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1
Hagberg, Sten. « Performing Tradition while Doing Politics : A comparative study of the dozos and koglweogos self-defense movements in Burkina Faso ». African Studies Review 62, no 1 (mars 2019) : 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.52.
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Abstract:This article is about self-defense movements in Burkina Faso, with an emphasis on the interplay of political pragmatics and cultural representation in public debate. It examines how two different self-defense movements—the dozos and the koglweogos—articulate tradition and politics with respect to locally organized self-defense in present-day Burkina Faso. In addition to a description of these movements, this comparative study of self-defense movements adds the important dimension of political rivalry and antagonism between the movements under study. First, it demonstrates how the state has tried to contain self-defense movements. Second, the emergence of koglweogos is analyzed with respect to public debate, as well as the state’s attempts to contain the movement bureaucratically. Third, it describes how dozos and koglweogos seek to assert public authority in “the new Burkina Faso” that has taken shape since the fall of Blaise Compaoré in October, 2014. More specifically, this article is devoted to the conflictual relationship between the dozos and the koglweogos that was publicly enacted in late 2016 and early 2017. Self-defense movements must not only be locally and traditionally legitimate, but they also need to be responsible actors in the national political space. Hence, “performing tradition, while doing politics” simultaneously represents the political containment and the cultural legitimacy of the self-defense movements.
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Vassilkov, Y. V. « The Armenian Epic “Daredevils of Sassoun” and the Mahābhārata : Similarity of the Ethnographic Substratum ». Archaeology, Ethnology & ; Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no 2 (26 juin 2019) : 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.2.140-147.
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The author summarizes the results of his search for parallels between the Armenian epic “Sasna cṙer” (“Daredevils of Sassoun”) and the Mahābhārata. The comparative study has revealed considerable similarity in the “ethnographic substratum” of both epics, particularly that relating to the archaic social organization mirrored by the epic. The earliest layer of both the Armenian and the Indian epics retains the memory of a rural, largely pastoral society, in which an important role was played by the fraternities of young warriors. In the Armenian epic, this is indicated by recurrent motifs such as the young heroes’ rampage followed by exile, the foundation of their own outpost in the backwoods, young male warriors’ fraternities, their defense of herds, warding off enemy attacks, battle frenzy (a common characteristic of all the Sasun heroes), their immutable tutor and leader (“uncle”) Keri Toros, allusions to orgiastic feasts, premarital freedom enjoyed by boys and girls, etc. In Armenians, these motifs were supported by the existence until the recent times of age sets, described by ethnographers. The comparative study of the Armenian epic reveals its hitherto unnoticed socio-historical aspects. Its wider use for studying other epic traditions (not only Indo-European but also those of other peoples inhabiting the Caucasus and the Eurasian steppes) will contribute to the comparative epic studies.
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Al Wardi, Yousuf, Sasirajan Jeevarathinam et Saleh Al Sabei. « A Cross-Cultural Anthropometric Analysis in Military Aviation ». Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no 4 (1 avril 2020) : 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5530.2020.
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BACKGROUND: Aircrew-aircraft compatibility is important in military aviation for flight safety. Anthropometric aircrew selection standards in RAFO were embedded from the selection standards of western defense forces as the aircrafts were imported from there. Henceforth efforts were made to fit local native aviators into aircrafts not initially designed for them. In view of this, this study was carried out to obtain the anthropometric data of Oman aircrew recruits and compare these with published western and eastern data with a hope to understand and highlight the aircrew-aircraft mismatch issues, if any.METHODS: The anthropometric data of 2296 Omani recruits from 2003 to 2012 were collected and their statistical distribution of data was collated. Published data from the UK and Singapore were used to carry out the comparative distribution of five anthropometric dimensions.RESULTS: Minimal differences were noted between Oman and Singaporean recruits whereas differences were most pronounced between Oman and Western populations (UK). Aircrew cadets from Oman, Singapore, and UK differed significantly in standing height. The UK cadets (M = 177.4 cm) showed the highest standing height followed by Oman cadets (M = 171.9cm), and then Singapore cadets (M = 168.5 cm).DISCUSSION: This study has provided opportunities to recognize the discrepancies involved in selection of Middle Eastern aircrew for western cockpits. This adds impetus to the scope for application of military recruitment standards suitable to the native population in aiding the ideal man-machine interface. This approach shall consider national policy, the significant anthropometric trends of the general population, and the procured aircraft profile of the country.Al Wardi Y, Jeevarathinam S, Al Sabei S. A cross-cultural anthropometric analysis in military aviation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(4):358–362.
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Seliverstov, Nikolay. « Problems of distinction of articles 243 and 2434 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ». Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no 2 (8 juillet 2021) : 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-2-99-103.
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The article is devoted to the study of such elements of crimes as Article 243 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation destruction or damage of cultural heritage objects (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation included in the unified State register of cultural heritage objects (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation, identified cultural heritage objects, natural complexes, objects taken under state protection, or cultural values) (hereinafter Article 243 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and art. The article 243.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation destruction or damage of military graves, as well as monuments, steles, obelisks, other memorial structures or objects that perpetuate the memory of those who died in the defense of the Fatherland or its interests or dedicated to the days of military glory of Russia (hereinafter Article 243.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). As an article 243.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is a novel in the criminal law of Russia, it was necessary to compare it with other related crimes in order to study possible problems and controversial questions of qualification. The article provides a comparative analysis of crimes against public morality provided for in Articles 243 and 243.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article examines their similarities and differences in such parameters of a socially dangerous act as: subject, object, subjective part and objective pa of the crime, as well as responsibility for the crime committed. The controversial issues of qualification of related crimes are studied and possible ways of their solution are given.
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Nazarova, Tatjana, et Olga Redkinа. « The Mennonites in the Civil War (1918–1920s) : Survival Practices of an Ethno-Confessional Group ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no 4 (septembre 2022) : 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.4.19.
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Introduction. The article examines the survival practices of the Mennonites during the Civil War (based on the materials of the European part of the Russian state). Methods and materials. The memoirs, letters and diaries of the Mennonites; analytical materials on the situation of the Mennonites, prepared by commissions of the RCP(b) were the source base of the study. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as special-historical methods: historical-comparative, historicalgenetic. Analysis. Analysis of the behavior of various regional groups of Mennonites during the Civil War revealed different practices of their response to wartime conditions and the nationwide crisis caused by them: political neutrality, the organization of self-defense units, active support of opposing forces, internal migration, emigration, attempts to preserve the traditional economic structure, mutual assistance. The following regional factors were identified that influenced the position of the Mennonites during the War: the brutality and proximity of hostilities; the land policy of the Bolsheviks and the acuteness of the agrarian question; the level of ethnophobia towards German-speaking citizens; the scale of repressions, confiscations; activities of the occupying German-Austrian forces, white governments, Makhnovist bands. Results. The article shows that in the south of Ukraine, where the Mennonites found themselves in the epicenter of fierce battles between Whites, Reds and Makhnovists, emigration abroad began earlier than in other regions; self-defense detachments acted in an organized manner. Ukrainian Mennonites took an active part in the activities of the German-Austrian and White armies. In other regions, the activities of self-defense detachments were less significant, instead of mass emigration abroad, the Mennonites chose internal migration to quieter areas in 1918–1920. T.P. Nazarova analyzed regional material on the development of Mennonite groups, revealed the nature of their relationship with warring political forces. O.Yu. Redkina analyzed historiography, considered the problem of the activities of the Mennonite self-defense units.
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Doornbos, Rogier F., Bart P. J. Geraats, Eiko E. Kuramae, L. C. Van Loon et Peter A. H. M. Bakker. « Effects of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid Signaling on the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Arabidopsis thaliana ». Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no 4 (avril 2011) : 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-10-0115.
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Systemically induced resistance is a promising strategy to control plant diseases, as it affects numerous pathogens. However, since induced resistance reduces one or both growth and activity of plant pathogens, the indigenous microflora may also be affected by an enhanced defensive state of the plant. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much the bacterial rhizosphere microflora of Arabidopsis is affected by induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the bacterial microflora of wild-type plants and plants affected in their defense signaling was compared. Additionally, ISR was induced by application of methyl jasmonate and SAR by treatment with salicylic acid or benzothiadiazole. As a comparative model, we also used wild type and ethylene-insensitive tobacco. Some of the Arabidopsis genotypes affected in defense signaling showed altered numbers of culturable bacteria in their rhizospheres; however, effects were dependent on soil type. Effects of plant genotype on rhizosphere bacterial community structure could not be related to plant defense because chemical activation of ISR or SAR had no significant effects on density and structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community. These findings support the notion that control of plant diseases by elicitation of systemic resistance will not significantly affect the resident soil bacterial microflora.
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Kaligis, Retor. « Nasionalisme dan kelas sosial : Ideologi dan praktik partai nasionalis di Indonesia ». Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 27, no 2 (1 avril 2014) : 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v27i22014.77-90.
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This study explores poor people or negative ownership class phenomena as result of exploitative ideology by using power including exploitation of natural resource and placement of population as cheap labor. This study explores poor people or negative ownership class phenomena as result of exploitative ideology by using power, including exploitation of natural resource and placement of human resources as cheaper labor. Although many studies about Indonesian nationalism were conducted previously, but generally the study of nationalism in relation to the poor people class in Indonesia are not the main focus of the study.This article using qualitative research method. In order to compare different phenomena in various periods, this article uses historical comparative research method. There were five levels in historical comparative research. First, is conceptualizing the object of inquiry. Second is locating the evidence. Third is evaluating quality of evidence. Fourth is organizing evidence. Fifth is syntesizing. An open interviewed was conducted with stakeholders whose directly involved in many cases within several political party bodies such as Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI). Data was analyzed by social, cultural, and political interpretation. It can be concluded tht in national politic constellation, the phenomena of poor class produce a defense term for their group, known as 'marhaen' and 'wong cilik'. Nevertheless, nationalism practice in Indonesia as represented by PNI, PDI, dan PDI Perjuangan, have not yet succedeed to freed poor people from social aleniation in political power contestation, the ownership of capital, or in relations between state and government. This nation still struggled to build competitive political and economical power in order to reate a social transformation.
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Zaitcev, Andrei. « The Rule of the Nehru-Gandhi political dynasty as a phenomenon of the Political Life of Independent India (based on the materials of domestic and Indian historiography) ». Genesis : исторические исследования, no 8 (août 2022) : 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.8.38396.
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The author considers the problem of the Nehru-Gandhi family rule as a phenomenon of the political history of modern, postcolonial India. The purpose of this work is to identify the main aspects of this phenomenon identified by domestic and Indian specialists. The main research methods were comparative-historical, which allowed to compare the scientific publications of domestic scientists, taking into account the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of the history of our country with the publications of Indian specialists, and cultural-anthropological, which involves the study of the positions of the authors of scientific publications in the formulation of the problem and the selection of arguments in defense of their point of view; the relationship of domestic and Indian scientists to the object of research. The relevance of the work is explained by the fact that the Nehru-Gandhi family and currently actively participates in the political life of the Republic of India, still have a significant political influence, holding leadership positions in the Indian National Congress Party. In addition, their political activities in 1947-1991 continue to be the subject of discussion in the scientific and intellectual community both in our country and in India. The novelty of the work is explained by the insufficient study of the designated problem in domestic and Indian historiography. The main conclusion is that the phenomenon of Nehru-Gandhi rule was formed on the basis of many political and socio-cultural factors described in the work, which are described in detail by domestic and Indian experts.
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Nacheva, Evgenia. « Cultural Approach to Teaching Communicative English as a Foreign Language in Secondary English Language School ». Cultural and Historical Heritage : Preservation, Presentation, Digitalization 8, no 1 (30 juin 2022) : 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/kinj.2022.080116.
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The communicative approach requires teaching a foreign language through target, national and global culture. As English is the "lingua franca", modern students should use English for international communication, aiming at its relevant application for appropriate socialization and in future occupational/professional practice. The current paper explores a comparative, cross-cultural approach to EFLT in a Bulgarian English Language Secondary classroom. Fifty-two eighth-graders, aged 14 from "V. Karagiozov" English Language School, Yambol participated in the experiment. The study aimed to improve the quality of EFLT teaching and achieve better socialization of children from various ethnicities, thus educating them in respect, tolerance, non-aggressive behaviour, and ethics. Moreover, a way of representing Bulgarian cultural traditions was explored as a means of performance in English the patriotic defence of national dignity.
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Babich, Oleksandr. « Quantitative changes in population of Odessa during the occupation in 1941–1944 ». History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no 53 (21 juin 2022) : 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2021.53.99-109.
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In modern historiography there is no study that would give an adequate and precise picture of demographic changes in Odessa`s population during the Second World war. This study analyses existing monographies, data stored in archives of both soviet and Romanian sides and analyzes them in order to create complete overlook of what quantitative and qualitative changes did the population of Odessa went through during the period from 1939 to 1945.We have found out that during the Second World War the original Odessa population decreased more than by half. During the Odessa defense operation the main factor of population reduction was emigration to other regions of Soviet Union. During the Romanian occupation most victims were Jew victims of the Holocaust. When soviet army returned and freed the city, the population suffered losses from the conscription, but in general was growing due to immigration.As a result, we can state that during World War II, Odessa suffered great losses in population. One of the most important changes was a change of qualitative parameter – after war Jews were making much lesser part of the city`s population, which led to major cultural changes in this region in following decades.The study of population dynamics, its structure, number, vital activity of the city of Odessa, the capital of the Romanian-occupied and administered Governorate «Transnistria», a city with specific living conditions, national composition, unique historical experience, gives great space for scientific research. Relevant comprehensive and accurate analysis of migration and population loss in the city of Odessa in different periods of World War II. After all, this aspect is one of the most important components of social history, emphasizes the cultural and anthropological transformations in society as a consequence of war. Particular attention is drawn to the need to use the latest methods of calculating the population of the city on the basis of clerical documents, statistical reports, acts of various commissions that recorded losses and damage. The author makes a comparative analysis of the data of Soviet and Romanian documents, which made it possible to identify some contradictions. At the same time, based on a comprehensive study of all types of documents, the author made reasonable conclusions about the population dynamics of Odessa at different stages of World War II: during the defense of the city, the years of Romanian-German occupation and immediately after the liberation of Odessa from the occupiers.
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Jaago, Tiiu, et Mare Kõiva. « Üks jälg Eesti folkloristikas. Elmar Daniel Päss 120 ». Mäetagused 79 (avril 2021) : 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/mt2021.79.jaago_koiva.
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Folklorist Elmar Daniel Päss (1901–1970) was one of the first researchers who was educated in folklore at the University of Tartu: the Chair of Folklore started work in the autumn of 1919, and Elmar Päss entered university in the autumn of 1922. Already as a student, he attracted the attention of folklore professor Walter Anderson with his study about drinking in Estonian proverbs and folk songs, submitted for a students’ competition in 1924. There was no unified folklore archive in Tartu at the time (it was established in 1927). The study by Päss testified to his diligence (he examined collections of Estonian folklore both in Tartu and in Helsinki) as well as his ability to systematise and analyse voluminous material. He elaborated this study and defended it as his master’s degree in 1926. After a year in military service, he started work as a folklore assistant at the University of Tartu. In 1933 he became a scientific grantee, to work on a dissertation about Estonian and Ingrian Martinmas songs. Although the first version of the manuscript was completed in 1935, he did not defend the thesis. On the one hand, new material on Martinmas customs was constantly piling up, on the other hand, the defence seemed to be postponed due to economic difficulties. The establishment of the Soviet rule in 1940 and the following war further distanced Päss from research work. In 1947 the Institute of Estonian Language and Literature was founded at the Academy of Sciences, and for three years he worked there as a folklore researcher. However, his main occupation was a schoolteacher. So his most fertile scientific career remained in the 1920s–1930s. Three different intertwining directions can be distinguished in Päss’ scientific work: a comparative study of songs, customs related to calendar, wedding, and work, and the lore of border regions. Against the more general background of folkloristics, Päss’ research approaches are up to date: on the one hand, comparative and international research prevailing in the first decades of the century, on the other hand, considering the syncretic and functionalist viewpoint of lore that emerged in the late 1920s and in the 1930s. His studies of the customs and songs of Shrovetide and Martinmas could be part of classical Estonian folkloristics.
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Shurts, Sarah. « Safeguarding a «Civilization in Crisis» : La Revue Universelle's Conceptualization of Western Civilization and its Renewal,1920–1935 ». Journal of Modern European History 15, no 1 (février 2017) : 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2017-1-48.
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Safeguarding a <Civilization in Crisis>: La Revue Universelle's Conceptualization of Western Civilization and its Renewal, 1920-1935 This article contributes to a comparative study of the «Conservative Revolution» in Europe by exploring the French journal Revue Universelle in the 1920s and the early 1930s. Led by Henri Massis, Jacques Bainville and Jacques Maritain, the intellectuals contributing to the journal developed a unique cultural politics that evoked the decadence and decline of Western civilization under the forces of modernity, and called for the defence and renewal of this civilization through revitalised conservative values of Catholicism, authoritative leadership, elitism, and a return to the spiritual sources of Western culture. However, while the Revue Universelle team intentionally cultivated a pan-European scope for their journal and promoted its cultural politics as a common language for all European conservatives, their aim was compromised by their francocentric and germanophobic conceptualisation of the West and civilization.
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Simioni, Fabiane, et Gabriel Saad Travassos. « Defensoria Pública Interamericana, direitos humanos e acesso à justiça na América Latina ». Revista Interdisciplinar de Direitos Humanos 9, no 1 (25 juin 2021) : 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/ridh.v9i1.47.
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Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar possibilidades de acesso à justiça e promoção dos direitos humanos no Sistema Interamericano a partir da criação de uma Defensoria Pública Interamericana. A base teórica é estruturada no campo de uma epistemologia do Sul que analisa a relevância do contexto cultural e das relações de poder na produção e reprodução do conhecimento e das práticas coloniais. O problema de pesquisa recai sobre o aprisionamento do conhecimento científico no centro-hegemônico, cujo reflexo, no Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, redunda na dificuldade de acesso das vítimas de violações de direitos humanos aos tribunais internacionais. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas são a pesquisa bibliográfica transdisciplinar e a pesquisa documental focada no estudo comparativo das instituições de promoção dos direitos humanos em diversas constituições dos países da América Latina. A metodologia de pesquisa é a hipotético-dedutiva e, a partir de uma análise crítica da epistemologia tradicional e dos direitos humanos na região latino-americana, questiona novos mecanismos de garantia de acesso à justiça no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos.
Defensoría Pública Interamericana, derechos humanos y acceso a la justicia en América Latina
Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar las posibilidades de acceso a la justicia y la promoción de los derechos humanos en el Sistema Interamericano después de la creación de una Oficina del Defensor Público Interamericano. La base teórica se estructura en el campo de una epistemología del Sur que analiza la relevancia del contexto cultural y las relaciones de poder en la producción y reproducción del conocimiento y las prácticas coloniales. El problema de la investigación radica en el encarcelamiento del conocimiento científico en el centro hegemónico cuya reflexión, en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, resulta en la dificultad de acceso para las víctimas de violaciones de los derechos humanos. tribunales internacionales Las técnicas de investigación utilizadas son la investigación bibliográfica transdisciplinaria y la investigación documental centrada en el estudio comparativo de instituciones para la promoción de los derechos humanos en diversas constituciones de países latinoamericanos. La metodología de investigación es hipotética-deductiva y, basada en un análisis crítico de la epistemología tradicional y los derechos humanos en la región latinoamericana, cuestiona nuevos mecanismos para garantizar el acceso a la justicia en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos.
Palabras clave: Defensoría del Pueblo. América Latina. Acceso a la justicia. Derechos humanos. Epistemología del Sur.
Inter-American Public Defense, humans rights and acess to justice in Latin America
This article aims to investigate possibilities of access to justice and the promotion of human rights in the Inter-American System based on the creation of an Inter-American Public Defender’s Office. The theoretical basis is structured in the field of an epistemology of the South that analyzes the relevance of the cultural context and the power relations in the production and reproduction of knowledge and colonial practices. The research problem lies in the imprisonment of scientific knowledge in the hegemonic center whose reflection, in International Human Rights Law, results in the difficulty of access for victims of human rights violations at the international courts. The research techniques used are transdisciplinary bibliographic research and documentary research focused on the comparative study of institutions for the promotion of human rights in different constitutions of Latin American countries. The research methodology is hypothetical-deductive and, based on a critical analysis of traditional epistemology and human rights in the Latin American region, it questions new mechanisms to guarantee access to justice in the Inter-American Human Rights System.
Keywords: Public Defense. Latin America. Human rights. Access to justice. Epistemology of the South.
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. « The ideological discourse of quasi-communication ». Obraz 3, no 32 (2019) : 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2019.3(32)-39-52.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the archetypical models of quasi-confrontation in artistic and documentary texts through ideological matrices (lie-defense, lie-fear, like aggression, irony, hypnosis, meditation, lie-ritual) of social and biological systems, creative individuals, the concept of game and battle in human society, flora and fauna on the individual and global levels encoded in images is shown. Methods of research: phenomenological (unbiased description), comparative (comparison of quasi-confessional models of behavior in the animal-plant world and human society and text expression in different hourly coordinates), psychoanalytic (sounding archetypes), hermeneutic (penetration into the meanings of texts), semiotic, game (the disclosure of the mechanisms of the development of the phenomenon), deconstructivist (search for marginal values in texts and meanings of consciousness). Results and conclusions of the study. Since we have proved that in any society it is impossible to get rid of quasi-communication, this article – an attempt to offer methods for its recognition, how to create a general scientific methodology of recognition, the apparatus of categories, does not exist without metaphysical reductionism, philosophical dualism, the natural and historical origin of the phenomena of the psyche and consciousness, natural and artificial intelligence, the synthesis of analytical traditions of English-speaking philosophy and dialectical traditions of continental European philosophy, interrelations of natural, technical, social, cultural, humanitarian, historical disciplines. The biggest contradiction and the biggest paradox that most often turns “honest” communication into quasi-communication is that communication is individually-national in form and mass international, global in content. Keywords: quasi-communication, ideology, archetype, lie, game, battle, lie detector, text..
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Karasova, N., et A. Mishchenko. « GEO-STRATEGIC INTERESTS OF UKRAINE AND ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP WITH TURKEY ». Financial and credit activity : problems of theory and practice 2, no 37 (30 avril 2021) : 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230177.
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Abstract. Broadening the scope of economic interests, together with the involvement of the strategic partner to resolve security issues, brings the dialogue between Ukraine and Turkey to a new level. This intensified negotiations on the establishment of a free trade area and the implementation of joint projects in the defense industry, cultural and humanitarian spheres. Thus, the study of priority areas of cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the Black Sea region for the effective realization of Ukraine’s geostrategic interests is becoming topical. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the economic partnership between Ukraine and Turkey, to calculate the impact and to determine the advantages and prospects of a deeper bilateral trade liberalization. The methodology is based on assessment of export specialization; the characterization of the relative advantages by the RXA coefficient; the impact assessment of bilateral trade on economic development through a descriptive gravity model. The study found that high tariff barriers are now applied to Ukrainian exporters in the Turkish market. Total exports from Ukraine to Turkey declined by more than 30 per cent from 2011 to 2019, while the low value-added products dominate in the highly concentrated structure of export flows. On the contrary, Turkish exports to Ukraine are quite diversified. The top ten exports include machinery, electrical equipment, vehicles and knitwear. Ukrainian grains, oilseeds and oils, iron and steel, ore and rail transport have comparative advantages in the Turkish market. The military-industrial sector and IT are promising areas for export development and investment cooperation in the Ukrainian economy. Bilateral trade surpluses are in favor of Ukraine. The economic development of Ukraine significantly influences the volume of bilateral trade, according to the results of the descriptive gravity model. A $1 increase in Ukraine’s GDP will lead to an increase in bilateral trade by $0.8. This makes Ukraine much more interested in entering the Turkish market. Keywords: strategic partnership, free trade area, international trade, exports, customs tariffs, liberalization. JEL Classification F13 Formulas: 3; fig.: 4; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 21.
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Gribanov, DMITRY V., et ALEXANDER N. Mitin. « ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE UNIFYING IDEA IN MODERN RUSSIAN STATEHOOD ». Journal of Law and Administration 18, no 4 (30 décembre 2022) : 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-4-65-3-18.
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Introduction. The article presents an analysis of goals and arguments on the objective necessity of forming a unifying idea in modern Russian statehood, a set of values that form the basis of statehood, moral norms that do not provide for strict deadlinesfor implementation. The idea is substantiated that unification in Russia is possible on the basis of strategic planning, based on spiritual and moral natural values that humanity still cherishes, and obstacles to such consolidation are characterized. Special attention is focused on the components of the unifying idea: worldview; morality and morality; values; personal values; value orientations; culture; national consciousness; legal consciousness; state; statehood, state structure. The worldview-rich elements, which are called ideologemes, are presented in detail in the form of generalizing words-symbols, metaphors with powerful suggestive power, interconnected through images: Fatherland, sovereignty, the Russian world, equal opportunities, a single country - a single destiny, justice, solidary development, patriotism, humanity, mercy, service, family, unity in agreement, etc. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made up of both general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition. Methods of systematic, comparative legal analysis, special philosophical and legal research tools, involvement of the results of Russian and foreign studies on ideologies, statehood, state structure, problems of worldview, cultural identity were actively used in the work. Research results. According to the results of the analysis, it was revealed that it is impossible not to notice the unifying ideas and ambitions that exist in different states, which are reflected in short mottos that have the property of ideologemes. For Russia's current ambitions, it is to accelerate the crisis of the entire system that developed after the Great Patriotic War, led by the United States, reformat it into a multipolar world, attracting other states to its side, preserving the sovereignty and cultural identity of the people, strengthening its economyand defense capability. In this case, there is a need to reassess the existing basic values and consider their potential for favorable scenarios for the development of the country.Discussion and conclusion. The conclusion is substantiated that the unifying idea is expressed in the fusion of the traditional worldview of the people, which changes much more slowly than state institutions, state structure and statehood, with the necessity of today's time, the demands of the moment. The fusion of the past and the present in this regard is the strongest spiritual and moral bond. The article proposes the author's concept of the unifying idea of Russia, which should be based on an effective state structure, on solving the problems of saving the people, their cultural identity. In this case, it can be argued that the country has statehood.
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García-Pulido, L. J., J. Ruiz Jaramillo et M. I. Alba Dorado. « HERITAGE SURVEY AND SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE WATCHTOWERS THAT DEFENDED THE LAST ISLAMIC KINGDOM IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (THIRTEEN TO FIFETEENTH CENTURY) ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (18 août 2017) : 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-259-2017.
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The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of the Iberian Peninsula. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid center at the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers was constructed.<br><br> Studies have been done of individual towers, but no comparative study has been undertaken of all of them. Graphic, homogenous, and exhaustively planimetric documentation would bring together existing information on the majority of them and enable comparative analysis. For this reason, this work conducts systematic architectural surveys of all these military structures, using photogrammetry.<br><br> In addition to studying the construction typology and techniques, the structural capacity of these towers has been analyzed. It examines how they have been affected by human and natural destructive forces, especially earthquakes, which are common in eastern Andalusia. Although all the historical military architecture is protected by the Spanish and Andalusian Heritage laws, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk.<br><br> The towers are being studied as individual specimens (emphasizing their differences) and as a unit in a typological group (looking for similarities and unifying characteristics). New technologies for Information and Communication are being used in order to disseminate the results among specialists and to make them available to the general public. Guidelines for restoration projects are also being formulated from the cases analyzed.
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Vorobiova, Svetlana N. « COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN THE PSALMS OF KING DAVID ». Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 23, no 4 (2020) : 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-4-23-105-112.
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In this article, the Psalter of King David, a famous religious and cultural monument, which is considered by us not so much as a collection of prayers presented in an artistic and poetic form, as legal texts depicting a formal trial carried out in the presence of a Judge God, a righteous defender, an accuser, in the role of the psalmist himself, and the accused (sinners violating God's Law To realize the main communicative goal – to attract the Judge's attention, to make him listen and perceive what is said, to motivate Him to carry out the desired action – the author uses communication strategies and tactics used in the judicial process. These include strategies of emotional influence, defence and prosecution, tactics of simulated dialogue, marking, drawing attention to the injured party, raising a rhetorical question, etc. The author's attention is also directed to the analysis of language means, which contribute to verbal expression and form an important part of the linguistic arsenal, as well as on the main ways of their implementation. The material presented in the psalms gives us the opportunity to show the language techniques used to protect and accuse opponents in the pragmasemantic aspect, that is, the established meaning and implementation of language means is carried out in a direct situational context. The analysis was conducted as part of a discourse analysis using a comparative study method, which showed that these rhetorical means have a convincing effect, and the information transmitted through them receives a high truth status. To carry out analytical work, in addition to discourse analysis, theological, sociocultural approaches were also used, allowing us to consider psalms in the context of a certain religious denomination, Orthodox.
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Macijauskaitė-Bonda, Jurgita, et Laima Anglickienė. « Trends in Contemporary Lithuanian Children’s Folklore Research ». Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā : rakstu krājums, no 26/2 (11 mars 2021) : 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-2.080.
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Contemporary children’s folklore is interesting and dynamic as it covers both traditional and new genres and reflects present-day realia as well as younger children’s and adolescents’ psychological world. The aim of this article is to discuss major stages and trends in contemporary Lithuanian children’s folklore research. The present study is based on analytical descriptive, and comparative methods. In Lithuania, the research into children’s folklore was started quite late in comparison to many other countries. The first scholarly studies on traditional children’s folklore were published by Pranė Jokimaitienė in the second half of the 20th century, whereas the research into contemporary children’s folklore was undertaken only in the last decade of the 20th century on the initiative of the folklorist Gražina Skabeikytė-Kazlauskienė. After 1990, when folklore material’s collection from children and adolescents was started, the Archive of Ethnology and Folklore at the Department of Cultural studies at Vytautas Magnus University enlarged by many examples of contemporary Lithuanian folklore. At the beginning of the 21st century, the material’s systematisation, analysis, and publication started; a few dissertations on children’s and youth folklore were successfully defended. In 2013, the monograph Contemporary Schoolchildren’s Folklore (Šiuolaikinis moksleivių folkloras) was published.
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Lysenko, Taras. « Present Status and Leading Trends in the Work of Ukrainian Informative Centres Based on the Analysis of Websites' Content ». Ukrainian Journal on Library and Information Science, no 9 (17 juin 2022) : 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7654.9.2022.259195.
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The aim of the article is to consider and highlight the leading trends in IAC work based on the analysis of websites’ content nowadays. The research methodology is based on the application of content analysis was used for revealing in the material of websites some trends and directions of IAC work, systematisation, and categorisation, which help to reconstruct the real situation of IAC in Ukraine and also methods of generalisation, comparative analysis, induction and deduction. The set of issues connected with the Ukrainian informative analytical centres (IAC) functioning on the modern stage, mainly regarding the formation of their net structure, formalisation, and activity coordination in a combination of outer challenges, determines the conceptual frameworks and leading trends in IAC work, highlights and considers the most critical tasks of nowadays. The scientific novelty of the study is the first article-based research of websites of above 50 Ukrainian IAC, mainly that are non-governmental. The article has determined the problematic-thematic directions of their analytical work, such as political-legal and economical; defence-security; international-integrational; social-transformation and cultural; expert and scientific-technical. Conclusions. Based on the websites’ content analysis, it was determined that most pointed informative and research structures concentrate on their analytical work on political-economic problematic that explains the interests of separate stakeholders and sources of financing for the subjects of the information field. It was shown that including modern trends and challenges following the political-economic problematic starts focused on the integration and safety questions and only after them on social-cultural aspects of the Ukrainian lives most in the part of social standards and democratic freedoms. And very little attention in an expert-analytical environment is put on the improving scientific and technical potential and analytical methodology on which the work of all IAC are based.
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Jong Goo Kim. « A Comparative Study on Abandonment Defense and Voluntariness ». Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 17, no 3 (octobre 2015) : 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2015.17.3.003.
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노수철. « Comparative Study on the Issue of Government Contractor Defense ». Journal of hongik law review 10, no 2 (juin 2009) : 253–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.10.2.200906.253.
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Hwee Rhak Park. « A Comparative Study on South Korea‘s Ballistic Missile Defense and Japan's Ballistic Missile Defense ». National Strategy 21, no 2 (mai 2015) : 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35390/sejong.21.2.201506.002.
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Zaika, Yuri O., Oleksandr Ye Kukhariev, Volodymyr L. Skrypnyk et Aliesia A. Mytnyk. « Peculiarities of Protection of Rights and Interests of Heirs : Theoretical Aspects ». International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (31 décembre 2020) : 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.43.
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The relevance of this study is due to the necessity to ensure the proper exercise of subjective civil rights in the field of inheritance law. Protection in inheritance is related to the general right to protection. Due to the peculiarities of inheritance law as a sub-branch of civil law, it has its own specifics, which is manifested primarily in the definition of special ways to protect violated unrecognized or challenged rights. In addition, the protection of the rights of heirs takes place only within the inheritance relationship, which is characterized by a long nature. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of protection of subjective civil rights of heirs in the field of inheritance. This necessitates the use of special methodological approaches that will identify the characteristics of protection of the rights of heirs, as well as research methods such as dogmatic, formal-logical, systematic, comparative law. The article analyses the recognition of the right of ownership of inherited property in court and proves that this exceptional method of protection is used if there are obstacles to the notarization of inheritance rights. The most typical and widespread special ways to protect the rights of heirs are considered: removal from the right to inherit, invalidation of the will, change of the order of obtaining the right to inherit, reduction of the size of the obligatory share in the inheritance. The outlined issues were not widely covered in the legal literature, as the attention of scholars was mainly in the perspective of clarifying the legal nature of protection and defence, the ratio of forms and methods of protection of subjective civil rights, analysis of general methods of protection of subjective civil rights. That is why this work is an important contribution to outlining the issue of inheritance law and attracting due attention of the scientific community.
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Gonçalves, Henrique Júnior Bernadeth, Maria Lúcia Ribeiro, Vera Lúcia Silveira Botta Ferrante, Oriowaldo Queda et Flávia Cristina Sossae. « MULHERES NA ATIVIDADE PESQUEIRA : UM ESTUDO NA COMUNIDADE DE NZETO-ANGOLA ». Revista Brasileira Multidisciplinar 23, no 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2527-2675/rebram/2020.v23i3.1126.
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The fishing activity is considered as a fundamentally male practice. In fishing communities, there is a social division of labor by gender and many women survive from other fishing modalities. This study concerns the fishing community of Nzeto (Zaire province, Angola), where artisanal fishing is traditionally a subsistence activity and aims to discuss the sociopolitical framing of gender in fishing activities, searching the relationship between fisherwomen and the environment. In order understand the fishing community and the observed co-op, as well as its workers, we asked 18 fisherwomen to answer the survey, 12 of them being from the co-op plus 6 who were not. We intended to divide them categorically aiming to establish a comparative study between fisherwomen who are integrated into an organization that defends their varied interests and those who exercise their profession without any support of institutional recognition. We verify that the integration of women in artisanal fishing is only accomplished thanks to their own initiative and efforts. Women take on the responsibility of transporting, stocking, and drying the fish, plus the selling. Besides, they also demand the construction of a facility where they can take shelter from direct exposure to sunlight and rain.They work under poor sanitary conditions, and handling the catch lacks better hygiene conditions. There are no choices but increasing the family income, even under hard and painful work conditions. From the cultural perspective, women taking control of the fishing process results in stigma´ rupture that attempts to exclude them from the productive circuit.
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R.C, Prathibha, et Rejimol Robinson R R. « A Comparative Study of Defense Mechanisms against SYN Flooding Attack ». International Journal of Computer Applications 98, no 18 (18 juillet 2014) : 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17282-7414.
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Pajaziti, Ali, et Mevlan Memeti. « Austrian Albanians between Cultural Integration and Cultural Defense ». SEEU Review 14, no 1 (1 juillet 2019) : 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2019-0002.
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Abstract This study deals with the issue of cultural integration of a migrant community, i.e. Albanian community or Diaspora in the Austrian society. First, it elaborates culture as an element that distinguishes human beings from other living beings, stating that man is not born with culture but it is rather acquired, developed, cultivated, and enriched during one’s lifetime. It also emphasizes the weight that culture has in society, noting that three forces have the greatest impact on society: the state, religion and culture. The second issue treated is cultural assimilation, as a process of social and cultural fusion of groups with different identities, cultural defense, cultural isolation and ghettoization. The second is Albanian Diaspora in Austria, the history, structure and cultural apology trends. Final and most important element of this research is empirical part, namely the survey applied in the field, i.e. in Austria, with 296 respondents, selected randomly. Among the conclusions are that Austrian Albanians tend cultural self-defense, apology of their code by creating cultural islands, meeting points, being concentrated culturally, that the first generation is more hesitant in accepting the Austrian cultural values compared with the second generation that is more cosmopolitan.
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Al-Taii, Alaa Abdullah. « Comparative Study ». Al-Adab Journal, no 131 (15 décembre 2019) : 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i131.435.
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Physical, psychological, and socio-cultural traits may vary, globalization has increased the range of differentiation through mass movements, developments in communication technology, and the recent penetration of the values of subcultures in dominant cultures, leading to the concept of multi-cultural societies. Comparative studies are becoming increasingly significant in sociological research, as in this study which investigates the differences in children’s social competence within contemporary communities. To understand social competence, researchers must consider its social context. Analysis of the national context of children’s behavior must be developed to understand the culture of the children of a country, particularly, in a world where the phenomena of globalization and convergence are a reality. The present study aims to identify the differences in the levels of social competence of children from Iraq and the United Arab Emirates by administering a social competence questionnaire to 300 children. The results reveal a significant difference.
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Carmiol-Barboza, Ana María. « Comparative study of cultural human development ». Actualidades en Psicología 18, no 105 (22 février 2011) : 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ap.v18i105.65.
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Pullen, Carrie, et Doris Abrishami. « Comparative Study of Cultural Competency Education ». International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society 9, no 1 (2018) : 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2156-8960/cgp/v09i01/31-40.
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Aleksandrova, Elena V. « The Crimean War in the Reception of Egor Kovalevsky and Leo Tolstoy ». Imagologiya i komparativistika, no 15 (2021) : 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/15/9.
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The article examines typological intersections between the early works of Leo Tolstoy and the works of the 1850s of Egor Kovalevsky. The theme “Egor Kovalevsky and Leo Tolstoy” has not been studied comprehensively and systematically in Russian literary criticism. The research develops from the history of personal relationships between the writers during the Danube Campaign and the Sevastopol events to a comparative study of the writers’ works created during the Crimean Campaign. Tolstoy’s “Sevastopol in December” and in Kovalevsky’s “The Bombing of Sevastopol” reflected the similarities in the authors’ concepts, themes and images. The article justifies that the central theme developed in the writers’ oeuvre was a person and their role in history. Similarities and differences in the portrayal of the heroic events of the defense of Sevastopol by the writers are considered. Kovalevsky’s essay and Tolstoy’s first story are closely linked by one idea – the sense of civic exaltation, national identity. In describing the Russian soldier, his character, the heroism of the defenders of Sevastopol, the writers follow the “truth of life”. Kovalevsky captures the names of the direct participants in the war. With one detail or episode of the last minutes of their lives, Kovalevsky draws the reader’s attention to the “ordinary heroes” of Sevastopol, emphasizing the importance of their individual feat. Tolstoy’s heroes, on the contrary, are nameless: it is the general mood of the defenders of Sevastopol that is important for the writer. There are common features in the narrative manner of the two writers: ways of depicting heroes, accuracy and imagery of landscape sketches. A few strokes and precise details convey the state of Sevastopol. The mood associated with the state of the city is emphasized by the details of the landscape. The similarity in describing the heroes’ and the narrator’s psychology is expressed through the image of fog. The features of the authors’ creative manner and the role of the narrator are analyzed. There is an obvious difference in the creative methods of Kovalevsky and Tolstoy. Describing real details with historical accuracy, Kovalevsky paints a romantic picture with bright “strokes”. Kovalevsky uses concrete real details most often as a way to emphasize a bright feature he has noted in life, while Tolstoy seeks to show (highlight) the quality of life rather than its specific feature. The difference between Kovalevsky’s essay and Tolstoy’s story is also in the assessment of the historical event. Describing the bombing of Sevastopol as a historian, Kovalevsky does not abandon moral and political generalizations. Thus, the manner of narration and the ways of depicting heroes testify that both Tolstoy and Kovalevsky solve one problem with different artistic means – to truthfully portray the reality and the person as the “center of history”. In search of a true depiction of Sevastopol, Kovalevsky, a historian and romantic writer, moved towards realism embodied in Leo Tolstoy’s story.
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Neil, Ben. « Last Clear Chance : A Defense To A Defense ». Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 13, no 2 (31 mars 2017) : 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v13i2.9929.
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This case problem will provide the student with the familiarity that they will need for the concepts of contributory negligence and last clear chance. It should also be noted that the concept of last clear chance is on the wane as a legal maxim. It is applicable in states that still use the legal defense of contributory negligence. Whereas in other states, which constitute the majority, the courts apply the concept of comparative negligence, which apportions the monetary damages given by the fact finder. There may be other considerations depending upon the country of the legal action, as this case study is based solely on United States laws.
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Son, Wonseok, Taekyung Kim et Sangryul Shim. « Application of Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis for Defense Acquisition Study ». Journal of the Korean Association of Defense Industry Studies 28, no 3 (31 décembre 2021) : 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52798/kadis.2021.28.3.6.
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Mishra, Shubha, et R. K. Pateriya. « A Comparative Study on Capability v/s. Filtering based Defense Mechanisms ». International Journal of Computer Applications 93, no 11 (16 mai 2014) : 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/16261-5922.
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Jinki Kim. « A Comparative Study on Defense Industry Policy between Korea and Japan ». Japanese Language and Literature Association of Daehan ll, no 65 (février 2015) : 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18631/jalali.2015..65.018.
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Popov, Alexander A., et Vladislav N. Karakchiev. « HISTORIOGRAPHY REFLECTING FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF RURAL STATE ADMINISTRATION BODIES IN NATIONAL REGIONS OF RUSSIA IN THE 1920s ». Historical Search 2, no 1 (25 mars 2021) : 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-1-65-72.
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The article analyzes the problem of organizing the functioning of rural state administration bodies in the national regions of Russia in the 1920s. Over the previous twenty years, the issue of the formation and functioning of the Soviet power grassroots bodies in the 1920s has been addressed by an increasing number of researchers, which contributes to the growth in the number of publications (articles, monographs) and theses defences (both candidate and doctoral). Apparently, this process is associated with an increased interest of specialists in a thorough study of the experience of local authorities in the socio-economic and cultural development of the regions. The stages of organizing and the activity of the grassroots authorities of the 1920s are studied by historians on the examples of individual regions. An important area for specialists is the study of establishing and activities performed by rural Soviets. The problem of establishing power and implementing the Soviet model of local government is one of the key issues in the research of scientists. It was the 1920s that became crucial in building the Soviet political system and implementing new approaches to the interaction between the government and the population. The level of prior studies of the problem presented in this historiographical review makes it possible to raise the issue of the research practice passing to the next level, namely, carrying out a comparative analysis in the national-territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. The relevance of such raising the issue in our opinion is also determined by the fact that creation of national-territorial autonomies in the first decade of the Soviet power became a historical precedent for the peoples of Russia in the process of their real self-identification and self-government.
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Fan, Fa-ti. « “Collective Monitoring, Collective Defense” : Science, Earthquakes, and Politics in Communist China ». Science in Context 25, no 1 (27 janvier 2012) : 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000329.
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ArgumentThis paper examines the earthquake monitoring and prediction program, called “collective monitoring, collective defense,” in communist China during the Cultural Revolution, a period of political upheavals and natural disasters. Guided by their scientific and political ideas, the Chinese developed approaches to earthquake monitoring and prediction that emphasized mass participation, everyday knowledge, and observations of macro-seismic phenomena. The paper explains the ideas, practices, and epistemology of the program within the political context of the Cultural Revolution. It also suggests possibilities for comparative analysis of science, state, and natural disasters. The paper redefines the concept of “citizen science” and argues that the concept provides a useful comparative perspective on the intimate relationship between science and the macropolitics of modern state and society.
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Sari, Maya Rizki, et M. Haikal Kautsar. « COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN DEFENSE PLANNING FOR INDONESIA AND POLAND ». Jurnal Pertahanan : Media Informasi ttg Kajian & ; Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & ; Integrity 7, no 3 (31 décembre 2021) : 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v7i3.1487.
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<div><p class="Els-history-head">Besides the same red and white flag, Indonesia and Poland share a similar historical setting which includes revolutions, wars of independence, and the promotion of national unity. Indonesia has succeeded in reforming and demonstrating show the true democracy in the international community. While Poland was succeeding in making changes by turning into a constitutional state after being freed from communism. On the other hand, Poland was the only European economy to escape from the 2008 recession. Since the fall of the communist regime, based on the existing historical struggles and capacity of the Polish state which knew how to leave the communist state and its successes in the economic field, the Researchers is interested in the search for the comparison between the management defense strategies in Indonesia and that of Poland. The purpose of this study is to see a comparison of strategic management in defense planning for Indonesia and Poland. The method used is qualitative. Regarding the trend in the development of the strategic environment or the estimation of the lack of possibilities for traditional military tangible threats mentioned explicitly in the Defense White Paper of the Republic of Indonesia and the Polish State Defense White Paper. The results of the study showed that the use of defense diplomacy instruments became dominant. In addition to developing defense policies and defense planning in the form of strengthening Indonesia's defense structure and posture comprehensive. Indonesia needs to strengthen defense capabilities in the Southeast Asian countries by strengthening the basis of posture and defense structures associated with the vision of the world's maritime axis. Thus, a sustainable Essential Minimum Force (MEF) is achieved</p></div>
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Tryk, Katarzyna. « Comparative analysis of tender procedures conducted in military units by Regional Infrastructure Boards – case study ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 205, no 3 (23 septembre 2022) : 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0043.
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Military units are the fundamental elements of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland (Polish abbrev. SZ RP). As part of the state defense system, they implement tasks resulting from the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland and the Defense Strategy of the Republic of Poland. The units carrying out tasks for the defense of the state must be adequately equipped, and the infrastructure they have is efficient. To ensure its proper functioning, investments carried out on the premises of military units are necessary. Tasks in this regard are possible thanks to the Regional Infrastructure Boards (Polish abbrev. RZI) supervised by the Ministry of National Defense. They deal with the management of military real estate, investment, renovation, and equipping real estate with the necessary infrastructure. There are ten RZIs in Poland. Out of ten, eight are Regional Infrastructure Boards; the other two are the Military Infrastructure Board in Poznań (WZI) and the Capital Infrastructure Board in Warsaw (SZI). Expending public funds for the implementation of tasks entrusted to Regional Infrastructure Boards should be carried out following the procedures compliant with the Public Procurement Law. The research presented in the publication aims to identify differences and similarities in tenders carried out by two selected RZIs in Zielona Góra and Bydgoszcz in 2014-2017.
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Li, Hui-chun, Qiao-zhen Chen, Ying Ma et Jun-fu Zhou. « Imbalanced free radicals and antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenia : A comparative study ». Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 7, no 12 (décembre 2006) : 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2006.b0981.
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Møller, Merino, Brown et Robertson. « Immune Defense and Host Sociality : A Comparative Study of Swallows and Martins ». American Naturalist 158, no 2 (2001) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3079158.
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Møller, A. P., S. Merino, C. R. Brown et R. J. Robertson. « Immune Defense and Host Sociality : A Comparative Study of Swallows and Martins ». American Naturalist 158, no 2 (août 2001) : 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/321308.
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Moon, Sang-Ho. « A Comparative Study on Electronic Cultural Atlas ». Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 18, no 9 (30 septembre 2014) : 2161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.9.2161.
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HAMUTOGLU, Nazire Burcin, Orhan GEMIKONAKLI, Clifford De RAFFAELE et Deniz Mertkan GEZGIN. « Comparative Cross-Cultural Study in Digital Literacy ». Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 20, no 88 (30 juillet 2020) : 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.88.6.
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Shao, Alan T., Yeqing Bao et Elizabeth Gray. « Comparative Advertising Effectiveness : A Cross-Cultural Study ». Journal of Current Issues & ; Research in Advertising 26, no 2 (septembre 2004) : 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2004.10505165.
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Spiro, Melford E. « Cultural Determinism, Cultural Relativism, and the Comparative Study of Psychopathology ». Ethos 29, no 2 (juin 2001) : 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/eth.2001.29.2.218.
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Milyukova, M. A. « Renewable Energy Sources : International Legal Mechanisms for Cooperation between the EU Member States ». Moscow Journal of International Law, no 3 (5 octobre 2022) : 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2022-3-68-88.
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INTRODUCTION. The gradual reorientation of the global energy system from carbon energy to renewables (solar, wind, tidal energy etc.) aimed at reducing human-caused environmental changes raises the issue of international cooperation in this area. Moreover, energy security issues being closely connected with the ones of national security, the international agenda on renewable energy sources is highly influenced by the geopolitical situation, too. The author analyzes the legal mechanisms for cooperation regarding renewable energy between the Member States of the European Union, an international organization that, aiming to reduce its dependence on carbon energy resources from Russia, focuses, among other things, on developing the most effective ways of such cooperation. The author defends the thesis that a legal assessment of such mechanisms' advantages and disadvantages will help assess the potential for their conceptual adaptation within the platforms where Russia's regional cooperation is implemented (i. e. the Eurasian Economic Union and the Arctic Council). MATERIALS AND METHODS. In the course of the study, the author used sources of EU law (regulations, directives) regulating cooperation between the Member States in the field of renewable energy, international agreements concluded in accordance therewith, as well as studies of foreign scientific works on the issues of implementation of the relevant rules. Furthermore,assessing the possibilities of using the relevant mechanisms in regional organizations of which Russia is a member, the author uses international treaties, declarations and decisions of bodies of such internationalorganizations as the CIS, the EAEU, and the Arctic Council. The methodological basis of the study was formed by general scientific techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, classification, systematization, forecasting) and private scientific techniques (formal legal and comparative legal method). RESEARCH RESULTS. The article provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the three main mechanisms for cooperation between EU Member States (statistical transfers, joint projects and joint support schemes). Several issues were identified that reduce their effectiveness, including uncertainty regarding the extension of the deadlines for their application after 2030, the lack of sanctions for non-compliance with mandatory targets provided for by the relevant directives, sovereignty restrictions and, in this regard, insufficient motivation for their application. It is noted that the main incentive for using the outlined mechanisms is the Member States' binding statistical goals in renewable energy use in their national energy mix. Nevertheless, despite the above issues, the author points out that the ideas of the EU legal regulation at present, after its detailed study, can be attributed to the "best practices" of international legal regulation of the use of renewable energy. In this regard, the conceptual foundations of the cooperation mechanisms between the EU Member States can be used in developing interaction within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Arctic Council (as an organization within which key decisions are made regarding the environmental security of the Arctic region). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Within the research framework, the author analyzed the EU directives and regulations governing the procedures for cooperation between its Member States regarding renewable energy and the practice of implementing such procedures. These interaction mechanisms encouraging states to achieve their own binding goals in renewable energy use seem optimal for developing international legal measures to support RES in organizations and forums with the participation of Russia. The author concludes that one of the most effective areas of such cooperation could be the development of appropriate mechanisms within the framework of the EAEU. This organization aims to integrate the market systems of the member states. Therefore, a limited circle of its members could make it possible to avoid many political contradictions that have already arisen in the negotiations on similar mechanisms in the CIS. In addition, given the strategic importance of the Arctic region for Russia, the ideas of these mechanisms could also be considered in the Arctic Council. Although, at the moment, the work of this international forum has been suspended as a reaction of other Arctic states to Russia's actions regarding the Ukrainian crisis, it does not seem to be a viable option to solve the issues of preserving the ecosystem of the Arctic.
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Danelyan, A. A., et E. E. Gulyaeva. « International Legal Aspects of Cybersecurity ». Moscow Journal of International Law, no 1 (25 juillet 2020) : 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-1-44-53.
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INTRODUCTION. In the modern world, the number of crimes committed in cyberspace has significantly increased. New types of malware used to achieve illegal goals appear regularly. According to experts, the material damage to the global economy from crimes committed with the help of information and communication technologies amounts to trillions of US dollars. Such a scale requires effective means of legal regulation of relations in cyberspace. Cybersecurity is considered one of the most relevant topics of current international law, which is extremely important for ensuring the national security of states. Information and communication technologies can be used to negatively affect economic, social, cultural and political relations, to damage the economic, military, and defense potential of the state and society. In this regard, the international community is deeply interested in developing a multilateral legal framework for cooperation in the field of cybersecurity. However, a unified approach to solving this problem in the international arena has not yet been developed. Legal regulation of cyberspace is very complex due to the virtual interface characteristics of this area.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The material for the study is the works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of international law, international legalacts adopted in the framework of the UN and the European Union, draft UN conventions, national regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China and other states as well as judicial practice of international courts. Th research methodology is based on general and specific scientific methods of cognition (the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical legal methods).RESEARCH RESULTS. The analysis showed that despite the applicability of the principles and rules of current international law to the information sphere, the universalization of the international legal regulation of cyberspace is required, taking into account its characteristics and in order to effectively combat the use of information and communication technologies for illegal purposes. The efforts of states to develop special rules of conduct in cyberspace are currently concentrated on a narrow sphere of issues related to human rights, data privacy, etc. Not all states are interested in creating a modern and effective mechanism for cooperation in cyberspace. Many states are openly opposing the development of new international legal instruments. For this reason, the Russian initiative to adopt the UN Convention on Cooperation in Combating Information Crimes has not been support-ed. This fact has entailed the absence of a full-fledged universal international legal framework for cooperation in the field of cyberspace.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Based on the analysis of doctrine and practice, the authors conclude that there is a need to create a universal international legal framework for cooperation in the fi ld of cyberspace. In modern international law, cybersecurity is one of the most pressing problems directly related to state security. The difference in the approaches of states to the problem of ensuring cybersecurity at the present stage entails the absence of an effective multilateral legal framework for cooperation in this area.
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Henningsson, Mikael, et Elisabet Sundbom. « Conversion Disorder and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity : A Comparative Study of Psychological Defense Strategies ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 91, no 3 (décembre 2000) : 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.91.3.803.
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Lee, Se-Hoon, et Chang-Ho Son. « A Study on the Development of Korea’s Defense Industry : Comparative Analysis with Israel ». Taegu Science University Defense Security Institute 4, no 6 (30 décembre 2020) : 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37181/jscs.2020.4.6.067.
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