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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Conflicts of use »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 14 décembre 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Conflicts of use"

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Dong, Guanglong, Yibing Ge, Haiwei Jia, Chuanzhun Sun et Senyuan Pan. « Land Use Multi-Suitability, Land Resource Scarcity and Diversity of Human Needs : A New Framework for Land Use Conflict Identification ». Land 10, no 10 (23 septembre 2021) : 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101003.

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Land use conflicts are intensifying due to the rapid urbanization and accelerated transformation of social and economic development. Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for resolving land use conflicts and optimizing the spatial pattern of land use. Previous studies on land use conflict using multi-objective evaluation methods mainly focused on the suitability or competitiveness of land use, ignoring land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, hence reducing the accuracy of land use conflict identification. This paper proposes a new framework for land use conflict identification. Considering land use multi-suitability, land resource scarcity and the diversity of human needs, the corresponding evaluation index system was constructed, respectively, and the linear weighted sum model was used to calculate the land use conflict index. Taking Jinan as the study area, the spatial distribution characteristics of land use conflicts are accurately identified and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Land use multi-suitability in Shanghe county and Jiyang district is high, but the intensity of land use conflict is not. This indicates that land use multi-suitability is the premise and basis of land use conflict, but it is not the only determinant, which is consistent with our hypothesis. (2) Land use conflicts in Jinan were dominant by medium conflict, accounting for 43.89% of the conflicts, while strong and weak land use conflicts accounted for 25.21% and 30.90% of the conflicts, respectively. The spatial distribution of land use conflicts is obviously different, with high conflicts in the north and low conflicts in the south. Strong land use conflicts are concentrated in the urban and rural transition zones of Tianqiao, Huaiyin and Shizhong districts and in the northern parts of Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (3) Inefficient land use and land resource waste aggravated regional land use conflicts in Licheng and Zhangqiu districts. (4) The new framework for land use conflict identification proposed in this study can accurately identify land use conflicts, providing a scientific reference and new ideas for accurate identification of land use conflicts.
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Correa Rodríguez, Nieves, et Juan A. Rodríguez Hernández. « ESTRATEGIAS DE RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS EN LA PAREJA : NEGOCIANDO EN LO COTIDIANO ». International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 6, no 1 (12 janvier 2017) : 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v6.720.

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Abstract.STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN COUPLES: EVERYDAY NEGOTIATINGConflicts are normal situations in family life wich offer opportunities for personal growth and strengthening family relationships when constructive strategies are provided like negotiation, commitments and agreements. The frequent use of destructive strategies in everyday conflicts is associated with a growing unease in the family and a discontinuity in the family project. Couples show difficulties to implement courses of action culminating in agreements and commitments. This is a logical issue considering that the conflicts and the resolution strategies are complex situations. This work provides an analysis of daily conflict in couples contemplating conflict variables that mediate the use of resolution strategies and transactional processes that characterize these episodes. Finally, some guidelines are suggested to direct research and intervention in the field of conflict and family life.Keywords: Marital Conflict; Conflict Resolution Strategies; Negotiation; Situational Variables; Emotional Variables; Cognitive Variables.Resumen.Los conflictos son situaciones normales en la vida familiar. Suponen oportunidades para el crecimiento personal y el fortalecimiento de las relaciones familiares, siempre que se aborden con estrategias constructivas en las que prime la negociación, los compromisos y los acuerdos. El empleo frecuente de estrategias destructivas en los conflictos cotidianos se asocia a un creciente malestar en la familia poniendo en peligro la continuidad del proyecto familiar. Las parejas muestran dificultades para poner en marcha cursos de acción que culminen en acuerdos y compromisos. Lo que resulta comprensible si consideramos que los conflictos y las estrategias de resolución son situaciones complejas. Este trabajo ofrece un análisis del conflicto cotidiano en la pareja los conflictos contemplando las variables que mediatizan el uso de las estrategias de resolución y los procesos transaccionales que caracterizan estos episodios. Finalmente, se sugieren ciertas orientaciones para encauzar la investigación e intervención en el campo de los conflictos y la convivencia familiar.Palabras clave: Conflicto Marital; Estrategias de Resolución de Conflictos; Negociación; Variables emocionales; Variables Cognitivas, Variables Situacionales.
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Wang, Guojian, Jianguo Wang, Lingzhi Wang, Yi Zhang et Wenxuan Zhang. « Land-Use Conflict Dynamics, Patterns, and Drivers under Rapid Urbanization ». Land 13, no 8 (20 août 2024) : 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13081317.

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Conflict over land use is an issue that all countries are experiencing in the accelerated process of urbanization and industrialization. Research on the identification and characterization of land-use conflicts is an important basis for promoting the sustainable development of regional land use. Taking Hebei Province under the background of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei integration as the research object, this article combines the SCCI model and the LUF model to study the land-use flush in the process of rapid urbanization from the dimensions of land-use landscape conflict and land-use function conflict. The results of this study point out that land-use conflicts in the region have gone through a developmental course of intensification of heavy conflicts, slowing down, and then smoothing out. The exacerbation of land-use conflicts is synchronized with the time pattern of construction and development in the accelerated industrialization and urbanization of Hebei, while the activities of arable land occupation and compensation balance and land ecological management produce lagging land-use conflicts. The spatial pattern is characterized by dispersed and random conflicts in the plains, concentrated conflicts in the mountain stream zones, and stable conflicts in the ecological zones within the mountains in the mountainous areas. The role of externalities and internalities from within the region and in the coordinated development of the region has led to the coexistence of developmental and governance land-use conflicts in Hebei Province, and the geographic environment has a constraining effect on the spatial differentiation of these conflicts. Along with the strong implementation of China’s eco-governance and use-control systems, developmental land-use conflicts from the region will be effectively curbed, but the risk of overlapping developmental conflicts and lagging governance conflicts from coordinated regional development is a key focus for conflict prevention in the future.
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Angelkovic, Dusica Trpcevska, et Makedonka Stojanovska. « Conflicts in Land Use and Management ». SilvaWorld 3, no 2 (29 septembre 2024) : 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v3i2.278.

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As land is limited, conflicts between land uses, and, consequently, conflicts between land users about land use inevitably arise. The objective of this paper is to provide a broad, cross-sectional overview of land use conflicts as perceived by different actors and to explore the actors’ experiences with these conflicts. We conducted 45 face-to-face interviews with key land use actors in the Republic of North Macedonia. Then we applied a qualitative text analysis or identification of keywords to identify the most relevant conflicts across all land use sectors (agriculture, forestry, nature protection, etc.) and their impacts on local actors’ daily experiences. The results show that actors are aware of many diverse land use conflicts, most frequently regarding land uses for environmental/species conservation, forestry, and agriculture. Thus, land use conflicts play an important and mostly negative role in the experiences of land use actors. These findings fill current gaps in the literature on land use conflicts regarding the types of conflicts of which actors are aware and the consequences of these conflicts. The results also underline the relevance of addressing conflicts in land use planning and governance, the need for appropriate conflict management, and the necessity of providing local actors with sufficient resources to deal with land use conflicts.
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Rojo Guillamón, Maria Isabel, et Mercedes Ferrando Prieto. « Convivencia, conflictos y mediación escolar en educación secundaria : estudio de caso ». AZARBE, Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Bienestar, no 11 (28 décembre 2022) : 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/azarbe.505931.

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Educational work occurs in a context where interpersonal relationships intervene, which are not exempt from school conflicts. Inappropriate management can trigger a series of discrepancies and adverse reactions, giving rise to aggressions, insults, etc., to the detriment of the school coexistence of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) centers, which can lead to school violence. The objectives of the were to evaluate the students' perception of the conflict; the types of conflicts and the mechanisms to resolve them. The participants were 147 students from a Secondary Education Institute (IES) enrolled in 3rd and 4th of ESO and 3rd of the Performance and Learning Improvement Program (PMAR) and 4th of the Curricular Diversification Program ( PDC), between 13 and 18 years old. The instrument was a questionnaire on causes and types of conflicts, elaborated from Ortuño (2014) with the aim of evaluating the students' perception of the conflict; the most common types of conflicts that occur between them and the mechanisms they use to resolve them. The results indicate that the conflicts that occur the most are due to the occupation of the playgrounds; The changes of desks and insulting the classmates and the less frequent ones are insulting the teacher and the destruction of materials. The conclusions highlight the importance of knowing the conflicts that occur daily for proper management without resulting in violence or bullying. As future lines of research, prevention and resolution of school conflicts are highlighted. La labor educativa ocurre en un contexto donde intervienen relaciones interpersonales, que no quedan exentas de conflictos escolares. Una gestión inadecuada puede desencadenar una serie de discrepancias y reacciones adversas, dando lugar a agresiones, insultos, etc., en perjuicio de la convivencia escolar de los centros de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), pudiendo derivar en violencia escolar. Los objetivos del fueron evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes ante el conflicto; los tipos de conflictos y los mecanismos para resolverlos. Los participantes fueron 147 estudiantes de un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria (IES) Escolarizados en 3.º y 4.º de ESO y 3.º del Programa de Mejora del Rendimiento y Aprendizaje (PMAR) y 4.º del Programa de Diversificación Curricular (PDC), entre 13 y 18 años. El instrumento fue un cuestionario sobre causas y tipos de conflictos, elaborado a partir de Ortuño (2014) con el objetivo de evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes ante el conflicto; los tipos de conflictos más habituales que se producen entre ellos y los mecanismos que utilizan para resolverlos. Los resultados apuntan que los conflictos que más se producen son debidos a la ocupación de las pistas del recreo; los cambios de pupitre e insultar a los compañeros y los menos frecuentes son insultar al profesor y el destrozo de materiales. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia de conocer los conflictos que se producen diariamente para una adecuada gestión sin que deriven en violencia o acoso escolar. Como futuras líneas de investigación se subraya medidas de prevención y solución de conflictos escolares.
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Pambudi, Andi Setyo. « Environmental land use conflicts and ecosystem services : a paper review ». Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies 4, no 2 (29 octobre 2023) : 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast.v4i2.7851.

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The topic of potential conflicts related to land use involving human activities in a watershed is an important matter to be discussed. The background of this research is that conditions in mountainous watersheds, and agricultural land use cause changes in ecosystem services, with trade-offs between crop production and erosion regulation. Watershed management with an environmental concept often faces problems with different interests among stakeholders. Although several studies have initiated the mapping of land-use conflicts between human activities and conservation, the spatial assessment of land-use conflicts on environmental issues and trade-offs of ecosystem services in agricultural areas has not been fully considered. The purpose of this study is to map land use, with indicators of measuring conflicts in the value of conservation and agricultural development, through scenarios of the level of erosion hazard on agricultural land. This study provides input to decision-makers regarding watershed conservation efforts that still consider aspects of the economic needs of agricultural land. The objective of the reviewers is to understand how the concept of mapping the potential conflict of land use in the Haean watershed in South Korea can be applied in Indonesia. The methodology used is to apply the agricultural land suitability index based on various analytical criteria to estimate the spatial preferences of agricultural activities. To predict erosion, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method and the classification of agricultural land in the watershed is divided into four levels of land use conflict (lowest, low, high, and highest).
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Mussa, Kassim R., Reuben Mwamakimbullah et Christopher P. Mahonge. « Characterization and Mapping of the Causes, Intensity and Effects of Natural Resource Use Conflicts in Kilosa and Mvomero, Tanzania ». Journal of Natural Resources and Development 9 (15 janvier 2019) : 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v9i0.01.

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Tanzania has experienced many natural resource use conflicts in many parts of the country, including the Kilosa and Mvomero districts, ranging from family disputes through to all-out social unrest. Despite some efforts to curb rampant natural resource use conflicts, there is overwhelming evidence of the existence and upsurge of such conflicts, leading to various consequences, including death of people involved, destruction of property and the creation of a sense of insecurity. This study aims to characterize and map the causes, intensity and effects of natural resource use conflicts in the districts of Kilosa and Mvomero, Tanzania. Key Informant Interviews were used to gather valuable evidence to characterize the natural resource use conflicts in Kilosa and Mvomero, which also aided in constructing natural resource-use conflict typology. Quantum GIS software was used for spatial mapping of the conflicts. The study confirmed that land, water, crops, pasture and minerals are the main natural resources behind the conflicts, and therefore these resources have to be treated as crucial dimensions of conflict prevention in Kilosa and Mvomero. Generally, there is complexity in the conflict situations and overlapping of causes and conflict types on the one hand, and overlapping of conflict types and resources which are contested for on the other.
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Sagova, Z. M., L. A. Mezhova et A. M. Lugovskoy. « STUDY OF NATURE MANAGEMENT CONFLICTS IN FOREIGN RESEARCH ». Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences) 1, no 12 2018 (2018) : 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/use.37002.

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Zhang, Jing, Yan Chen, Xinming Chen, Congmou Zhu, Bingbing Huang et Muye Gan. « Identification of Potential Land-Use Conflicts between Agricultural and Ecological Space in an Ecologically Fragile Area of Southeastern China ». Land 10, no 10 (26 septembre 2021) : 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101011.

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In the context of ensuring national food security, high-intensity agricultural production and construction activities have aggravated the conflicts between agricultural and ecological spaces in ecologically fragile areas, which have become one of the most important factors hindering regional sustainable development. This study took Lin’an District, a typical hilly region of southeastern China, as an example. By constructing a landscape ecological risk evaluation model, land-use conflicts between agricultural and ecological spaces were identified, spatial autocorrelation and topographic gradient characteristics were analyzed, and land-use conflict trade-off mechanisms were proposed. During 2008 and 2018, the degree of land-use conflict in Lin’an District displayed an increasing trend, and the proportion of severe conflicts increased obviously. Slope is the main factor affecting land-use conflicts in a hilly region and shows a negative correlation, mainly because areas with flat terrain are more conducive to human activities. Based on the characteristics of land-use conflicts in Lin’an District, conflict trade-off mechanisms were proposed to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for land-use conflict management. Our study provides scientific evidence for sustainable land-use planning and ecological management in ecologically fragile areas.
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Nyuykighanse, Njiysinyuy Elizabeth, Banseka JaneFrances Yenlajai, Cletus Forba Fru et Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi. « Land Use Conflicts and Planning Implications : Insights from Kumbo, Cameroon ». Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 27, no 8 (22 juillet 2023) : 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i8699.

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As actors compete over land for varied reasons, conflicts linked to the multiplication of incompatible land uses have witnessed an increase. This validates the need for renewed evidence on the trigger mechanisms and manifestations of land use conflicts. To close this knowledge gap, this paper examines land use conflict dynamics and their planning implications in Kumbo – Cameroon. The paper further explores the manifestations of land use conflicts, and examine planning options to stem such conflicts. Data for this study was obtained through a random survey of 394 respondents. This was further complemented by interviews and focus group discussions. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the logit model. This was further buttressed through spatial analysis using Arc GIS 10.8. The logit results reported that informal economic activities tend to increase the likelihood of land use conflicts in Kumbo. Furthermore, the analysis showed an intricate direct relationship between poor planning and implementation of policies, and increasing land use conflicts in Kumbo. In the wake of an expected increase in land use conflicts, this paper suggests pragmatic solutions aimed at relocating and realigning compatible land uses in this community.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Conflicts of use"

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Kim, Tae-Goun. « Managing marine resource use conflicts : marine sand mining in Korea / ». View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3284825.

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Appiah-Boateng, Sabina [Verfasser]. « Land-use Conflicts and Psychosocial Well-being / Sabina Appiah-Boateng ». Hildesheim : Universität Hildesheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217404317/34.

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Hanaček, Ksenija. « Land-use changes, cultural ecosystem services, and environmental conflicts : Evidence from rural Bulgaria ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670263.

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Como resultado de sus interacciones e interdependencias con las personas, los agroecosistemas se obtienen servicios de ecosistemas culturales (SEC) como identidad rural, conocimiento tradicional y ceremonias relacionadas con cultivos. Sin embargo, los agroecosistemas se enfrentan globalmente a cambios en los usos de suelo, como la agricultura intensiva, el abandono de la tierra y la urbanización, que están influenciados por las fuerzas económicas, políticas y de mercado. Junto con estas tendencias, están surgiendo conflictos ambientales entre diferentes actores con diferentes intereses en las áreas terrestres. Esta tesis doctoral examina de manera integral los SEC y críticamente examina cómo están influenciados por los cambios en el uso de suelo y que tipo de conflictos ambientales surgen según los cambios en el SEC. El estudio comienza a nivel global, luego utiliza a Bulgaria como el caso de estudio tanto a nivel regional como a nivel comunitario, con especial énfasis en las políticas rurales. Los resultados de la investigación indican que los agroecosistemas proporcionan múltiples SEC interrelacionados que constituyen el patrimonio agrícola mundial. Además, los cambios en el uso de suelo tienen un impacto significativo en la cultura y la tradición, principalmente de los agricultores y las comunidades rurales, y por lo tanto surgen conflictos ambientales en forma abierta y latentes. En el caso de estudio en Bulgaria, la evaluación de SEC por parte de los diferentes actores a nivel regional y agrícola indica que la evaluación de SEC se ve interrumpida debido a cambios en el uso de suelo. Además, las sobre el SEC a nivel comunitario pueden surgir como conflictos ambientales que se expresan abiertamente a través de manifestaciones o protestas, siempre que el poder político de la comunidad para la gestión ambiental sea alto. Cuando el grado de poder es bajo, conflictos relacionados con SEC están latentes, expresados con una gran importancia dada a la identidad rural. De hecho, este estudio muestra que los conflictos ambientales por la apropiación de tierras agrícolas están entrelazados con la desposesión cultural. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, esta tesis argumenta que el patrimonio agrícola global está en riesgo de perderse debido a los cambios en el uso de la tierra. Se necesitan políticas más holísticas de uso de la tierra a diferentes escalas de gobernanza que tengan en cuenta tanto la importancia crítica de las comunidades locales como el SEC que crean conjuntamente para la preservación y nutrición de las zonas rurales. La población rural y los SEC co-creados desempeñan un papel fundamental en la defensa de los problemas de distribución de servicios ecosistémicos y en la promoción de la sostenibilidad social, ecológica y económica. Por lo tanto, la participación de las partes interesadas locales debe incluirse en la toma de decisiones sobre el uso de suelo y el SEC debe ser reconocido en la ciencia y la políticas publicas como vías para la preservación ambiental y la estabilidad social de las zonas rurales marginalizadas.
As a result of their interactions and interdependencies with people, agroecosystems contribute to the creation of cultural ecosystem services (CES) such as rural identity, traditional knowledge, and ceremonies related to cultivation. However, global agroecosystems are currently undergoing vast land-use changes –such as intensive agriculture, land abandonment, and urbanization – which are influenced by economic, policy, and market forces. Along with these trends, environmental conflicts are emerging between stakeholders with differing interests in land areas. This dissertation holistically examines CES by critically studying how CES, in the light of relational values, are disrupted by land-use changes, and further identifying environmental conflicts arising from changes in CES. The study begins at the global level, then uses Bulgaria as a case study at both the regional level and community levels, with particular emphasis on rural policies. Results of the research indicate that agroecosystems provide multiple interrelated CES that constitute global agricultural heritage. Further, land-use changes have a significant impact on culture and tradition, mainly at the expense of farmers and rural communities, and therefore lead to open and latent forms of environmental conflict. In the Bulgarian case study, stakeholders’ evaluation of CES at both regional and farm levels indicate CES evaluation is often disrupted due to land-use changes. Moreover, concerns about CES at the community level can emerge as environmental conflicts that are expressed openly thorough demonstrations or protests, provided the community’s political power for environmental management is high. When the degree of power is low, such CES-related conflicts are latent, expressed with a high importance placed on rural identity. Indeed, this study shows environmental conflicts over agricultural land appropriation are intertwined with cultural forms of dispossession. On the basis of these findings, this dissertation argues global agricultural heritage is at risk of being lost due to land-use changes. More holistic land-use policies at different governance scales are needed that consider both the critical importance of local communities and the CES they co-create for preservation and nourishment of rural areas. Rural people and co-created CES play a fundamental role in defending ecosystem services distribution issues and promoting social, ecological, and economic well-being. Therefore, the participation of local stakeholders is important in land-use decision-making, and CES recognition in science and policy as pathways for the environmental preservation and social stability of marginalized rural areas.
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Kideghesho, Jafari Ramadhani. « Wildlife conservation and local land use conflicts in Western Serengeti, Tanzania ». Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1970.

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The pre-colonial traditional societies in Western Serengeti were physically and spiritually connected to animal species and plants in their surrounding environments. This link contributed to sustainable use and harmonious coexistence. The religious affiliation and local management structures sanctioned some destructive behaviours and designated some species and habitats as sacred. Additionally, low human population and primitive technology posed low pressure on resources. Colonial regime interrupted the coexistence through introduction of new management structures. The exclusive, prohibitive and punitive actions perpetrated by colonial regime under "fences and fines" conservation approach fomented conflicts and local resentment towards conservation policies. However, despite local resentment and conflicts, the economic and political reasons forced the post-colonial government to inherit these policies uncritically.

While the idiom "Serengeti shall not die" has been a popular motto and ambition for decades, some forces had been working against it. These forces include: inefficient state-led enforcementn (due to shrinkage of government budgets in 1970s and 1980s); human population growth; rural poverty; globalisation of markets in animal products (e.g. rhino horns and ivory) and; local resentment towards the conservation policies. The reduction of the wildlife populations and habitats as a result of these forces, ruled out the efficacy of “fences and fines” approach in conserving wildlife. This prompted a need to search for alternative approach that would end this crisis.

The community conservation (CC) initiative, which emerged as a major paradigm of conservation work in late 1980s, was the most appealing option. Through provision of tangible economic benefits, CC sought to motivate local people to align their behaviours with conservation goals. This prescription was applied to Serengeti where two CC initiatives, Serengeti Regional Conservation Project (SRCP) and Community Conservation Service (CCS) were launched. Findings from this study indicate that the benefit based approaches implemented under these initiatives are fundamentally flawed, a scenario that precludes their possibility to contribute significantly to conservation objectives.

Although attitudinal survey indicated that the benefit-based strategy increase acceptability towards conservation, this may not necessarily imply a change in behaviour. Poaching was still rampant in the villages under the projects. However, even if the strategy could lead to a change of behaviour among the beneficiaries, its impact to conservation would still be insignificant since only a small fraction of the communities benefit (i.e. 14 out of 126 villages). Furthermore, even within the project villages the minimal benefits granted are inequitably distributed and monopolised by local elites. The poorest members of the society are unable to enjoy these benefits because cash is required to access them (e.g. game meat, medical services).

Along with the benefits, the results indicated that the costs inflicted by wildlife to local people and some socio-demographic factors (education, wealth) have potential role in shaping conservation attitudes. Local communities experiencing fewer costs from wildlife conservation and those most educated were less likely to support protected areas. Those with more livestock were more negative, probably because the costs of prohibition from access to water and pasture in protected areas were more obvious to them. Conservation attitudes were more positive to Serengeti National Park than to the adjacent Game Reserves, a scenario that can be attributed to history and the age of the park. It was created some 50 years when population was low and land was still available. Furthermore, the majority of the villagers were, either too young, or were not even born when the Park came to existence. Therefore, they did not feel the pain of eviction, if there was any.

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Bethell, Amber. « Evaluating Conflicts in the Use and Development of Geographic Information Systems ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BethellA2002.pdf.

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Akhter, Tasneem. « The role of property rights for land degradation and land use conflicts ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16285.

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Bodendegradation ist ein wachsendes Problem von Pakistan, die Biomasse Verlust verursacht und hat einen schlechten Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft des Landes. Nordöstlich von der Provinz Punjab, die berühmt für die Reisanbau ist, leidet auch mit diesem Problem. Zusammen mit einigen anderen Gründen, sind institutionelle Aufbau in den Regionen und der Landnutzungsänderungen der Hauptgründe für diesen Abbau. Obwohl das Land ist, die privaten Eigentümern, aber wegen der Störung der bestehenden Eigentumsrechte und die jüngste Stadterweiterung in der Region hat interfamiliären Konflikte zwischen Grundbesitzern im Zusammenhang mit Entfremdung Land provoziert. Diese Konflikte haben ein Potenzial von gefährden ländlichen Setup und der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion des Landes. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, diese Konflikte Ansatz, den Schwerpunkt auf die Notwendigkeit des institutionellen Wandels für die Nutzung von landwirtschaftlichen degradierten Flächen und mögliche Governance-Struktur für Land Umwandlung in Pakistan. Die Organe der Sustainability Framework von Hagedorn et al (2002) wird verwendet werden, und einige politische Empfehlungen gehen abgeleitet werden.
Land degradation is a growing problem of Pakistan, which causes biomass loss and has a bad effect on the economy of the country. Northeast of Punjab province, which is famous for the rice cultivation, is also suffering with this problem. Along with some other reasons, institutional setup in the regions and the land-use change are the main reasons of this degradation. Although the land is owned by private owners, but because of the malfunctioning of existing property rights and the recent urban expansion in region has provoked interfamily conflicts between landowners related to land alienation. These conflicts have a potential of jeopardising rural setup and agriculture production of the country. The aim of the study is to approach these conflicts, focus on the need of institutional change for the use of agricultural degraded lands and possible governance structure for land conversion in Pakistan. The Institutions of Sustainability Framework of Hagedorn et al (2002) will be employed and some policy recommendations are going to be derived
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Söder, Rickard. « Understanding Terrorism in Internal Armed Conflicts : Explaining why some rebel groups use terrorism ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315041.

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Carlsson, Matilda. « Conflict-Related Sexual Violence : A Cross-National Comparison of Circumstances Related to State Forces’ Use of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts ». Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, Statsvetenskapliga avdelningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5838.

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Sexual violence is a well-known phenomenon in armed conflicts. The international attention from scholars and policymakers has substantially expanded during the last decades, but until today a comprehensive understanding of the circumstances that generate this violence is absent. This causes difficulties in the policy rhetoric of the issue, as well as in the development of effective measures to prevent and combat conflict-related sexual violence in current conflicts. This study aims to explore and identify circumstances related to the use of sexual violence by armed groups, and by state forces in particular. The overall purpose is to contribute to an understanding of why state forces commit sexual violence in some armed conflicts and not in others. An analytical framework is created based on existing theoretical concepts and explanations to the varying frequency of sexual violence. Based on this, five hypotheses of possible correlated conditions are created. These conditional factors are: 1) Rule of Law, 2) Other Violence, 3) Ethnic Conflict, 4) Gender Equality, and 5) International Support. The hypotheses are translated into macro-level variables that are systematically applied and compared between ten cases of armed conflicts, five of which have high levels of sexual violence committed by state forces, respectively five with no reports of sexual violence committed by state forces. This is done by a cross-national comparison using descriptive statistics. Four hypotheses are to a varying degree strengthened by this study and the result suggests that sexual violence committed by state forces is more likely to occur; in conflicts with low levels of rule of law; in ethnic conflicts; in conflicts with high levels of other violence, and; in absence of international support. The anticipation is that the results of this study will provide a platform for further conclusive research of casual factors to conflict-related sexual violence.
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Tang, Sze-man, et 鄧思敏. « Farmland conservation in Hong Kong's rural hinterland : conflicts and potentials ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227867.

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Sewald, Ronda L. « The darker side of sound conflicts over the use of soundscapes for musical performances / ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380130.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4519. Adviser: Ruth M. Stone.
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Livres sur le sujet "Conflicts of use"

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Environment, New Zealand Ministry for the. Managing rural amenity conflicts. Wellington, N.Z : The Ministry, 2000.

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Hartard, Susanne, et Wolfgang Liebert, dir. Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1.

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Holland, Paula. Managing resource use conflicts in aquaculture. Canberra, Australia : ABARE, 1999.

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Anderson, Terry Lee. Multiple conflicts over multiple uses. Bozeman, Mont : Political Economy Research Center, 1994.

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1946-, Anderson Terry Lee, dir. Multiple conflicts over multiple uses. Bozeman, Mont : Political Economy Research Center, 1994.

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6

Boyce, Jon A. Use conflicts and floating aquaculture in Puget Sound. Olympia, WA : Washington Dept. of Ecology, Shorelands and Coastal Zone Management Program, 1988.

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7

W, Owens David. Conflicts of interest in land-use management decisions. [Chapel Hill] : Institute of Government, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1990.

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J, Goetz Stephan, Shortle J. S et Bergstrom John C, dir. Land use problems and conflicts : Causes, consequences, and solutions. London : Routledge, 2004.

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E, Nickum James, Easter K. William, Program on Environment (East-West Center) et United Nations Centre for Regional Development., dir. Metropolitan water use conflicts in Asia and the Pacific. Boulder : Westview Press, 1994.

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Onyekachi, Ifudu, dir. Renal anemia : Conflicts and controversies. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Conflicts of use"

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Havel, J. J. « Land use conflicts ». Dans Resilience in mediterranean-type ecosystems, 147–60. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4822-8_10.

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Sailer, Michael. « Conflicts on Nuclear Energy Use ». Dans Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use, 93–100. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_7.

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Walter, H. S. « Land Use Conflicts in California ». Dans Ecological Studies, 107–26. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03543-6_6.

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Müller, H. Jürgen, et Rose Dieng. « On Conflicts in General and their Use in AI in Particular ». Dans Computational Conflicts, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56980-7_1.

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Hodgson, Gregor. « Resource Use : Conflicts and Management Solutions ». Dans Life and Death of Coral Reefs, 386–410. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5995-5_17.

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van Ginkel, Rob, et Nathalie Steins. « Multi-Use Conflicts in Inshore Waters ». Dans Reviews : Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 257–73. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1892-9_15.

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Nordås, Ragnhild, et Nils Petter Gleditsch. « Climate Change and Conflict ». Dans Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use, 21–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_3.

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Ipsen, Dirk. « The Lifecycle of Oil : Problems and Conflicts ». Dans Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use, 61–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_5.

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Hennecke, Anna, et Nils Rettenmaier. « Sustainable Land Use : Food Production or Fuels ». Dans Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use, 245–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_17.

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Hartard, Susanne. « Preamble ». Dans Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use, 1–11. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Conflicts of use"

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Kavanaugh, Andrea L., Steven D. Sheetz, Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazan, John C. Tedesco et Edward A. Fox. « Media use during conflicts ». Dans the 15th Annual International Conference. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612738.

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De Silva, Piyanwada, et Y. G. Sandanayake. « Conflicts Handling Styles Used by Professionals at Pre-Contract Stage of Building Construction Projects in Sri Lanka ». Dans The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/vluv8738.

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Conflicts between design team professionals is a common experience in building construction projects in Sri Lanka. Depending on the way they are been handled, these conflicts bring either positive or negative impacts to the project. Thus, this paper investigates the conflict-handling styles that the professionals use to handle different types of conflicts among themselves at pre-contract stage of construction projects in Sri Lanka. The study on different types of conflicts and handling styles were derived through quantitative approach by a questionnaire survey designed incorporating Rahim’s Organisational Conflict InventoryII (ROCI-II) with the participation of 42 number of professionals engaged during the pre-contract stage of building construction projects in Sri Lanka. The scope of the study was limited to the building construction projects and only to the conflicts among professionals at the same level. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The research findings revealed that there are four types of conflicts: task, relationship, process and status conflicts, occur in different frequencies among the professionals. The task conflicts occur very often, and process conflicts occur often whilst relationship and status conflicts occur rarely among professionals during the pre-contract stage. This study revealed that professionals use different conflict handling styles to handle these four types of conflicts among themselves during the pre-contract stage of building construction projects in Sri Lanka. Further, majority of professionals use integrating style often to handle conflicts among themselves, and they use avoiding style very rarely to handle the conflicts among themselves except for relationship conflicts. However, to handle relationship conflicts, professionals use dominating style as the last option. The study would assist the industry practitioners to identify their personnel conflict handling style and the outcome of using each style with their supervisors when handling conflicts during the precontract stage. KEYWORDS: Conflicts, Conflict-Handling Styles, Conflicts With Professionals, Construction Industry, Pre-Contract Stage.
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Neumeyer, Xaver, et Ann F. McKenna. « Assessing Team Conflict in Student Design Teams ». Dans ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63933.

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Our work is investigating the role of team conflict in the context of student design project work. We are interested in the types of conflicts that occur during the team’s development of their design solution, and how these conflicts may in fact contribute in a positive way to the overall design solution. We are using a mixed-method approach to data collection through student interviews, team observations, reflective memos, and surveys. This paper reports results from a study implemented in a required first-year engineering design course. Results from this study indicate that teams experience a range of conflicts, where some students perceive these conflicts as beneficial to team performance. In addition, our results describe several strategies teams use to manage and leverage these conflicts. Finally, methodologically we found that the team memos and team conflict surveys were better instruments for capturing team conflict, more so than self-report surveys.
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Whitney, Daniel E., Ramakrishna Mantripragada, Jeffrey Adams et Timothy Cunningham. « Use of Screw Theory to Detect Multiple Conflicting Key Characteristics in Complex Mechanical Products ». Dans ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8974.

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Abstract Complex mechanical products, such as automobiles and airplanes, must satisfy many customer requirements, commonly called Key Characteristics (KCs). Such products have many separate parts, all of which must cooperate to deliver these requirements. In many cases there are more requirements than degrees of freedom available to meet them all independently, requiring prioritization. This problem is called KC conflict. In a highly complex product, such conflicts can be difficult to detect during design. This paper defines this problem and shows how screw theory can be used to detect and potentially correct it.
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Maisonneuve, Hervé. « Liens d’intérêts et publications : bilan de 20 ans d’observations en médecine ». Dans 2ème Colloque International de Recherche et Action sur l’Intégrité Académique. « Les nouvelles frontières de l’intégrité ». IRAFPA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56240/cmb9911.

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In order to regulate possible links and conflicts of interest, several conceptions coexist, or even oppose each other. These currents of thought are evolving and organizations vary in their policies concerning conflicts of interest. Three strategies exist: witch-hunting, transparency and tolerance. But the PubMed website, there were 850 references in 2005, 15,100 in 2010, 36,500 in 2015 and 217,000 in 2020. There were 1,100,000 hits in May 2022 on this biomedicine-oriented literature base alone. Quality research articles are drowned out by editorials, commentaries, opinions, and literature reviews. More evidence is needed in each of the scientific areas that analyze conflict of interest. Scientific journals and public institutions use names without specifying the variations and nuances of the concepts: public declaration of interest, links of interest, conflicts of interest, financial links or conflicts; non-financial links or conflicts, competing interests, disclosure, relationships and activities. Researchers call for more research and regulation in the interest of citizens and of confidence in the health system.
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Cech, Vladimir, et Robert Istok. « ENVIRONMENTALLY CONDITIONED CONFLICTS AND THE EMERGENCE OF DYSFUNCTIONAL STATES ». Dans 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s23.77.

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The issue of environmentally conditioned conflicts is extremely topical in the current geopolitical situation. The current, in many cases, uneven and unregulated economic and population growth, together with the ever-increasing global consumption, causes many countries to face a growing shortage of vital renewable resources, such as drinking water, arable land, pastures, forests, fish resources, etc. Depletion and excessive use of natural resources, combined with environmental degradation and climate change, is one of the factors threatening the safety of mankind. In particular, governments in developing countries, unstable states and developing economies are under increasing pressure to sustainably manage natural resources and resolve environmentally-related conflicts with many accompanying phenomena � armed conflict, migration, famine, disintegration of state structures. One of the possible consequences of environmental conflicts is the failure of the functioning of the state and the emergence of so-called dysfunctional states. The presented contribution deals with the mutual relationship between environmentally conditioned conflicts and dysfunctional states. Using specific examples, we analyze individual cases and make a typology of environmentally conditioned conflicts in relation to dysfunctional states.
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Guerrero, Sebastian, Juan Argote, Andre Carrel et Pierre-Emmanuel Mazare. « Policies to Address Conflicts Between Passenger and Freight Rail Service in the U.S. » Dans 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56003.

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A renewed interest in expanding passenger service on rail in the US faces challenges and opportunities in that most of the railroads are privately owned. Up to this point railroad network capacity has kept up with demand relatively well. However, signs of strain are apparent looking into the future as freight volumes increase with globalization and conflicts with passenger trains increase with the addition of more intercity and commuter lines. Case studies were conducted to understand the relationship between passenger and freight operations in the US and to identify areas of conflict and opportunities for improvement. Common conflicts arise from differing objectives and include cost sharing, safety, liability and infrastructure needs. Currently, public agencies and railroad companies deal with these conflicts through an outdated regulatory framework that in many cases does not serve the interests of either party; improvements here are possible. Additionally, a greater use of hybrid agreements where government agencies fund capacity improvements for passenger and freight operations simultaneously may offer the best approach for dealing with these conflicts and adapting the rail network to meet demands into the future.
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Melot, Romain, et Jean-Christophe Paoli. « Conflicts and concertations on the use of littoral spaces in Corsica ». Dans 2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iseima.2006.344974.

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Ervin, Robert D., Jeffrey L. Stein, Nicolas Zachariou, Scott E. Bogard et Kurt Kleinsorge. « Predicting Probability of Encroachment Conflicts Posed by Adaptive Cruise Control ». Dans ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0317.

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Abstract Designers of innovative control systems for vehicles such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) lack tools for assessing the impact of their product on driver/vehicle performance. This paper describes a methodology for predicting the occurrence and severity of stereotypical motion conflicts identified for a ACC system design and vehicle platform. The idea is to represent the ACC system and the vehicle’s response characteristics in a mechanistic manner while the conflict variables are considered per their probability distributions as seen in empirical data. The methodology presented includes: dynamic and regression models of vehicle and ACC systems, conflict scenarios, conflict measures, condition variables embedded in empirical databases, and the processing of results to express conflict occurrence as cumulative density functions. Six conflict scenarios have been observed in field tests, with one of these that addresses the overshoot in headway that may accrue when approaching a slower moving vehicle from long range used as an example. The condition variables such as the prevailing vehicle speeds, longitudinal grade and the road curvature are varied, as appropriate, in accordance with the probability distributions seen in actual highway service. Obtaining results for a single scenario requires Monte Carlo simulations. To decrease the computational cost, a regression equation is developed for use in efficiently predicting performance over the full matrix of operating condition variables. Computed results are shown and discussed in light of the design decisions that face manufacturers concerned with introducing ACC products.
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Moomen, Abdul-Wadood, et Ashraf Dewan. « Mining, agricultural space and land use conflicts : The role of local government ». Dans 2015 Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2015.7248103.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Conflicts of use"

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Owens, Barbro A. Military Power and Low Intensity Conflicts -- Can LICs (Low Intensity Conflict) Be Licked without the Use of Threat or Force ? Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207382.

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Dayton, Emily. The Creative Use of Dance/Movement Therapy Processes to Transform Intrapersonal Conflicts Associated with Sexual Trauma in Women. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.386.

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Rosinska, Olena. Образи батьків у молодіжних серіалах : наратив протистояння. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11748.

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The subject of the research in the publication is the method of parents-children conflicts construction and the typology of parents’ images in teen serials of Ukraine and Poland. For analysis such series as “School” (Ukraine, 2017), “First sparrows” (Ukraine (2020), “Sex, Insta and ZNO” (Ukraine, 2021), “Sexify” (Poland, 2021) have been chosen; that allows drawing parallels between these media products made at different time, specify the methods of reflecting the conflicts between parents and children, peculiarities in constructing the parents’ images in each of the series, typology of the images due to psychological problems actualized in the series. The purpose of the research is to specify media narratives in representing the parents-children conflict and images formation based on the material of teen series. The purpose of the research can be reached due to the application of content analysis as a system research technique for objective description of the available content of communication in media material; such methods of analysis as comparison, synthesis, narrative analysis. Due to the use of the above methods, the following results have been reached: summarized the typology of conflicts in the series specified outlining those storylines and characters related to these conflicts, in particular, the conflict of opinions, values and behavior; determined and systemized typological images of parents in the series being researched – aggressive parents, parents imposing their own vision of the future on a child, making them implement parents’ own dreams and comply with the stereotypes topical for them; asocial parents, parents who cannot cope with their own lives, etc.: write the narrative strategies of formation of these kinds of images. Thus, the research outlines particular media psychological problems related to the narratives in teen series made in Ukraine and Poland. The perspective of the research is the engagement of larger volume of media materials of the thematic group, determination of new problematic areas to deepen media psychological context. Key words: teen series, narrative, typology of images, conflict.
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Kelly, Luke. Humanitarian Considerations in Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR). Institute of Development Studies, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.106.

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This rapid literature review finds that disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) raises a number of humanitarian considerations, centred on the treatment of participants and the unintended consequences of the programmes. In particular, DDR undertaken during conflicts is linked to several protection risks and is difficult to implement in a neutral, equitable and humanitarian manner. By humanitarian concerns, this report means: • Some of the functions undertaken in DDR, • Humanitarian risks to individuals in DDR programmes, • Indirect risks of conflict arising from DDR programmes; DDR is a broad and multi-faceted process involving security, humanitarian and development aspects and actors, with wide-ranging impacts. Humanitarian actors do not undertake DDR, but they may support some DDR processes, and maybe affected by DDR or its effects. According to UN guidance and the academic literature, successful DDR will consider socio-economic conditions in the community, as well as for the ex-combatants. It should be attuned to the range of needs of participants and should abide by relevant international law. The political dynamics of a conflict or post-conflict situation shape the success of DDR. It was first used in post-conflict situations, but the increasing use of DDR in ongoing conflicts creates new difficulties. The failure or partial implementation creates many humanitarian problems. This may arise from a lack of resources; competing authorities (and particularly the co-option of DDR for war aims); ongoing conflict and instability; mistakes in implementation; and socio-economic conditions unconducive to successful reintegration. Unsuccessful DDR may see partially demobilised actors remain dangerous, or may fuel new grievances around the perceived unfairness of granting support to former combatants. There is a large body of evidence on the successes and failures of DDR programmes, how they vary over time and across contexts, and guidance on how to implement DDR. Relatively little refers explicitly to humanitarian concerns, but many of the issues covered can be characterised as humanitarian. DDR has been employed in many situations since the 1980s, meaning that it is not possible to comprehensively survey the guidance or case study evidence. Instead, this review focuses on the main areas where DDR can be said to raise humanitarian concerns, with a particular focus on the problems raised by DDR in ongoing conflicts.
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Seamans, Thomas, et Allen Gosser. Bird dispersal techniques. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, août 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207730.ws.

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Conflicts between humans and birds likely have existed since agricultural practices began. Paintings from ancient Greek, Egyptian, and Roman civilizations depict birds attacking crops. In Great Britain, recording of efforts at reducing bird damage began in the 1400s, with books on bird control written in the 1600s. Even so, the problem persists. Avian damage to crops remains an issue today, but we also are concerned with damage to homes, businesses, and aircraft, and the possibility of disease transmission from birds to humans or livestock. Bird dispersal techniques are a vital part of safely and efficiently reducing bird conflicts with humans. The bird must perceive a technique as a threat if it is to be effective. No single technique can solve all bird conflicts, but an integrated use of multiple techniques, each enhancing the other, generally provides relief.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, et Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers : Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
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Marchais, Gauthier, Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, Cyril Owen Brandt, Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Eustache Kuliumbwa, Olga Kithumbu, Issa Kiemtoré, Polepole Bazuzi Christian et Margherita Bove. Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts : Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.017.

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This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
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Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, Cyril Owen Brandt, Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Eustache Kuliumbwa, Olga Kithumbu, Issa Kiemtoré, Polepole Bazuzi Christian et Margherita Bove. Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts : Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.048.

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Résumé :
This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
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9

Vuille, Mathias. Climate Change and Water Resources in the Tropical Andes. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009090.

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This paper describes the challenges surrounding current and future water use in the tropical Andes by first reviewing the modern and future projected hydrological cycle and anticipated impacts on environmental services provided by glaciers and wetland vegetation. The discussion then elaborates on the current tensions and conflicts surrounding water use from a social and economic perspective, and ends by focusing on the challenges ahead and looking at possible solutions for more-sustainable and equitable future water use in the region.
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Apgar, Marina, Alamoussa Dioma, Fatoumata Keita et Jacqueline Hicks. Evaluating Systemic Action Research as a Participatory Peace-Building Intervention in Mali : Findings from Djenné and Mopti. Institute of Development Studies, août 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.026.

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This Working Paper presents the findings from an embedded theory-based evaluation of a participatory peace-building initiative implemented in the Djenné and Mopti cercles in Mali as part of the ‘Vestibule of Peace’ project. The project used Systemic Action Research (SAR) to first support diverse members of selected local communities to collect and analyse life stories through mapping the systemic drivers of conflict. This causal analysis motivated the generation of collective solutions to selected drivers through facilitated Action Research Groups (ARGs). The SAR approach as an alternative, participatory approach to peace-building aimed to engage and empower local actors to build their agency as they define and negotiate innovative pathways to achieve peace. The paper presents findings about how, for whom, and under what conditions the phases of the SAR process led to a number of outcome pathways: trust-building setting the conditions for the ARGs to be effective; direct resolution of long-standing conflicts through ARG actions; local ownership over and use of an inclusive and causal methodology for conflict resolution; and potential for collective ownership and agency to influence system dynamics.
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