff, 2016.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "CONFLITTI URBANI"
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Chan, Jeffrey K. H. « Conflict ». Dans Urban Ethics in the Anthropocene, 73–97. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0308-1_4.
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Khan, M. Shah Alam, Rezaur Rahman, Nusrat Jahan Tarin, Sheikh Nazmul Huda et A. T. M. Zakir Hossain. « Views from the Sluice Gate : Water Insecurity, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban Khulna, Bangladesh ». Dans Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 123–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_7.
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AbstractThis chapter explores conflict and cooperation around water infrastructure in relation to contestations over water and land in peri-urban Khulna, Bangladesh. It analyses how these contestations, together with the effects of climate change and urbanization, contribute to water insecurity. These dynamics are explored by viewing the peri-urban space as a hydro-social system where physical infrastructure (a sluice gate), hydrological processes and various actors interact. Through participatory appraisal, stakeholder analysis and social power mapping, we analyse the emergence, manifestations and implications of conflicts, and how power relations influence the conflict dynamics. The chapter further presents the process and outcome of participatory actions for capacity-building of communities to facilitate their empowerment by elevating their knowledge level and negotiating capabilities toward securing water and resolving conflicts. We argue that conflicts and water insecurities of peri-urban communities largely emerge from the absence of their participation in the planning and management of water infrastructure, and their limited capacity to resist changes in the control of water and agricultural land. The chapter concludes that peri-urban communities lack the power and agency to mitigate the impacts of urbanization and climate change, while neither urban nor rural planning processes formally recognize the peri-urban and its specific water security problems and needs. This policy gap leads to increasingly complex conflicts and water insecurities. Success and sustainability of alternative livelihood choices and collective action by marginalized communities depend much on continued advocacy, cooperation among and between communities and government agencies, commitment of a trusted neutral actor, and mutual understanding and respect for each other’s positions.
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Pullan, Wendy, et Britt Baillie. « Introduction ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 1–13. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_1.
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Tamari, Salim. « Urban Planning and the Remaking of the Public Sphere in Ottoman Palestine ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 173–94. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_10.
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Anderson, James. « Imperial Ethnocracy and Demography : Foundations of Ethno-National Conflict in Belfast and Jerusalem ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 195–213. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_11.
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Cochrane, Allan. « Breaking Down the Walls of Heartache : Reflections on the Ordinary Spaces of Division and Unification in Berlin ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 214–32. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_12.
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Komarova, Milena, et Liam O’Dowd. « Territorialities of Capital and Place in ‘Post-Conflict’ Belfast ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 233–51. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_13.
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Pullan, Wendy. « Spatial Discontinuities : Conflict Infrastructures in Contested Cities ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 17–36. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_2.
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Humphrey, Caroline. « Violence and Urban Architecture : Events at the Ensemble of the Odessa Steps in 1904–1905 ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 37–56. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_3.
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Hernández, Felipe, et Maximilian Sternberg. « Borderlands of the EU : The Spanish Enclave of Ceuta in Morocco ». Dans Locating Urban Conflicts, 57–75. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316882_4.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "CONFLITTI URBANI"
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Prudente, Letícia Thurmann. « Interface rural-urbana no planejamento territorial : caso do Assentamento Rural Marapicú na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6229.
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O território contemporâneo é complexo e repleto de conflitos entre diferentes agentes produtores de espaço, principalmente em espaços de interface rural-urbana. Os conceitos de rural e urbano foram historicamente construídos a través de definições que priorizaram o urbano e desconsideraram o rural, promovendo uma visão urbano-centrada no planejamento territorial no Brasil. Oartigo objetiva analisar o papel de um assentamento rural como um espaço de interface rural-urbana dentro de uma região metropolitana brasileira, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Marapicú, localizado no periurbano da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentadas algumas questões conceituais e descrito o processo de ocupação e de planejamento desse território.São múltiplas as facetas do rural, do urbano e suas interfaces, contudo ainda há uma visão homogeneizada de território no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar este debate, explicitando os conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo na produção do espaço. The contemporary territory is complex and full of conflicts between different agents producing space, mainly in areas of rural-urban interface. The rural and urban concepts were historically constructed through settings that prioritized the urban space and disregarded rural space, promoting an urban-centric view in territorial planning in Brazil. This study analyzes the role of a rural settlement as a rural-urban interface space within a Brazilian metropolitan region, using as a case study the settlement Marapicú, located in the peri-urbans paces of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Some conceptual issues are presented and described the process of occupation and planning that territory. There are multiple facets of rural, urban and their interfaces, however there is still a homogenized view of territory in Brazil. The proposal is to extend this debate, explaining conflicts of use and occupation in the production of space.
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Gargantini, Daniela, Desirée D'Amico, Miguel Martiarena, Joaquín Peralta, Jimena Garro et Verónica Greppi. « El estudio de los conflictos urbanos y el desafío de construir información para la incidencia ciudadana : el caso de la Red Ciudadana Nuestra Córdoba ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5948.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Las ciudades latinoamericanas se caracterizan por fuertes procesos de crecimiento urbano y de
profundización de la pobreza, reforzando el patrón de segregación residencial. Esto prefigura un contexto de
reiteradas violaciones al derecho a la ciudad. A partir de la supremacía del mercado este fenómeno cobra
relevancia tras su profundización, representando una de las condiciones de inequidad social y reproducción
de la pobreza urbana. Esta situación acaba cristalizando en reiterados focos de conflictos sociales y
urbanos que atentan contra la gobernabilidad local del territorio. En Córdoba (Argentina) el nivel de
conflictividad urbana ha ido incrementándose. En este sentido, el proyecto que se desarrolla prevé
identificar, caracterizar y georeferenciar conflictos urbanos existentes en la ciudad a partir de la
identificación de variables urbanas, ambientales y sociopolíticas relevantes en su determinación. Además
pretende comprender las representaciones y prácticas de los distintos agentes involucrados respecto de las
mismas y de las políticas públicas asociadas. Latin American cities are characterized by strong urban growth processes and deepening poverty,
reinforcing the pattern of residential segregation. This foreshadows a context of repeated violations of the
right to the city. From market supremacy this phenomenon becomes relevant after its deepening,
representing one of the conditions of reproduction of social inequality and urban poverty. This situation ends
in repeated outbreaks of social conflicts that threaten urban and local governance of the territory. In Cordoba
(Argentina) the level of urban conflict has been increasing. In this sense, the project aims to identify,
characterize and georeference urban conflicts in the city from identifying relevant urban, environmental and
sociopolitical variables in its determination. It also aims to understand the representations and practices of
the various agencies involved regarding the same and the related public policies.
3
Sousa, Carinna Soares de. « Urbanidade, processos de crescimento e rios urbanos : estudo comparativo entre Goiânia e Florianópolis ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6349.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este artigo parte das investigações iniciais de uma pesquisa que busca o aprofundamento na problemática
em torno das relações construídas entre ambiente natural e construção urbana, mais especificamente sobre
os conflitos existentes em um meio que se forma como transição entre a preservação do meio ambiente e a
apropriação do mesmo, as margens de cursos d’água em meio urbano. Foram realizadas análises
descritivas das características do meio natural em duas cidades, assim como as influências sobre seus
diferentes processos de construção urbana. Os objetos de estudo foram duas Bacias Hidrográficas, uma em
cada cidade, a fim de estudar as diferentes inter-relações desenvolvidas entre tecido urbano e margens dos
cursos d’água. Entendendo como cada situação interferiria no processo de reconectar homem e meio
natural e acreditando no equilíbrio entre a intangibilidade de leis ambientais com a apropriação das margens
como forma de preservar verdadeiramente o meio ambiente nas cidades. This article comes from an initial investigation of a research that search for deepening on the problematic
behind the relations between natural environment and urban development, more specific on the existent
conflicts on an environment that forms itself as a transition between preservation of natural elements and
their appropriation, the margins of water streams. Descriptive analyses were made on the natural
environment characteristics of two different cities and on the influences of their different urbanization
process. The study objects were two watersheds, one in each city, in order to study the different interrelation
developed between urban fabric and the water stream margins. Understanding how each situation would
interfere on the process of trying to reconnect men and natural elements and believing that the right way of
preserving natural environment is to balance the intangibility of preservations laws with the appropriation of
those natural elements by the local population.
4
Francel, Andrés. « Tensiones ideológicas y materializaciones de una ciudad intermedia a comienzos del siglo XX : paradigmas y repercusiones en la ciudad contemporánea : Ibagué, Colombia (1910-1935) ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6142.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A comienzos del siglo XX se implementaron tres modelos de planeamiento urbano en Colombia: el embellecimiento urbano historicista, la Ciudad jardín y la Ciudad funcional. Simultáneamente, se repudiaron y amalgamaron, dinámicas de las cuales surgieron los pensamientos prospectivos sobre las ciudades colombianas. El conflicto de intereses ideológicos, sociales, económicos y políticos que conllevaron estos lineamientos nacionales de desarrollo urbano es estudiado en Ibagué, población que debió asumir su transformación de ignorada aldea colonial a ciudad capital de Departamento y centro logístico y comercial del país, de acuerdo a su posición geográfica. Las interpretaciones para estas dinámicas proceden del examen comparativo de las actas notariales, la cartografía histórica, las publicaciones periódicas y las colecciones fotográficas de la época. In the early twentieth century were carried out three models of urban planning in Colombia: City beautiful, Garden city and Funtional city. At the same time, were repudiated and amalgamated, dynamics of which emerged prospective thoughts on Colombian cities. The conflict of ideological, social, economic and political interests that led to these national guidelines of urban development is studied in Ibague, that must assume its transformation from an ignored departmental colonial town to the capital city of Deparment and the logistical and commercial center of the country, according to its geographical position. Interpretations for this dynamic come from the comparative examination of the affidavits, historical maps, periodicals and photographic collections of this time.
5
Narváez Tijerina, Adolfo Benito. « Imaginarios urbanos de una ciudad transfronteriza y su expresión en internet ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Rio de Janeiro : Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7857.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El trabajo trata sobre las divergencias y convergencias entre las imágenes de las arquitecturas y las ciudades mexicanas y estadounidenses de la ciudad red Reynosa- McAllen- Matamoros- Brownsville, en el contexto del desarrollo de los imaginarios del conflicto, fruto del contacto
forzoso de los estadounidenses y los mexicanos. Se desarrolla la idea de que las grandes urbanizaciones que ahora ocupan espacios transfronterizos y sus arquitecturas a nivel de las calles, serán en el futuro los escenarios de conflictos por la reivindicación de antiguos agravios,
mismos que se desarrollan en los imaginarios y se expresan en formas urbanas específicas. Se estudia una genealogía de arquitecturas y diseños urbanos de ambos lados de la frontera a través de su expresión en internet, para establecer los elementos que representan un choque de concepciones territoriales que hace notablemente divergentes ambos lados de la frontera
México- estadounidense. This article is about the asymmetries between the images of the architectures and of the Mexican’s and USA’s cities of the net-city Reynosa-McAllen-Matamoros-Brownsville, in the context of the development of the imaginaries of conflict, fruit of the forced contact of the
Americans and the Mexicans. It is developed the idea that the large urbanization that now
occupies trans-frontiers spaces and its architectures at the level of streets, will be the future scenario of conflict for the claim of old offenses, these imaginaries are expressed in specific urban forms. We study a genealogy of architecture and urban design from both sides of the border through its expression on the Internet, to establish the elements that represent a clash of
ideas that makes remarkably divergent territorial both sides of the US-Mexico border.
6
Schaposnik, Viviana, Cecilia Giusso et Andrea Ulacia. « Autopistas y situaciones intersticiales urbanas : el valor del análisis-diagnóstico previo como instrumento de gestión e intervención ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7567.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introducción: La consolidación del desarrollo urbano es asociada a la movilidad, en mayor medida si se trata de AUTOPISTAS. Involucrando lógicas propias y autónomas, resultan funcionales exclusivamente a sus fines: contener y conducir de modo eficiente el flujo vehicular, partiendo de imponer sus también propios condicionamientos espaciales -estructuras de soporte, intercambiadores, organizadores bajo, sobre y a nivel, puentes, túneles, pantallas visuales, entre otros-. Queda afectado entonces el sector del territorio sobre el que descienden, por una secuencia dominantemente lineal de distintas categorías de impactos, vinculados además al nivel de consolidación urbana.
Como producto de la interacción entre Fijos y Flujos -TERRITORIO/ AUTOPISTAS-, es que surgen las Situaciones Intersticiales urbanas, encaradas aquí desde un origen investigativo en donde el Intersticio fue entendido como diferencia entre entidades territoriales anteriores y nuevas superpuestas, redundante en hibridación material o funcional de respectivas condiciones originales, y abordado como producto de acciones y relaciones sociales, temporales y espaciales. Este espacio intersticial, fue considerado entonces información ineludible al abordar operaciones sobre áreas urbanas en correlato con flujos de movilidad autopistas.
Objetivos: Se pretende generar un corpus de inferencias conducente a la elaboración de futuros diagnósticos, pautas y estrategias, a fin de “mitigar” los impactos afectantes e irresueltos que producen la sumatoria de situaciones intersticiales y remanentes espaciales, para ser eficientemente incorporados como variables a tomar en cuenta en los estudios del territorio en tanto urbano.
Metodología: Los datos emergen de la aplicación de un instrumento de lectura e interpretación sistémica que atiende a la complejidad del tejido urbano y la superposición de estratos físicos y fenomenológicos: Herramienta Intersticio, en situaciones intersticiales “bajo autopista” en un recorte de Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires/ RMBA – Argentina.
Conclusiones: Conclusiones genéricas producto del análisis, evidencian que el Flujo Autopista-AU corta/secciona a la CIUDAD, aceptado como hecho consumado su implantación y descenso en aras de la conectividad del territorio. Los DETERMINANTES ESPACIALES (modulación, soporte, senda-techo entre otros) condicionan las apropiaciones de manera tal que sea cual fuere el carácter del ámbito de inserción, contexto y autopista establecen un vínculo que–rozando en algunos casos la indiferencia-, no incita a contexto y autopista establecen un vínculo que–rozando en algunos casos la indiferencia-, no incita a “pleitos” urbanos verificables… Una adecuación (voluntaria?) que no evita que programa y usos predominantes, incidan desde este status quo en la dinámica del sitio… Aunque en muchos casos no difieran de los propios del sector de pertenencia, domina el conflicto en el escenario y su función de uso, situación que no ocurre cuando el mismo uso tiene una pertenencia al tejido urbano de la ciudad: es que la Autopista deja en su abajo, una suerte de confusión entre lo público y lo privado, que sumada a la
incidencia de estructura de soporte y plano superior límite, hacen que se produzcan siempre indefiniciones y/o conflictos -problemas propios de las infraestructuras en el territorio cuando no poseen
diagnósticos desde la gestión de pertenencia-.
Afrontar específicamente la evaluación de las condiciones de habitabilidad de las situaciones intersticiales estudiadas y/o la determinación de casos pasibles de una optimización -reconfiguración de la situación
presente-, conducen a reconocer la necesidad de una proyección del “sobre” y “bajo” autopista de manera conjunta.
Sumado a lo anterior, se confirma como necesaria la planificación previa de los intersticios “bajo autopista”, apoyada en el estudio realizado en esta investigación, desde una potencialidad espacial
latente y mal aprovechada, así como desde la anarquía evidente que los distintos usos-programas encontrados en esos espacios de muestra, en general con calidad urbana degradada. El ineludible vínculo entre el desarrollo urbano y la movilidad, deberá contar con instrumentos propios que contemplen estos espacios, no como remanente de una intervención, sino de manera sostenible, compatible con la
preservación y mejora del medioambiente natural y urbano, contribuyendo por las actividades que induce, directa e indirectamente en la formación de capital social. Introduction: Urban consolidation development is associated to motility, in great part if is referred to HIGHWAYS. Involving own and autonomy logics, they results functionality exclusively to its purpose: to content and conduce in an efficient way vehicular fluxes, starting from impose its own spatial conditions -
support structures, organizing under and upper level of bridges panels, tunnels, visuals screens, and so on-. The territorial sector where it happens this descending is affected because of a domineerig lineal
sequence of different categories of impacts entailed besides to urban consolidation level.
As a product of interaction between Fix and Fluxes -TERRITORY/ HIHGWAYS-, is that appears urban Interstitials Situations, faced here from an investigative origin where Interstice was understood as the
difference between previous territorial entities and new ones superposed, redounding in material or functional hybridization of respective original conditions, and boarded as a product of social, and spatial
actions and relations. So, this interstitial space, was considered unavoidable information when boarding operations over urban areas in relation with motility fluxes highways.
Objectives: The research, presently in development pretends to fix regulations and strategies appointing to a systematically formulation of typological patterns taking in account interstitially space, unavoidable
information to face actions over urban areas in relation with motility high-way fluxes and appropriation in the under high-way.
Methodologies: Is based in data emerging from the application of a reading and systemic interpretation instrument appointing to the complexity of urban tissue and the superposition of physics and phenomenological layers, -Interstitial Tool-, in interstitials situations “under highway” in a fragment of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region / RMBA – Argentina. By other way, digital descriptions are used as the best choice for representing all this process –still unfinished-, by the application of digital methods to board
the understanding of the mentioned urban problematic.
Conclusions: Generic conclusions as result of the analysis, put in evidence that the motility high-way fluxes cuts/sections the CITY, accepted its implantation and descent as a consummated fact in account of
territorial connectivity. SPATIAL DETERMINING (modulation, support, way-cover between others), conditions appropriations in that way, that it doesn’t matter character of the insertion contour; context and highway establishes a nexus; an urban adequation (voluntary or involuntary) that cannot avoid that programs and uses doesn’t fall into a sort of accepted status quo, even if in much cases have no difference from proper uses of the insertion area; conflict takes possession of the scene and its uses, all that because the highway leaves in its “under” a sort of confusion between public and privat activities,
adding to this, the incidence of the supporting structure and upper plane that conduces always to not resulted conditions and/or conflicts proper from this kind of infrastructures over territories when there isn’t governmental diagnostics and actions-.
The evaluation of specific conditions of habitability of the interstitial situations mentioned, must be boarded to be changed, as well as those cases apt to be optimized, producing a reconfiguration of present
situation. There is a responsibility about a simultaneous design of the upper and under highways. The unavoidable bond between urban development and motility must depend on, own instruments that overview those spaces , not as remnants of another intervention but in a sustainability way, compatible with preservation and an natural and urban ambient improvement, contributing to all that makes direct or indirectly to construct the social capital of urban areas.
7
Aquilué Junyent, Inés, et Javier Ruiz Sánchez. « Forma y topología de la guerra : Espacios de la incertidumbre en Dobrinja, Sarajevo ». Dans ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia : Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2019.9712.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El espacio no es solo una definición geométrica, sino también un conjunto topológico de relaciones. Un enfoque no euclidiano puede resultar adecuado para reconocer las relaciones sociales que emergen de los espacios, especialmente en contingencias inciertas y extremas. En relación a la interpretación topológica del espacio, esta investigación apunta a identificar morfologías urbanas, cuya topología se vuelve cada vez más determinante en situaciones de alta incertidumbre. Este enfoque topológico se ha aplicado en un análisis evolutivo de diferentes espacios urbanos bajo asedio, miedo y conflicto armado. En este caso, se examina el papel de Dobrinja un barrio periférico de Sarajevo durante la Guerra de Bosnia [1992-1995]. El análisis topológico del barrio de Dobrinja ha permitido identificar relaciones espaciales que pueden determinar el conflicto y las relaciones de poder establecidas entre las diversas facciones enfrentadas. Este proceso analítico ha demostrado cómo se transformaron los espacios urbanos contemporáneos, públicos y privados, y cómo se produjo una nueva lectura del espacio, basada en un cambio en el paradigma de uso de los espacios y de sus campos relacionales. La concatenación de espacios de Dobrinja se analiza formal y topológicamente durante la Guerra de Bosnia para examinar el papel de la forma urbana durante el conflicto y señalar qué cambios urbanos provocaron. Los resultados de esta investigación determinaron el proceso relacional que definió el vínculo entre forma y sistema social a lo largo del conflicto. En situaciones de alta incertidumbre, el uso y la importancia colectiva del espacio suelen tergiversarse y el análisis del caso así lo demuestra.
8
Aquilué Junyent, Inés, et Javier Ruiz Sánchez. « Forma y topología de la guerra : Espacios de la incertidumbre en Dobrinja, Sarajevo ». Dans ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia : Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2020.9712.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El espacio no es solo una definición geométrica, sino también un conjunto topológico de relaciones. Un enfoque no euclidiano puede resultar adecuado para reconocer las relaciones sociales que emergen de los espacios, especialmente en contingencias inciertas y extremas. En relación a la interpretación topológica del espacio, esta investigación apunta a identificar morfologías urbanas, cuya topología se vuelve cada vez más determinante en situaciones de alta incertidumbre. Este enfoque topológico se ha aplicado en un análisis evolutivo de diferentes espacios urbanos bajo asedio, miedo y conflicto armado. En este caso, se examina el papel de Dobrinja un barrio periférico de Sarajevo durante la Guerra de Bosnia [1992-1995]. El análisis topológico del barrio de Dobrinja ha permitido identificar relaciones espaciales que pueden determinar el conflicto y las relaciones de poder establecidas entre las diversas facciones enfrentadas. Este proceso analítico ha demostrado cómo se transformaron los espacios urbanos contemporáneos, públicos y privados, y cómo se produjo una nueva lectura del espacio, basada en un cambio en el paradigma de uso de los espacios y de sus campos relacionales. La concatenación de espacios de Dobrinja se analiza formal y topológicamente durante la Guerra de Bosnia para examinar el papel de la forma urbana durante el conflicto y señalar qué cambios urbanos provocaron. Los resultados de esta investigación determinaron el proceso relacional que definió el vínculo entre forma y sistema social a lo largo del conflicto. En situaciones de alta incertidumbre, el uso y la importancia colectiva del espacio suelen tergiversarse y el análisis del caso así lo demuestra.
9
Aquilué, Inés, Estanislao Roca et Javier Ruiz. « Topological analysis of contemporary morphologies under conflict : The urban transformation of Dobrinja in Sarajevo and the Central District of Beirut ». Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6167.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Regarding topological interpretation of space, this research aims to identify urban morphologies, whose topology becomes increasingly determining under high uncertainty. This topological approach has been applied in an evolutionary analysis of urban spaces under siege, fear and conflict, which conducted to the construction of a specific method. This method analyses the transformation of urban areas in five consecutive phases: urban form [1], increase of uncertainty [2], application of the apparatus [3], change in urban form [4], information flows [5]. These five phases were applied to different empirical studies, analysed through specific morphological and topological models. In the light of this method, two selected urban morphologies Dobrinja –a suburb in Sarajevo– and the Beirut Central District have been examined. The urban morphology of both areas was dramatically transformed after both civil conflicts –the Bosnian War and the Lebanese Civil War–. Dobrinja suffered severe modifications, first provoked by the violence of the siege during the Bosnian War [1992-1995], and then by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line as a result of the Dayton Peace Agreement [December 1995], which divided the neighbourhood and caused serious alterations in its ethno-demographic and spatial structure. The Beirut Central District was first destroyed by the violence experienced in the Lebanese Civil War [1975-1990] and then by the process of subsequent reconstruction [since 1992], which led to a simplification of its structure. The two morphological and topological analyses enable us to determine the initial causes and their spatial consequences in both urban areas, regarding their conflict and post-conflict stage.
10
Priore Lima, Renata. « Un espacio público en tranformación y conflicto : la plaza Salvador Seguí y la Filmoteca de Cataluña en el Raval de Barcelona ». Dans Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona : Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5873.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este artículo plantea una investigación acerca de la plaza Salvador Seguí, ubicada en el corazón del barrio del Raval, en el centro histórico de Barcelona, cuya forma y maneras de ocupación han cambiado mucho en los últimos diez años. Parte de un gran proyecto de intervención urbana conocido como Illa Robador, esta plaza fue uno de los pocos elementos que sobrevivió a las intensas trasformaciones que modificaron este tejido urbano milenario. Foco de polémica, este proyecto fue finalizado en 2012 con la inauguración de la Filmoteca de Cataluña. Sin embargo, los conflictos que caracterizan la plaza y el barrio hace siglos permanecen evidentes. Entender las características formales de la plaza Salvador Seguí, identificar los conflictos que la configuran y las principales permanencias y transformaciones en curso son nuestros objetivos centrales. This article intends to investigate Salvador Seguí square, located in the heart of Raval, at Barcelona historic center.
As part of a big urban project known as Illa Robador, its forms and ways of occupation have really changed during the last ten years.
The Salvador Seguí square is one of the few elements that survived in this millenary urban fabric. Target of an important polemic
discussion, this project was ended in 2012 with the inauguration of Filmoteca de Cataluña. However, the conflicts that
have distinguished this square for years
(as the whole neighborhood) are still
evident today. Understanding its formal characteristics, and recognizing the conflicts, permanencies and transformation aspects at Salvador Seguí square are the main
goals of this article.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "CONFLITTI URBANI"
1
Donnelly, Phoebe, et Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers : Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
2
Haider, Huma. Area-based Programming in Fragile- and Conflict-affected Contexts. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Area-based programming (ABP) is an approach that defines an area as the primary entry point, rather than a sector or target group. It is particularly appropriate in areas with complex, inter-related and multi-sectoral needs (USWG, 2019). Evaluations of ABP suggest that such an approach can be effective in responding to complex conflict characteristics on sub-national levels (UNDP, 2018). Despite growing interest in ABP, evidence is still greater for sectoral or issue-based approaches.The adoption of area-based approaches in cross-border rural areas of the Western Balkans are some of the earliest of such interventions discussed and evaluated. There has in recent years been an increase in discussion and case studies of the application of ABP in urban settings. This rapid literature review looks at area-based approaches in rural and urban settings, focusing on Afghanistan, along with a brief look at examples from Syria, Lebanon, Mauritania, and the Western Balkans. It draws out collective strengths, factors of success, and weaknesses and challenges from these country and regional programmes. It concludes with a list of lessons and recommendations.
3
Kaitlin, Ball. New Technologies for Combatting Sexual Violence in Conflict and Non-conflict Settings. Institute of Development Studies, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There are a significant number of new technologies aimed at combatting sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)—primarily in the form of “emergency mobile apps”, but they are generally geographically and culturally limited, and under-studied. There are fewer applications of new technologies addressing conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), as regards prevention, monitoring, and early warning systems. Well established issues related to the under-reporting of SGBV also impact the accuracy of digital monitoring tools used in both conflict and non-conflict contexts. The use of digital tools to combat SGBV also raises novel challenges related to new technologies, such as bias and data protection concerns. This report reviews evidence of the deployment of new technologies to address sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) both in and outside of conflict settings, and the potential for applications from non-conflict settings to apply to CRSV. Although certain literature is beginning to address the specific limitations of new technologies (e.g. usability in urban environments, cultural and linguistic appropriateness, and other accessibility questions), the limited nature of the literature assessing these new technologies and—more importantly—the design of these new technologies, means that the needs of disabled individuals, LGBTQIA+, and even men and boys, are often not centred or addressed in the design and critique of these new technologies. The review found that the studies assessing new technologies designed for and deployed in non-conflict settings identify many of the same issues affecting societal understanding of SGBV generally (under-reporting, for example), as well as new issues specific to the digital turn, such as serious and evolving privacy and data protection concerns. As regards the application of new technologies to CRSV specifically, both the applications and literature assessing them are nascent. Nevertheless, scholars are seeking to define frameworks aimed at harm reduction for the proliferation of new technologies in the humanitarian field specific to CRSV.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People : Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Battersby, Jane, Keren Ben-Zeev, Nomonde Buthelezi, Irene Fabricci, Matilda Fakazi, Serah Kiragu-Wissler, Yolanda Magazi et al. What's cooking ? Adding critical feminist research to the pot - Community kitchens, school feeding programmes, and savings schemes in Cape Town, Nairobi, and Ouagadougou. TMG Research gGmbH, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35435/2.2022.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
TMG’s Urban Food Futures programme closes its scoping phase with a series of reports summarising the main insights lying the foundation for the next phase of action research. Grounded in the right to food and the six dimensions of food security, this working paper explores how community kitchens, school feeding programmes, and informal saving schemes work and how communities use them to cope with shocks. The paper investigates how vulnerable urban communities in Ouagadougou, Nairobi, and Cape Town use these three components to combat hunger and food insecurity in times of crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, violent evictions, and armed conflicts. The paper further explores both the potential and the barriers of these initiatives to become urban nutrition hubs, places where community members engage in dialogues and build social capital to understand the structural conditions of hunger and what they can do to address them.
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Hachem-Vermette, Caroline, Matteo Formolli et Daniele Vettorato. Surface Uses in Solar Neighborhoods. IEA SHC Task 63, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task63-2022-0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report has been completed through international collaboration under the International Energy Agency (IEA) Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programme - Task 63 on Solar Neighborhood Planning. Specifically, the work contributes to Task 63 Subtask B - Economic Strategies and Stakeholder Engagement by identifying and discussing the potential usage of different urban surfaces in harvesting solar energy. Special focus has been placed on the identification of conflicts and synergies among solutions, and their contribution to the major climate resilience and sustainability objectives defined by solar neighborhoods.
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Marcelo, Da Costa. Comércio popular em cidades brasileiras : gestão de deslocamento econômico e transferência de bens. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003797.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O comércio popular faz parte do cenário urbano brasileiro, sendo ele ambulante ou fixo, formal ou informal, precário ou consolidado. As instituições públicas enfrentam diversos desafios e obstáculos nesta questão, dentre eles, a formalização dos comerciantes, a conciliação de conflitos difusos sobre o uso do espaço público, a incorporação dos deveres e obrigações dos comerciantes, a necessidade de relocação visando melhor organização do espaço, e o combate a atividades ilícitas. Tal situação exige a formulação de políticas públicas com propostas e iniciativas de desenvolvimento socioeconomico de forma sustentável. Neste cenário, esta publicação traz elementos básicos para orientar medidas e soluções com foco na relocalização de comerciantes populares, além de apresentar caminhos adequados para a formalização da transferencia de bens públicos. O estudo ainda apresenta alguns estudos de casos nacionais e internacionais que ilustram resultados, pesquisas, melhores práticas e lições aprendidas em programas dessa natureza.
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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman et Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion et Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Locating the Breach : Mapping the nature of land conflicts in India. Rights and Resources Initiative, février 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/tgba4115.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In India, conflicts over land can have deep and far-reaching implications for the well-being, development, and identities of communities. A land conflict can be defined as any instance in which two or more parties contest the use of, access to, or control over land and its associated resources. Land conflicts permeate rural and urban areas across all Indian states. Resolving land conflicts in India's developing economy is essential to reducing inequality and the inequities that an isolated focus on growth can exacerbate. Land Conflict Watch (LCW) has investigated the reasons for, and the impact of, land conflicts across the country over the last three years.