Thèses sur le sujet « Condition physiologique »
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Roussel, Benjamin. « Étude biochimique d’ABHD5 dans le syndrome de Dorfman-Chanarin et en condition physiologique ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD021/document.
Texte intégralABHD5 is a lipase activator whose mutations induce triacylglycerol accumulation called Dorfman–Chanarin syndrome (DCS). DCS is characterized by ichthyosiform erythroderma resulting from acanthosis and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. Ultrastructural findings include lipid droplets in basal and granular layers and abnormal lamellar bodies. The ichthyosis pathomechanism is unclear. Because some ichthyoses are associated with defective ceramide syntheses, we examined ceramides in 7 DCS patients. ABHD5 genetic analysis identified 4 different mutations, including 2 original, 1 missense and 1 large deletion. Epidermal ceramides were very low in all DCS patients but expression of ceramide genesis-related enzymes was minimally changed. Because ABHD5 might act indirectly on ceramides, we tried to identify ABHD5 partners. Three interactors were detected : perilipin-1, -2 and -3 (PLIN3) ; the latter is a new partner and involved in endosome transport through Rab9. PLA (protein proximity assay) demonstrated PLIN3’s physical closeness to ABHD5 in epidermis and PLIN3 was weakly expressed in DCS epidermis. These findings suggest that DCS-ichthyosis is linked to a trafficking defect of lamellar granules. Then we identified new ABHD5 alternative transcripts, 1 in mice (absence of exon 2) and 4 in human (absence of exon 6, 5, beginning of 6, 5 and 6). The full length ABHD5 and accessory bands were shown by western blot using human epidermis and fat extracts. The molecular weight of some of these bands was compatible with the predicted molecular weight of the isoforms encoded by these alternative transcripts. However, we were unable to identify these isoforms, nor the full length ABHD5 by mass spectrometry
Billat, Véronique. « Puissance critique déterminée par la lactatémie en régime continu d'exercice musculaire pour la validation d'une méthode d'évaluation de la capacité maximale aérobie ». Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10140.
Texte intégralFanet, Hortense. « Effets de l’administration de tétrahydrobioptérine en condition physiologique et pathologique : De la neurobiologie au comportement ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0458/document.
Texte intégralTetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the required cofactor for the activity of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of dopamine, serotonin and nitric oxide. BH4 is therefore necessary for many central and peripheral physiological processes including neurotransmission, inflammatory response, oxidative stress regulation, vascular and endothelial function, and metabolism. However, BH4 can be easily oxidized and degraded and decreased BH4 brain levels has been observed in many neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease and major depression. Consequently, the decrease in BH4 levels in these pathologies could contribute to the onset and aggravation of symptoms. Despite these observations, the effects of BH4 administration on brain function and related behavior remain largely unexplored. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the effects of peripheral BH4 administration on brain function and behavior in mice. We investigated the effects of BH4 on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and motivation in physiological condition and during acute inflammation. Then, we explored the therapeutic potential of BH4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We first demonstrated that BH4 crossed the blood-brain barrier and that a peripheral injection of BH4 increased its cerebral levels. Our results also showed that under physiological condition, BH4 administration potentiates dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens and motivated behaviors. In condition of acute LPS-induced neuroinflammation, BH4 administration helps to reduce neuroinflammation. Therefore, BH4 may have beneficial effects on dopaminergic and motivational disturbances induced by inflammation. In our second study, we demonstrated that chronic administration of BH4 reversed memory deficits observed in the transgenic triple murine model of Alzheimer's disease. We also observed a decrease in neuroinflammation and an improvement in glucose tolerance. However, these memory, metabolic and inflammatory improvements are not accompanied by a decrease in amyloid and tau pathologies. This work had contributed to a better characterization of the neurobiological and behavioral effects of the BH4 and reinforces its therapeutic potential
Dupaix, Amaël. « Impacts des modifications de l'habitat pélagique sur le comportement et la condition physiologique des thons tropicaux ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONG027.
Texte intégralTropical tunas, as many pelagic fish species are known to associate with floating objects (FOBs). If this associative behavior has been known for almost 2 millennia, the reasons underlying it are still largely unknown. Fishers exploit this associative behavior to facilitate the search and catch of fish. In particular, in the 1980s, industrial fishers began to build and deploy their own man-made floating objects, drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs). Since then, the deployment of DFADs has increased massively, which has several ecological impacts, on the environment and directly on marine species. This thesis focuses on DFADs ecological impacts on tropical tuna. DFADs impact tropical tuna directly by increasing purse seine fleets’ efficiency, yield and by expanding their fishing grounds. They also change species catch composition and increase the catch of small yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tunas. Besides these direct impacts (related with fishing mortality), DFADs could impact tropical tunas indirectly by their sole presence in the ocean. This thesis aims at (1) reviewing the indirect impacts of DFADs in tropical tuna, (2) quantifying the modifications induced by DFADs and other anthropic activities on tropical tuna surface habitat, and (3) characterizing the direct and indirect impacts of these modifications, considering tropical tuna behavior and condition.Based on a literature review, Chapter 2 outlines that DFADs do modify tropical tuna habitat, but quantitative characterizations are missing. There is a lack of clear converging scientific evidence on the indirect impacts of DFADs on the behavior and biology of tropical tuna. In the Western Indian Ocean, DFADs strongly increased FOB density, representing around 85 % of the encountered FOBs by observers onboard purse seine vessels (Chapter 3). Other human activities, like deforestation or climate change, did not induce any clear trend of natural floating objects density, suggesting that DFADs are the main driver of tropical tuna surface habitat modifications in the Indian Ocean (Chapter 4). The increase of DFAD density impacts the associative behavior of tropical tuna. A model of tuna behavior shows that this change strongly increased the percentage of their time individual tuna spend associated with FOBs, from 20 % to 68 % in the Western Indian Ocean (Chapter 5). DFADs also impact the associative behavior of tuna aggregations, which is also driven by biophysical characteristics of the environment (Chapter 6). Hence DFADs have a direct impact, through an increase of the time tropical tuna spend associated with FOBS, and consequently their catchability. The analysis of a 20-year dataset on size and weight of yellowfin tuna shows that the increase of FOB density induced by DFADs does not translate into a long-term impact on their condition in the Western Indian Ocean (Chapter 7). This calls for further investigation into the causal link between tuna association with DFADs and their low condition, which can be tested using the mathematical framework developed in Chapter 8.Finally, the work developed in this thesis allowed to improve our understanding of the impacts of DFADs on tropical tuna, which has several implications in terms of management. Further experimental and field work are needed to explore these potential impacts and long-term time series of indicators should be monitored to assess them. As DFADs indirect impacts can act as worsening factors on tuna populations, characterizing them is urgent. Also, this thesis brings new evidence on the reasons underlying tuna associative behavior with FOBs and on the resulting impacts of DFADs. In the Indian Ocean, the situation of tropical tuna stock is alarming, with both yellowfin and bigeye tunas being overexploited. The results of this thesis can help to better determine the impacts of DFADs on tropical tuna and thus contribute to improving the management of this common resource
Elseedy, Heba. « Rôle du réseau supramammillaire-gyrus dentelé en condition physiologique et dans les épilepsies du lobe temporal : une approche génétique ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0113.
Texte intégralMesial temporal lobe epilepsies are among the most common clinical forms of drug-resistant partial epilepsies in adults. These epilepsies are characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures associated with excessive and hypersynchronous discharges of neuronal populations generated by a multi-structural epileptogenic zone involving several regions of the limbic system. The Supramammillary nucleus (SuM) is innervating all limbic cortex. In rat, it has been shown to be involved in the control of hippocampal theta rhythms and associated functions such as REM sleep as well as emotional learning and memory. More recently, it was shown that the projections from neurons of lateral region of the SuM (SuML) that innervate the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) display a unique GABAergic and Glutamatergic neurotransmitter phenotype and this pathway is reorganized in epileptic animals. In this thesis,we demonstrated that: All the neurons from the SuML innervating the dDG co-express markers for both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions. Activation of this pathway increases theta power and frequency as well as gamma power during REM sleep and induced net firing of some GCs. The population of GABA/GLU SuML neurons innervating the dDG is heterogeneous. Among these neurons 70% contain calretinin whereas 30% do not. In epileptic mice the SuML-dDG pathway is reorganized . Our preliminary results using in vivo optogenetic show that activation or inactivation of this pathway do not modify the seizure duration. However, this pathway modulates the variability of the seizure frequency content
Pérez, Hernán Mauricio. « Performance musculaire chez les pétoncles Placopecten magellanicus et Argopecten purpuratus : effet de la condition physiologique et liens avec l'hétérozygotie ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21241.
Texte intégralMeillère, Alizée. « Influence de l’environnement urbain sur les passereaux : une approche éco-physiologique et éco-toxicologique ». Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS015/document.
Texte intégralConsistent expanding urbanization is certainly among the most important human-induced environmental changes facing our planet today, and thus raises important questions regarding the consequences of such environmental disturbance on biodiversity. Urban life is often characterized by constraining environmental conditions (e.g., fragmentation, degradation and loss of habitats, increased noise, light, and chemical pollutions) that can have detrimental effects on wild vertebrates. However, the mechanisms through which urbanization affects wildlife are still poorly understood. In this context, the main objective of this doctoral research is to improve our understanding of the influence of urbanization on vertebrate species that are able to live in urban environments. To this end, we explored both the global influence of urbanization and the impact of specific factors associated with urban life (heavy metals and noise pollutions) on passerine birds, using a mechanistic approach including eco-physiological and eco-toxicological studies. We demonstrated that urban passerines are not energetically constrained by their environment during their adult life, but conversely, that the altered environmental conditions of urban environments could constrain individuals during their development. Furthermore, we showed that urbanization is indeed associated with an increased heavy metal contamination, and most importantly, that higher levels of these contaminants are related to higher corticosterone levels (i.e., elevated stress levels). Finally, using an experimental approach to study the impact of noise pollution on several parameters that have often been overlooked (development, physiology, anti-predator behaviour), we showed that anthropogenic noise can have particularly complex effects on vertebrate’s development, with possible life-long consequences for developing birds. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of investigating the impact of human-induced environmental changes on the phenotypic development of individuals to better understand the influence of urban environments on vertebrate populations
Yacono-Lo-Luongo, Michel. « Le concept de seuil anaérobie : essai de corrélation entre les différents seuils décrits ». Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11146.
Texte intégralPerez, Cortes Hernan Mauricio. « Performance musculaire chez les pétoncles Placopecten magellanicus et Argopecten purpuratus : Effet de la condition physiologique et liens avec l`hétérozygotie ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26521/26521.pdf.
Texte intégralRiesco, Éléonor. « Effet de l'activité physique seule ou combinée à une diète sur le profil cardiométabolique et la qualité de vie chez la femme ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21210.
Texte intégralGeslin, Thomas. « Territorialité en périodes de reproduction et d'hivernage chez la gorgebleue à miroir (Luscinia svecica) : aspect écologique, démographique et physiologique ». Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10087.
Texte intégralJulien, Véronique. « Impact de l'activité physique combinée à une prise en charge multidisciplinaire sur la condition physique d'adolescents obèses ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25824.
Texte intégralAn inverse correlation has been reported between body mass index (BMI) and fitness. Low fitness represents a greater level of sedentariness, hence the importance of developing initiatives to improve the fitness of obese individuals. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of a 16-week multidisciplinary intervention program on aerobic capacity and motor skills of obese adolescents. Thirty-three obese adolescents (19 boys and 14 girls) aged from 11-16 years old participated in three sessions of endurance training per week during the program. At the end of the intervention, a significant decrease in BMI and waist circumference (WC) was observed in addition to a significant increase in motor skills. However, a return to reference values was observed for BMI and WC following the monitoring period, although some achievements regarding motor skills were preserved. These results indicate that a multidisciplinary intervention including an exercise program can have long term effects on motor skills.
Meillère, Alizée. « Influence de l’environnement urbain sur les passereaux : une approche éco-physiologique et éco-toxicologique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS015.
Texte intégralConsistent expanding urbanization is certainly among the most important human-induced environmental changes facing our planet today, and thus raises important questions regarding the consequences of such environmental disturbance on biodiversity. Urban life is often characterized by constraining environmental conditions (e.g., fragmentation, degradation and loss of habitats, increased noise, light, and chemical pollutions) that can have detrimental effects on wild vertebrates. However, the mechanisms through which urbanization affects wildlife are still poorly understood. In this context, the main objective of this doctoral research is to improve our understanding of the influence of urbanization on vertebrate species that are able to live in urban environments. To this end, we explored both the global influence of urbanization and the impact of specific factors associated with urban life (heavy metals and noise pollutions) on passerine birds, using a mechanistic approach including eco-physiological and eco-toxicological studies. We demonstrated that urban passerines are not energetically constrained by their environment during their adult life, but conversely, that the altered environmental conditions of urban environments could constrain individuals during their development. Furthermore, we showed that urbanization is indeed associated with an increased heavy metal contamination, and most importantly, that higher levels of these contaminants are related to higher corticosterone levels (i.e., elevated stress levels). Finally, using an experimental approach to study the impact of noise pollution on several parameters that have often been overlooked (development, physiology, anti-predator behaviour), we showed that anthropogenic noise can have particularly complex effects on vertebrate’s development, with possible life-long consequences for developing birds. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of investigating the impact of human-induced environmental changes on the phenotypic development of individuals to better understand the influence of urban environments on vertebrate populations
Favret, Fabrice. « Modifications du transport de l'oxygène et des récepteurs adrénergiques et muscarines cardiaques au cours de l'acclimatation à l'hypoxie : influence de l'entrainement ». Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA1300T3.
Texte intégralKeochkerian, David. « Caractérisation de la performance des muscles inspiratoires à l'exercice : effets de pathologies cardio-respiratoires, du vieillissement et de l'entraînement ». Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0019.
Texte intégralTo assess effects of pathology, aging and training on the performance and adaptation mechanism of the inspiratory muscle during exercise, we have used the tension-time index TT0. 1. This non-invasive index, is easy to use, and gives information on inspiratory muscle neural drive, inspiratory muscle strength, respiratory centers activity normalized by the maximal inspiratory strength and the duty cycle. We have studied many populations which led us to expect a lower inspiratory muscle performance during exercise. Our studies contribute to a better breathing pattern understanding adopted by subject to adapt to physiological (aging) or pathological (cystic fibrosis and congenital heart disease) alteration of the respiratory system. The lower inspiratory muscle performance is the outcome of a greater energy demand for a same workload by the inspiratory muscle
Roels, Belle. « Systemic and muscular adaptations to different hypoxic training methods ». Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON14002.
Texte intégralParmentier, Cécile. « Étude physiologique et biochimique de la croissance rythmique endogène du chêne pédonculé : recherche de son déterminisme ». Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10360.
Texte intégralMiladi, Imed. « Effet du mode de récupération sur les réponses cardiorespiratoires, l'activité électromyographique, la lactatémie et le temps limite suite à la répétition des exercices intermittents supra-maximaux ». Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0018.
Texte intégralThe present thesis studied the effect of the mode of recovery on the improvement of the performance following intermittent exercises. Healthy and voluntary group of subjects aged 25,66 ± 2,39 years, weight 69,6 ± 8,6Kg and height of 176,7 ± 5,2cm took part in the experiment. The protocol consisted on 2 series of 4 repetitions of 30S at 120% of the MAP on ergocycle. Exercise repetitions are separated by 30S of passive recovery. Two periods of 4min - recovery were carried out between the 2 exercise series and the second series and exercise time limit (Tlim) assessment. During these last exercises, the recovery mode was randomly changed (passive: PR, active: AR or dynamic stretching: SR). The variables assesses were the VO2, MAP, the heart rate (HR), the blood lactate concentration [La] and Tlim as well as the RMS and the MPF from the electromyographic signals. The results show that lowest value of lactate was obtained with RS. The VO2 found during RS ranged between the value obtained during RA and RP. Concerning the FC, not difference was observed between RS and RA. The RMS values found were significantly higher than those obtained during Tlim following RP and RA. The MPF values were significantly lower compared at RA and RP attesting more important fatigue during SR. It is concluded that dynamic stretching recovery (SR) allowed respectively more improvement of Tlim (P<0. 01) than active recovery (AR, P<0. 05) in comparison to passive recovery
Jemni, Monem. « Etude du profil bioénergétique et de la récupération chez les gymnastes ». Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20029.
Texte intégralThis report is composed of 2 objects, the first one concerns bioenergetics aspects of men gymnastics and the second one concerns the elaboration of a recovery strategy during training sessions. Nine senior national and 12 senior international men gymnasts performed a variety of laboratory tests involving arms or legs in order to determine their bioenergetics' profile. Both level gymnasts have a moderately small aerobic power (VO2 max = 49. 06 ± 0. 6 M. L. KG-1. MIN-1). There lactate threshold corresponding to 79% of VO2 max is the result of an accentuated force training and not synonym of a developed aerobic endurance. Meanwhile, they are characterised by a hich power out put (15. 47 ± 0. 56 W. KG-1 by force/velocity test). We did not notice any difference between both levels concerning anaerobic data. We suggest that gymnasts optimise their aerobic aptitude as well as their anaerobic aptitude and their force to supply the activity demands. The purpose of the second study was to investigate the influence of recovery type between men's gymnastic events on blood lactate by comparing four recovery protocols during several gymnastic sessions. Nine senior male gymnasts participated in the study. The sessions were composed of routine performances on the 6 olympic events, which were separated by 10 recovery minutes. Four recovery protocols were used between events ; 10 min rest in a sitting position ; 4 sprints of 20 M separated by 1 Min 30 sec ; 20 push-ups in 30 sec and 5 min self-selected active recovery. Five minutes of light self-selected active recovery decreased blood lactate concentration and improved gymnast performances more than the other active or passive recovery methods in national and international level gymnasts. Blood lactate diminution is associated to an increased release (oxidation) and decreased production of lactate. We did not deduce any remarkable relationships between laboratory tests and field investigations
Daussin, Frédéric. « Effets d'un entraînement en endurance à charge constante, à charge variable ou à haute intensité chez l'homme : Etude intégrative du systémique au cellulaire ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/DAUSSIN_Frederic_2007.pdf.
Texte intégralEndurance training is currently used in chronical diseases to improved aerobic performance and quality of life of these patients. Continuous endurance training and interval training are the both modalities used in rehabilitation. In a first part, we compared the effects of these two trainings modalities from systemic to cellular adaptations. Sixteen subjects performed the both trainings modalities which are characterized by same energy expenditure and training duration. Aerobic performance was improved by both trainings modalities throughout different adaptations. Interval training improved central adaptations (cardiac output) and peripheral adaptations (capillary density and mitochondrial function) whereas continuous training enhanced capillary density. In the second part, we compared sedentary subjects and endurance athletes to determine the effect of endurance training at high intensity on mitochondrial function. Athletes presented quantitative and qualitative modifications toward a greater capacity to oxidize carbohydrate. Our results improve the knowledge about the endurance training induced adaptation. They favorite the endurance training prescriptions for chronical disease patients and allow to choose the training modality in function of patient’s disease. Finally, it will improve quality of life of chronical disease patients
Chlif, Mehdi. « Contraintes ventilatoires à l'exercice chez l'obèse : effets de l'entraînement ». Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0029.
Texte intégralThe major respiratory complications of obesity include a heightened demand for ventilation, elevated work of breathing, respiratory muscle inefficiency and diminished respiratory compliance. Obese patients have increased dyspnoea and decreased exercise capacity, which are vital to quality of life. Our study shows that physical exercise is accompanied by an increased work of breathing, weakness of the inspiratory muscles, alteration of the inspiratory muscle performance, dyspnea of and a dynamic hyperinflation. Thus, these results are in favor of the existence of a vicious circle of deconditioning in these subjects and particularly as their physical activity were correlated with their exercise tolerance. These observations justify the prescription of endurance training to obese subjects to improve the exercise tolerance and the quality of life. Our results demonstrate that training improves exercise tolerance, performance of the inspiratory muscles and decrease dyspnoea. In conclusion, the obese subject present ventilatory constraints during exercise constituting a limitant factor to exercise, training improve exercise tolerance and the quality of life inducing a possible slow down to the evolution of the disease towards disability and psychosocial handicap in obese subjects
Toumi, Hechmi. « Adaptations nerveuses et périphériques du muscle squelettique à l'entraînement de force ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20038.
Texte intégralThériault, Linda. « Impact d'un programme d'entraînement périodisé sur la santé physique et psychologique des personnes atteintes de maladies mentales ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30869/30869.pdf.
Texte intégralMaarri, Khalil al. « Micropropagation in vitro du pommier (M9), du poirier ("williams" et "passe crassane") et du cognassier de Provence : problèmes posés par l'état physiologique du matériel ». Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066057.
Texte intégralBotcazou, Maïtel. « Influence du genre et de la maturation sur la réponse sympato-adrénergique de l'adolescent à l'exercice et à l'entraînement de sprint ». Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20009.
Texte intégralIt is well known that catecholamine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) plays a major role in the mobilisation and utilisation of energetic substrates during sprint exercise. Many factors, as gender, training and age are able to modify catecholamine responses to exercise. However, the effects of these factors on catecholamine responses to sprint exercise should be examined. Our objective was to verify the influence of gender, advance in age and sprint training on sympatho-adrenergic responses in adolescents. Our results demonstrate that : 1 gender can alter sympatho-adrenergic responses to exercise in adult only but the menstrual cycle phase don't modify this response in women, 2 the advance in age influence catecholamine responses to exercise, differently according to sex, 3 sprint training may enhance catecholamine responses to sprint exercise in adolescent girls only. These data suggest that advance in age and sprint training can influence sympatho-adrenergic responses to sprint exercise in adolescents
Violet, Marie. « Fonctions atypiques de Tau en conditions physiologique et pathologique ». Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S008/document.
Texte intégralTau protein is involved in neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies. The most frequent tauopathies is Alzheimer's disease (AD). This dementia is characterized, in the early phases, by an increase of oxidative stress in the brain of patients. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons leads to the appearance of damage to genomic DNA. Neurons do not divide, so unrepaired DNA damage will have important consequences on neuronal functioning. However, mechanisms involved in DNA damage accumulation in AD have not been deciphered.AD is also characterized by the presence of hyper and abnormally phosphorylation of Tau protein. Pathological Tau forms aggregates and leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. However, mechanisms involved in the intracellular aggregation of Tau in AD brains remain unknown. Nevertheless, it is now admitted that, much more than insoluble aggregates of Tau, small oligomers are the toxic form of Tau.Tau protein is mainly known for its MAP (Microtubule Associated Protein) function. However, in physiological condition, it can also be located at the plasmic membrane level and in neurons nucleus and therefore may have others functions. A new function of Tau was revealed in the laboratory. It was shown that Tau plays an essential role in neuronal genomic DNA protection in stress condition. This study was performed in primary neuronal cultures of embryonic mice neurons. The first objective of this thesis was to challenge the DNA protective function of Tau in vivo. To answer this question, we designed a murine model of hyperthermic stress which leads to the formation of ROS. Using this model, we showed that Tau is able to protect in vivo the genomic DNA of hippocampal neurons of mice submitted to hyperthermic stress. We also highlighted the fact that Tau deficiency alters the integrity of cytoplasmic and nuclear ARN suggesting that Tau could play a role in quality control of RNA. Our second objective was to study if Tau pathology has a deleterious impact on its DNA protective function. The impact of Tau pathology has been analyzed in the transgenic mouse model THY-Tau 22 mice. Our results indicate that an increase of ROS induces the loss of the nucleic acid protective function of Tau selectively in early stages of Tau pathology. We also observed that hyperthermic stress plays an inducing role in vivo in the formation of small Tau oligomers in the nuclei and the cytoplasm of hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, we observed a correlation between nucleic acid damage and the formation of Tau oligomers suggesting that oligomers would be the toxic forms of Tau involved in the alteration of nucleic acid integrity. These results bring to light the existence of a critical time window where an increase of ROS induces both Tau oligomerization and nucleic acid damage in neurons displaying early Tau pathology.Phospholipids, which are principally found in membranes, can be an inducing agent for Tau oligomerization. Lipid rafts are microdomains of the plasmic membrane, which are rich in sphingolipids, and cholesterol. A hypothesis is that lipid rafts could be a nucleation point for Tau oligomerisation. Before being able to answer this question, the third objectif was to study the phosphorylation and conformational state of Tau associated with rafts in physiological and pathological conditions. Our results indicate that in the cortex of AD patients, Tau associated to lipid rafts is hyperphosphorylated, abnormally conformed and oligomerized
ZACHARIOUDAKIS, GEORGIOS. « Quelques aspects de cinetique enzymatique en conditions physiologiques ». Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112071.
Texte intégralPace, Marion. « L'enfant autiste : déterminants physiologiques et environnementaux de sa condition physique ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS022/document.
Texte intégralAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication impairments, with abnormal repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Cardio-respiratory, motor and autonomic disorders are found on autistic children and may limit them in a physical effort. This work has been done to evaluate the physical condition of children with autism compared to control children. Forty boys aged from 8 to 13 had participated in the study: 20 control children (CONT: 10.0±1.6 years) and 20 children with autism (AUT: 10.7±1.3 years; IQ> 70). A maximal effort on treadmill had measured the maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2max). The autonomic nervous system had been assessed by heart rate variability on an orthostatic test and nocturnal recordings. Motor abilities had been determined by using three batteries of additional motor tests (EUROFIT, M-ABC and PANESS). Sleep and physical activity had been collected by actigraphy and questionnaires, and linked with physical fitness. After the maximal effort, the result of this test had shown that autistic children had lower VO2pic values and shorter exercise duration. Evaluations of the autonomic nervous system also showed greater heart rate variability in autism, including a parasympathetic tone significantly higher compared to controls. The motor tests showed significant impairments in autism compared to controls on all motor skills and especially on static balance, dynamic balance and muscle strength. Finally, children with autism had lower physical activity level than control while sleep indices are similar between the two groups. Then, these results show specificities in the physical fitness for autism children that might limit them in a physical exercise. However, in our study, all children had shown an ability to perform a maximal exercise test. Autistic children seemed to be more limited to maintain this effort by the autistic features (motivation, restricted interests ...) that would lead to limit physical engagement. By this test, we may advance that children with autism may have barriers which must be lifted to adapt physical activity to their needs and abilities and then promote their integration
Taïeb, Nadira. « Contribution à l'étude de la glande digestive de Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803), gastéropode opisthobrance, sooumis à des conditions alimentaires variées ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30025.
Texte intégralMazure, Cyrille. « Analyse des paramètres métaboliques, neuromusculaires et cinématiques lors d'enchaînements impliquant le cyclisme et la course à pied ». Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0002.
Texte intégralThe objective of the present work is to analyse the metabolic, kinematics and neuromuscular adaptations during the running part of a cycle-to-run transition in triathlon and duathlon. Within this framework, three studies are undertaken. The first study compares the two running parts of a sprint duathlon realised at a free pace in a time trial condition. The main result is that the running cost is not different before and after cycling. The main hypotheses that could explain this result are the short duration of the cycling part and the subjects'high evel. The second study analyse the influence of the cycling pace on the subsequent 5 km running performance. The 20 km cycling part is conducted either at free pace, either at a constant power output, or with variation in the power output. The results show that the more the cycling is sustained at a constant pace the better is the running performance. Because there is no difference in the cardio-respiratory parameters, it is advanced that repeated high-work jumps during cycling cause muscular fatigue. The third study is undertaken with high level subjects to analyse the kinematics and electromyographics changes during three exercises: a 45 min run effort at VT1 + 5 %, a duathlon and a cycle-to-run transition at the same duration and intensity. The results analysis shows that muscular fatigue is more important during the 45 min running exercise and that there is no kinematics changes during the two others conditions. These results underline the influence of the cycling strategy, intensity and duration on the subsequent running performance. Further studies including a swimming bout will be necessary to expand these conclusions to a whole triathlon
Seyve, Landry. « Analyse de la structure du caillot en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS027.
Texte intégralPhysiologically, the blood function of the clot is to stop bleeding following a vascular breach. Initially, platelets stop blood flow, quickly supported by the formation of a fibrin fibers network that strengthens and gives properties to resist the blood pressure and fibrinolysis. Fibrinogen is the basic element of the fibrin network. During a vascular breach, the release of tissue factor triggers the coagulation cascade that results in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin monomers by the action of thrombin. These aggregate longitudinally to form protofibrils, then laterally to form a network of fibrin fibers.To date, many stages of the clot formation have been described in detail in the literature, however the mechanisms and driving forces of the lateral aggregation of protofibrils are still poorly understood.During this work, we studied different coagulation profiles: from hypo-coagulant to hyper-coagulant, through the normal profile and using a varied range of techniques: thrombin generation, plasmin generation, Fibrinography, Fibrinography in "fibrinolysis" mode, confocal microscopy, thromboelastometry and X-ray diffraction at small angles.We have highlighted the relationship between the amount of thrombin present during clot formation and the clot structure. Indeed, the more thrombin there is, the lower the protofibrils number per fiber and the greater the number of fibers. In addition, we correlated the initiation time of lateral fibers aggregation in Fibrinography with the initiation of plasmin generation. We have thus demonstrated the production of an abnormal fibrin clot structure in the presence of dabigatran, thanks to the combined use of confocal microscopy and Fibrinography.This multimodal analysis of the clot structure under different conditions provides additional information to the scientific community to better understand the mechanisms of fibrin clot formation
Beraneck, Mathieu. « Propriétés électrophysiologiques intrinsèques des neurones vestibulaires centraux en conditions physiologiques et physiopathologiques ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007257.
Texte intégralMotulsky, Elie. « Expression d'aquaporines au niveau de la rétine dans des conditions physiologiques et physiopathologiques ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218468.
Texte intégralMorel, Anne. « Modulation par la mélatonine de la motricité intrestinale en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques ». Chambéry, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CHAMS022.
Texte intégralSiewiera, Johan. « Plasticité fonctionnelle des cellules « Natural Killer » déciduales dans les conditions physiologiques et infectieuses ». Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3042/.
Texte intégralDuring the first trimester of pregnancy, Natural Killer cells massively infiltrate the pregnant uterus and constitute the principal immune population at the fetal implantation site, called decidua basalis. Decidual NK cells (dNK) are a unique NK cell population. They play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy mainly through vascular remodeling of the uterine arteries. DNK cells establish privileged contacts with fetal-derived trophoblasts via NK cell receptor engagement. NK cell effector functions are tightly controlled by a large panel of activating and inhibitory receptors. Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 are expressed by dNK cells and pNK cells, but their functions are quite different between these two NK cell populations. NK cells are robust cytotoxic effectors of the immune system. However, the cytotoxic potential of dNK cells is perfectly controlled to ensure protection of semi-allogenic fetal cells. Pathogens such as human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be transmitted to the fetus across materno-fetal interfaces. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we investigated the role of dNK cells against the development of HCMV congenital infections. We developed a new in vitro autologous culture system of decidual stromal cells and dNK cells, to dissect the protective immune response in pregnant uterus. We showed that dNK cells can form activating immunological synapse with autologous HCMV-infected target cells. Engagement of NKG2D and NKG2C activating receptors trigger dNK cell cytotoxic functions against HCMV-infected cells. The dNK cell cytokine/chemokine secretion profile was modified after co-culture with HCMV-infected targets. All together, our data suggest that dNK cells can protect the fetus from vertically transmitted pathogens during pregnancy. During the second part of my PhD thesis, we dissected molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the functional differences between dNK cells and pNK cells, notably NCRs functions. NCRs genes are transcribed in multiples mRNA splice variants that can be translated to different functional proteins. Although there is a high sequence homology, the resulting proteins are endowed with huge functional differences. We demonstrated that dNK cells differentially express NKp30 and NKp44 transcripts compared to pNK cells. To clarify the role of the microenvironment in the "selective" splicing of NCR transcripts, we used a defined cytokine cocktail that characterize the decidual milieu. We showed that pNK cells are able to adjust their alternative splicing for NKp30 and NKp44 mRNAs. Our data suggest that the pregnant uterus micro-environnement can influence NK cell receptor expression and function, to render them able to support pregnancy
Fanet, Hortense. « Effets de l'administration de tétrahydrobioptérine en conditions physiologique et pathologiques : de la neurobiologie au comportement ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34073.
Texte intégralLa tétrahydrobioptérine (BH4) est le cofacteur requis pour l'activité des enzymes responsables de la synthèse de la dopamine, la sérotonine et l'oxyde nitrique. Par conséquent, la BH4 est nécessaire au bon déroulement de nombreux processus physiologiques centraux et périphériques dont la neurotransmission, la réponse inflammatoire, la régulation du stress oxydatif, la fonction vasculaire et endothéliale et le métabolisme. Or la BH4 peut facilement être oxydée et dégradée. Ainsi des diminutions des niveaux centraux de BH4 ont été observées dans de nombreuses maladies neuropsychiatriques à composante inflammatoire dont la maladie d'Alzheimer et la dépression majeure. La diminution des niveaux de BH4 dans ces pathologies pourrait participer à la survenue de symptômes et à l'aggravation de ceux-ci. Malgré ces observations, les effets d'une administration de BH4 sur la fonction cérébrale en condition physiologique et pathologique et les comportements en s'y rapportant restent largement inexplorés. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de caractériser les effets d'une administration de BH4 périphérique sur la neurobiologie et le comportement chez la souris. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets de BH4 sur le système dopaminergique mésolimbique et la motivation en condition physiologique et lors d'une inflammation aiguë. Puis, dans un second temps, nous avons exploré le potentiel thérapeutique de la BH4 dans le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Nous avons tout d'abord démontré que la BH4 traversait la barrière hémato-encéphalique et qu'une injection périphérique permettait d'augmenter les niveaux centraux de BH4. Nos travaux ont montré qu'en condition physiologique, l'administration de BH4 potentialise la libération de dopamine stimulée dans le nucleus accumbens et les comportements motivés. En condition de neuroinflammation aiguë induite par le LPS, l'administration de BH4 permet d'atténuer la neuroinflammation. Par conséquent, la BH4 pourrait avoir des effets bénéfiques dans le traitement des troubles motivationnels induits par l'inflammation. Dans notre deuxième étude, nous avons démontré que l'administration chronique de BH4 permet de corriger les déficits mnésiques observés dans le modèle murin triple transgénique de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Le traitement en BH4 induit également une diminution d'un marqueur inflammatoire ainsi qu'une amélioration de la tolérance au glucose. Cependant, ces améliorations mnésiques, métaboliques et inflammatoires ne s'accompagnent pas d'une diminution des pathologies amyloïde et tau. L'ensemble de ces travaux a permis une meilleure caractérisation des effets neurobiologiques et comportementaux de la BH4 et renforce son potentiel thérapeutique.
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is the required cofactor for the activity of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of dopamine, serotonin and nitric oxide. BH4 is therefore necessary for many central and peripheral physiological processes including neurotransmission, inflammatory response, oxidative stress regulation, vascular and endothelial function, and metabolism. However, BH4 is prone to oxidation and degradation, and decreased BH4 brain level has been observed in many neuropsychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease and major depression. Consequently, the decrease in BH4 levels in these pathologies could contribute to the onset and aggravation of symptoms. Despite these observations, the effects of BH4 administration on brain function and related physiological and pathological behavior remain largely unexplored. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the effects of peripheral BH4 administration on brain function and related behaviors. We investigated the effects of BH4 on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and motivation in physiological condition and during acute inflammation. Then, we explored the therapeutic potential of BH4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We first demonstrated that BH4 crossed the blood-brain barrier and that a peripheral injection of BH4 increased its cerebral levels. Under physiological condition, administration of BH4 potentiates dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens and motivated behaviors. In acute LPS-induced neuroinflammation, administration of BH4 reduced neuroinflammation. Therefore, BH4 may have beneficial effects on dopaminergic disorders induced by inflammation. In our second study, we demonstrated that chronic administration of BH4 reversed memory deficits observed in the transgenic triple murine model of Alzheimer's disease. We also observed a decrease in neuroinflammatory marker and an improvement in glucose tolerance. However, these memory, metabolic and inflammatory improvements were not accompanied by a decrease in amyloid and tau pathologies. This work contributes to a better characterization of the neurobiological and behavioral effects of the BH4 and reinforces its therapeutic potential.
Roche-Rajot, Hélène. « Réponses des paramètres sanguins d'un poisson marin, le loup (Dicentrarchus labrax), à l'évolution des conditions environnementales : effets des modifications de nature physique (salinité et température) et chimique (xénobiotiques) ». Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10069.
Texte intégralMarmillot, Vincent. « Effets des conditions environnementales, de la condition corporelle et du statut hormonal sur la mue de la grande oie des neiges (Chen caerulescens atlantica) ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25862.
Texte intégralMolting birds are facing temporal and environmental constraints, especially in some Anatidae because they renew all their flight feathers simultaneously during the short Arctic summer. We examined how these constraints could influence the molt phenology of greater snow geese and we explored the role of hormones and environmental factors in controlling molt and feather quality. We used a 20+ year database to examine the effects of environmental conditions and reproduction on molt phenology and we measured thyroid (T3) and stress hormones and body condition of individuals for two years to examine their effects on molt and feather quality. Our results show phenotypic plasticity based on an adjustment of feather growth speed rather than on advancement of the molt initiation date during late years. A decline in feather growth rate at the end of molt could be explained by a drop in T3 at this time. We also show that high levels of stress hormones could reduce molt intensity and body condition. However, the bending stiffness of feathers, an index of their quality, was not affected by body condition or stress hormone level. The phenotypic plasticity of molt allows a complete renewal of flight feathers before the end of the short arctic summer, regardless of reproductive phenology and spring environmental conditions, while maintaining a high level of quality for feathers.
Bonhomme, Céline. « Intervention des neurones dopaminergiques mésencéphaliques dans la perception affective des stimulus environnementaux ». Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28471.
Texte intégralHomayoun, Parvin. « Metabolisme lipidique des microvaisseaux cerebraux dans differentes conditions physiologiques : influence de facteurs lipidiques alimentaires ». Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077077.
Texte intégralSarrafzadeh, Mohammad Hossein. « Contraintes physiologiques et technologiques liées à la production en conditions industrielles d'un microorganisme entomopathogène ». Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20124.
Texte intégralMagiera, Maria Magdalena. « Couplage entre phase S et mitose sous conditions physiologiques chez la levure, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ». Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20109.
Texte intégralHomayoun, Parvin. « Métabolisme lipidique des microvaisseaux cérébraux dans différentes conditions physiologiques influence de facteurs lipidiques alimentaires / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376143638.
Texte intégralPommier, Dylan. « L’astrocyte, intégrateur et régulateur de l'activité synaptique excitatrice dans des conditions physiologiques et pathologiques ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0087/document.
Texte intégralData accumulated over the two last decades have demonstrated that astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. This is due to their capability to detect and regulate synaptic transmission by expressing receptors and releasing gliotransmitters, respectively. However, astrocytes become reactive in pathological condition such as Alzheimer’s disease, and neuronal activity regulation by these glial cells is likely to be altered.The main objective of this thesis is to study the role of astrocytes as integrators and modulators of synaptic transmission under both physiological and pathological conditions.First, we have shown that a single astrocyte is able to detect and in turn up-regulate basal synaptic transmission at individual synapses in juvenile rats. Whether this upregulation is still present in adults and whether it is affected by the synaptic activity occurring at neighboring synapses present within the same astroglial domain is unknown. Using STED imaging on fixed tissue and electrophysiological recordings on acute hippocampal slices of adult male rats we here show that the upregulation pathway previously described in juvenile rats is also present in adults. Indeed, as in juvenile, astrocytes detect basal glutamatergic transmission at individual synapses through mGluR5 and in turn upregulate it by releasing purines and activating presynaptic A2A receptors. More importantly, our data suggest strongly that an individual astrocyte is able to adapt its purine-mediated regulation of glutamatergic transmission as a function of the number of synapses activated in its domain. When the number of afferent inputs activated is small, astrocytes facilitate synaptic efficacy through a purine-mediated process. Interestingly, this process is no longer present when a higher number of afferences is activated, suggesting the astrocytes integrate the incoming information and adapt its response in terms of purine release.Second, studies on Alzheimer’s disease models have reported changes in several astrocyte functions such as its ability to regulate synaptic transmission. However, the contribution of astrocytic reactivity in this pathology remains largely unknown and debated as the reported changes in these studies can have beneficial, deleterious or even mixed effects on neurons. Indeed, reactive astrocytes display a morphological, molecular and functional heterogeneity that could explain their controversial effects in this pathology. To understand how astrocyte reactivity contributes to Alzheimer's disease and to find therapeutic pathways, it is crucial to develop a new strategy that efficiently modulates all types of reactive astrocytes. Here, we used cell type-specific approaches in vivo and identified the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, as necessary and sufficient for the induction and maintenance of astrocyte reactivity. Modulation of this cascade by viral gene transfer in mouse astrocytes efficiently controlled several morphological and molecular features of reactivity. Inhibition of this pathway in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease improved key pathological hallmarks by reducing amyloid deposition and improving spatial learning. Combining this viral gene transfer with electrophysiological recordings, we specifically showed in our lab that reducing astrocyte reactivity by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 cascade in astrocytes restores synaptic transmission and plasticity deficits observed in a 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, the JAK2/STAT3 cascade operates as a master regulator of astrocyte reactivity in vivo. Its inhibition offers new therapeutic opportunities for Alzheimer's disease
Pirot, Nelly. « Conséquences in vivo de l'absence de Lyl sur la fonction endothéliale en conditions physiologique et pathologique ». Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20100.
Texte intégralThe transcriptional factor LYL, belonging to the bHLH family, is expressed in developing hematopoietic and vascular systems. Lyl-deficient mice are viable and display a reduced number of mature B cells and a diminution in the frequency of immature progenitors. Up to now, nothing was known concerning the role of LYL in endothelial cell. The results presented in this thesis demonstrated that Lyl is expressed both in angiogenic and quiescent endothelium. In vivo, deletion of Lyl increases angiogenesis processes observed in syngenic tumors and in matrigel plugs subcutaneously implanted in mice. Tumor blood vessels from Lyl-deficient mice are larger, leakier and more immature. This phenotype of newly formed vessels is associated with a sustained expression of Tal-1 and an increased expression of Ang-2 and VE-cadherin. In vitro, LYL invalidation by siRNA in HUVEC induces the reduction of the expression of genes regulating the formation of adherens junctions and the binding to extracellular matrix. All together, these results demonstrate that Lyl is involved in the initiation and the maintenance of blood vessels stabilization and maturation. Furthermore, the study of the vascularized organs in adult mice showed the presence, in the lungs of Lyl-deficient mice, of cellular infiltrates composed of inflammatory cells and associated with an increased permeability of the endothelium. Therefore, Lyl might also be involved in the maintenance of endothelial barrier in the lung. This work establishes for the first time the importance of Lyl in the endothelial cell physiology and opens news ways to study the regulation of angiogenesis and the control of vascular permeability
DUQUE, Ivan Leonardo. « L’aptitude cardio-respiratoire chez les patients lombalgiques chroniques. : Evolution de la consommation maximale d’oxygène au cours d’un programme de restauration fonctionnelle et incidence des facteurs limitant l’effort maximal pendant les tests d’effort ». Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132017.
Texte intégralThis study analyzed the evolution of the respiratory and cardiovascular endurance in patients with chronic low back pain, and interference factors limiting the maximum effort during measurement of maximal oxygen uptake. Stress tests were performed before and after a functional restoration program, including a substantial reconditioning through exercise. Patients received a therapeutic treatment for functional restoration of a period of 6 weeks. They spent a standardized exercise test before and after exercise training. In 101 subjects we demonstrated a statistically significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption. When subjects are grouped according to the criteria for attainment of maximal oxygen consumption, a significant increase was observed only in subjects in group 1 (maximal oxygen uptake before and after training). In the other three groups clinical and paraclinical interfere with achieving the maximum stresses. The comparison with a group of healthy subjects matched sedentary confirms that patients with low back pain syndrome has a chronic deconditioning
Aouadj, Rabiaa. « Le transit intraluminal des corrinoïdes d'origine endogène dans des conditions physiologiques et en cas d'IPE ». Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10174.
Texte intégralAouadj, Rabiaa. « Le Transit intraluminal des corrinoïdes d'origine endogène dans des conditions physiologiques et en cas d'IPE ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375954847.
Texte intégralBenistant, Christophe. « Transport plasmatique et cellulaire des acides gras chez les oiseaux développant une thermogenèse sans frisson : étude comparée chez le caneton de Barbarie acclimaté au froid et le poussin de manchot royal en conditions naturelles ». Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10308.
Texte intégralKermarrec, Laëtitia. « Étude des interactions entre le Système Nerveux Entérique et le Système Immunitaire en conditions physiologique et pathologique ». Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=907c2529-068d-4dfb-b1b7-ea167d7e0be8.
Texte intégralInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are multifactorial and the potential implication of interleukin-7 (IL-7) in these inflammatory disorders prompts us to study this cytokine in the bowel of patients with IBD. An increase of IL-7 and of its alpha subunit receptor (IL-7Rα) was found in the inflammatory areas of colic biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). This increase could affect cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) as IL-7Rα was detected in the submucosal ganglia. A role of IL-7 in the ENS was further suggested by the fact that human enteric glial cells (EGC) expressed this interleukine. These observations were confirmed in the rat with the identification of new IL-7 splicing variants and isoforms that exhibited specific expression within the submucosal ganglia. Functions of these IL-7 isoforms produced by EGC in vitro and in vivo remain to be determined but we showed that EGC could participate to the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract by regulating the activity of immune cells. Indeed, human EGC co-cultured with activated T lymphocytes inhibited their proliferation, and interestingly, this immunosuppressive effect was stronger with EGC derived from patients with CD. These results offer news perspectives about EGC functions within gut wall as well as mechanisms involved in pathologies like IBD