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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Compatibility effects »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Compatibility effects"

Galantucci, Bruno, Carol A. Fowler et Louis Goldstein. « Perceptuomotor compatibility effects in speech ». Attention, Perception, & ; Psychophysics 71, n^o 5 (juillet 2009) : 1138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/app.71.5.1138.

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BaveLier, Daphne, Christine Deruelle et Jason Proksch. « Positive and negative compatibility effects ». Perception & ; Psychophysics 62, n^o 1 (janvier 2000) : 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03212064.

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Pulmannová, Sylvia. « Compatibility and decompositions of effects ». Journal of Mathematical Physics 43, n^o 5 (2002) : 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462857.

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Bossert, Magdalena, Aleksandra Kaurin, Franzis Preckel et Christian Frings. « Response-compatibility effects in children ». European Journal of Developmental Psychology 11, n^o 1 (août 2013) : 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.819286.

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Rasch, Alexander. « Compatibility, network effects, and collusion ». Economics Letters 151 (février 2017) : 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.11.031.

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Kunde, Wilfried, Jochen Müsseler et Herbert Heuer. « Spatial Compatibility Effects With Tool Use ». Human Factors : The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49, n^o 4 (août 2007) : 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872007x215737.

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Woeckener, Bernd. « Network Effects, Compatibility Decisions, and Monopolization ». Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 119, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1999) : 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.119.1.23.

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Verbruggen, Frederick, Baptist Liefooghe, Wim Notebaert et André Vandierendonck. « Effects of stimulus–stimulus compatibility and stimulus–response compatibility on response inhibition ». Acta Psychologica 120, n^o 3 (novembre 2005) : 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.05.003.

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Vršič, S., B. Pulko et L. Kocsis. « Effects of rootstock genotypes on compatibility, biomass, and the yield of Welschriesling ». Horticultural Science 43, No. 2 (23 mai 2016) : 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/141/2015-hortsci.

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Qi, Ying, Xiangyang Wang, Yujia Li, Gongyi Zhang et Huiqi Jin. « The effects of inter-organizational compatibility on knowledge transfer in cross-border M&As ». Management Decision 59, n^o 9 (8 janvier 2021) : 2123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2020-0349.

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PurposeThe study adopts congruence theory to explore the structure of inter-organizational compatibility and its structural effects on knowledge transfer in cross-border merger and acquisitions (M&As).Design/methodology/approachThis paper built a moderated-mediation model that presented the relationship between inter-organizational compatibility and knowledge transfer. Regression analysis was conducted with 182 samples from China to examine the model and hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that inter-organizational compatibility is a four-dimensional construct comprising culture, strategy, routine and knowledge. Additionally, inter-organizational compatibility has structural effects on knowledge transfer. Specifically, routine compatibility mediates the relationships between cultural compatibility and knowledge transfer and between strategic compatibility and knowledge transfer. Moreover, the mediating roles are moderated by knowledge compatibility.Originality/valueThis study updates the construct and provides a comprehensive and fresh understanding of inter-organizational compatibility. Additionally, it presents the structural effects of inter-organizational compatibility on knowledge transfer.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Compatibility effects"

Grajek, Michał. « Network effects, compatibility, and adoption of standards ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15205.

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Diese Dissertation stellt ein strukturelles ökonometrisches Modell der Nachfrage mit direkten Netzwerkeffekten vor. Der strukturelle Ansatz ermöglicht es, den Umfang von Netzwerkeffekten and Netwerkkompatibilität zu identifizieren. Nach unserem Wissen ist es das erste Modell, das diese Identifikation im Falle von direkten Netzwerkeffekten ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig ist es der erste Versuch, den Umfang von Netzwerkkompatibilität mit ökonometrischen Methoden zu bestimmen. Das Modell wird dann angewandt, um die Nachfrage von Mobilfunkdienstleistungen, als auch den Zusammenhang zwischen ISO 9000 Normierung und internationalem Handel zu untersuchen. Die Schätzungsergebnisse führen zu interessanten wirtschaftspolitischen Folgerungen.
This thesis introduces a structural econometric model of demand exhibiting direct network effects. The structural approach we follow allows us to identify the extent of network effects and compatibility between competing networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that facilitates the identification in the case of direct network effects. At the same time, it is the first attempt to assess the degree of compatibility in an econometric framework. The model is then applied to investigate demand for mobile telecommunications service and the link between adoptions of ISO 9000 standard and international trade. The estimation results allow us to formulate some interesting policy conclusions.

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Grajek, Michał. « Network effects, compatibility, and adoption of standards essays in empirical industrial economics / ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974166731.

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Lin, Song Marketing Australian School of Business UNSW. « Driving preferences for co-branded products : effects of extendibility, compatibility and uncertainty ». Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Marketing, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44735.

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Firms frequently use brand extension strategies to enter new product categories. Another type of entry strategy is co-branding by effectively exploiting the equity of both constituent brands. Co-branding may effectively drive consumer preferences if consumers believe the combination of two brands offers a better solution than either one separately. However, there is also the risk that consumers may get confused with the combination, or have perceptions of strengths regarding one of the brands diluted, leading to the failure of this strategy. While much has been written on brand-category extension, despite its prevalence, the use of co-brands to enter a new category has attracted relatively little attention. In this study, the author models the effects on consumer perceptions and preferences of combining two brand names for a new product. The proposed model provides a mechanism to represent how consumers prior attribute beliefs about constituent brands, the extendibility of the brands into the extension category, the compatibility between the constituent brands, and the uncertainty associated with them can jointly determine their preferences for the co-branded product. The contribution that this model enables is a means to study co-branding and new category entry simultaneously, by assessing the drivers of consumer preference for a co-brand in a new product category. An empirical study is designed to test the model, using real brands and hypothetical extensions and co-brands. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications of this study are discussed.

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Wilson, Leslie Ellen. « The effects of trainee choice and training method compatibility on motivation to learn ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28834.

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Varshney, Nicole Memorice. « The effects of prior knowledge on concept learning : an issue of function compatibility ». Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24044.

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This study examines how prior knowledge influences future learning. Although it has been established that prior knowledge does have a strong impact on later learning, it is not clear how this effect manifests itself. Previous research suggests that one way to examine the effects of knowledge on learning is to compare subtasking, that is, dividing a task into subsets, to unstructured learning, or learning "all-at-once". Neural network simulations using the cascade-correlation learning algorithm predict that subtasking facilitates learning when it involves learning a function that is compatible (i.e., logically consistent) with the rest of the task, and hinders learning when it involves learning a function that is incompatible with the rest of the task (Tetewsky, Shultz, & Takane, 1995). Two experiments were conducted to test these predictions using a concept learning task, measuring the number of trials required for participants to correctly classify 16 stimuli, consisting of key images defined by four binary dimensions, into two groups based on a relationship between the stimulus dimensions that was either simple or complex. The results indicated that the simple subtasking condition provides a good example of the effects of function compatibility, in that depending on what regularity participants extract in the first subset, learning of the rest of the task is facilitated or hindered as compared to all-at-once learning. The complex condition shows that some participants extracted a function in the first subset that was compatible with the rest of the task, thus facilitating learning as compared to all-at-once learning. However, for other participants, the knowledge acquired in subtasking is inaccessible in later learning. These findings provide evidence for the psychological validity of the simulations. Implications to part-whole transfer and applications in concept learning research are discussed.

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Dickenson, Adrian C. « Repetition and interference effects in spatial stimulus - response compatibility : automatic and strategic factors ». Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314357.

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Oh, Chang-Geun. « The Effects of Proximity Compatibility and Graphics on Spatio-Temporal SituationAwareness for Navigation ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1453218915.

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Nieman, Dylan Andersen Richard A. « Postdiction and the effects of spatial, temporal, and feature compatibility on sensory integration / ». Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01092007-152909.

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Fintor, Edina [Verfasser], Iring [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch et Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiesel. « New insights into modality-compatibility effects in task switching / Edina Fintor ; Iring Koch, Andrea Kiesel ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1210929058/34.

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Fintor, Edina Verfasser], Iring [Akademischer Betreuer] [Koch et Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Kiesel. « New insights into modality-compatibility effects in task switching / Edina Fintor ; Iring Koch, Andrea Kiesel ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1210929058/34.

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Livres sur le sujet "Compatibility effects"

F, Williams D., dir. Blood compatibility. Boca Raton, Fla : CRC Press, 1987.

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Knittel, Christopher R. Compatibility and pricing with indirect network effects : Evidence from atms. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Nichiporuk, Brian. Forecasting the effects of Army XXI design upon multinational force compatibility. Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2000.

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Knittel, Christopher R. Compatibility and pricing with indirect network effects : Evidence from ATMs (with Chris Knittel). [Chicago, Ill.] : Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2003.

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Ho, Jeannette Yin Chun. The effects of surface-modifying macromolecules on the blood compatibility of polyethersulfone membranes intended for biomedical applications. Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Taddie, Nance Sandra, Garratty George et Seminar, Immune Destruction of Red Blood Cells (1989 : New Orleans, La.), dir. Immune destruction of red blood cells. Arlington, Va : American Association of Blood Banks, 1989.

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San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission., dir. Public access and wildlife compatibility : Staff report. San Francisco, Calif : San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, 2000.

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G, Dawids S., dir. Test procedures for the blood compatibility of biomaterials. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

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Leuthold, Hartmut. Analysis of spatial stimulus response compatibility and the Simon effect by means of overt behavioral and electrophysiological measures : Covert response activation as a common basis ? Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 1994.

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Forecasting the Effects of Army XXI Design Upon Multinational Force Compatibility. RAND Corporation, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/db279.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Compatibility effects"

Gabrisak, Martin. « HIRF and Lightning Effects and Testing ». Dans Handbook of Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility, 187–346. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119082880.ch4.

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Majid, Irfan. « EMI Effects in Flight Control Systems and Their Mitigations ». Dans Handbook of Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility, 537–602. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119082880.ch10.

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Christopoulos, Christos. « Effects of Electromagnetic Interference on Devices and Systems ». Dans Principles and Techniques of Electromagnetic Compatibility, 203–10. 3^e éd. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310983-11.

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Perez, Reinaldo J. « Analysis and Simulations of Space Radiation-Induced Single-Event Effects and Transients ». Dans Handbook of Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility, 705–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119082880.ch14.

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Field, S. B. « Non-Stochastic Effects : Compatibility with Present ICRP Recommendations ». Dans Radiation Carcinogenesis and DNA Alterations, 539–57. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5269-3_45.

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Keller, Reto B. « Components ». Dans Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell, 145–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14186-7_11.

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AbstractIn order to choose the right components for EMI filters, it is essential to understand the properties and nonideal behavior of passive filter components. Therefore, in this chapter, the high-frequency behavior and other undesirable effects of conductors (wires, cables, PCB traces), resistors, capacitors, inductors, ferrite beads, common-mode chokes, baluns, varistors, and TVS diodes are presented.

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Tsang, Steve Ngai Hung, Ken W. L. Chan et Alan H. S. Chan. « Effects of Stimulus Orientation, Grouping and Alignment on Spatial S-R Compatibility ». Dans Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction Design, 650–59. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39209-2_73.

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Realyvásquez, Arturo, Aidé-Aracely Maldonado-Macías, Jorge-Luis García-Alcaraz, Karla-Gabriela Gómez-Bull et Julio Blanco-Fernández. « Effects of Macro-ergonomic Compatibility of Work Demands on Manufacturing Systems’ Organizational Performance ». Dans Advances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing : Managing the Enterprise of the Future, 431–43. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41697-7_38.

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Liu, Pan, et Shu-ping Yi. « The Effects of Extend Compatibility and Use Context on NFC Mobile Payment Adoption Intention ». Dans Advances in Human Factors and System Interactions, 57–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41956-5_6.

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Shen, I.-Hsuan, Kong-King Shieh et Shin-Yuan Tsai. « Event-Related Potential as a Measure of Effects of Report Order and Compatibility on Identification on Multidimensional Stimulus ». Dans Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 591–99. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73331-7_65.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Compatibility effects"

Hargis, C. « Inverter/motor compatibility solutions ». Dans IEE Colloquium Effects of High Speed Switching on Motors and Drives. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990740.

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Critchley, R. « Inverter/motor inter-compatibility with particular bias to insulation ». Dans IEE Colloquium Effects of High Speed Switching on Motors and Drives. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990736.

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Duan, Jin, Xiao-Ming Chen et Yun-Gui Li. « About the Effects of Mesh Size and Compatibility ». Dans 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering. Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icadme-15.2015.355.

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Launay, J. C., H. J. von Bardeleben et V. Mazoyer. « Photorefractive materials, effects and devices topical meeting Kiev - 1993 : A PHOTO ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF VANADIUM DOPED HIGH RESISTIVE CdTe ». Dans Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices II. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pmed.1993.frh.1.

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CALIGIORE, D., A. M. BORGHI, D. PARISI et G. BALDASSARRE. « AFFORDANCES AND COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS : A NEURAL-NETWORK COMPUTATIONAL MODEL ». Dans Proceedings of the 11th Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834232_0002.

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Chamon, Lucas E. A., Claudio H. G. Santos, Kenedy M. dos Santos, Tarcisio A. S. de Oliveira et Leonardo A. L. dos Santos. « Dielectric effects in electromagnetic compatibility experiments for automotive vehicles ». Dans 2010 9th IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications - INDUSCON 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/induscon.2010.5739927.

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Xiang, Xianwen, Jin Zhang et Kun Wang. « Express Network Compatibility Decision Model Based on Network Effects ». Dans International Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management (ICLEM) 2010. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41139(387)637.

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Sienkiewicz, Z. « Biological effects of electromagnetic fields and radiation ». Dans 9th International Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19940670.

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Leferink, Frank, Istvan Knijff et Anne Roc'h. « Experiments for educating electromagnetic effects ». Dans 2008 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC Europe. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope.2008.4786914.

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Ali, S. M., et Huanhuan Gu. « Chassis wavemode effects on hearing aid compatibility at 900 MHz ». Dans 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2010.5562152.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Compatibility effects"

Prussack, Michael. High Recoil Munitions Weapon Compatibility Issues & ; Shooter Effects. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386279.

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Knittel, Christopher, et Victor Stango. Compatibility and Pricing with Indirect Network Effects : Evidence from ATMs. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, septembre 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10774.

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Doerr, R., et S. Kujak. Compatibility of refrigerants and lubricants with motor materials. Volume 2, Effects of refrigerant exposures on motor materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177149.

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Doerr, R., et S. Kujak. Compatibility of refrigerants and lubricants with motor materials. Volume 3, Effects of refrigerant-lubricant exposures on motor materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177147.

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Lance, Richard, et Xin Guan. Variation in inhibitor effects on qPCR assays and implications for eDNA surveys. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41740.

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Aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are sometimes impacted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. We tested varying concentrations of different inhibitors (humic, phytic, and tannic acids; crude leaf extracts) for impacts on quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays designed for eDNA surveys of bighead and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). We also tested for inhibition by high concentrations of exogenous DNA, hypothesizing that DNA from increasingly closely related species would be increasingly inhibitory. All tested inhibitors impacted qPCR, though only at very high concentrations — likely a function, in part, of having used an inhibitor-resistant qPCR solution. Closer phylogenetic relatedness resulted in inhibition at lower exogenous DNA concentrations, but not at relatively close phylogenetic scales. Inhibition was also influenced by the qPCR reporter dye used. Importantly, different qPCR assays responded differently to the same inhibitor concentrations. Implications of these results are that the inclusion of more than one assay for the same target taxa in an eDNA survey may be an important countermeasure against false negatives and that internal positive controls may not, in the absence of efforts to maximize inhibition compatibility, provide useful information about the inhibition of an eDNA assay.

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Eyal, Yoram, et Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, mai 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.

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During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.

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Prusky, Dov, Lisa Vaillancourt et Robert Fluhr. Host Ammonification by Postharvest Pathogens and its Contribution to Fungal Colonization and Symptom Development. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592640.bard.

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Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables caused by pathogenic and saprophytic fungi significantly impairs the quality and quantity of fresh produce brought to market. Consequently, there is considerable interest in identifying factors that determine the susceptibility of these commodities to pathogen infection. Insidious postharvest decays remain quiescent during fruit growth and harvest, but activate during the postharvest period. A key response to the physiological changes occurring during fruit ripening is the initiation of ammonium secretion by the pathogen. Ammonium ions at the infection site (ammonification) have subsequent effects on both the pathogen and the host. An accompanying alkalinization process resulting from ammonia accumulation contributes to pathogenicity, since some important fungal virulence factors, (such as pectate lyase in Colletotrichum sp.), are significantly expressed only under alkaline conditions. In this proposal, investigated the mechanisms by which ammonification and alkalinization of infected tissues by the pathogen affect the host’s defense response to fungal attack, and instead increase compatibility during postharvest pathogen-host interactions. Our hypotheses were:1) that host signals, including ripening-related changes, induce secretion of ammonia by the pathogen; 2) that ammonia accumulation, and the resultant environmental alkalinization regulate the expression of fungal virulence genes that are essential for postharvest rot development; 3) that ammonification enhanced fungal colonization, by “suppression of host responses”, including production of reactive oxygen species, activation of superoxide, and polyphenol oxidase production. Our objectives were: to analyze: 1) factor(s) which activate the production and secretion of ammonia by the fungus; 2) fungal gene(s) that play role(s) in the ammonification process; 3) the relationship between ammonification and the activation of host defense response(s) during pathogen colonization; and 4) analyze hostgene expression in alkalinized regions of fruits attacked by hemibiotrophic fungi.

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FONDEUR, FERNANDO, et THOMAS SKIDMORE. The Effect of TiDG, DCiTG (Lix®79), and Other Suppressors on the Compatibility of NGS with SWPF Polymers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1673312.

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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson et Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.

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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.

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Wilson, Charles, et Edo Chalutz. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Citrus and Deciduous Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7603518.bard.

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The objectives of this research were to develop control measures of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits by using naturally-occurring, non-antibiotic-producing antagonists; study the mode of action of effective antagonists and optimize their application methods. Several antagonists were found against a variety of diseases of fruits and vegetables. One particularly effective yeast antagonist (US-7) was chosen for more in-depth studies. This antagonist outcompetes rot pathogens at the wound site for nutrients and space; it is better adapted than the pathogen to extreme environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and osmotic changes, and is relatively resistant to common postharvest fungicides. Our data suggests that other modes of action may also be involved. These are induction of host resistance by the antagonists or its products, and direct interaction between the antagonists and the pathogen with the possible involvement of an extracellular material and/or cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the antagonist. However, these interactions were not fully elucidated. The antagonistic activity of US-7 and other biocontrol agents isolated, was enhanced by calcium salts. While the mode of action is not known, the addition of these salts had a significant effect both in laboratory experiments and in large-scale tests. Compatibility of the yeast antagonist with present packinghouse treatments and procedures was determined. An integrated control procedure was developed, utilizing the antagonists together with ultra-low dosages of fungicides and activity-enhancing additives. This cooperative research resulted in numerous publications describing the antagonistic agents. their mode of action and possible commercial application. Patents were developed from this research and a commercial company is pursuing the licensing of these patents and the testing of the procedure on a commercial scale. Our research findings have expanded the potential for using non-antibiotic-producing antagonistic microorganisms in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables; thus meeting a critical need to find alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides on food products.

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