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1
Wang, Yu, Enli Lü, Huazhong Lu, Nong Zhang et Xingxing Zhou. « Comprehensive design and optimization of an electric vehicle powertrain equipped with a two-speed dual-clutch transmission ». Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no 1 (janvier 2017) : 168781401668314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016683144.
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This article develops a systematic model to study electric vehicle powertrain system efficiency by combining a detailed model of two-speed dual-clutch transmission system efficiency losses with an electric vehicle powertrain system model. In this model, the design factors including selection of the electric machine, gear ratios’ change, multi-plate wet clutch design, and gear shift schedule design are considered. Meanwhile, the application of detailed model for drag torque losses in the gearbox is discussed. Furthermore, the proposed model, developed with the MATLAB/Simulink platform, is applied to optimize/maximize the efficiency of the electric vehicle powertrain system using genetic algorithms. The optimization results demonstrate that the optimal results are different between simulations via New Europe Drive Cycle and Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and comprehensive design and optimization of the powertrain system are necessary.
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Salamone, Sara, Basilio Lenzo, Giovanni Lutzemberger, Francesco Bucchi et Luca Sani. « On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model ». Sustainability 13, no 8 (20 avril 2021) : 4549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084549.
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In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.
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Wu, Jinglai, Bing Wang et Xianqian Hong. « Driving Torque Control of Dual-Motor Powertrain for Electric Vehicles ». Actuators 11, no 11 (3 novembre 2022) : 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11110320.
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This paper investigates the driving torque control method for the dual-motor powertrain in electric vehicles (EVs) to achieve the performance of accurate vehicle speed tracking, seamless driving mode shift, and high energy efficiency. The configuration of the dual-motor powertrain is based on the parallel axle transmission structure, which does not contain any clutch or synchronizer. The powertrain provides three driving modes that are two single-motor driving modes and one dual-motor combined driving mode. A detailed dynamic model of the dual-motor powertrain is built to simulate the dynamic response of an EV. An energy management strategy (EMS) is used to select the driving mode and determine the ideal driving torque of two motors. The dynamic control strategy tries to track the ideal vehicle speed when uncertain parameters existed and avoid power interruption or impact during the mode shift. Three dynamic control strategies are proposed, which are the backward dynamic control strategy (BDCS), combined forward and backward dynamic control strategy (CFBDCS), and nested forward and backward dynamic control strategy (NFBDCS). The simulation results demonstrate that the NFBDCS has the best comprehensive performance in vehicle speed tracking, seamless mode shift, and good system energy efficiency.
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Vora, Ashish P., Xing Jin, Vaidehi Hoshing, Gregory Shaver, Subbarao Varigonda et Wallace E. Tyner. « Integrating battery degradation in a cost of ownership framework for hybrid electric vehicle design optimization ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no 6 (21 octobre 2018) : 1507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018802663.
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Prior design optimization efforts do not capture the impact of battery degradation and replacement on the total cost of ownership, even though the battery is the most expensive and least robust powertrain component. A novel, comprehensive framework is presented for model-based parametric optimization of hybrid electric vehicle powertrains, while accounting for the degradation of the electric battery and its impact on fuel consumption and battery replacement. This is achieved by integrating a powertrain simulation model, an electrochemical battery model capable of predicting degradation, and a lifecycle economic analysis (including net present value, payback period, and internal rate of return). An example design study is presented here to optimize the sizing of the electric motor and battery pack for the North American transit bus application. The results show that the optimal design parameters depend on the metric of interest (i.e. net present value, payback period, etc.). Finally, it is also observed that the fuel consumption increases by up to 10% from “day 1” to the end of battery life. These results highlight the utility of the proposed framework in enabling better design decisions as compared to methods that do not capture the evolution of vehicle performance and fuel consumption as the battery degrades.
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Holjevac, Nikola, Federico Cheli et Massimiliano Gobbi. « Multi-objective vehicle optimization : Comparison of combustion engine, hybrid and electric powertrains ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no 2-3 (4 juillet 2019) : 469–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019860364.
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The use of optimization techniques has been extensively adopted in vehicle design and with the increasing complexity of systems, especially with the introduction of new technologies, it plays an even more significant role. Market competition, stringent mandatory emission regulations and the need for a future sustainable mobility have raised questions over conventional vehicles and are pushing toward new cleaner and eco-friendly solutions. Fulfilling this target without sacrificing the other vehicle’s requirements leads to extremely challenging tasks for vehicle designers. The use of virtual prototyping emerges as a possible breakthrough allowing to rapidly assess the effect of design changes and the impact of new technologies. The study presented in this work provides a suitable approach to compare different vehicle powertrain architectures through optimization techniques and deploying model-based simulation to rapidly assess vehicle performances. The vehicle model is defined at the components level through scalable models obtained from based on detailed simulation. An optimal energy management is applied to the power sources and transmission gear shifting. The optimization technique consider the main design variables of the various components including vehicle chassis and extensively exploits the design space. The multi-objective optimization considers vehicle’s consumption, emission, range, longitudinal and lateral dynamics, costs and further performances to comprehensively assess the vehicle. The results allow to compare four different powertrain architectures: combustion engine vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle with parallel and series configuration, and battery electric vehicle. The results allows furthermore to identify technological limitations and conflicts among the different objectives. A critical analysis over the main design variables allows to identify the more suitable values and in particular, for combustion engine, gearbox and electric traction drive detailed comparisons are provided.
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Liu, Yanwei, Jiansheng Liang, Jiaqing Song et Jie Ye. « Research on Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell Vehicle Based on Multi-Dimensional Dynamic Programming ». Energies 15, no 14 (18 juillet 2022) : 5190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145190.
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The powertrain of a fuel cell vehicle typically consists of two energy sources: a proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and a battery package. In this paper, multi-dimensional dynamic programming (MDDP) is used to solve the energy management strategy (EMS) of fuel cell hybrid powertrain. This study built a fuel cell hybrid powertrain model, in which the battery model is built based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit. In order to improve the calculating efficiency and maintain the accuracy of the algorithm, the state variables in each stage are divided into primary and secondary. In the reverse solution process, the corresponding relationship between the multi state variables grid and the optimal cumulative function has been changed from three-dimensional to two-dimensional. The EMS based on MDDP is applied to component sizing of a commercial vehicle. Simulations were conducted using MATLAB under the C-WTVC working condition. By analyzing the fuel economy and system durability, the optimal component combination of comprehensive performance is obtained. Compared with the EMS based on dynamic programming (DP), the proposed method effectively improves the calculation accuracy: the hydrogen consumption can be reduced by 3.10%, and the durability of the fuel cell and battery can be improved by 1.08% and 0.13%, respectively.
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Decker, Lukas, Daniel Förster, Frank Gauterin et Martin Doppelbauer. « Physics-Based and Data-Enhanced Model for Electric Drive Sizing during System Design of Electrified Powertrains ». Vehicles 3, no 3 (8 août 2021) : 512–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3030031.
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In multi-drive electrified powertrains, the control strategy strongly influences the component load collectives. Due to this interdependency, the component sizing becomes a difficult task. This paper comprehensively analyses different electric drive system sizing methods for multi-drive systems in the literature. Based on this analysis, a new data-enhanced sizing approach is proposed. While the characteristic is depicted with a physics-based polynomial model, a data-enhanced limiting function ensures the parameter variation stays within a physically feasible range. Its beneficial value is demonstrated by applying the new model to a powertrain system optimization. The new approach enables a detailed investigation of the correlations between the characteristic of electric drive systems and the overall vehicle energy consumption for varying topologies. The application results demonstrate the accuracy and benefit of the proposed model.
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Wu, Jianpeng, Biao Ma, Heyan Li et Jikai Liu. « Creeping control strategy for Direct Shift Gearbox based on the investigation of temperature variation of the wet multi-plate clutch ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no 14 (21 mars 2019) : 3857–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019836313.
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Proposing an appropriate control strategy is an effective and practical way to address the overheat problems of the wet multi-plate clutches in Direct Shift Gearbox under the long-time creeping condition. To do so, the temperature variation of the wet multi-plate clutch is investigated first by establishing a thermal resistance model for the gearbox cooling system. To calculate the generated heat flux and predict the clutch temperature precisely, the friction torque model is optimized by introducing an improved friction coefficient, which is related to the pressure, the relative speed and the temperature, before being demonstrated experimentally using a full scale powertrain test. After that, the verified heat transfer model and the reasonable friction torque model are employed by the vehicle powertrain model to construct a comprehensive co-simulation model for the Direct Shift Gearbox vehicle, capable of simulating the dynamic responses and predicting the temperature variations of two clutches. A creeping control strategy is then proposed and, to evaluate the vehicle performance, the safety temperature (250°C) is particularly adopted as an important metric. From the variations in torque and speed obtained from the simulation results, the vehicle can track the desired speed (1.5 km/h) satisfactorily, with only 3% fluctuation, and have good longitudinal dynamic performance (8.5 m/s3). But above all, during the entire 174 s creeping process, the temperature of two clutches is always under the safety value (250°C), which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in avoiding the thermal failures of clutches.
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Qi, Xiaowei, Yiyong Yang, Xiangyu Wang et Zaobei Zhu. « Analysis and optimization of the gear-shifting process for automated manual transmissions in electric vehicles ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no 13 (27 janvier 2017) : 1751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685461.
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In recent years, it has been a trend for an automated manual transmission to be adopted as the powertrain for an electric vehicle. However, the strong degrees of jerk and power interruption during the gear-shifting process affect the shifting quality and restrict the application of automated manual transmissions. Therefore, it is a currently popular research topic to find an optimal method to improve the shifting qualities of automated manual transmissions. In this paper, the clutchless shifting process is analysed on the basis of a dynamics model of an automated manual transmission in an electric vehicle, and the parameters are optimized to improve the shifting quality using a defined comprehensive evaluation index. First, the dynamics model of the shifting process for an automated manual transmission is established by considering the stiffness, the damping and the non-linearity contact backlash of the gear mesh and the synchronizer. The whole shifting process is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and compared with that in the Adams model and bench experiments to prove the accuracy of the dynamics model. Then, the factors of the shifting quality, which include the shifting force and the control accuracy of the speed of the driving motor, are quantified. With the comprehensive evaluation index, all the main factors are described in a cobweb model diagram to find the optimal parameters of the shifting process. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index can be reduced by 23% by regulating the parameters of the shifting process. This study may be conducive to improving the shifting quality of automated manual transmissions in electric vehicles.
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Zhang, Zhe, Haitao Ding, Konghui Guo et Niaona Zhang. « A Hierarchical Control Strategy for FWID-EVs Based on Multi-Agent with Consideration of Safety and Economy ». Energies 15, no 23 (1 décembre 2022) : 9112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239112.
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In this study, a hierarchical chassis control strategy is designed to enhance vehicle economy and safety for four-wheel independent-drive electric vehicles (FWID-EVs). In the upper-level, a vehicle dynamics model based on multiple agents is proposed, and a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) method is designed to dimensionally solve the problem of tracking the center-of-mass torque of the demanded velocity trajectory and stability parameters. In the bottom-level, a multi-objective torque distribution strategy that weighs safety, dynamics and economy based on multi-agent theory is designed by comprehensively considering the motor efficiency and tire energy loss. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform is built to verify the method formulated in this paper. The results show that the method in this paper is effective in tracking the desired trajectory and further enhancing the stability of the vehicle under various conditions. Compared with other algorithms, while guaranteeing safety and dynamics, the energy consumption of the powertrain is reduced by 9.51%.
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Qian, Xiao Meng, et Fu Qiang Luo. « The Study on Optimal Matching of Light Truck Power Train ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (décembre 2012) : 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1168.
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The multi condition driving cycle mode of light truck is established. A comprehensive evaluation system for the vehicle powertrain(VP) optimal matching with integration of dynamic performance, fuel economy and exhaust emission behavior by means of the weighting factors is established. The methods to determine the parameters and weighting factors are established. A simulation model is set for the VP using the software Advisor, and a VP optimization program is compiled by the Matlab optimization toolbox. The model is validated by experiment and used to optimize the power train of a certain type of light truck. The results show that the consideration of the dynamic performance, the fuel economy in the VP matching reduces the exhaust emissions effectively.
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Triebke, Henriette, Markus Kromer et Peter Vortisch. « Pre-study and insights to a sequential MATSim-SUMO tool-coupling to deduce 24h driving profiles for SAEVs ». SUMO Conference Proceedings 1 (28 juin 2022) : 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/scp.v1i.103.
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New mobility concepts such as shared, autonomous, electric vehicle (SAEV) fleets raise questions to the vehicles’ technical design. Compared to privately owned human driven cars, SAEVs are expected to exhibit different load profiles that entail the need for newly dimensioned powertrain and battery components. Since vehicle architecture is very sensitive to operating characteristics, detailed SAEV driving cycles are crucial for requirement engineering. As real world measurements reach their limit with new mobility concepts, this contribution seeks to evaluate three different traffic simulation approaches in their ability to model detailed SAEV driving profiles. (i) The mesoscopic traffic simulation framework MATSim is analyzed as it is predestined for large-scale fleet simulation and allows the tracking of individual vehicles. (ii) To improve driving dynamics, MATSim’s simplified velocity profiles are enhanced with real-world driving cycles. (iii) A sequential tool-coupling of MATSim with the microscopic traffic simulation tool SUMO is pursued. All three approaches are compared and evaluated by means of a comprehensive test case study. The simulation results are compared in terms of driving dynamics and energy related key performance indicators (KPI) and then benchmarked against real driving cycles. The sequential tool-coupling approach shows the greatest potential to generate reliable SAEV driving profiles.
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Mantriota, Giacomo, Giulio Reina et Angelo Ugenti. « Performance Evaluation of a Compound Power-Split CVT for Hybrid Powertrains ». Applied Sciences 11, no 18 (20 septembre 2021) : 8749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188749.
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The Power-Split Continuously Variable Transmission is one of the most promising architectures for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. These systems have been introduced to improve vehicle global efficiency since they can maximize the efficiency in varying operating conditions. During the design stage, the availability of modeling tools would play a key role in achieving optimal design and control of these architectures. In this work, a compound power split device that combines an electric Continuously Variable Transmission with two planetary gear trains is analyzed. A comprehensive model is derived that allows the different power flow configurations to be evaluated given the properties of the single subcomponents of the system. The efficiency of the powertrain can be derived as well, and a numerical example is provided. The architecture studied has an efficiency that can be higher than that obtained using one single eCVT for most of the global transmission ratio range, showing that this solution could be suitable as a part of a more complex compound transmission that engages in a specific speed range.
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Hu, Jianjun, Bo Mei, Hang Peng et Xingyue Jiang. « Optimization Design and Analysis for a Single Motor Hybrid Powertrain Configuration with Dual Planetary Gears ». Applied Sciences 9, no 4 (18 février 2019) : 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040707.
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To further improve the comprehensive operating performance of the single motor hybrid electric vehicle, a single motor hybrid powertrain configuration with dual planetary gears (SMHPC-2PG) design is proposed in this paper. By adopting a topology design method that characterizes the constraint relationship between power resource components and planetary gear (PG) nodes, all feasible configuration candidates based on the basic configuration scheme are systematically explored, and dynamic models of configuration candidates are automatically generated. The optimal fuel economy and dynamic performance for configuration candidates are simulated by applying the global optimal control strategy based on dynamic programming (DP). Results of this study demonstrate that SMHPC-2PG with excellent operating performance can be screened out by this method.
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Castellano, Antonella, et Marco Cammalleri. « Power Losses Minimization for Optimal Operating Maps in Power-Split HEVs : A Case Study on the Chevrolet Volt ». Applied Sciences 11, no 17 (24 août 2021) : 7779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177779.
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The power-split architecture is the most promising hybrid electric powertrain. However, a real advantage in energy saving while maintaining high performance can be achieved only by the implementation of a proper energy management strategy. This requires an optimized functional design before and a comprehensive analysis of the powertrain losses after, which could be rather challenging owing to the constructive complexity of the power-split transmission, especially for multi-mode architecture with multiple planetary gearing. This difficulty was overcome by a dimensionless model, already available in the literature, that enables the analysis of any power-split transmission, even in full electric operation. This paper relies on this approach to find the operating points of the internal combustion engine and both electric machines which minimize the total power losses. This optimization is carried out for given vehicle speed and demanded torque, by supposing different scenarios in respect of the battery capability of providing or gathering power. The efficiency of the thermal engine and the electric machines is considered, as well as the transmission mechanical power losses. The aim is to provide a global efficiency map that can be exploited to extract data for the implementation of the most suitable real-time control strategy. As a case study, the procedure is applied to the multi-mode power-split system of the Chevrolet Volt.
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Maulik, Soumya, Daniel Riordan et Joseph Walsh. « Dynamic Reduction-Based Virtual Models for Digital Twins—A Comparative Study ». Applied Sciences 12, no 14 (15 juillet 2022) : 7154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147154.
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Digital models are the foundation of digital twins, which form the basis of autonomous off-road vehicles. Developing virtual models of off-road vehicles using dynamic reduction techniques is one of several approaches. The article commences with a comprehensive overview of the most widely used dynamic reduction methods and then introduces performance metrics for assessing their efficacies in the context of digital twins. The paper additionally includes a detailed mathematical derivation of the state-space representation for reduced-order finite element models. The state-space representation of the reduced finite element models facilitates their export to problem-solving environments for dynamic analysis. The state-space models are eventually solved utilizing the built-in libraries of numerical solvers in textual and graphical programming platforms. In addition, the article identifies the set of solvers that best suit the simulation of virtual models for off-road vehicles. This article also includes an evaluation of the simulation results for digital models with modes ranging from 0 to 30 Hz. In addition, the article demonstrates the lower bound of the frequency range necessary and sufficient to be retained in off-road vehicle virtual models. Finally, the paper presents the simulation outcomes for digital models of commercial off-road vehicles with custom-built virtual modules of powertrain, electrical, and control systems in a problem-solving environment.
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Yang, Ying, Zhenpo Wang, Shuo Wang et Ni Lin. « An Investigation of Opportunity Charging with Hybrid Energy Storage System on Electric Bus with Two-Speed Transmission ». Sustainability 14, no 19 (21 septembre 2022) : 11918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911918.
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As one of the most popular and important forms of massive transit, the public bus contributes to a healthier environment compared to private vehicles. Through the electrification of the public bus, energy consumption, carbon emission, and air pollution can be significantly reduced. However, the limited driving range and high battery replacement cost put significant barriers to its large-scale commercialization. Thanks to the development of wireless charging technology and opportunity charging strategy, the driving range can be improved. However, the battery has to suffer additional impulse current generated by opportunity wireless charging. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines battery and supercapacitor and related energy control strategy is proposed to smoothen the impulse current and extend the battery lifespan. A comprehensive investigation of the combined impacts of the opportunity charging and HESS is carried out in terms of driving range extension and battery lifespan improvement. The detailed HESS model and powertrain model are built. A global optimizing method, dynamic programming, is adopted as the energy management strategy under the Chinese heavy-duty commercial vehicle test cycle-bus (CHTC-B). A battery degradation model is employed to evaluate its health with 60 kW wireless charging. The results demonstrate that the proposed energy control strategy for HESS could improve battery health and extend bus driving range concurrently via opportunity charging.
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Qiao, Yuan, Yizhou Song et Kaisheng Huang. « A Novel Control Algorithm Design for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Energy Consumption and Emission Performance ». Energies 12, no 14 (15 juillet 2019) : 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142698.
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Under the severe challenge of increasingly stringent emission regulations and constantly improving fuel economy requirements, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have attracted widespread attention in the auto industry as a practicable technical route of green vehicles. To address the considerations on energy consumption and emission performance simultaneously, a novel control algorithm design is proposed for the energy management system (EMS) of HEVs. First, energy consumption of the investigated P3 HEV powertrain is determined based on bench test data. Second, crucial performance indicators of NOx and particle emissions, prior to a catalytic converter, are also measured and processed as a prerequisite. A comprehensive objective function is established on the grounds of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and corresponding simulation models are constructed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Subsequently, the control algorithm is validated against the simulation results predicated on the Worldwide-Harmonized Light-Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP).Integrated research contents include: (1) The searching process aimed at the optimal solution of the pre-established multi-parameter objective function is thoroughly investigated; (2) the impacts of weighting coefficients pertaining to two exhaust pollutants upon the specific configurations of the proposed control algorithm are discussed in detail; and (3) the comparison analysis of the simulation results obtained from ECMS and classical Dynamic Programming (DP), respectively, is performed.
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Dai, Yulu, Yuwei Yang, Hongming Zhong, Huijun Zuo et Qiang Zhang. « Stability and Safety of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicular Platoon under Diverse Information Flow Topologies ». Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (21 août 2022) : 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4534692.
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For the cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) vehicular platoon, apart from decentralized controllers, the dynamics of a platoon can be affected substantially by the information flow among connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Existing research studies mainly focus on the stability analysis of platoons where CAVs only adopt the predecessor-following (PF) communication scheme; however, when CAVs “look” further ahead or behind than one vehicle, the stability of platoons might change. To this end, this study seeks to explore the stability and investigate the rear-end collision risk of CACC vehicular platoon under diverse information flow topologies. The research first comprehensively reviews typical information flow topologies for CAV platoons and platoon stability criteria for analyzing local and string stability of platoons. Moreover, the CACC longitudinal dynamic model is derived using the exact feedback linearization technique, which accommodates the inertial delay of powertrain dynamics. Accordingly, sufficient conditions of stability are mathematically derived to guarantee distributed frequency-domain-based control parameters. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the correctness of derived sufficient stability conditions. The results show that platoons could better maintain stability with more vehicle information taken into consideration. However, when assessing the safety, it is found that the bidirectional type information flow topology would increase rear-end collision risk for CAV platoon. Further, the information flow topology of two-predecessor-leader following is the most recommended to enhance fully CAV platoon stability.
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Zhao, Li Jun, Guo Jun Li et Ji Hai Jiang. « The Study on Optimal Matching of Power System of Hybrid Hydraulic TLT ». Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (mars 2010) : 4403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4403.
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According to the running characteristic of an aircraft tractor and the specificity of serve target, the hybrid hydraulic system program is proposed. In the use of Adopting Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm, for the demand of aircraft tractor’s system, the multi-objective is transformed to a single objective function of the automobile’s dynamic performance and fuel economy performance by using the linear weighted method. Then the mathematical optimizing model of the powertrain is established, through calculating, reasonable parameters are gotten. The analysis of the simulation results shows that the comprehensive performance of the automobile has been remarkably promoted. On the basis of previous work, the system pressure of different weight aircraft models of traction has been optimized in order to give full play to the vehicle's performance. The research has important reference value for the theory analysis of hybrid systems and engineering applications.
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Liu, Zongwei, Xinglong Liu et Fuquan Zhao. « Research on NEV Platform Development Strategies for Automotive Companies ». World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no 4 (19 octobre 2021) : 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040201.
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Developing new energy vehicles (NEVs) is essential for China’s automotive industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The development of a NEV platform is an effective means for automotive companies to balance the development cost, development time, and product performance of NEVs. However, there is no clear solution to choosing new energy vehicle platform development strategies and models for automotive companies. This paper mainly studies the significance of NEV platform development, the classification and characteristics of NEV platforms, and the development strategies and trends of NEV platforms for automotive companies. The study results found that choosing a new dedicated electric platform (NDEP) is inevitable for the latest automotive companies, such as TESLA Motors. An adapted electric platform (AEP) is a temporary solution that meets the dual credits policy. It lacks competitiveness and has been gradually eliminated for the traditional automotive companies. The new dedicated electric platform is a long-term development solution when comprehensively considering the market, technology, and policy. The compatible platform (CP) is a transitional solution when considering the development trend of automotive powertrain, the market size of NEVs, and the platform technology of NEVs. Besides, joint development and shared use is the primary development model for the automotive enterprise in the future. Finally, companies should increase their research and development efforts on NEV architecture platforms to maximize platform-based development’s scale effect and application value. The research can provide strategic guidance for automotive companies to develop NEV platforms.
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Kulikov, I. A., V. V. Selifonov et A. I. Filonov. « Optimal control of a hybrid powerplant based on a balance of ecological and fuel efficiency factors ». Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 4, no 2 (20 janvier 2010) : 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69574.
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In a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), IC engine can be operated independently (to a certain extent) of vehicle's speed and power demand. Therefore, there is a substantial flexibility in adjusting HEV's fuel consumption and emissions by varying ICE's operating point. Due to high complexity and non-linearity of hybrid powertrain's characteristics it is necessary to use some mathematical tool to derive an optimal combination of ecological and energy consumption properties of HEV. It is generally accepted that dynamic programming (DP) is well suited for such a task. A DP routine based on the HEV's model was developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A number of runs were executed. Results have revealed an apparent trade-off between fuel effectiveness of HEV and NOx emissions. Based on comprehensive analysis of results, certain ways to deal with this trade-off were offered.
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Katona, Mihály, et Péter Kiss. « Modelling of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and its Control Circuit in Simulink Environment ». Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (septembre 2021) : 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.286.
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The most commonly used electric motor in electric vehicles is the permanent magnet synchronous motor. The primary production and refinement of rare earth materials used in these motors are immensely damaging to the environment. A new wave of technology in the aspect of electric motors is emerging and that is the non-rare earth element magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor. During the development process it is beneficial to keep the expenditures at the minimum. To reach that goal a comprehensive simulation of the designed motor and its control circuit could be the answer. It is reasonable to use software based on finite element calculations such as FEMM and mathematical simulations as Matlab Simulink. By implementing the equations and methods described in this paper the electric powertrain can be created generally. The specification is highly dependent on the input parameters that are extracted from finite element 2D calculations. In this case, the model approximates the expected behaviour of the investigated construction. A complete driving cycle can be examined, operating points can be determined, and the efficiency map can be created to help the research.
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Wang, Jun-bin, et Lu-fei Huang. « A Game-Theoretic Analytical Approach for Fostering Energy-Saving Innovation in the Electric Vehicle Supply Chain ». SAGE Open 11, no 2 (avril 2021) : 215824402110215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211021581.
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Motivated by the industrial observation that electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers are often fully or partially outsourcing some specific components, for instance, powertrains and battery systems, and rely on their suppliers’ energy-saving innovation to improve their own EVs’ comprehensive performances, this study builds an analytical framework to investigate how different cooperation modes affect the EV supply chain’s energy-saving performance and firms’ profitability. As a main barrier preventing potential consumers from purchasing EVs, the consumer range anxiety for EVs’ performance was incorporated into the analytical model. Three primary cases and one strategic alliance case are sequentially analyzed. The results show that the supplier always self-motivates to implement energy-saving innovation to improve the performance of the core component, and the EV manufacturer is always willing to participate in its supplier’s energy-saving innovation by sharing a fraction of the investment. Moreover, a strategic alliance between the manufacturer and the supplier can effectively improve the profit of the whole supply chain. This strategic alliance can be coordinated through a generalized Nash-bargaining mechanism.
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Yildiz, Ahmet, et Mert Ali Özel. « A Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and Recovery of Autonomous Fuel-Cell Hydrogen–Electric Vehicles Using Different Powertrains Based on Regenerative Braking and Electronic Stability Control System ». Applied Sciences 11, no 6 (11 mars 2021) : 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062515.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Today, with the increasing transition to electric vehicles (EVs), the design of highly energy-efficient vehicle architectures has taken precedence for many car manufacturers. To this end, the energy consumption and recovery rates of different powertrain vehicle architectures need to be investigated comprehensively. In this study, six different powertrain architectures—four independent in-wheel motors with regenerative electronic stability control (RESC) and without an RESC, one-stage gear (1G) transmission, two-stage gear (2G) transmission, continuously variable transmission (CVT) and downsized electric motor with CVT—were mathematically modeled and analyzed under real road conditions using nonlinear models of an autonomous hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicle (HFCEV). The aims of this paper were twofold: first, to compare the energy consumption performance of powertrain architectures by analyzing the effects of the regenerative electronic stability control (RESC) system, and secondly, to investigate the usability of a downsized electrical motor for an HFCEV. For this purpose, all the numerical simulations were conducted for the well-known FTP75 and NEDC urban drive cycles. The obtained results demonstrate that the minimum energy consumption can be achieved by a 2G-based powertrain using the same motor; however, when an RESC system is used, the energy recovery/consumption rate can be increased. Moreover, the results of the article show that it is possible to use a downsized electric motor due to the CVT, and this powertrain significantly reduces the energy consumption of the HFCEV as compared to all the other systems. The results of this paper present highly significant implications for automotive manufacturers for designing and developing a cleaner electrical vehicle energy consumption and recovery system.
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Pusztai, Zoltán, Péter Kőrös, Ferenc Szauter et Ferenc Friedler. « Vehicle Model-Based Driving Strategy Optimization for Lightweight Vehicle ». Energies 15, no 10 (16 mai 2022) : 3631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103631.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, driving strategy optimization for a track is proposed for an energy efficient battery electric vehicle dedicated to the Shell Eco-marathon. A measurement-based mathematical vehicle model was developed to simulate the behavior of the vehicle. The model contains complicated elements such as the vehicle’s cornering resistance and the efficiency field of the entire powertrain. The validation of the model was presented by using the collected telemetry data from the 2019 Shell Eco-marathon competition in London (UK). The evaluation of applicable powertrains was carried out before the driving strategy optimization. The optimal acceleration curve for each investigated powertrain was defined. Using the proper powertrain is a crucial part of energy efficiency, as the drive has the most significant energy demand among all components. Two tracks with different characteristics were analyzed to show the efficiency of the proposed optimization method. The optimization results are compared to the reference method from the literature. The results of this study provide an applicable vehicle modelling methodology with efficient optimization framework, which demonstrates 5.5% improvement in energy consumption compared to the reference optimization theory.
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Angerer, C., B. Mößner, M. Lüst, S. Büchner, F. Sträußl et M. Lienkamp. « Parameter-adaption for a vehicle dynamics model for the evaluation of powertrain concept designs ». MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019) : 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The powertrain design of multi-motor electric vehicles directly affects not only costs, consumption and acceleration, but also the handling of a vehicle. Therefore, a holistic powertrain design optimization needs to include a vehicle dynamics model in its objective function. While the parameters for the powertrain model result from the design variables that describe the powertrain, the parameters for the vehicle dynamics model must be adapted in a feasible way to ensure comparable results. Therefore, the authors present a method on how to adaptively parametrize a double-track vehicle dynamics model for the use in powertrain design optimization. Automated design calculations for all main chassis and suspension parts are used to determine the parameters for the model. A parameter variation proves the plausibility of the approach. The results show that an adaption of the suspension and chassis parameters due to changes in the powertrain make results more comparable but do not compensate for the effects on the vehicle handling. In particular, the steady state longitudinal load distribution still has major influences on the vehicle handling.
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Rakha, Hesham A., Kyoungho Ahn, Waleed Faris et Kevin S. Moran. « Simple Vehicle Powertrain Model for Modeling Intelligent Vehicle Applications ». IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 13, no 2 (juin 2012) : 770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2188517.
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Nhan, TRAN Huu, NGUYEN Ngoc Thanh, VO Ba Khanh Trinh et NGUYEN Van Nguyen. « Dynamic analysis of small gasoline car model powertrain using MATLAB / SIMDRIVELINE ». Science & ; Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI2 (15 avril 2021) : first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi2.575.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The powertrain model of a vehicle using a small gasoline engine is designed based on the analysis results of the Matlab/Simdriveline simulation model. In which, the vehicle's powertrain model parts include: engine, clutch, gearbox, differential and wheels, and overall vehicle modeled by Matlab/ Simdriveline. Mathematical basis of the corresponding models for systems or components are used to build simulated models for the entire vehicle's powertrain system. The input parameters for the simulation problem include parameters of the size, mass, structural and technical parameters of each system such as transmission ratio, power, velocity, efficiency, determined based on actual vehicle model and empirical calculations. The simulation calculation process is done on the basis of the variation of the engine power, from which, the corresponding input and output kinetic and dynamic parameters of each system in the powertrain system consists of clutch, gearbox, differential, are obtained in the time domain. The results of simulation calculation of the kinematics and dynamics of each system in the vehicle's powertrain are analyzed as a basis for design improvement to improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle model.
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He, Yuebo, Hui Gao, Hai Liu et Guoxi Jing. « Identification of prominent noise components of an electric powertrain using a psychoacoustic model ». Noise Control Engineering Journal 70, no 2 (1 mars 2022) : 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/37709.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Because of the electric power transmission system has no sound masking effect compared with the traditional internal combustion power transmission system, electric powertrain noise has become the prominent noise of electric vehicles, adversely affecting the sound quality of the vehicle interior. Because of the strong coupling of motor and transmission noise, it is difficult to separate and identify the compositions of the electric powertrain by experiments. A psychoacoustic model is used to separate and identify the noise sources of the electric powertrain of a vehicle, considering the masking effect of the human ear. The electric powertrain noise is tested in a semi-anechoic chamber and recorded by a high-precision noise sensor. The noise source compositions of the electric powertrain are analyzed by the computational auditory scene analysis and robust independent component analysis. Five independent noise sources are obtained, i.e., the fundamental frequency of the first gear mesh noise, fundamental frequency of the second gear mesh noise, double frequency of the second gear mesh noise, radial electromagnetic force noise and stator slot harmonic noise. The results provide a guide for the optimization of the sound quality of the electric powertrain and for the improvement of the sound quality of the vehicle interior.
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Yao, Zhenhui, Cedric Mousseau, Ben G. Kao et Efstratios Nikolaidis. « An efficient powertrain simulation model for vehicle performance ». International Journal of Vehicle Design 47, no 1/2/3/4 (2008) : 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2008.020887.
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TOMASIKOVA, Maria, Frantisek BRUMERČÍK et Aleksander NIEOCZYM. « DESIGN AND DYNAMICS MODELING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ». Applied Computer Science 13, no 3 (30 septembre 2017) : 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/acs-2017-18.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper descript software for vehicle simulation and mathematical models that describe the motion of the vehicle. A dynamic simulation model of vehicle was developed using Matlab/Simulink and SimDriveline toolbox. The model has a configurable structure that is suitable to simulation with multiple levels. The powertrain system model developed using Simulink and SimDrivline could also be used as a generic, modular and flexible vehicle modeling platform to support the integration of powertrain design and control system optimization.
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Liu, Hui, Shuo Zhang, Wei He et Li Jin Han. « Natural and Forced Vibration of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (octobre 2013) : 3141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3141.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, the natural vibration characteristics of a hybrid vehicle powertrain are simulated. The nonlinear dynamic model is proposed by using the lumped parameter method, and the dynamic response characteristics of the powertrain with a wide range change of engine speed and torque are studied. The conclusions provide the basis for the system design and control strategies constituting of hybrid vehicle powertrain.
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Ye, Ming, Yitao Long, Yi Sui, Yonggang Liu et Qiao Li. « Active Control and Validation of the Electric Vehicle Powertrain System Using the Vehicle Cluster Environment ». Energies 12, no 19 (24 septembre 2019) : 3642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193642.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the development of intelligent vehicle technologies, vehicles can obtain more and more information from various sensors. Many researchers have focused on the vertical and horizontal relationships between vehicles in a vehicle cluster environment and control of the vehicle power system. When the vehicle is driving in the cluster environment, the powertrain system should quickly respond to the driver’s dynamic demand, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly passing through the cluster environment. The vehicle powertrain system should be regarded as a separate individual to research its active control strategy in a vehicle cluster environment to improve the control effect. In this study, the driving characteristics of vehicles in a cluster environment have been analyzed, and a vehicle power-demanded prediction algorithm based on a vehicle-following model has been proposed in a cluster environment. Based on the vehicle power demand forecast and driver operation, an active control strategy of the vehicle powertrain system has been designed considering the passive control strategy of the powertrain system. The results show that the vehicle powertrain system can ensure a sufficient backup power with the active control proposed in the paper, and the motor efficiency is improved by 0.61% compared with that of the passive control strategy. Moreover, the overall efficiency of the powertrain system is increased by 0.6% and the effectiveness of the active control is validated using the vehicle cluster environment.
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Tan, Bohuan, Yuanchang Chen, Quanfu Liao, Bangji Zhang, Nong Zhang et Qingxi Xie. « A condensed dynamic model of a heavy-duty truck for optimization of the powertrain mounting system considering the chassis frame flexibility ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no 10-11 (15 avril 2020) : 2602–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020909241.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The existing powertrain mounting models of the heavy-duty truck for optimizing the mounts parameters cannot well describe the deformation of the chassis frame. To overcome this disadvantage, a new full vehicle model is proposed which embraces the view of system modeling and includes the frame flexibility. The model can achieve optimal parameters of the Powertrain Mounting System for isolating the vibration transmitted from the powertrain to the chassis. A model reduction technique, improved reduced system, is used to obtain a reduced model of the frame to represent its original large-scale finite element analysis model for the accessibility of time-efficient solutions of the model. The reduced frame model is integrated with the powertrain mounting and suspension model to form the full dynamic model of the vehicle. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model are evaluated by its original vehicle model built in software ADAMS and an existing rigid model with rigid foundation. A hybrid model optimization strategy is also presented to tune the dynamic parameters of the powertrain mounts using the developed coupling model. The simulation results show that the proposed coupling model has better representation of the dynamic characteristics of the real vehicle system, and the presented hybrid model optimization strategy can obtain better optimization results compared with the existing rigid model with rigid foundation. In addition, the application of the proposed model can also be extended to the vibration control and the structural fatigue prediction.
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Çağatay Bayindir, Kamil, Mehmet Ali Gözüküçük et Ahmet Teke. « A comprehensive overview of hybrid electric vehicle : Powertrain configurations, powertrain control techniques and electronic control units ». Energy Conversion and Management 52, no 2 (février 2011) : 1305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.09.028.
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Wang, Dao-Yong, Xue-Zhi Zhao et Wen-Bin Shangguan. « Design method for a powertrain mounting system to decrease the vehicle key on/off vibrations ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no 9 (19 septembre 2017) : 1221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017728190.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Five dynamic response evaluation indices from the viewpoint of the powertrain mount system and the vehicle system during the vehicle key on/off periods (i.e. the engine start and stop) are proposed. By analysis using different methods to minimize the powertrain vibration, it was found that an increase in the mount system damping can decrease the vehicle key on and key off vibration. For this reason, in this paper a semi-active hydraulic damping strut is designed and made which can provide high damping for a mount system when the vehicle key on/off but switches to lower damping to isolate high-frequency vibrations under normal conditions. The calculated longitudinal acceleration of the powertrain, the jerk of the powertrain, the dynamic force of the mount and the vibration dose value for a vehicle with the semi-active hydraulic damping strut and without the semi-active hydraulic damping strut are compared on the basis of the excitation force identified for the powertrain using a 13-degree-of-freedom vehicle model. Experiments were carried out, and the results show that the use of the semi-active hydraulic damping strut can decrease the engine start and stop vibrations to a large extent. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the calculated values from the 13-degree-of-freedom vehicle model.
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Kulikov, Ilya. « Model Analysis of Electrically Driven Vehicles by Means of Unknown Input Observers ». Energies 12, no 12 (21 juin 2019) : 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122397.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article describes a method to analyze the powertrain operation of electrically driven vehicles in cases of insufficient information (i.e., unknown control algorithms, no torque measurements during vehicle tests). The method implies mathematical modeling with involvement of so-called unknown input observers. A variant of such an observer is proposed. Using that observer, studies of a hybrid vehicle and a pure electric vehicle are performed. The models with torque observers simulated tests of said vehicles conducted on a chassis dynamometer and on roads. For the hybrid vehicle, operating regimes of main powertrain components were identified. For the electric vehicle, the identification revealed a coordinated operation of regenerative braking and mechanical braking. Adequacy of the modeling, including identification of the unmeasured torques, was verified through a comparison with experimental data.
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Karnik, Amey Y., Adrian Fuxman, Phillip Bonkoski, Mrdjan Jankovic et Jaroslav Pekar. « Vehicle Powertrain Thermal Management System Using Model Predictive Control ». SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 9, no 3 (5 avril 2016) : 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0215.
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Pan, Gong Yu, You Yan et Xin Yang. « Optimization of Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System Based on Adams/View ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (juin 2013) : 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.499.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to solve the vibration problem of diesel engine powertrain assembly at its idle state, a six degree-of-freedom dynamics model of the powertrain mounting system is established and a optimization based on Adams/View is applied to simulation and analysis on the powertrain mounting system with energy decoupling method. The results show that the optimized repositioning mounts installation position can effectively improve decoupling rate in main vibration directions of mounting system, proving that the energy decoupling method has good effect on greatly improving the system’s vibration isolation efficiency.
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Gong, Xian Wu, De Jun Wu et Jian Ma. « Matching Design and Simulation of Powertrain Parameters for Electric Vehicles ». Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (janvier 2013) : 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.596.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper is aimed at developing a design methodology of powertrain parameters matching for electric vehicles. The vehicles’ dynamics were studied in an attempt to find an optimal torque-speed profile for the electric propulsion system. This study reveals that the motor peak-power characteristic is associated with acceleration and grade ability of vehicles, and the motor rated-power characteristic is related with maximum vehicle velocity. Powertrain parameters of a model vehicle were also designed through theoretical calculation and simulation. To reduce the vehicle mass, a fixed gear ratio transmission is adopted, and the transmission ratio was optimized aimed to improve the energy efficiency. The simulation with chosen driving cycles indicate that parameters matching of the vehicle powertrain are reasonable and can meet the design specification of vehicle power performance and driving range capability.
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Pan, Gong Yu, Xin Yang et You Yan. « Optimization of Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System and its Performance ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (décembre 2013) : 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.580.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to solve the vibration problem of diesel engine powertrain assembly at its idle state, a six degree-of-freedom dynamics model of the powertrain mounting system is established and a optimization based on Adams/View is applied to simulation and analysis on the powertrain mounting system with energy decoupling method. The results show that the optimized repositioning mounts installation position can effectively improve decoupling rate in main vibration directions of mounting system. Based on this, the vibration transmissibility and acceleration response before and after optimization are simulated. The results show that the optimized engine mounting system makes a great improvement of vibration isolation performance.
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Zhong, Zai Min, et Qiang Wei. « Modeling and Torsional Vibration Control Based on State Feedback for Electric Vehicle Powertrain ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (juillet 2013) : 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.411.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Electric vehicles will longitudinally vibrate obviously under acceleration and regenerative braking conditions (because of torsional vibration of the electric vehicle powertrain). This paper includes models of motor rotor, gear reducer and differential assembly, half shafts, tire and body and nonlinear powertrain dynamic model in consideration of gear backlash and frictional characteristics between tire and ground. Real car tests confirm that it is correct under acceleration conditions. Then a two mass-spring damper linear model which is simplified from the nonlinear powertrain dynamic model is proposed to design torsional vibration control algorithm based on state feedback. The simulation results show that the algorithm can actively eliminate torsional vibration.
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Atabay, Orhan, Murat Ötkür et İsmail M. Ereke. « Model based predictive engine torque control for improved drivability ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no 12 (27 octobre 2017) : 1654–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017733867.
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Elasticity of the various driveline components and backlash originating from gear reduction mechanisms and fasteners may cause torsional vibrations resulting in unintended shunt and shuffle behaviours, when a vehicle is subjected to an acceleration change request. As a result of recent improvements to engine control structures and computational capability developments during the last few decades, the idea of using generated brake torque control has been considered a state of the art research topic among academic researchers and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). In order to improve transient vehicle response to an acceleration change manoeuvre, a novel engine generated brake torque based model predictive control (MPC) algorithm with an additional anti-shuffle control element has been developed to manipulate the pedal map oriented torque demand signal in an automotive powertrain application. A four mass powertrain model was built and model validation considering longitudinal vehicle dynamics was performed with vehicle level tests using a tip-in followed by a tip out acceleration pedal signal input manoeuvre. Comparison of simulation results and vehicle test data shows that the proposed model is capable of capturing the vehicle acceleration profile revealing unintended error states for the specified input signals. MPC structures based on three mass vehicle models (derived from the four mass model via subtracting tyre dynamics due to high order nonlinearities at the tyre model) was developed in a “MATLAB/Simulink” environment to obtain a smooth and responsive acceleration profile. The MPC controller delivers signal states with the expected performance metrics without error states such as excessive jerks and shuffles. An additional engine to wheel speed difference based proportional controller is employed in order to further reduce powertrain oscillations without compromising from overall system response speed resulting in a comfortable drive.
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Jia, Xiaoyu. « Influence of System Layout on CM EMI Noise of SiC Electric Vehicle Powertrains ». CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no 4 (décembre 2021) : 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper investigates the influences of system layout on common mode (CM) EMI noise of an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain with a traction inverter using silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. First, a system level conducted EMI model for the whole SiC EV powertrain is presented, which includes a battery pack, DC cables, a SiC inverter, AC cables, and a PMSM. Then, the impacts of system layout, such as the AC cable length, the AC cable type, and the DC cable type (shielded cable and unshielded cable) on CM EMI noise are analyzed through time domain simulations of the system level conducted EMI model. Next, a conducted EMI emission test-bed for a SiC EV powertrain is built. Finally, experiments on the test-bed are carried out to verify the influences of system layout on CM EMI noise in the SiC EV powertrain.
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Wu, Fei, Huan Liu et Bing Zeng. « The Effects Research of Elastic Coupling on Torsional Vibration Test-Bed ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (novembre 2012) : 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.507.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The powertrain of vehicle is actually a multi-freedom torsional vibration system, its torsional vibration directly affect the vehicle’ ride comfort and safety. In this paper, the effects of elastic couplings on the newly built torsional vibration test-bed were researched. Firstly, using the basic principle of equivalent conversion, established the torsional vibration equivalent model. Secondly, analyzed the free torsional vibration of the powertrain by the dynamics analysis software-ADAMS and obtained the torsional vibration characteristic of the powertrain with different elastic couplings. Finally，fitted out the curve of stiffness and natural frequency by the least squares method.
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Shen, Hui-Min, Pei Tang, Feng Bian, Xiang-Wei Wu, Wen-Jie Zhao et Liang-Liang Hu. « An Experimental Study of Vehicle 1st Order Vibration Improvement at Engine Idle ». International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 25, no 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.41708.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An experimental study of the 1st order vibration improvement at engine idle condition of a malfunctional vehicle in development is presented in this work. Firstly, the generation mechanism of the vehicle 1st order vibration problem at engine idle is analyzed based on theoretical analysis. Then, experiments are designed to derive the possible vibration excitation source and transfer path through comprehensive analysis. The powertrain rotational system imbalance exceeding a limit is determined to be the main reason for the vehicle 1st order abnormal vibration. The resonance of the mounting system excited by the powertrain rotational system intensifies the 1st order abnormal vibration. Experimental analyses show that the clutch imbalance severely exceeds the prescribed limit, which confirms the diagnosis of the excitation source, and a significant improvement of about 87% of the 1st order vibration can be achieved by adjusting the clutch imbalance.
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König, Adrian, Sebastian Mayer, Lorenzo Nicoletti, Stephan Tumphart et Markus Lienkamp. « The Impact of HVAC on the Development of Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Concepts ». Energies 15, no 2 (9 janvier 2022) : 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Automation and electrification are changing vehicles and mobility. Whereas electrification is mainly changing the powertrain, automation enables the rethinking of the vehicle and its applications. The actual driving range is an important requirement for the design of automated and electric vehicles, especially if they are part of a fleet. To size the battery accordingly, not only the consumption of the powertrain has to be estimated, but also that of the auxiliary users. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is one of the biggest auxiliary consumers. Thus, a variable HVAC model for vehicles with electric powertrain was developed to estimate the consumption depending on vehicle size and weather scenario. After integrating the model into a tool for autonomous and electric vehicle concept development, various vehicle concepts were simulated in different weather scenarios and driving cycles with the HVAC consumption considered for battery sizing. The results indicate that the battery must be resized significantly depending on the weather scenario to achieve the same driving ranges. Furthermore, the percentage of HVAC consumption is in some cases higher than that of the powertrain for urban driving cycles, due to lower average speeds. Thus, the HVAC and its energy demand should especially be considered in the development of autonomous and electric vehicles that are primarily used in cities.
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Fabri, Giuseppe, Antonio Ometto, Marco Villani et Gino D’Ovidio. « A Battery-Free Sustainable Powertrain Solution for Hydrogen Fuel Cell City Transit Bus Application ». Sustainability 14, no 9 (30 avril 2022) : 5401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095401.
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The paper presents a sustainable electric powertrain for a transit city bus featuring an electrochemical battery-free power unit consisting of a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a kinetic energy storage system based on high-speed flywheels. A rare-earth free high-efficiency motor technology is adopted to pursue a more sustainable vehicle architecture by limiting the use of critical raw materials. A suitable dynamic energetic model of the full vehicle powertrain has been developed to investigate the feasibility of the traction system and the related energy management control strategy. The model includes losses characterisation, as a function of the load, of the main components of the powertrain by using experimental tests and literature data. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated by simulating a vehicle mission on an urban path in real traffic conditions. Considerations about the effectiveness of the traction system are discussed.
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Marques dos Santos, Fabio Luis, Paolo Tecchio, Fulvio Ardente et Ferenc Pekár. « User Automotive Powertrain-Type Choice Model and Analysis Using Neural Networks ». Sustainability 13, no 2 (9 janvier 2021) : 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020585.
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This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model that simulates user’s choice of electric or internal combustion engine automotive vehicles based on basic vehicle attributes (purchase price, range, operating cost, taxes due to emissions, time to refuel/recharge and vehicle price depreciation), with the objective of analyzing user behavior and creating a model that can be used to support policymaking. The ANN was trained using stated preference data from a survey carried out in six European countries, taking into account petrol, diesel and battery electric automotive vehicle attributes. Model results show that the electric vehicle parameters (especially purchase cost, range and recharge times), as well as the purchase cost of internal combustion engine vehicles, have the most influence on consumers’ vehicle choices. A graphical interface was created for the model, to make it easier to understand the interactions between different attributes and their impacts on consumer choices and thus help policy decisions.