Articles de revues sur le sujet « Confinement (fiction) »
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1
Paris, Yago. « Escaping Confinement ». Interactive Film and Media Journal 2, no 1 (30 janvier 2022) : 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ifmj.v2i1.1512.
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One of the most representative aspects of fiction films that address the COVID-19 pandemic is the insistent appearance of electronic devices (laptops, tablets, smartphones) to allow virtual communication between the main characters of the story. I claim that, in those films, the use of these devices and the images they produce is different from those that appeared in pre-pandemic cinema, and, as such, conveys different meanings to the filmed images. In order to explore these ideas, I will first study the ontology of phone footage imagery, to establish the main traits of this type of image. Afterwards, I will signal the differences between pre-pandemic and pandemic phone footage imagery, in order to understand the key formal traits that imply different meanings for each case. Finally, by analyzing some of the most relevant commercial films about the COVID-19 pandemic that have been produced so far (Songbird (2020), Locked Down (2021), Safer at Home (2021), Host (2020), and Ctrl+Alt+Trick/treat (2020)), I will intend to prove that in these fictions phone footage (as opposed to other electronic-device footage) addresses the desire to gain certain freedom in a scenario of confinement.
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Noad, Benjamin E. « Gothic Truths in the Asylum ». Gothic Studies 21, no 2 (novembre 2019) : 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2019.0021.
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This article suggests that Victorian Gothic prose fictions privilege the voices of madness, where, operating in the historical lunatic asylum, truth is encrypted. It begins by expanding upon the relevant background contexts of the nineteenth century, with focus upon the medicalisation of madness, and goes on to offer fresh critical interpretations of false confinement in two pinnacles of nineteenth-century Gothic fiction: the penny dreadful, The String of Pearls (1846–7), and Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). The article argues that Gothic writing simultaneously registers and articulates the silence of a madness that has been perceived to threaten rational speech; Gothic subverts the view of the mental asylum as guarantor of truth by demonstrating that this functional site is, by contrast, the generator of falsehoods.
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Jandrok, Thierry. « Les Visages de la pandémie ». Études sur la mort 158, no 2 (18 juillet 2023) : 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eslm.158.0225.
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Ce documentaire fiction retrace l’histoire d’une famille lors du confinement pendant la crise de la Covid. Il évoque la façon dont les morts ont pu être traités pendant cette période. Entre le silence des cités et l’indifférence des agents qui traitent avec les morts, nous assistons à une subtile plongée dans l’horreur. Histoire d’une famille ordinaire ou hommage discret à toutes les familles qui ne purent assister une dernière fois leurs défunts, ce docu-fiction rappelle les souffrances intimes que traversèrent des milliers de personnes. Il pose également des questions éthiques à propos de possibles pratiques mortuaires en période de pandémie.
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Morawiec, Arkadiusz. « After Bereza. Polish literature towards the Confinement Centre in Bereza Kartuska. 1939–2018 ». Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica 55, no 4 (31 décembre 2019) : 273–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.55.14.
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The article concerns the inclusion in the broadly understood Polish literature of the theme and motif of the Confinement Centre in Bereza Kartuska (1934–1939). I discussed in it the formation of the image of the concentration camp since it ceased its operation (in 1939), mainly defined by ideology and politics, including the politics of memory. I particularly focussed on works of literature regarding the Confinement Centre created after the Centre ceased its operations. Those include both recollections, mainly by communists (e.g. by Michał Mirski and Jan Wójcik), and works of fiction, including the short story Jestem by Leon Pasternak, the play Bereziacy by Karol Obidniak and Roman Sykała, and novels: Wzbierająca fala by Czesław K. Domagała, Król by Szczepan Twardoch, and Szakale by Robert Żółtek.
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Gregoriou, Christiana. « Monika Fludernik : Metaphors of Confinement : the Prison in Fact, Fiction and Fantasy ». Journal of Literary Semantics 50, no 1 (1 avril 2021) : 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jls-2021-2031.
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Quirk, Jack. « Book Review : Metaphors of Confinement : The Prison in Fact, Fiction, and Fantasy ». Law, Culture and the Humanities 16, no 3 (30 septembre 2020) : 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872120937590.
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Toker, Leona. « Metaphors of Confinement : The Prison in Fact, Fiction, and Fantasy by Monika Fludernik ». Partial Answers : Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 19, no 1 (2021) : 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pan.2021.0010.
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Logan, Peter Melville. « Imitations of Insanity and Victorian Medical Aesthetics ». Articles, no 49 (9 avril 2008) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017855ar.
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Abstract The pre-eminent figure in mid-Victorian psychological medicine, Dr. John Conolly had his reputation damaged in the 1850s by scandals linking him to cases of wrongful confinement, including one that figures in Charles Reade’s novel, Hard Cash. This essay looks at two major works Conolly published during the scandals and argues that they are responses to the charges against him. Both works focus on representations of insanity in art, rather than actual patients. “The Physiognomy of Insanity” (1858-59) is a series of essays on photographic portraits of asylum patients, and his essays prove to be more fictional than factual. A Study of Hamlet (1863) looks at the ambiguity of madness in Shakespeare’s portrayal of Hamlet, but it explains how Conolly understood the relationship between fact and fiction in cases of insanity. In both works, Conolly defends himself as an aesthete and defines his diagnostic method as a deliberate and necessary form of impressionism.
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Rodriguez-Cunill, Inmaculada, Joseph Cabeza-Lainez et Maria del Mar Lopez-Cabrales. « Art and the City Fiction in Japanese American Internment Camps : Sequels for Resiliency ». Arts 12, no 5 (11 septembre 2023) : 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12050195.
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This article delves into the creation a fictional city solely for the development of Japanese American internment camps and the way in which sustainable arts and crafts played a significant role in ensuring survival in such a hostile environment. To this aim, we searched the literature and reviewed archives, primarily from the American West Coast. We demonstrate that beyond adaptation to the circumstances, the visual representation of the new city’s settlement, founding, and daily activities, instead of adding to the typical panoptic or sombre prison imagery, remains inscribed in the images selected by the inmates, and that the use of such images precisely fostered the inmates’ resiliency. This leads us to deduce that such ’city fiction’ was necessary in this case for survival and endurance, and that its artistic representation was primarily incorporated into the State’s ideological apparatus. On the other hand, occasional fissures subtly seethed with the violence exerted in the camps. In this way, we conclude that the artistic activity itself justified the city fiction, among other situations, revealing the conditions of systemic violence and oppression faced by the internees. Within this framework, we deem that the artworks hereby generated constitute a paramount historical document for resiliency’s sake. The arguments contained herein are still relevant, because everywhere around the world, situations of exclusion and confinement of displaced immigrants, or simply those considered misfits, are repeated time and time again. Nor have we alleviated the issue in any way today, since we disregard the lessons learned from the past.
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Popa, Eugen Octav. « The Method and the Madness ». Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 23, no 1 (1 avril 2021) : 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2021.1.320.
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I highly recommend Hanganu-Bresch and Berkenkotter’s work to anyone who is interested in the vicissitudes of early psychiatric diagnosis, confinement and treatment. The book is well written and well documented. The reader benefits form the authors’ admirable knowledge on the evolution of psychiatry in the 19th century, the social co-creation of the institution of asylum and the many genres of discourse (from admission reports to science fiction) that have shaped these developments. While the book offers but a snapshot of a more extended historical process, I believe there is a lot to learn from such a snapshot.
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Pettigrew, Richard. « Form Seven Alpha ». After Dinner Conversation 4, no 10 (2023) : 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc202341093.
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Which punishment would you pick? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the narrator lives in a society with an extreme form of environmentalism. Society has decided that people should live in archology islands and that the area between the islands should be left as pristine, undisturbed nature. City residents may only pass between the islands of civilization, and through the forest separated them, in groups of seven, with a guide, one time per year. And this is the problem. The narrator’s sister suffers from depression and, even though he has already made the crossing once this year, he attempts an illegal crossing to check on, and support her. He is caught and made to choose between the approved forms of punishment that include, (1) induced sleep, (2) extra work duty, (3) solitary confinement, (4) torture, or (5) limited privileges for the remainder of his life. He chooses solitary confinement and it nearly drives him crazy, but the greater punishment is knowing his sister is alone, suffering through her own depression.
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King, Richard. « The Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage (review) ». China Review International 12, no 1 (2005) : 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2005.0140.
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Melissa, Purdue. « ‘Embowered in a mass of vegetation’ : Confinement and Predatory Plants in Fin-de-Siècle Fiction ». Victoriographies 13, no 1 (mars 2023) : 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2023.0478.
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In our present moment of ecological crises, stories about nature fighting back take on new significance. This article looks back at fin-de-siècle stories about predatory plants that entrap people, examining texts such as Edmond Nolcini's ‘The Guardian of Mystery Island’ (1896), H.G. Wells’ ‘The Flowering of the Strange Orchid’ (1894), and Lucy H. Hooper's ‘Carnivorine’ (1889). These stories focus on killer plants that grab and confine characters with their tentacle-like branches and vines, ultimately suffocating them in their foliage. Like other gothic monsters, these plants reveal societal anxieties (colonialism, women, degeneration, and so on) at moments of transition. Given our twenty-first-century anxieties about environmental destruction, we need to look back at ecophobic moments in earlier literature to understand, as Simon C. Estok argues in ‘Theorizing the EcoGothic’, ‘how monstrosity is central to an environmental imagination that locates the human as the center of all things good and safe’ (34). Ideally, this historical interrogation can help us transition to new and healthier relationships with our environments in the present.
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Wood, F. « Beyond the walls of the lunatic asylum : Christopher Hope’s early fiction ». Literator 25, no 2 (31 juillet 2004) : 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i2.255.
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This article examines an under-explored aspect of Christopher Hope’s early fiction: its capacity to suggest the potential for imaginative and psychological freedom through its comic, carnivalesque qualities. Hope produced various novels and stories set in South Africa during the 1950s and 1960s, including A Separate Development (1981), Black Swan (1987) and the short story collection Learning to Fly (1990). It is argued that Hope’s vision in these works tends to be perceived as essentially satirical, ultimately limited by bleakness and pessimism; while the carnivalesque, potentially liberatory aspects of his writing tend to be overlooked. By utilising comic and carnivalesque features Hope’s work indeed offers creative, liberated ways of apprehending reality. Mikhail Bakhtin’s discussion of the ability of the carnivalesque to open up new ways of seeing, through the “nonofficial” versions of reality that it proffers, is particularly relevant in this regard. It is argued that this latter aspect of Hope’s work is especially significant, bearing in mind the sense of constraint and confinement that seemed to dominate much of South African fiction during the apartheid era and that still remains a key concern in many postapartheid novels.
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Pearce, Richard. « Book Review : The Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp Through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage ». Journal of Asian and African Studies 40, no 1-2 (avril 2005) : 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909605053082.
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Walter, Susan. « Female Objectification in Two Short Stories by Emilia Pardo Bazán ». Anuari de Filologia Lleng�es i Literatures Modernes - LLM, no 10 (3 décembre 2020) : 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/aflm2020.10.4.
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In two short stories by the canonical author Emilia Pardo Bazán, “Primer amor” and “La argolla” we find a double-voiced discourse, which Elaine Showalter has suggested is very common in women’s fiction (1981: 204). In both of Pardo Bazán’s tales there are small objects that symbolically allude to women’s objectification in the patriarchal society of the time. The dialogue created between these two tales is noteworthy for a number of reasons, including their critical portrayals of romantic relationships, their symbolism, descriptive language and the narrative techniques employed. In this study I posit that both tales critique the objectification of women by the patriarchal society of the time by linking society’s tendency to objectify women with symbolic references to confinement.
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Lee, Christopher J. « The Workshop of Confinement : Political Quarantine and the Spatial Imagination in the Early Fiction of Alex La Guma ». MFS Modern Fiction Studies 67, no 2 (2021) : 272–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2021.0012.
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Kutrzeba, Kacper. « Polish Romanticism and the Discourses of Madness and the Mental Asylum ». Ruch Literacki 58, no 2 (1 mars 2017) : 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ruch-2017-0021.
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Summary This article deals with the problem of representation of psychiatric discourse and the mental asylum in the literature of Polish Romanticism. I am interested in both sides of the argument, i.e. the attempts to legitimize confinement in psychiatric institutions as well as the reasoning of the critics of that policy. My analyses, which draw on texts ranging from literary classics like Juliusz Słowacki’s Kordian to popular fiction (e.g. Ludwik Sztyrmer’s psychological thriller Phrenophagos and Phrenolestes and Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s short story Bedlam), suggest that the psychiatric discourse in 19th-century literature employed three basic strategies of representation, i.e. legitimation, subversion and functionalization. If a fresh interest in institutionalized psychiatry was one of the key characteristics of the rise of modern society, the literature of Polish Romanticism was certainly part of it, even if its approach was dominated by ideas and attitudes that were hardly novel.
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Shabbir Ahmad, Khadija Khalid et Azra Khanam. « Female Gothic, Modernity and the Aesthetics of Change : Demythologising the South in Eudora Welty ». Journal of Contemporary Poetics 7, no 1 (1 juin 2023) : 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54487/jcp.v7i1.3105.
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Eudora Welty, an American fiction writer, brings forth women’s issues and promotes feminist ethics in her writings: novels and short stories. Her stories reveal her concern with the extended subordination of women under machismo in Southern America. More significantly, her work highlights the growth of women’s liberal thinking during the development of modernity in the southern parts of America. She looks at the change in time and thought under modernity to examine the local culture and literature with a critical eye on the strict gender order in the South. Her fiction explores varied forms of oppression in marriage, kinship, and community structure of the changing South through female Gothicism. In depicting her female characters as fleeing spatial confinement for freedom and self-transformation, Welty develops an aesthetic of mobility that threatens the mythologized constructions of Southern culture. This eventually leads to a reactionary modernism that calls for the redefinition of identity and culture in the history of Southern America. For centuries, the South has been considered the most segregated, white-centric patriarchal society due to its particular culture, geography and history. The change in thought and culture caused by modernity becomes a threat to the customary plantation business as well as to the conservative male hierarchical order as it engenders a revision of women’s identity. This study may help in further research on Gothic literary studies in combination with discourses on culture and women’s identity in literary works.Keywords: Female Gothic, mythologized culture, modernity, Southern America, women’s identity
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Tanner, Harold M. « The Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage. Philip F. Williams , Yenna Wu ». China Journal 53 (janvier 2005) : 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20066049.
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Taylor, Cheryl. « ‘This Fiction, It Don't Go Away’ : Narrative as an Index to Palm Island's Past and Present ». Queensland Review 16, no 1 (janvier 2009) : 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600004955.
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From their foundation at the turn of the twentieth century, the remoteness from large population centres of Queensland's reserves for Aboriginal and Islander people was a key factor in maintaining them. Activism by the people themselves, reports and commentary by journalists, and research by historians like Charles Rowley, Raymond Evans, Henry Reynolds and Ros Kidd have raised the public's awareness of past and present reserve conditions. Although important in itself, the tide of events may seem to be of only marginal professional concern to students of literature, yet a question worth considering is whether textual analysis can contribute usefully to the reform process. In this essay I demonstrate a form that such a contribution might take, by examining an unofficial canon of texts associated with Palm Island. In some respects a representative place of confinement for Aboriginal and Islander people, Palm Island has been described as ‘the largest and historically most punitive of Queensland's reserves’ (Watson 1993: ix). I explore the texts for the insights they provide into the changing attitudes and understanding of whites and blacks, as the forces of repression and resistance have wrestled for dominance. My aim is to contribute to the conversations among Indigenous and non-Indigenous people that are presently shaping Palm Island's future.
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Băniceru, Ana-Cristina. « Gothic Discourse in Jeffrey Eugenides’s 'The Virgin Suicides' – Challenging Suburban Uniformity and (Re)Imagining “The Other” ». Linguaculture 9, no 2 (10 décembre 2018) : 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2018-2-0121.
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This paper argues that Jeffrey Eugenides, in his début novel, The Virgin Suicides, first questions and then challenges ‘the homeliness’ of the American suburbia by adopting an unsettling gothic discourse and by creating gothic subjects (the Lisbons). Gothic discourse includes the gothic tropes of confinement, persecution, alienation and contagion. My approach to the American Gothic tends to side with Siân Silyn Roberts who convincingly argues that this literary phenomenon questions the place of the individual in what he calls “a diasporic setting” (7). In eighteenth century Great Britain, Gothic fiction differentiates a literate middle class from “the other”, meaning other nationalities, ethnicities and cultures. The individual becomes a container of “cultivated sensibility” (Roberts 3). In America, this model was seriously challenged due to “a climate of ontological uncertainty and rapid demographic change” (Roberts 5). The cosmopolitan city, a place of invasion, of close proximity to the other, has become the perfect setting for gothic subjects, characterised by Roberts as mutable and adaptable. However, suburbia, with its apparent idyllic life, tries to uniformize the heterogeneous tendencies of the cosmopolitan city.
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Ishaque, Nausheen. « Empowerment through disempowerment : Harem and the covert female resistance in Fatima Mernissi’s Dreams of Trespass : Tales of a Harem Girlhood ». Cultural Dynamics 30, no 4 (novembre 2018) : 284–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374019828855.
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This article probes the dynamics of covert female resistance as evident in Fatima Mernissi’s only fiction work entitled Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood (1994). Mernissi’s memoir is a real account of her early childhood spent in a harem. The discussion explores the institution of the harem in terms of how it is believed to have disempowered/empowered its female inhabitants through history. With this in mind, it takes up a number of issues that surface in Fatima’s (Mernissi’s narrator in Dreams of Trespass) narrative, and which stand central to women’s situation in the harem of Fez. These include confinement and denial to spatial freedom to them, women’s desire to gain literacy and thus become intellectually enlightened, the potential of dreams, and one’s personal strength in transgressing the normative boundaries, and finally polygamy in the harem. The article argues how women’s disempowerment, designed by the patriarchal scheme of the harem life, ironically empowers them in specific ways. This view challenges the orientalist appropriations in relation to the female inhabitants of the place who are historically believed to be passive receivers of traditional patriarchy.
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Cathcart, Adam. « Book Review : Phillip F. WILLIAMS and Yenna WU, The Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage. » China Information 21, no 1 (mars 2007) : 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x070210010518.
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Bakken, Børge. « The Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp Through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage. By Philip F. Williams and Yenna Wu. [Berkeley, Los Angeles and London : University of California Press, 2004. xi+248 pp. $21.95 ; $55.00. ISBN 0-520-22779-4.] ». China Quarterly 182 (juin 2005) : 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005260265.
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By the “Great Wall of Confinement,” the authors refer to the prison camp system established by the Chinese Communist Party after 1949. The two crucial components of this system are the laogai system (laodong gaizao, translated in the book to “remolding through labour” rather than the more often used “reform through labour”), and the laojiao system (laodong jiaoyang) or “reeducation through labour.” Let me say at once that this book is much more than an analysis of the literature surrounding the phenomenon of the prison camps. Through memoirs from former inmates and reportage literature we learn many detailed facts about the Chinese camp system, details equally valuable to the legal and the social science scholar.The book describes in detail the daily life of the camps, the prison conditions and the system's methods of arrest, detention, solitary confinement, torture for confessions, famine, degradation of prisoners, and a range of practices showing the security forces' discretionary powers and the “flexibilities” of informal sentencing. The authors emphasize both the modern ideology of remoulding and the traditional legalist (fajia) roots of a “very malleable sort of law.” Williams and Wu commendably combine a range of valuable empirical detail with a more general theoretical analysis of the historical, cultural and systemic roots and practices of the camp system.The only exceptions to generally harsh conditions in the PRC camps were the special prisons for high-ranking persons like the famous Fushun prison in Liaoning province which contained the last Manchu emperor, Puyi, high-ranking prisoners of war such as former Kuomintang top military officers, and Japanese prisoners of war.
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Yick, Joseph K. S. « The Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage, by Philip F. Williams and Yenna WuThe Great Wall of Confinement : The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage, by Philip F. Williams and Yenna Wu. Berkeley, California, University of California Press, 2004. xi, 248 pp. $55.00 US (cloth), $21.95 US (paper). » Canadian Journal of History 41, no 2 (septembre 2006) : 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.41.2.430.
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Serpa, Nilo, et Gisele Alves Fernandes. « The Way of Entropy : from Lagrangian Modelling to Thermal Engineering ». CALIBRE - Revista Brasiliense de Engenharia e Física Aplicada 5 (20 décembre 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/calibre.v5.1476.
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<p>This article discusses the concept of entropy in an alternative thermodynamic view, demonstrating dialectically that the reversibility illustrated in common laboratory practice is only a local technical effect resulting from anthropic processes that slow down the irreversible advance of the disorder. Then, negative entropy is only a fiction stemming from the imaginationist idealism. The Lagrangian formalism is applied from the introduction of the idea of temporal confinement of thermal energy states, with time being interpreted as the basis of an evolutionary variable. The acceleration of entropy is formally presented independently of statistical mechanics.</p><p><br /><strong>Key words</strong>: thermodynamics, entropy, entropy acceleration, irreversibility.</p><p>=================================================================</p><p>O presente artigo discute o conceito de entropia numa visão termodinâmica alternativa, demonstrando dialeticamente que a reversibilidade ilustrada na prática laboratorial comum é apenas um efeito técnico local decorrente de processos antrópicos que desaceleram o avanço irreversível da desordem. Dessa forma, entropia negativa é uma ficção decorrente do idealismo imaginacionista. O formalismo Lagrangeano é aplicado a partir da introdução da ideia de confinamento temporal dos estados de energia térmica, com o tempo sendo interpretado como base de uma variável evolutiva. A aceleração da entropia é formalmente apresentada de modo independente da mecânica estatística.</p><p><br /><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: termodinâmica, entropia, aceleração da entropia, irreversibilidade.</p>
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Newbould, M.-C. « Solitary Confinement, Aloneness, and Sociability in Sterne ». Literature & ; History 32, no 2 (novembre 2023) : 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03061973231213032.
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Laurence Sterne develops his complex approach towards solitude throughout his fictional and non-fictional writings. Ranging between A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy, Bramine's Journal, Letters from Yorick to Eliza, and Sterne's sermons, this article explores how Sterne juxtaposes the pleasures of retirement with more painful loneliness, and the opportunities that each opens up for sometimes challenging self-contemplation. Various locations stimulate Sterne's engagement with this relationship in differing ways: simply, the enjoyable solitude of country retreat contrasts with the superficial busyness of city life; but for Sterne the opportunity to attain greater self-knowledge comes through his interactions with others. Alone, he must construct imaginary forms of sociability, especially with his beloved but absent Eliza, whom he brings into a fictive conversation through his writing. In the process, the quixotism of Sterne's sentimental authorial persona leads not to a performance of feeling, but to an embrace of human frailty and hopefulness alike.
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Wächter, Cornelia. « Monika Fludernik. 2019. Metaphors of Confinement : The Prison in Fact, Fiction, and Fantasy. Law and Literature. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 842 pp., 11 illustr., 10 tables, £ 105.00. » Anglia 140, no 2 (1 juin 2022) : 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2022-0024.
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Sheehan, Paul. « No Direction Home : Molloy, Travelogue, and Nomadic Modernism ». Journal of Beckett Studies 26, no 1 (avril 2017) : 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jobs.2017.0185.
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The dialectic of movement and rest can be seen at work throughout Beckett's oeuvre, but it is particularly evident in the Trilogy. Rather than treat the trio of novels as a work-in-regress, however – from the two protagonists’ wanderings in Molloy to the tales of confinement and inertia in the sequels – this article shows how the motion / stasis pair is brought together in Molloy. On the one hand, there are generic traces here of ‘travel writing’, given that Molloy and Moran are travellers who (as narrators) record their peregrinations; on the other, Molloy illuminates these traces via Deleuze and Guattari's elucidation of nomadism, a theoretical rationale that can help us to understand what governs the movements of Molloy and Moran throughout the novel. I argue that Beckett, as the most celebrated exemplar of late modernism, provides a pathway whereby first-wave modernism in the interwar period is transformed into continental theory in the decades after the war. Although versions of this modernism-into-theory hypothesis have been posited since at least the 1980s, none of them has attempted to ascertain the specific nexus or juncture whereby modernist writing is transfigured into theoretical reflection. This article proposes that Molloy be read as a potential site for such a rearticulation – for demonstrating how the alienated modernist loner of so much fiction and poetry earlier in the century can be aligned with the theoretical tenets that inform and illuminate deterritorialised wandering. This is complicated by the fact that Molloy and Moran follow two very different nomadic trajectories. Indeed it is, finally, the latter that exemplifies vagrant movement across physically deterritorialised space, thus providing the more useful model for the protean, suggestive formation that is ‘nomadic modernism’.
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Roberts, Trask. « Deconfining Translation in Samuel Beckett's Le Dépeupleur and The Lost Ones ». Journal of Modern Literature 46, no 3 (mars 2023) : 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jmodelite.46.3.08.
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Abstract: Le Dépeupleur (1970), Samuel Beckett's short work of prose translated by the author himself as The Lost Ones (1972), crafts a scenario in which 200 bodies are confined to a squat cylinder with scant more than a square meter each and only the rumor of an exit. The confinement Beckett imposes on these dehumanized bodies goes beyond the spatial, and also manifests itself on temporal, linguistic, and narrative planes. Beckett's two versions of the text (English and French) engage each other in ways that both reinforce the confined nature of this fictional universe as well as generate possibilities for liberation.
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Roberts, Trask. « Deconfining Translation in Samuel Beckett's Le Dépeupleur and The Lost Ones ». Journal of Modern Literature 46, no 3 (mars 2023) : 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jml.2023.a901935.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: Le Dépeupleur (1970), Samuel Beckett's short work of prose translated by the author himself as The Lost Ones (1972), crafts a scenario in which 200 bodies are confined to a squat cylinder with scant more than a square meter each and only the rumor of an exit. The confinement Beckett imposes on these dehumanized bodies goes beyond the spatial, and also manifests itself on temporal, linguistic, and narrative planes. Beckett's two versions of the text (English and French) engage each other in ways that both reinforce the confined nature of this fictional universe as well as generate possibilities for liberation.
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Obermayr, Julia, et Yvonne Völkl. « ¡Ni te me acerques ! (Stay Away!) Negotiating Physical Distancing in Hispanophone Corona Fictions ». Altre Modernità, no 28 (30 novembre 2022) : 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7680/19125.
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In March 2020, more than 100 governments around the world imposed partial or full lockdown policies prohibiting people to leave their homes except for activities deemed essential (e.g. procuring food, going to work) to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmissions. Furthermore, authorities, media and peers encouraged people to adopt physical distancing behaviors, requesting not to touch each other and even keep a distance of at least one to two meters from one another.
Cultural and literary productions—so-called Corona Fictions—represent and process the multitude of ways the population perceived and coped with the lockdown situation during the pandemic and its diverse effects. While literary texts written during confinement and published in anthologies focus on emotional states enhanced by the psychological impact of the lockdown, the narratives in films such as Norberto Ramos del Val’s ¡Ni te me acerques! (2020) focus on negotiating the process of physical distancing itself.
This contribution will, thus, look at the representations of physical distancing in written and audiovisual productions from the first lockdown and analyze the similarities therein. From a cultural studies point of view, we are particularly interested in the ways these Corona Fictions negotiate physical distancing, isolation and self-reflection in their narratives of the respective medium.
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Kucała, Bożena. « Walking to Stay Alive : Sarah Moss’s Lockdown Novel The Fell ». American & ; British Studies Annual 15 (21 décembre 2022) : 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46585/absa.2022.15.2428.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sarah Moss’s novel The Fell (2021), set during the second lockdown in Britain, is an instance of fiction’s engagement with the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Written in the midst of the calamity, the novel presents events from the limited perspective of an individual whose personal crisis is intensified by her enforced isolation and confinement. Spanning only one night, the story recounts the protagonist’s quarantine-breaking walk on the hills of the nearby Peak District as her way of coping with the overwhelming situation. This article analyses the character’s retreat into nature as her instinctive reaction to societal pressures. Drawing on Frédéric Gros’s A Philosophy of Walking and Henry David Thoreau’s essay Walking, this article centres on the trope of walking in Moss’s novel, positing that the heroine is an incarnation of Thoreau’s “walker errant.” It is argued that for Kate communing with nature, perceived as a site of otherness and an ever-renewing cycle of life and death, is vital for her spiritual balance, but it has also become a survival strategy during the current crisis.
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Maurer, Yael. « Consuming Desire in Under the Skin ». Humanities 9, no 2 (4 mai 2020) : 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9020039.
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Jonathan Glazer’s 2013 film Under the Skin is a Gothicized science fictional narrative about sexuality, alterity and the limits of humanity. The film’s protagonist, an alien female, passing for an attractive human, seduces unwary Scottish males, leading them to a slimy, underwater/womblike confinement where their bodies dissolve and nothing but floating skins remain. In this paper, I look at the film’s engagement with the notions of consumption, the alien as devourer trope, and the nature of the ‘other’, comparing this filmic depiction with Michael Faber’s novel on which the film is based. I examine the film’s reinvention of Faber’s novel as a more open-ended allegory of the human condition as always already ‘other’. In Faber’s novel, the alien female seduces and captures the men who are consumed and devoured by an alien race, thus providing a reversal of the human species’ treatment of animals as mere food. Glazer’s film, however, chooses to remain ambiguous about the alien female’s ‘nature’ to the very end. Thus, the film remains a more open-ended meditation about alterity, the destructive potential of sexuality, and the fear of consumption which lies at the heart of the Gothic’s interrogation of porous boundaries.
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Mondol, Md Shamim, et Md Samiul Islam. « Walking as Space Making by Humayun Ahmed’s Himu ». Green University Review of Social Sciences 7, no 1-2 (6 novembre 2022) : 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/gurss.v7i1-2.62695.
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A city space beyond its structural execution by the planners and administrators is consistently acted out by those who perform daily practices in those spaces. A walker as a regular practitioner appropriates the space, invents and inscribes stories there causing transgression in the imposition by the dominant structures and cultures. Humayun Ahmed, a well-known writer in Bangladeshi literature, has created the popular juvenile fictional character Himu, as a walker in the streets of Dhaka with no confinement encountering others and rewriting stories and histories unacknowledged in dominant discourses. This paper studies Himu, the quintessential walker, as a space-producing agency that problematizes many of the taken-for-granted practices in the streets. He routes through the streets of Dhaka and orchestrates before us multiple stories. With insights from de Certeau’s “Walking in the City” from The Practice of Everyday Life, this paper focuses on walker Himu and shows his space-creating activities as digressive as well as transgressive in creative ways to dismantle the dominant culture which are commonly acted out by the common practitioner in the streets.
Green University Review of Social Sciences Dec 2021; 7(1-2): 201-207
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LEONE, Massimo. « Mirrors, Selfies, and Alephs : A Semiotics of Immobility Travelogues ». Cultura 18, no 2 (1 janvier 2021) : 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022021.0006.
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Abstract: The article focuses on past epidemics and previous confinements, looking for the art of journeying through immobility. It rekindles the plague that ravaged the city of Turin in the 1630s, as well as Xavier de Maistre who, confined in the military citadel in 1790, wrote the Voyage autour de ma chambre, perhaps the first example of modern ‘anodeporics’, a neologism to designate immobility travelogues. The essay then explores other pandemics and subsequent attempts at imitating De Maistre. First, it concentrates on Wilkie Collins, the author of the 1852 short story “A Terribly Strange Bed”, who remained stranded with his father William, the painter, at the frontier of the Kingdom of Piedmont because of the cholera that broke out there in 1836. Second, it bears on Almeida Garrett, who resisted the siege of typhus-struck Oporto in 1832-3 and, ten years later, penned another classic of ‘anodeporics’, Viagens na minha terra, also inspired by De Maistre. After consideration, from the perspective of semiotics, of what is needed to “journeying throughout immobility”, the essay ends with a study of the most famous anodeporic tale in world literature, also containing ironic quotes by De Maistre: Jorge Luis Borges’ El Aleph, named after a fictional device for mystical travel confined in a basement of 1940s Buenos Aires. The conclusion of this semiotic exploration through pandemics, lockdowns, and immobility travelogues is simple: in case of forced immobility, the practice of exploring space through time can be replaced by the alternative practice of exploring time through space.
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Stuit, Hanneke. « Metaphors of confinement : the prison in fact, fiction and fantasy ». Textual Practice, 12 novembre 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2020.1844425.
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Zim, Rivkah. « Metaphors of confinement : the prison in fact, fiction, and fantasy ». European Journal of English Studies, 15 février 2023, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2022.2162261.
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Othman, Ahlam Ahmed Mohamed. « Truth in Fiction is Truth Infection : A Study of Emma Donoghue’s Room ». Studi irlandesi. A Journal of Irish Studies 13 (31 juillet 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/sijis-2239-3978-14626.
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Inspired by the 2008 Austrian case of Fritzl, who locked his daughter in a basement for twenty-four years, raped her repeatedly and fathered her seven children, three of whom he imprisoned with her, Emma Donoghue’s Room (2010) is not a mere retelling of the actual story of kidnap and escape. Donoghue’s fictional universe is comprised of several possible fictional worlds: a metafictional world that implicitly directs the model reader’s attention to the process of fictive composition, a “superfictional” world that takes the shape of moments of enlightenment, a “subfictional” world that houses the author’s beliefs and memories that are not in focal awareness, and a “nonfictional” world that houses the author’s repressed thoughts that are hidden. The present study aims at unraveling these possible fictional worlds in a novel the naïve reader receives as a five-year-old boy’s account of his confinement and subsequent escape to the outside world.
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Wrobel, Claire. « Monika Fludernik, Metaphors of Confinement : the Prison in Fact, Fiction and Fantasy ». Revue d’études benthamiennes, no 19 (30 janvier 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudes-benthamiennes.9059.
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Ramos, Rubén Marín. « Confined Cinema. The spatial limitation in non-fiction cinema ». AVANCA | CINEMA, 25 octobre 2021, 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37390/avancacinema.2021.a266.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article deals with a series of film and video works shot within reduced spatial parameters. It is not a selection of works made during the confinement caused by the current pandemic crisis, but rather non-fiction films, throughout the history of cinema, whose filmmakers have been aware of the importance of creating a specific spatial framework, which allows them to dispense with telling a story or following certain conventions of documentary filmmaking. Here, as in a site-specific artwork, the filmmakers allow themselves to be guided by the conditions presented by the situation to be filmed. Some of these works are made by filmmakers such as Frederick Wiseman, Harun Farocki, Marc Isaacs or Victor Kossakovsky, among others, who advocate concreteness and determination and whose restrictive procedures are today the antithesis of the current way of working in cinema, where the enormous facilities offered by digital technology leads to an excess of indecisive shots that contribute little or nothing to the works.
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« The great wall of confinement : the Chinese prison camp through contemporary fiction and reportage ». Choice Reviews Online 42, no 08 (1 avril 2005) : 42–4957. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-4957.
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Clark, Lauren Rebecca. « Creative and non-fiction writing during isolation and confinement : imaginative travel, prison, shipwrecks, pandemics, and war ». Textual Practice, 14 octobre 2022, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2022.2132696.
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Tojal Sierra, L., R. Soria Navarro, I. Juanes Dominguez, E. Saez De Buruaga, E. Virosta Gil, Z. Fernandez Fernandez De Leceta, M. J. Apodaca Arrizabalaga et al. « Covid-19 pandemic's impact on management of cardiovascular risk factors in a Phase IIIs period of a cardiac rehabilitation program, fact or fiction ? » European Heart Journal 42, Supplement_1 (1 octobre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2680.
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Abstract Introduction The global pandemic due to Covid-19 has constituded a challenge in the follow up and monitoring of cardiac rehabilitation's programs. The State of alarm declared last year in Spain, led to strict home confinement that could have had an impact in the progress of patients Aim To analyze the effect of home confinement on the managment of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in patients included in phase III of a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) and also to evaluate the self-care education received during CRP. Methods and materials Descriptive, comparative and retrospective analysis of patients in phase III of a CRP. The sample was divided into two groups: Post-Covid group (consecutive CRP patients with follow up one year after the cardiac event from 6/21/2020 [date of end of home confinement in Spain] to 12/31/2020) and Group Pre-Covid (consecutive CRP patients with follow up one year after the cardiac event from 6/21/2019 to 12/31/2019). Demographic and CVRF data from end of phase II consultation were compared with those from the phase III consultation (one year after the event) for both groups. The SPSS statistics v23 program was used for statistical analysis. Results 283 patients, 137 patients from the pre-Covid group and 146 patients from the post-Covid group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two populations (Table 1). No statistically significant differences were found in the achievement of the CVRF target values: systolic blood pressure <140mmHg (94 vs 107; p=0.216), diastolic blood pressure <90mmHg (121 vs 130, p=0.276), LDL-c <70 mg/dl (86 (71.7%) vs 89 (73.6%); p=0.743), LDL-c <55 mg/dl (41 (34.2%) Vs 47 (38.8%); p=0.451), HbA1c figure <7% (106 vs 111; p=0.478), baseline fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl (103 vs 107; p=0.970). Regarding the variation of the CVRF figures between the final consultation of phase III and that of phase II, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups: difference in LDL-c figure for phase III consultation with respect to phase II (−0.5±20.3 mg/dl in pre-Covid group vs −5.3±24.4 mg/dl in post-Covid group; p=0.102), difference in HDL-c (4.6±26.1 mg/dl pre-Covid group vs −0.6±24.9 mg/dl post-Covid group; p=0.113), difference in total cholesterol level (4.6±26.1 mg/dl vs −0.6±24.9 mg/dl; p=0.113), difference in HbA1c (0.1±0.3% in pre-Covid group vs 0.1±0.6% in group post-Covid), Table 2. Conclusions Home confinement has not contribute to a worsening in CVRF control in patients in a phase III of a CRP, in our study. The education given in a CRP concerning to the management of CVRF is the essential factor that grant an adequate patient control in extraordinary circumstances. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
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Cheang, Shu Lea, et With Paula Gardner and Stephen Surlin. « 3x3x6 – 9 Sq.m. and 6 Surveillance Cameras ». Catalyst : Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 7, no 2 (26 octobre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v7i2.37644.
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The title of Shu Lea Cheang’s 3x3x6 which represented Taiwan at Venice Biennale 2019 derives from the 21st century high-security prison cell measured in 9 square meter and equipped with 6 surveillance cameras. As an immersive installation, 3x3x6 is comprised of multiple interfaces to reflect on the construction of sexual subjectivity by technologies of confinement and control, from physical incarceration to the omnipresent surveillance systems of contemporary society, from Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon conceptualized in 1791 to China’s Sharp Eyes that boasts 200 million surveillance cameras with facial recognition capacity for its 1.4 billion population. By employing strategic and technical interventions, 3x3x6 investigates 10 criminal cases in which the prisoners across time and space are incarcerated for sexual provocation and gender affirmation. The exhibition constructs collective counter-accounts of sexuality where trans punk fiction, queer, and anti-colonial imaginations hacks the operating system of the history of sexual subjection. This Image and Text piece intersperses images from the exhibition with handout texts written by curator Paul B. Preciado (against a grey background), as well as an interview between special section co-editor Paula Gardner and the artist that brings the extraordinary exhibition into further conversation with feminist technoscience scholarship. The project website is available at https://3x3x6-v2.webflow.io/.
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KIRYAMAN, Erkin. « DORIS LESSING’İN THE FIFTH CHILD VE BEN, IN THE WORLD ADLI ESERLERİNDE İTAATSİZ BEDEN VE DÜZEN MEKANİZMALARI ». Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 26 février 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1336327.
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Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child (1988) and Ben, in the World (2000) narrate the tragic story of Ben Lovatt who is identified as the anomalous fifth child in the Lovatt family. Set in London in the 1960s, with its focalisation on Ben’s early childhood, from his mother’s pregnancy to his confinement into his cot after his birth, The Fifth Child navigates through the ideological construction of Ben’s self through power and isolation. Ben, in the World, on the other hand, maintains Ben’s story from his eighteenth year and presents his strife for survival in a social world in which he is forced to be a member of society with his social self and social body. While both works can be regarded as the adventures of Ben, who is isolated and alienated from his family and society, they also draw social environs in which Ben’s body is constructed via the discursive mechanisms of otherness and wildness. Ben’s othered self and body are foregrounded by abnormal corporeal relations and unhuman depictions throughout Lessing’s fiction. In this sense, this study focuses on the trajectories of Ben’s body in these narratives to discuss Ben’s unruly body which is forced to be regulated by the familial, social and institutional mechanisms of power.
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« “Particle of God” as insulting of the Divine Principle ». International Journal of Theoretical & ; Computational Physics, 26 avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47485/2767-3901.1010.
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The author’s research has shown that fundamental magnetic poles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance. It is the magnetic poles, and not the moving electric charges are the direct sources of all magnetic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. The main reasons that real magnetic charges were “buried alive” in modern theories are the physics of its confinement in substance which is radically different from the confinement of electrons, as well as the vicious electromagnetic theory (electric magnetism) of Maxwell (1873). The vicious ignoring of real magnetic charges, as well as true anti-electrons in physical science for almost 150 years is responsible for the appearance of such global theoretical delusions as the curvature of 4-dimensional space-time, explaining the nature of gravity, the global expansion of the Universe and the big bang. Annihilation of particles in the pairs particle - antiparticle and many, many others. The author’s experiments have shown that the gravitational field is the vortex electromagnetic field, and all varieties of Physical Mass (FM) are of the electromagnetic atom-figurative structures, which are capable of emitting gravitational field. The masses are, for example, atoms and nucleons. If magnetic charges are removed from the FM composition, then only electric particles will remain in this “place” which themselves, without the participation of magnetic poles, are not able to form either mass or gravitational field. All fundamental electric and magnetic particles are not and cannot become masses, and even “God particles” cannot change anything here. The notion the famous Higgs boson and its main purpose - to give mass to particles is of just a vicious theoretical fiction and a sad result of following erroneous electromagnetic concept of Maxwell. In addition, there is no division of Masses into gravitational and inert ones. The concepts of gravitational and inert mass refer to the same electromagnetic structure, called Mass, but they correspond to different processes of interaction of its gravitational field with other masses (so-called gravitational mass) and the environment (so-called inert mass). As for spinor particles, that is, charged particles, they have the property of inertia, however, this circumstance cannot bind these particles with of a real mass.
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« A Study of Political Struggle In Nadine Gordimer ». Central European Management Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57030/23364890.cemj.30.4.95.
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Nadine Gordimer’s 1979 novel, Burger’s Daughter, makes a valuable contribution to the corpus of prison writing by responding to the socio-historical specificities of the South African prison during the apartheid regime. Drawing on Barbara Harlow’s work on women and political detention, and with reference to Ruth First’s memoir, 117 Days: An Account of confinement and interrogations under the South African ninety-day detention law (1965), this article offers an analysis of the potential for writing—both as fiction and memoir—to reinstate to the official historical record women’s roles in the anti-apartheid movement and their subsequent political detention. It explores how the apartheid regime intended prison not for rehabilitation but as a space of deactivation and invisibility. Prison is, however, a world apart, a liminal space which is simultaneously conducive to political struggle and deactivation, violence and communitas. This article begins by exploring how apartheid prison was both a space of deactivation and of resistance for women activists. It then moves to examine how both these contradictory aspects are registered, briefly, in Ruth First’s memoir, 117 Days and, to a larger extent, in Nadine Gordimer’s Burger’s Daughter. First’s memoir depicts the prison as a space that imposes inertia while also allowing for moments of solidarity between incarcerated activists. Similarly, in Gordimer’s novel, the journey of Rosa, the eponymous Burger’s daughter, takes her from outside of the prison to inside it, and from feeling alienated to feeling belonging as she endures transformation that is spatial and spiritual, personal and political.
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Teggin, Edward Owen. « Space and Anxiety in the Colonial Novel : The Concepts of Sanctuary and Confinement in Burmese Days, Max Havelaar, Kim and Midnight’s Children ». Scientia - The International Journal on the Liberal Arts 11, no 1 (31 mars 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.57106/scientia.v11i1.7.
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This article examined the notion of colonial anxiety through the concept of space in the colonial setting, particularly through the usage of signifiers found in colonial literature. The four case studies used are Burmese Days by George Orwell, Max Havelaar by Multatuli, Kim by Rudyard Kipling, and Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie. These have been investigated in terms of the supposed sanctuary and feeling of unease that the private colonial spaces they present offer to their characters. In this way, it has been argued that private colonial spaces can be discussed in terms of both positive and negative signifiers for those using them. Highlighting the effect of colonial anxiety, this piece is primarily interested in the negative connotations and how the characters deal with these challenges. The emphasis on space focuses on individual locations and structures and how they impacted those inhabiting them, aiming to flag active signifiers of anxiety in terms of space, which connect to the wider debate into colonial anxiety at the literary level. References Author, (2021). Bijl, Paul, Emerging Memory: Photographs of Colonial Atrocity in Dutch Cultural Remembrance. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2015. Blunt, Alison. “Imperial Geographies of Home: British Domesticity in India, 1886-1925”, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 24(4), (1999). 421-440. Bosma, Ulbe, “The Cultivation System (1830-1870) and its Private Entrepreneurs on Colonial Java’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies”, 38(2), (Jun., 2007). 275-291. Claiborne Park, Clara. “Artist of Empire: Kipling and Kim”, The Hudson Review, 55(4), (Winter, 2003). 537-561. 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Liddle, Joanna and Rama Joshi. “Gender and Imperialism in British India.” Economic and Political Weekly, 20(43), (Oct. 26, 1985). 72-78. Lubina, Michal. “Overshadowed by Kala.” Politeja, 40, Modern South Asia: A Space of Intercultural Dialogue, (2016). 435-454. Multatuli, Max Havelaar, or The Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company, Nahuÿs, Alphonse (trans). Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas, 1868. O’Reilly, Michael F. “Postcolonial Haunting: Anxiety, Affect, and the Situated Encounter.” Postcolonial Text, 3(4), (2007). 1-15. Orwell, George, Burmese Days. London: Penguin Books, 2009. Parry, Ann. “Recovering the Connection Between Kim and Contemporary History,” in Kim: A Norton Critical Edition, Rudyard Kipling (Author), Zohreh T. Sullivan (ed), Norton, (New York, 2002). Patel, Vikram, Mutambirwa, Jane and Nhiwatiwa, Sekai. “Stressed, Depressed, or Bewitched? A Perspective on Mental Health, Culture, and Religion.” Development in Practice, 5(3), (Aug., 1995), 216-224. Rege, Josna E. “Victim into Protagonist? “Midnight’s Children” and the Post-Rushdie National Narratives of the Eighties.” Studies in the Novel, 29(3), Postcolonialism, History, and the Novel, (Fall, 1997). 342-375. Riedi, Eliza. “Women, Gender, and the Promotion of Empire: The Victoria League, 1901- 1914.” The Historical Journal, 45(3), (Sept., 2002). 569-599. Rushdie, Salman, Midnight’s Children. London: Vintage Books, 2006. Scott, Nick. “The Representation of the Orient in Rudyard Kipling’s “Kim”’, AAA: Arebeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 39(2), (2014). 175-184. Sharma, Jyoti Pandey. “Sociability in Eighteenth-Century Colonial India: The Nabob, the Nabobian Kothi, and the Pursuit of Leisure.” Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 31(1), (Fall 2019). 7-24. Targosz, Tobiasz (Author) and Zuzanna Slawik (Trans). “Burmese Culture Suring the Colonial Period in the Years 1885-1931: The World of Burmese Values in Reaction to the Inclusion of Colonialism.” Politeja, 44, Jagiellonian Cultural Studies Human Values in Intercultural Space (2016). 277-300. Upstone, Sara. “Domesticity in Magical-Realist Postcolonial Fiction: Reversals of Representation in Salman Rushdie’s “Midnight’s Children”.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 28(1/2), Domestic Frontiers: The Home and Colonization (2007). 260-284. Vann, Don J., Van Arsdel and Rosemary T. “Outposts of Empire.” in Periodicals of Queen Victoria’s Empire: An Exploration, J. Don Vann & Rosemary T. Van Arsdel (eds), University of Toronto Press, (Toronto, 1996). 301-332. Ward, Megan. “A Charm in Those Fingers: Patterns, Taste, and the Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine.” Victorian Periodicals Review, 41(3), (Fall, 2008). 248-269. Wilson, Jon E. The Domination of Strangers: Modern Governance in Easter India, 1780-1835, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010. Zook, Darren C. “Searching for Max Havelaar: Multatuli, Colonial History, and the Confusion of Empire.” MLN, 121(5), Comparative Literature Issue, (Dec., 2006). 1169-1189.