Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Comparing socio-economic entities »

This study shows that ensuring socio-economic security of the country, which is defined as a set of conditions necessary to ensure normal economic development. It is almost the most important determinant that determines the favorable conditions of economic activity of economic entities. In general, the socio-economic security of business entities ensures the ability to create and maintain such conditions of economic activity, under which the influence of external and internal factors does not lead to negative processes regarding sustainable development, necessary for achieving the set goals. It considers the system approach to the assessment of socio-economic security of business entities considers which includes the following assessment parameters: main purpose and objectives of the analysis of socio-economic security, selecting types of the analysis of socio-economic security, establishing basic rules and analysis stages, selecting and using basic models, methods and indicators to assess socio-economic security, construction of the aggregated indicator. The study researches of the methods of assessment of socio-economic security. It suggests that the index of socio-economic security is defined by comparing volumes of a company's gross investments and the amount of resources needed to maintain an optimal indicator of socio-economic security, since the source of socio-economic security is the profit received by the company resulting from the interaction with external environment subjects. According to the results of the conducted assessment of socio-economic security by comparing volumes of the company's gross investments and the amount of resources needed to maintain an optimal indicator of socio-economic security, the integral estimate of security in recent years was obtained. The article outlines the aspects of simulating the socio-economic security of business entities, conducted by means of correlation and regression analysis and by forecasting the future security level using quantitative indicators. Using the trends, the paper analyzes the principle and characteristics of other simulating and forecasting techniques and identifies their advantages and disadvantages. It allows considering as practicable the use of correlation and regression analysis and its results, while making management decisions to enhance the socio-economic security of business entities. Keywords: economic security, national economy, national security, socio-economic security, structural changes, business entities, economic structure, modelling

Building ratings of territorial entities both within the countries in line with their administrative-territorial division, patterns, economic, historic, social, ethnic or religious relationships, environmental features; and also when comparing individual countries and their coalitions to date is a very urgent problem, the solution of which allows for selective estimation of the level of socio-economic, political and ecological status of the territories, as well as comparing them with the unity of the methodological approaches to the assessment of the territories, and also explore the changes over time of this state or condition while maintaining comparability of the sample data on a single ranking methodology with the set of indicators. Ratings can be used as the indicators of «response» for the territorial entities and their population in the ongoing transformation of the management bodies of the territories as an integral component of their monitoring system of socio-economic, political and environmental conditions and development. The article discusses the issues of information management provision for the building of territory rating; the article also provides a scorecard to building territory ratings within a country as well as for external comparisons. The article defnes the development prospects of this methodological approach to building rankings of territories as well as the scope of such ratings.

The processes of the economic space reforming, considering regional interests, entail the transformation of the socio-economic systems of territories and give rise to an aggravation of contradictions between the central government and the subnational entities of the country, what requires theoretical understanding of the problems and expanding the theory of the economic mechanism of federative relations. The purpose of the article is to specify and substantiate the concept of the economic federalism, considering the heterogeneity of regions, the need for spatial connectivity and cohesion of territories. The main constructive provisions of the spatial economic federalism are highlighted: the integrating role of the public sector as an institutional construct and an economic actor; the need for connectivity and cohesion of heterogeneous (territorial, governing and economic) spaces of interaction of entities of federative relations; combination of universal and adaptive parts in the institutional model of economic federalism. A methodology has been developed and tested for comparing the consistency of the economic interests of entities of federative relations in the Russian Federation, both in the context of regions and territorial zones of different functional status (centers of economic growth, geostrategic territories, etc.). The identified trends of better consistency of interests within the territorial zones structure allow us to justify the need for a new strategic format and the application of the specificity of the support measures in the territorial-functional context, the combination of universal and space-oriented tools, what would ensure the coherence of space in the Russian model of economic federalism.

Aim.The steppe zone is not only a unique natural and geographical formation, but also within the framework of European Russia a special region with specific socio-economic and demographic processes. In this article, we consider the issues of town-planning ranking of rural settlements on the basis of comparing the dynamics of their population as the most unique of all socio-economic indicators.Methods.To assess the dynamics of the population, we used the difference in population numbers over a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. When ranking settlements on the dynamics trend, 7 groups were identified, the results were mapped and analyzed.Results.Town-planning ranking has made it possible to identify the most depressive regions that gravitate toward the peripheral territories of the regions, join the borders of neighboring entities, and also form a "frontier" along the Russian-Kazakh border. The most promising areas are located in the south-west of the region under consideration (Krasnodar, Stavropol Krai, south of the Rostov region), where favorable economic and natural-climatic conditions are combined. In addition, promising rural settlements gravitate toward the administrative centers of the regions.Main conclusions.Based on the ranking we have identified trends in the decline of socio-economic indicators from west to east, the negative impact of the Russian-Kazakh border and the periphery of the territory, the growth of prospects towards the Black Sea coast, as well as "urbanization polarization", expressed in the compression of the regional urban space to urbanized centers.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a hypothesis for the genesis of Creole French by drawing conclusions from an illustrative comparison of Louisiana Creole and Haitian Creole, and by presenting a depiction of the social-historical context in which Louisiana Creole developed.Bickerton's bioprogram and Baker and Corne's model comparing Mauritian Creole and its Reunionese congener are considered and found to be inadequate descriptions of the genesis of Creole French, since they assume that all parts of colonial Saint-Domingue, the île Bourbon (Reunion) and the île de France (Mauritius) had the same demographic mix and social structure. This paper offers and alternative model which suggests that French planation colonies did not constitute monolithic socio–politico–economic entities. On the contrary, differences in social setting were reflected by variartions in the local form of Creole French. Furthermore, certain structural features were diffused from one territory to another via the focal centres that also diffused the colonial model of social, political and economic organization. These are considered together to account for the range of variation found today in Louisiana Creole, and to explain the striking similarities between Louisiana Cre le and its geographically most proximate Creole French congener, Haitian Creole.

The article concerns the issue of disparity in the level of meeting the housing needs in the rural areas of Poland. This may be regarded as a basic determinant of households’ standard of living. The goal of conducted research was an attempt to identify the level of diversification in housing status, as well as subjective assessment of life quality in rural areas and comparing these with selected unbiased characteristics of material conditions of examined entities. The number of people per 1 room in a flat, average number of square meters per capita in a flat or living in a separate dwelling were assumed as representative indicators of a household’s housing status. Selected characteristics of housing quality were also examined. A comparative analysis of the relationship between the self-assessment of housing situation, its objective characteristics and selected characteristics of households included in particular socio-economic groups was carried out. The analysis has proven a strong correlation between satisfying the households’ needs and the level of income. It is also worth to emphasise the significant impact of the reference group (the socio-economic group of households was adopted) on the self-assessment of housing status. Statistical analysis methods were implemented. The study employed data derived from the panel survey on household budget in Poland in 2016 conducted by the Central Statistical Office.

The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of interaction of economic subjects while shaping the potential of territorial marketing as a factor of its socio-economic development. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology for assessing the integral indicator of the territorial marketing functioning. The methodology of the presented study of marketing management in territorial units is based on the multivariate assessment of various economic entities that clearly shows the priorities and unevenness in the areas’ development. Area economic entities themselves are interested in the area development and determine the direction of area development. Economic entities’ direct residence and economic activity conducted by them in the area should be taken into account. This makes them serious experienced experts who are really interested in the effective and rapid development of their area. Economic entities themselves determine the measurable criteria for assessing the directions that they were originally offered. The “brainstorming” is used where the experts in the area development are involved. There is a joint process aimed at obtaining the most concrete and measurable results that actual state is assessed from 0 to 10 by the process participants based on personal observations and statistics. The evaluation of marketing results is based on the multicriteria socio-economic approach. The evaluation criteria should include the economic mechanism formation. This mechanism provides an effective interaction of market institutions and business entities in the area; selection of wholesale and retail organizational and economic forms, financial and credit and business services, as well as organizational and legal forms of trade and economic interregional ties; the markets system creation that is based on the priority provision of consumers and small owners interest; the choice of the most effective channels for goods movement, transportation, warehousing, material, financial, and information flows rationalization. The methodology for estimating the integral indicator of territorial marketing functioning that is presented in the work is based on the next indicators: financial stability, business activity, profitability, technical and technological stability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability that allows monitoring the functioning of the territorial marketing system. This methodology is universal since it allows evaluating areas of different industrial orientations and comparing them in order to identify the greatest functioning stability. Methodology for marketing research of areas potential is based on the system approach, complex consideration of conceptual principles of areas’ marketing potential formation and development; key features of territorial marketing allow carrying out purposeful actions for the sustainable development of area marketing potential, within the framework of which the conditions of its formation are determined, and their aggregate acts as a point of growth of market marketing component of the economic potential of the territory and is the basis for constructing the model of infrastructure of the marketing potential of the territory, used to make sound and balanced management decisions; developed a methodology for assessing the integral indicator of the functioning of territorial marketing. Research conclusion: grounded methodology of research of territorial marketing potential that is based on the system approach, complex consideration of concepts of area marketing potential formation and development. The key features of territorial marketing are distinguished that allow carrying out purposeful actions for the stable development of the area marketing potential, within the framework of which the conditions for its forming are determined, and their complex serves as a point of growth of market marketing component of the area economic potential and is the basis for the creation of the infrastructure model for the area marketing potential that is used to make substantiated and balanced management decisions; a methodology for assessing the integral indicator of territorial marketing is developed.

Introduction. Successful solution of the tasks of socio-economic development in the modern world is possible only in the case of effective functioning of the education system, which would provide training for a competitive personality, focused on continuous development and capable of “complying” with rapidly changing conditions of social reality. It is assumed that building an education development strategy, setting its goals and objectives should be based on the needs and problems of society, creating the basis for sustainable prosperity of the country and taking into account the needs of individual regions and territories. One of the most important mechanisms for the development of the regions of the Russian Federation remained the state educational order – officially developed task by the authorities for the creation of a specific educational product.The aims of the present article are the following: to determine the relationship between the educational state order, the volume of investments in the education system and the level of socio-economic condition of the regions; to identify the territories, which require support.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the study, the methods of comparative, statistical and system analysis, deduction and induction, generalisation and theoretical modelling were used. The object of the content analysis was the regional programmes for the development of education in 40 regions of the Russian Federation, covering the entire territory of Russia and reflecting the specific development of various regions depending on the remoteness of the capital, the status of the subject of the Russian Federation and the socio-economic development of the region.Results and scientific novelty. Russian regions were classified into four groups according to the results of the analysis of regional educational development – very high, high, moderate and low. A number of general and specific problems of education in the regions were identified: the lack of a single educational space and, as a result, the heterogeneity of educational programmes; regional leaders disregard for opportunities to expand socio-economic potential of the territories through the implementation of such programmes; the gap between the financing of education and its socio-economic importance, etc. The authors conclude that state educational order at the regional level is not considered as a vector of social and economic development of the territories, and its role is reduced to an educati onal level. It is established that the rate of development of education in the Russian regions does not always depend on their key socio-economic indicators. The greatest differentiation of the trend is recorded, when comparing the rate of development of the regional education systems and the gross regional product.Practical significance. The authors give recommendations to resolve disagreements over the formation of state education orders in the context of the socioeconomic development of regions. The need to develop regional economic development programmes, taking into account the specific social structure of the region, is emphasised. It is proposed to organise permanent social monitoring, which measures the quality of implementation of educational state order and strengthen the role of public participation when determining its content. The research materials and findings might be used by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, whose competence includes educational development issues.

The conditions for the development of modern states are impossible without cooperation and integration with other states in various socio-economic areas. The formation and protection of an alternative position in the world by a number of countries led to the creation of the BRICS association. Participation in this association is of great importance for Russia in a variety of fields. One of the promising areas of cooperation is the sphere of education in all its aspects, ranging from preschool education to the attainment of various degrees and titles. This article addresses the issue of coordination of the BRICS countries in the field of education.The basis for determining the indicators of the education systems and the principles of their comparison was the similar data from the international organizations UNESCO, OECD and Eurostat. As a result of studying the principles of collecting statistical data and methodological materials for comparing the education sector indicators in these international organizations, a certain vision of the database of the BRICS countries has been set. On the one hand, this base should not contradict international practice; on the other hand, the chosen indicators should be used by all countries of the BRICS association. Following this study, a proposal on the principles of information collection was made, as well as a proposal on the main indicators for education indicators comparison in the BRICS countries.The basis for cooperation between the education systems is a harmonized system of concepts and definitions, which allows unambiguous interpretation of such fundamental terms as education, educational program, educational institution, student, entrant, acceptance for study programs, graduates, graduations, personnel of educational institutions, expenses for education, etc.In parallel with the harmonization of the education system terminology, it is necessary to harmonize statistical indicators that can quantify the education system at all levels. As arule, observation units of education statistics are institutions that provide educational services at all levels of education to both individuals and legal entities.

This study aimed to analyze relation among religion and economy in developing work ethic. the original thesis concerning relation of religion and work ethic initiated by Max Weber in his study entitled Protestant Ethic and Spirit Capitalism. In Weberian perspective, religion take important role that developing values of work ethics e.g. rationalism, asceticism, and "calling" are encouraging human to work hard in the world. This study aimed to elaborating Weber’s thesis within comparing work ethic in others religion. Library research used as research methodology in this research. The result showed, basically, work ethic invented in many religion; nevertheless, adapted to the context of socio-cultural in society. Keywords: Work Ethic, Calvinism, Max Weber's Thought, Economic Spirit.

2013 - 2014
Nowadays, complex phenomena need to bee analyzed through appropriate statistical methods that allow considering the knowledge hidden behind the classical data structure... [edited by author]
XIII n.s.