Thèses : « Community participation – united states »

1

Iroz-Elardo, Nicole. « Participation, Information, Values, and Community Interests Within Health Impact Assessments ». PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1846.

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Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged in the U.S. as one promising process to increase social and environmental justice through addressing health equity issues within planning. HIA practice is guided by values such as democracy and equity and grounded in broad social determinants of health. The most readily applied definition of democracy is problematic because it implies an element of direct, participatory engagement with the public. This is at odds with HIA practice that largely relies on stakeholder engagement strategies. This dissertation critically examines the engagement strategies of three transportation planning HIA cases to more fully understand how the HIA process may or may not promote democratic values and protect community health interests. It employs a multi-case study design that uses qualitative content analysis to trace community health interests through the HIA process, HIA document, and target plan. It finds that while the field is overstating the participatory nature of HIA, commitments to health equity and broad determinants of health protect community health interests with and without robust engagement of community stakeholders.

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Rood, Jason Alexander. « Public Participation in Emergency Management ». PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/333.

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With disasters increasing in frequency and costs each year, this study seeks to explore ways greater public participation can assist emergency managers in their mission to keep communities safe. Specifically this study examines the policy process and administrative functions of emergency management to illuminated the benefits and hindrances involved in greater participation. This study conducted a qualitative analysis of governmental documents, disaster case studies, international research, as well as political science and administrative doctrines, to arrive at its conclusions. The results of this study reveal that the public is a largely untapped resource in the emergency management field. Engaging the public dialogically in early policy stages and emergency management phases is essential to successful inclusion for both administrators and communities. Specifically, public inclusion creates expanded knowledge, shared learning, personal responsibility, and increased social capital. Faced with the growing threat from disasters, emergency management can create communities that are both more resilient and sustainable by increasing public participation.

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Roudebush, Deborah May. « An ethnography of community leadership through community-based community education ». Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/425454.

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The purposes of the study were: 1) To describe important characteristics of an ongoing, viable "community-based" community education project, 2) to determine whether the critical-principles postulated at the beginning of the study would be illustrated by considering a community-based community education project in one community, and 3) to describe the leadership behaviors utilized in a successful community-based community education project, and 4) to generate hypotheses for future research studies in community education.The data were collected and analyzed using a modified version of Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence Writing methodology, including interviewing participant observation, supplemented with document analysis and surveys.Eight of nine postulated critical principles were present in the organization studied. A partial listing of proposed hypotheses follows:1. The general principles, values, and leadership actions outlined in the agency summary can be successfully transplanted to another community.2. The director of a successful community-based community education agency must be good at controlling the flow of information, adept at negotiating, and politically persuasive.3. A tax levy is a sound, stable means for providing primary local financial support.4. The non-profit corporation is an effective structure capable of building on the resources of the major political bodies (the city council, the public school board, and the township trustees) while maintaining integrity in decision making and service provision.5. The political bodies, the people of the community, and the businesses and community organizations must all be represented in the governing body of a commuity-based community education organization.6. Detailed procedures and policies play a critical role in bridging the transition period when a new director is hired.

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García, John A., Gabriel R. Sanchez et J. Salvador Peralta. « Latino politics : a growing and evolving political community (a reference guide) ». University of Arizona Libraries (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622149.

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Table of Contents: Frontmatter / Chapter One: Latino Politics: Both a Growing and Evolving Political Community / Chapter Two: Methodology and User Guide / Chapter Three: History, Demographics and Mass Media / Chapter Four: Latino Identity / Chapter Five: Books Focused on Ethnic Studies / Chapter Six: Political Attitudes and Political Behavior / Chapter Seven: Latino Elites, Representation, and Institutions / Chapter Eight: Inter-group Relations / Chapter Nine: Public Policy Issues / Chapter Ten: Methodology and Measurement Issues / Chapter Eleven: Reference Sources / Appendixes

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O'Malley, Terence T. « The impact of participation in the European monetary union of the abnormal returns to U.S. target companies acquaired by European firms ». Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2002. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/291.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance

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Celaya-Alston, Rosemary Carmela. « Hombres en Accion (Men in Action) : A Community Defined Domestic Violence Intervention with Mexican, Immigrant, Men ». PDXScholar, 2010. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/52.

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Studies suggest that knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about domestic violence influence the behaviors of Mexican men. However, few interventions have targeted men in efforts to provide domestic violence awareness and health education to a relevant at-risk community that is also challenged by low literacy. Mexican immigrant men, particularly those less acculturated to the dominant U.S. culture, are significantly less likely to access services and more likely to remain isolated and removed from their communities and, more importantly, from their families. The purpose of this study was to explore and examine how cultural beliefs and behaviors influence the potential of domestic violence from the perspective of the Mexican origin, male immigrant. The research drew on existing community academic partnerships to collaboratively develop a pilot intervention that uses popular education techniques and a Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) framework. The specific aims were: 1) to use the principles and practices of CBPR to ensure that the issues addressed and results obtained are relevant to Latinos in Multnomah County, 2) to identify the beliefs, attitudes, and culture about domestic violence and male health for a population of men who are immigrants and of Mexican origin, 3) to develop and prioritize intervention strategies that are community defined, 4) to implement and evaluate a four week pilot project that utilizes community defined, literacy independent curriculum and popular education techniques to address male and family wellness and the prevention of domestic violence. Nine men participated in this study who reported inadequate or marginal functional literacy at approximately a 4.5 grade level. The findings also revealed a strong consensus among the participants' that there is confusion surrounding what constitutes domestic violence and/or what behaviors and social barriers place them at risk for health conditions. In summary, we found that the domestic violence in the Latino communities cannot be approached as a single issue; it needs to be embraced from a wellness perspective and the impact of domestic violence and health knowledge is navigated by experiences of one's past and present. Combining the tools of CBPR with the tools of popular education may allow researchers to address the Latino male's concerns with literacy while also examining other, less immediately visible, concerns. When you take the focus off such a delicate subject such as domestic violence and reframe the issue in terms of holistic health, you will then find a more cooperative and less defensive population to work with.

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Koo, Gerald M. F. « Foreign equity participation in United States airlines ». Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55702.

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Days, Janet H. « An empirical examination of the impact of JROTC participation on enlistment, retention and attrition / ». Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FDays.pdf.

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Louderman, James Richard. « No Place for Middlemen| Civic Culture, Downtown Environment, and the Carroll Public Market during the Modernization of Portland, Oregon ». Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541723.

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Following the Civil War, the American government greatly expanded the opportunities available for private businessmen and investors in an effort to rapidly colonize the West. This expansion of private commerce led to the second industrial revolution in which railroads and the corporation became the symbols and tools of a rapidly modernizing nation. It was also during this period that the responsibility of food distribution was released from municipal accountability and institutions like public markets began to fade from the American urbanscape. While the proliferation of private grocers greatly aided many metropolises' rapid growth, they did little to secure a sustainable and desirable form of food distribution. During the decades before and after the turn of the century, public market campaigns began to develop in response to the widespread abandonment of municipal food distribution.

Like many western cities, Portland, Oregon matured during the second half of the nineteenth century and lacked the historical and social precedent for the construction of a public market. Between 1851 and 1914, residents of Portland and its agricultural hinterland fought for the construction of a municipally-owned public market rallying against the perceived harmful and growing influences of middlemen. As a result of their efforts, the Carroll Public Market was founded on the curbsides of Yamhill Street in downtown Portland. While success encouraged multiple expansions and an increasingly supportive consumer base, a growing commitment to modernist planning among city officials and the spread of automobile ownership determined the market to be incompatible with the commercial future of Portland.

In an effort to acknowledge and capitalize on the Carroll Public Market's community, a group of investors, incorporated as the Portland Market Company, worked with city officials between 1926 and 1934 to create the largest public market in the United States, the Portland Public Market. As the first building of the newly constructed waterfront development, many believed the massive institution would reinvigorate nearby businesses and ultimately influence the potential of the downtown business district. The Portland Public Market was decidedly distinct from the market along Yamhill and the promoters cast it as such. By utilizing the most modern technologies and promises of convenience there was little that the two organizations shared in common. In the end, the potential of the waterfront market was never fulfilled and amidst legal scandals, an ongoing struggle to meet operating costs, and the success of a rebellious Farmers Cooperative, it shut down after nine years.

This thesis discusses these two public markets during a period of changing consumer interests and the rise of modernist planning in Portland, Oregon. Ultimately, the Carroll Public Market was torn down for reasons beyond its own control despite the comfortable profit it enjoyed each year. Many city officials refused to support the institution as they increasingly supported the values of modernism and urban planning. The Portland Public Market fit perfectly with many city planners' and private investors' intents for the future. This essay seeks to offer a unique glimpse of how commercial communities form and how commercial environments evolve through the politics of food distribution, consumerism, and producer-to-consumer relationships.

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Jeong, Young-Ok Kwak. « Participation patterns and barriers to participation in adult education activities among international women in Blacksburg, Va., U.S.A ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90949.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the participation patterns, preferences, and barriers which prevent international students' wives from participating in adult education programs. To obtain the data necessary to answer the research questions posed in this study, a sample of sixty seven respondents was selected. The results of analysis revealed that women with jobs and women with longer duration of stay in the United States are less likely to participate. The programs in which women participate frequently are unpaid English classes, YMCA programs, International club program, and paid English classes. The programs which international women prefer are unpaid English lessons by private tutors, cooking, swimming, aerobics, and unpaid English classes. Participation in English from an unpaid tutor overall is much less than the indicated preferences. It is concluded that the major barriers are cost, no child care, lack of information, fear of deficiency of communication in English, and not enough time.
M.S.

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Norton, Michael A. « The impact of the Summer Seminar Program on midshipmen performance does summer seminar participation influence success at the Naval Academy ? / ». access online version, 2004. http://theses.nps.navy.mil/04Jun%5FNorton.pdf.

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Griffin, Marinda. « Reconstructing Identity with Urban Community Agriculture : How Refugees Confront Displacement, Food Insecurity, and Othering through Community Farming ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984264/.

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Ethnic and religious conflict, and the deepening of capitalism have led to global diaspora at unprecedented levels. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reported that as of 2015, 1 in every 122 persons worldwide were either a refugee, internally displaced, or seeking asylum. The U.S. currently admits the largest number of refugees worldwide. However, policies fail to reflect the multitude of elements that constitute successful resettlement. Moreover, many refugees come from farming backgrounds and are forced to migrate to a landless urban environment, where their skill sets may not be utilized and farm land is not available. I argue that existing resettlement processes are embedded in logics and practices that alienate humans from nature and from each other through competition, isolation, and placeless environments. Through an exploration in concepts of urban agriculture, place-making, identity, and otherness, and illuminating the experiences of resettled refugees involved in a community gardening project in Fort Worth, Texas, show how the urban refugee garden provides the individual a space to narrate an identity, and to resist industrial agriculture and labor outside their industry. Exploring best practices in resettlement should be a priority to governments, politicians, and communities involved in the process and highlight the reasons to advocate these types of resettlement alternatives.

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Pokross, Amy Elizabeth. « The American Community College's Obligation to Democracy ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5129/.

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In this thesis, I address the dichotomy between liberal arts education and terminal vocational training in the American community college. The need is for reform in the community college in relation to philosophical instruction in order to empower citizens, support justice and create more sustainable communities. My call for reform involves a multicultural integration of philosophy into terminal/vocational programs as well as evolving the traditional liberal arts course to exist in a multicultural setting. Special attention is focused on liberating the oppressed, social and economic justice and philosophy of education.

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Thomas, Kent M. « Participation in the environmental information exchange network using the national emission inventory dataflow ». [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2008. http://165.236.235.140/lib/KThomas2008.pdf.

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Funk, Paul A. « An assessment of the Junior Officer Cryptological Career Program (JOCCP) in relation to the Marine Corps Signals Intelligence community ». Thesis, access online version, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA396136.

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Hernandez, Javier. « An exploratory study of Hispanic officer recruiting in the Mexican-American community of South-Central Los Angeles : implications for the officer corps of the future ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FHernandez.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resource Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Alice M. Crawford, Mark J. Eitelberg. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127). Also available online.

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Khemmarat, Khemrutai. « Community characterisitcs and industrial toxic releases in the United States ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/565/.

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This thesis explores the empirical relationship between community characteristics and the amount of chemical releases from local industrial facilities for all 50 states of the US. We concentrate primarily on the effects of ethnic composition and the degree of ethnic diversity within a community. The effect of ethnic composition is captured by the share of each ethnic group within a community. The degree of ethnic diversity is measured by two indices: the fractionalization and polarization index. Our empirical results provide a number of interesting findings. First, there is inconsistent evidence in support of the effect of ethnic composition on chemical releases in 1991-1995 at the zip code level. However, we find that the amount of releases is related with the potential of a community’s collective action to pressurize polluters. Second, we show that local facilities’ environmental performance is not only influenced by the ethnic composition of a community but also by the ethnic diversity of local residents. We argue that ethnic heterogeneity makes it more difficult for members of a community to cooperate and instigate a collective action to protest local polluting facilities. Our estimated results confirm that chemical releases during the period of 1991-1995 increase in a more ethnically diverse communities. Third, our results suggest that differences in toxicity among chemicals should be taken into account when investigating the effect of community characteristics on chemical releases from local facilities. Our findings also confirm the effects of ethnic composition and ethnic diversity in determining chemical releases in 2001-2005 at a county level. However, such findings are subject to regional differences and the choice of chemicals included in the analysis.

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Bunyard, Magen Lynn. « Evaluation Practices of Community College Faculty Development Programs ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699864/.

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The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the current state of community college faculty development program evaluation and identify possible influences on evaluation practices. Data from 184 survey responses and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) were analyzed to answer three research questions. Multiple regression was used to determine if a relationship existed between the dependent/outcome variable (evaluation utilization score) and the independent/predictor variable (accrediting agency affiliation: MSCHE, NEASC, NCA, NWCCU, SACS, and WASC) and/or control variables (institution locale, student FTE, expenses per student FTE, percent spent on instruction, and percent of full-time faculty). Results were not statistically significant, F (12, 163) = 1.176, p = .305. The mean evaluation scores were similar for all six accrediting agencies ranging from 60-69. The rural variable was statistically significant with p = .003 and alpha = .05, but it only accounted for 3.6% of the variance explained. Logistic regression was used to determine if a relationship existed between the dependent/outcome variable (use of evaluation) and the above-specified independent/predictor variable and/or control variables for six faculty development program activities. Results revealed that significant predictor variables for the use of evaluation vary based on the faculty development program activity. Statistically significant predictors were identified for two of the six activities. The percent spent on instruction variable was statistically significant for financial support for attending professional conferences (p = .02; alpha = .05). The NCA affiliation and student FTE variables were statistically significant for orientation for new faculty (p = .007; alpha = .05 and p = .027; alpha = .05 respectively). The analysis of the evaluation methods was conducted using descriptive statistics and frequencies. The most frequently used evaluation methods were questionnaire and verbal feedback. NCA was identified as having the greatest number of institutions using the most frequently used evaluation methods for four of the activities. SACS was identified as having the largest number of institutions using the greatest number of evaluation methods for five of the activities. It was discovered that accrediting agencies with policies regarding faculty development program evaluation practices were not more likely to have higher evaluation utilization scores or utilize evaluation methods more frequently than accrediting agencies without such policies. The study revealed that among community college faculty development programs evaluation practice similarities were more prevalent than differences regardless of accrediting agency affiliation. As a result of this discovery, future research should extend beyond the accrediting agency affiliation emphasis and explore additional influences on institutional decision making processes regarding community college faculty development program evaluation practices.

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Stout, Margaret C. « The U.S. Navy Submarine Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustic community : a case study in strategic planning for a decentralized, multi-organizational, military community / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FStout.pdf.

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Morrison, Douglas B. « Resource Allocation Patterns at U.S. Community Colleges : An Evaluation of Priorities, Efficiency and the Historical Mission 1981-82 Through 1986-87 ». PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1138.

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Over a six-year period, this study compares the demonstrated priorities and efficiency of 328 U.S. community colleges to the historical mission of community colleges which includes the goals of unrestricted student access, service to many students, and the delivery of comprehensive, high-quality, low-cost educational programs. Sample data was provided by NACUBO for 328 institutions (out of a U.S. population of 770) reporting in both 1981-82 and 1986-87. The study compares the 1986-87 resource allocation patterns for each institution to the 1981-82 patterns for that same institution. Measurements include the level, mix, and rate of change in F.T.E. student enrollments, square footage, market penetration, the number of full-time faculty, F.T.E. faculty, support staff, and expenditures for Direct Instruction, Instructional Support, Student Services, Institutional Support, and Plant Operations. 2 Summary data is presented for the sample as a whole and separately by state for institutions with enrollment growth and for institutions wi th enrollment decline. Over the six-year period, sample institutions received $1.4 billion in incremental revenues. Classroom teaching received 43.1 cents of every incremental dollar, ranked fourth out of five expenditure categories in rate of expenditure growth and fell from 50.5% of total expenditures to 48.4%. Square footage and F.T.E. support staff increased 9.3% and 13.2% respectively while F.T.E. student enrollments and the number of full-time faculty declined 2.9% and 2.4% respectively. By 1986-87 fewer F.T.E. students and a smaller percentage of service area populations were served by fewer full-time teachers, at higher cost by substantially more square footage and support staff. The study concludes that these patterns are inefficient and inconsistent with the historical mission of community colleges.

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Chambless, Cheryl Chesney. « Student aid and persistence in public community colleges ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40101.

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The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model for assessing the effects of student aid on community college student persistence. A sample consisting of all students who had entered a public community college during the 1980 fall term was drawn from the database of High School and Beyond, 1980 Senior Cohort. Omitting transfer students brought the sample size to 1,364 students. The model of student persistence was based on Tinto's theory of student integration and prior research that suggested student aid may be related to the persistence of community college students. Persistence was defined as the number of terms of enrollment over a two year period (1980-81 and 1981-82). Receipt of aid was associated with lower socioeconomic status, higher tuition charges, above average high school grades, and an ethnic background other than Asian or non-Hispanic white. Aid recipients considered college costs and the availability of aid more important factors in their college choice. A model of student persistence composed of eight exogenous and five endogenous variables was tested through path analysis. It was found that the receipt of student aid did not have significant effects on any of the subsequent variables in the model. Estimation of a reduced path model omitting the aid variable did not result in a significant reduction in explained variance. Degree goals, initial expectation regarding higher education, encouragement to attend college, academic integration, and full-time work were the most important influences on persistence. These findings validated the importance of some of the major constructs in the theory of student integration, but they did not support the research hypothesis that student aid recipients would have a higher rate of persistence than nonrecipients when other factors were held constant. Since encouragement from significant others had a strong and positive association with student persistence, it was suggested that future research consider the role of encouragement on persistence.
Ph. D.

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Gericke, Kevin L. « Public participation and its relationship to conflict in national forest planning ». Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040603/.

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Sargent, Nancy. « Length of WIC participation and parental knowledge about child feeding practices ». Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845970.

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Because children eat better when their parents use appropriate feeding practices, this study examined WIC participation and parental knowledge about child feeding practices. A Child Feeding Questionnaire was developed to evaluate parental knowledge about these feeding practices. The questions evaluated parents' knowledge about their responsibilities and the responsibilities of their children in feeding situations, the role of parental modeling when eating, appropriate snack habits, management of dislikes/picky eating, and the use of coercive feeding practices. The directors of four WIC clinics, with clients of differing sociodemographic status, agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire was tested with and revised following work with clients in two of the four WIC clinics. The questionnaire was then administered to 403 parents during WIC certification visits. Cronbach Alpha reliability measures indicated that the reliability of the instrument was low. Therefore, no real conclusions could be drawn from the results. However, the data analyses did suggest some possible findings that would need additional study to verify their existance. ANOVA measures indicated that increased length of WIC participation was not associated with an increase in the total number of correct responses. Parental responds suggested that the majority of respondents understood the responsibility of parents for deciding what foods to offer (88.3), and when to offer food (71.7 %), the importance of healthy snacks in the diet of children (79.4 %), the need to set a good parental example with eating (92.6 %), and the importance of exposing children to foods that the children dislike (80.1%). However, one-third of the parents did not agree or know that children should be resonsible for deciding how much to eat when foods are being offered. In addition, the majority of parents (68.7 %) indicated that it was acceptable to substitute a food for one that is disliked by children. With respect to the use of coercive feeding strategies to get children to eat, parental responses reflected that many parents (46.7 %) did not feel that the use of rewards to get children to eat was not advisable. Based on the researcher's professional knowledge that WIC staff generally provide only nutrition information related to immediate problems, it was recommended that WIC staff members who provide nutrition education might serve the participants better if the education that they provided was directed at broader nutrition issues that parents face in guiding their children to eat well. Perhaps this education will indirectly alleviate immediate nutritional needs of the individual child and prevent the occurance of other nutrition problems. This would require additional study for verification.
Department of Home Economics

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Tulloch, Scott. « Mapping U.S. Civic Engagement Discourse : A Geo-Critical Rhetorical Wandering ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TullochS2008.pdf.

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Beatty, Joshua Fogarty. « Thinking Globally, Acting Locally : The Struggle for Community in Revolutionary Newport ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626371.

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Brennan, Kelly Marie. « The Bucktrout Funeral Home, a Study of Professionalization and Community Service ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626538.

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Thomas, Sarah E. « Community and Culture : Material Life in Shenandoah County, Virginia, 1750-1850 ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192713.

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This dissertation explores material life in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia from 1750 to 1850 through extant objects and those found in the documentary record. In the process, it highlights diverse processes of community formation that took place among artisans in Shenandoah County. This work provides three different perspectives on the processes of community formation in Shenandoah County, focusing on the impermanent buildings of early settlers, the growth of permanence at an ironworking community at Redwell Furnace and Pine Forge, and cultural markers in the furniture and material life of artisans Godfrey Wilkin and Johannes Spitler. The project brings together ideas about the development of a community with its own distinct regional culture by exploring the material life of Shenandoah County’s residents. There was a transition from distinct ethnicities to more homogenous regionalism that occurred from the earliest settlements beginning in the 1730s to generations later in the 1850s with a growth of a regional culture distinctive to the Shenandoah Valley. A major contribution of this work is that people, not their buildings or objects, have an active voice in a rich and detailed history of material life. Objects, buildings, and landscape, both extant and long gone, allow historians to explore the everyday life of people that have often been overlooked and previously inaccessible. This dissertation thus provides a snapshot of the varied material life of a community of artisans and consumers in Virginia’s northern Shenandoah Valley.

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Abel, Michael K. « Sacred ties : why religion inspires confidence, community, and sacrifice / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8894.

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Clark, B. « The United States limitation on benefits clause and the European Community ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597720.

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The core of this dissertation analyses the compatibility of the limitation on benefits (LOB) clause in European Community (EC) Member State tax treaties with the United States (US) with EC law. This dissertation argues that the LOB clause is generally incompatible with the fundamental freedoms in the EC Treaty. In order to adequately remove the defects of the LOB clause, any anti-treaty shopping clause should be based on the theory of economic allegiance and should accurately assess a corporate taxpayer’s economic attachment to a contracting State. The most appropriate method to assess this economic attachment is to develop subjective economic criteria based on the theory of formulary apportionment. The LOB clause has a number of obtrusive defects in both its goal and its compatibility with the aims and objectives of a community of States such as the EC. This dissertation focuses on the question of whether the LOB clause is compatible with the fundamental freedoms of the EC Treaty. Answering this question involves considering complex legal issues in EC law such as the internal and external scope of EC law, the concept of an economic activity, the evolution of EC law and the exercise of discrimination by a non-Member State. This dissertation claims that EC law has not yet evolved to a stage where it will apply to a situation lacking a cross-border intra-Community economic activity. Consequently, a Member State may appropriately exclude certain non-active corporate residents from the benefits of its double tax treaties without infringing its obligations under the EC Treaty. This dissertation also evaluates the potential liability in damages of the Member States for concluding a tax treaty with the US that includes a LOB clause. This dissertation claims that the Member States will not be found liable for including the clause in their tax treaties due to the lack of incentive for a taxpayer to challenge the clause, and further due to the inability of a taxpayer to establish causation in any claim for damages. The LOB clause is a creature of bilateral tax treaties. The US government developed the clause in an aim to restrict treaty shopping, reduce the erosion of it tax base and preserve its balance of payments as the economic position of the US changed substantially from the 1960s to the 1980s. This significant economic change prompted the US Treasury Department to develop the LOB clause in its modern form.

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Droessler, Holger. « Islands of Labor : Community, Conflict, and Resistance in Colonial Samoa, 1889-1919 ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467185.

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My dissertation follows the lives and struggles of the workers of Samoa from the last decade of the nineteenth century until the end of the Great War. Drawing on a wide range of sources—from travel reports and court depositions to photographs and maps—my dissertation reconstructs the experiences of Samoans as well as migrants from Melanesia, Micronesia, and China. This diverse group of peoples living in Samoa harnessed their own energy and that of their natural environment to create a colonial world often beyond their own control. At the same time, they succeeded in re-creating their own lifeworlds in ways that often defied the limits of this colonial world. I argue that community, conflict, and resistance among workers in colonial Samoa can best be understood by delving deeply into the particular dynamics of particular workscapes. Five workscapes—the subsistence economy, the plantation, the ethnographic show, the building of infrastructure, and the colonial service—became crucibles of lived sociality and, over time, political solidarity for the people living and laboring in colonial Samoa. As much as German, American, and New Zealand colonial officials tried to keep workers apart from one another, they succeeded in overcoming racial and colonial boundaries and formed new kinds of community.
American Studies

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Richter, Julie (Caroline Julia). « A community and its neighborhoods : Charles Parish, York County, Virginia, 1630-1740 ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623828.

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The majority of studies of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century communities have examined either towns, the focus of social organization in New England, or counties, the equivalent for the Chesapeake. However, the parish, not the county, was the unit of government that dealt with the problems which affected seventeenth- and eighteenth- century Virginians. Because the parish served as a focus for the day to day activities of the majority of colonial Virginians, it seems logical to examine a parish community in order to learn about their lives. However, most of the Chesapeake historians have focused their studies on a county or several counties.;The following study focuses on the development of Charles Parish, York County, Virginia from 1630 to 1740 in order to contribute new information to what is already known about life in the early Chesapeake. A detailed approach based on biographical data about residents of Charles provides data about the impact of high mortality rates and immigration on the development of the parish community and its neighborhoods, the role that family members and neighbors played in associations, the different social levels within Charles and its neighborhoods, the ways in which local leaders exercised their power, and the impact of nearby Williamsburg and Yorktown on a rural area such as Charles Parish. The inclusion of all the free residents--women, free blacks, and small white planters, not just the successful white male planters--of Charles in a data base makes it possible to study the role of each group in the parish community. A variety of sources including the most complete birth and death registers extant for a seventeenth-century Virginia parish, colonial records, and court proceedings from York County furnish the necessary data to study the development of neighborhoods in Charles and the parish's connections to the other parishes in York County and the nearby counties.

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Westbrook, Jane (Juanita Jane). « State Funding for Community Education Projects ». Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501099/.

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The problem of this study was an analysis of the funding procedures in states which provide funding for local community education projects. The purpose of the study was to identify states which appropriate funds for community education and to provide an analysis of the guidelines for operation and use of state funds for community education at the local level. Twenty-five states were initially identified as having some type of state funding for community education, Eleven of the twenty-one states responding do provide funding for use at the local level. The guidelines and applications for obtaining these funds were compared in the areas of purpose of state legislation, minimum elements required of community education projects, eligibility requirements, use of state funds, grant periods, and annual reporting requirements.

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Hall, Bruce Martin. « The Legitimacy of Selected Watershed Organizations in the Midwestern United States ». OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/766.

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Legitimacy in natural resource management refers to the degree to which citizens accept and comply with stated goals and policies. Lack of legitimacy can threaten collaborative-based watershed groups that rely on voluntary compliance to achieve their water quality goals. These groups are locally-based, and sprouted up due to the complexities and political barriers that have prevented better control of non-point, or diffuse, pollution off the landscape and into streams and lakes. One of the most cited requirements for legitimacy in natural resource collaborations is inclusive representation. An exploratory study of several watershed groups in Wisconsin and Illinois uncovered a worrisome exclusion of key stakeholders in the watershed along with an absence of certain demographic groups. Key underrepresented stakeholders included farmers, federal government officials, and national environmental groups. The absence of farmer participation is especially troubling considering the large amount of agricultural land contained within two of the basins studied. In addition, the voluntary nature of watershed group collaboration led to a stilted demographic base, with white males of higher income and education dominating the process. Public participation in watershed groups has been cited numerous times in the literature as a key ingredient of legitimacy, yet it seems that the citizens in the watershed rely on elected officials for their representation. Results from this survey uncovered a lack of participation by elected officials, however, and this provided another barrier to inclusive and high-quality representation in watershed organizations. Another common feature of watershed collaborations is consensus decision-making, but these consensus groups often exhibited exclusion of "difficult" stakeholders, as well as self-exclusion of people who lacked patience with the time-consuming nature of the process. Survey results also indicated that some people felt contentious issues were being avoided in an attempt to reach consensus, as was documented in the literature. Accountability was an identified as a threat to legitimacy in both the focus groups and surveys, and there were doubts about follow-through once projects were agreed upon. Umbrella organizations that provided capacity-building and scientific expertise would often switch to other funded projects, and some wondered if outcomes could be maintained. Government was often cited in the surveys and focus groups as an entity that can be used to foster accountability, but the same respondents seemed to detest more government regulation while embracing accountability. Overall, respondents seemed conflicted about the role of government in these collaborations. Lack of trust was found to be very intense in the two Wisconsin watersheds, due mostly to run-ins with the Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Lack of trust spurred participation in watershed groups, particularly, when property owners lived lakeside. Meetings would become crowed as landowners wary of regulation or restrictions on their property came to protect their turf. While lack of trust may encourage participation, it also reduces overall legitimacy in the three watersheds studied in this paper, and still appears to be a large stumbling block to legitimacy despite many years of effort. Scientific uncertainty regarding sources of pollutants added to distrust between municipalities in the Illinois watershed, and this was exacerbated by a paucity of monitoring stations and baseline data. The watershed groups studied in this paper were three of the most successful and long-standing collaborations in this region -- and benefitted from effective leadership, capacity-building at multiple scales, transparency, and quality representation. But even in these groups many red flags emerged to threaten legitimacy, and hence the long-term sustainability and success of such groups. More research is needed to test some of the ideas uncovered here, but relying on a voluntary-approach to deal with the insidious problem of non-point source pollution may be a recipe for disaster. Alternative management strategies must be developed to combat runoff pollution, and it seems that more regulation and strict benchmarks should be instituted at the local level --- and be nested within larger scales at the state, regional, and federal level. In this type of strategy the local government would provide the "sticks" with land-use controls and pollution fees, and the state could be a source of "carrots" in the way of funding for projects.

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Butts, Jonathan J. « Community and social justice in New Deal-era urban literature ». Related electronic resource : Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Hellier, Cathleene Betz. « Private Land Development in Williamsburg, 1699-1748 : Building a Community ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625487.

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Soma, Samantha Isabella. « Community, Conversation, and Conflict : a Study of Deliberation and Moderation in a Collaborative Political Weblog ». PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1447.

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Concerns about the feasibility of the Internet as an appropriate venue for deliberation have emerged based on the adverse effects of depersonalization, anonymity, and lack of accountability on the part of online discussants. As in face-to-face communication, participants in online conversations are best situated to determine for themselves what type of communication is appropriate. Earlier research on Usenet groups was not optimistic, but community-administered moderation may provide a valuable tool for online political discussion groups who wish to support and enforce deliberative communication among a diverse or disagreeing membership. This research examines individual comments and their rating and moderation within a week-long "Pie Fight" discussion about community ownership and values in the Daily Kos political blog. Specific components of deliberation were identified and a content analysis was conducted for each. Salient issues included community reputation, agreement and disagreement, meta-communication, and appropriate expression of emotion, humor, and profanity. Data subsets were analyzed in conjunction with the comment ratings given by community members to determine what types of interaction received the most attention, and how the community used the comment ratings system to promote or demote specific comment types. The use of middle versus high or low ratings, the value of varied ratings format, and the use of moderation as a low-impact means of expressing dissent were also explored. The Daily Kos community members effectively used both comments and ratings to mediate conflict, assert their desired kind of community, demonstrate a deliberative self-concept, and support specific conditions of deliberation. The moderation system was used to sanction uncivil or unproductive communication, as intended, and was also shown to facilitate deliberation of disagreement rather than creating an echo chamber of opinion.

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Han, Choong Hee. « Media use and community integration of international students : a study of a mid-size U.S. university ». Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318614.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of international students' media use and their community integration in their current host society. After starting from the community integration theory, this study broadened its research perspective to internationalstudents' media use, acculturation, uses and gratifications, English anxiety, and the Internet as an informative media. On the basis of previous study results, use of American originated media was expected to have a positiverelationship with community integration, while, to the contrary, home country-originated media was expected to have a negative relationship with community integration.Data was collected with an online survey. A total of 117 international students who were registered for the Ball State University summer semester in 2005 participated in the survey.Correlation and t-tests largely supported the hypothesis, revealing a strong correlation between the university newspaper and community integration. Home country-originated media showed a number of negative correlations to community integration. In addition, data analysis found that different levels of community integration were associated with each other, indicating that community integration on a certain community level can be extended to other levels of community integration. The Internet was found to be a negative factor in community integration. Theoretical and methodological implications of the findings were discussed for future research.
Department of Journalism

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Roberts, Ayanna. « Protesting the polls : how postmaterialism affects political articipation in young people ». Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98577.

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The decline thesis proposes that political participation among young people has declined steadily and alarmingly since the 1960s. New research proposes that young people have not been simply abstaining from political participation but that they have been engaging in new or alternative forms of participation like demonstrating, signing petitions and expressing themselves politically in the market. This paper asks two questions---who are these alternative participators and what explains why they have turned to these new forms? The results indicate that young people engage with alternative forms of political participation more than they engage with more traditional forms like joining political parties and lobbying Congress. Furthermore, the results show that the theory of postmaterialism does explain in part what leads some young people to participate in these alternative forms more than others.

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Mayer, Holly A. « Belonging to the army : Camp followers and the military community during the American Revolution ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623793.

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The Continental Army was the cause and the core of a military community made up of both army personnel and camp followers, who together and separately affected the military mission. The dissertation focuses primarily on the civilian, as opposed to the military, members of the "Continental Community." Fitting within the broad context of social history, it is also a part of the new military history.;Books and articles on armies have typically dealt with the military structure, the campaigns and battles, and the exploits of uniformed heroes or traitors. Those accounts provide merely the background here. In this dissertation, the military community is illuminated. It includes the prostitutes that most people immediately think of when they hear the term "camp follower," but, as American soldiers were too infrequently and poorly paid to support a large retinue of such followers, they are only a very small part of this work. Actually, the spotlight shines on those persons specified in Article 23, Section XIII of the 1776 Articles of War: "All sutlers and retainers to a camp, and all persons whatsoever serving with the armies of the United States, ... " The dissertation examines the sutlers and other merchants who supplied the encampments, the family members, servants, and volunteers who fell under the heading of retainers to a camp, and the other civilians who served with the army in various capacities. It is this very broad definition of camp follower that makes the topic unique.;This dissertation shows that camp followers engaged in numerous tasks to support the army. Men entered the camps to sell goods and services (from soap and liquor to dancing lessons), or busied themselves in the Quartermaster and Commissary Departments. Women cooked, cleaned, sewed, nursed, and sometimes engaged in espionage. African-Americans served not only their individual masters, but the army as well in jobs as diverse as courier duty and ditch-digging.

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Beggs, Alvin Dwayne. « Ernest Gruening, Wayne Morse and the Senate Debate Over United States Participation in Vietnam 1965-1969 and Its Affect on United States Foreign Policy ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1124482196.

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DiBlasi, Joan. « Interorganizational development : how community-based agencies form networks : a study of the start-up phase ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288766.

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Heffner, Christopher James. « The impact of high-stakes testing on curriculum, funding, instructional time, and student participation in music programs ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021419.

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Rader, Neil Christopher. « Development of a Civil Engineer Corps community portal prototype ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FRader.pdf.

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Decadt, Leen. « Public participation in environmental impact assessment : a comparative analysis of the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States' ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52424.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite calls for greater public participation in all aspects of environmental planning, impact assessment and decision making, opportunities for participation in the planning, legal and administrative systems governing these activities, are limited. Public participation has often been reduced to a procedural exercise instead of a substantive process to include the public in environmental decision making. Thus, it is relevant to examine public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), providing ways to improve its effectiveness. The emphasis of this thesis is therefore, to compare the role of public participation in the environmental assessment process in the United Kingdom, South Africa and the United States. It begins by defining the principles of Environmental Impact Assessment and the concept of public participation and explores how the rationales of public participation may be integrated into the environmental planning process. Features of each of the three existing EIA systems are examined since components such as the appropriate legislative framework, the institutional framework, the public, and formal and informal public participation opportunities in the EIA process are the factors contributing towards effective public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment. The author argues that public participation deserves attention because the degree of participation affects the quality of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which, in turn, affects the quality of a decision about a project. Broader participation creates more information and alternatives to be presented to decision makers, enhancing the opportunity to mesh public values and government policy. Although public participation may slow down the EIA process, the real goal of EIA theory is to ensure sustainable development, no matter how long the EIA process takes. Apparently, the three EIA laws discussed in the comparative analysis, are consistent with sustainable development since these laws operate to force considerations of environmental impacts into the decision making process. Moreover, properly drafted EIA laws are based on a strict standard of procedural compliance to ensure that the responsible decision makers are fully apprised of the environmental consequences which they review. Involving the public is a safeguard against bad or politically motivated decisions, and a mechanism to increase public awareness of the delicate balance between economic and environmental trade offs. If conducted openly, it may ultimately increase public confidence in the decision making process. Public participation has the potential to enhance the maintenance of accountability in public and private sectors. The public should realise that they, individually or through interest groups, can participate in public matters that affect them, with a view to persuading decision makers and shaping environmental policies. The thesis further reviews the different roles the public can play during the various stages of an Environmental Impact Assessment process, whereby formal and informal public participation opportunities are explored according to the country-specific context. The comparative analytical framework in the thesis reveals significant variations within and between the three countries. Apparently, the three EIA systems seem to possess more or less mature, well-defined and formal Environmental Impact Assessment systems. For the UK and South Africa, examples could be taken from the United States, which has developed more adequate public participation provisions than those of the European Directive and of the South African EIA Regulations, particularly as far as the level and degree of public participation and techniques are concerned.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van beroepe op groter openbare deelname in alle aspekte van omgewingsbeplanning, inpakbeoordeling en besluitneming, is geleenthede vir deelname in die beplannings-, administratiewe en wetlike sisteme wat hierdie aktiwiteite beheer, beperk. Openbare deelname word dikwels gereduseer tot 'n proseduriële oefening in plaas van 'n substantiewe proses te wees om die publiek in omgewingsbesluitneming te betrek. Dit is derhalwe relevant dat openbare deelname in Omgewingsimpakbeoordeling (algemeen in Engels na verwys as EIA) ondersoek word tot einde wyses vir effektiwiteitsverbetering daar te stel. Die aksent van hierdie tesis is dus 'n vergelyking van openbare deelname in omgewingsbeoordeling in die Verenigde Koninkryk, Suid-Afrika en die Verenigde State van Amerika onderskeidelik. Daar word begin met definiëring van die beginsels van EIA en die konsep "openbare deelname" en 'n ondersoek na integrering van die rationales vir openbare deelname in die omgewingsbeplanningsproses. Kenmerke van elk van die drie bestaande EIA -stelsels word ondersoek aangesien komponente soos die geskikte wetgewende raamwerk, die institusionele raamwerk, die publiek, asook formele en informele openbare deelname-geleenthede in die EIA -proses, die bydraende faktore is tot effektiewe openbare deelname in EIA. Die navorser argumenteer dat openbare deelname aandag verdien omdat die graad van deelname die kwaliteit van die EIA affekteer met voortspruitende effek vir die kwaliteit van besluitneming rakende 'n projek. Breër deelname skep meer inligting en alternatiewe vir voorlegging aan die besluitnemers ter verbetering van die geleentheid vir die ineenskakeling van openbare waardes en regeringsbeleid. Hoewel openbare deelname die EIA-proses mag vertraag, is die werklike doel van EIA-teorie die bewerkstelliging van volhoubare ontwikkeling, ongeag van hoe lank die proses ook mag duur. Die drie EIA-wette bespreek in die vergelykende analise is oënskynlik konsekwent in terme van volhoubare ontwikkeling aangesien hierdie wette gerig is op die inkorporering van omgewingsimpak oorwegings in die besluitnemingsproses. Verder is behoorlik geformuleerde EIA-wette gebaseer op 'n streng standaard van proseduriële onderworpenheid ten einde te verseker dat die verantwoordelike besluitnemers ten volle ingelig is oor die omgewingsgevolge onder hersiening. Die insluiting van die publiek is 'n voorsorg teen swak of polities gemotiveerde besluite en 'n meganisme om openbare bewustheid ten opsigte van die delikate balans tussen ekonomiese en omgewings komprimieë. As dit openlik gedoen word, behoort dit op die lange duur die publiek se vertoue in die besluitnemingsproses te verhoog. Openbare deelname kan tot die behoud van, deur hul betrokkenheid aanspreeklikheid in die openbare en private sektore bydra. Die publiek moet besef dat hulle deur hulle betrokkenheid, individueel of deur middel van belangegroepe, in openbare aangeleenthede wat hulle raak, beluitnemers kan oorreed en omgewingsbeleid help vorm. Die tesis beskou ook die verskillende rolle wat die publiek gedurende die verskillende fases van 'n Omgewingsimpakbeoordelingsproses kan speel, en verken geleenthede vir formele en informele openbare deelname binne elke land se spefieke konteks. Die vergelykende analitiese raamwerk in die tesis bring betekenisvolle variasies binne en tussen die drie lande aan die lig. Oënskynlik verteenwoordig die drie EIA stelsels min of meer volwasse, goed definieërde en formele Omgewingsimpakbeoordelingstelsels. Die VK en Suid Afrika kan leer uit die voorbeeld van die VSA wat meer voldoende voorsienning vir openbare deelname bied as die van die Europese Direktief en van Suid Afrika se EIA Regulasies, in besonder sover dit die vlak en graad van openbare deelname en tegnieke betref

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Bronstone, Adam Bruce. « Beyond the realist pale : European Community-United States security relations 1973-1991 ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480884.

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Tanner, Nicole N. « Underrepresentation of African American Female Community College Presidents in the United States ». ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7200.

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African American women are significantly underrepresented in the role of community college presidents in the United States. Insufficient research has been conducted related to the reason behind the underrepresentation of African American female community college presidents in this nation, warranting an investigation that led to this study. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of 7 current and former African American women who are, or have held, the community college presidency role to gain an in depth understanding as to why, from their perspective, an underrepresentation of African American female community college presidents exists in the United States. Critical race theory is the theoretical foundation that guided this phenomenological qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were conducted to collect data. The data were interpreted using phenomenological analysis. This study found that African American female community college presidents identified several barriers that lead to their underrepresentation. Race and gender were the most influential factors noted. Gender bias was evident in that women are not expected to hold the presidency position. The respondents noted that the U.S. society still has elements of white supremacy where people of color are not trusted with certain leadership positions. These sources of bias have limited access to the college presidency, leading to their lack of representation in the role. The findings of this study can assist leaders and policymakers in formulating and implementing appropriate strategies and policies to end or minimize the disparities of Black women leading US community colleges.

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Ram, Anshumala. « Effects of Head Start participation on cognitive and social functioning of children in the United States ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2000.

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Fuller, Barbara J. « An analysis of current wellness trends on United States public community college campuses ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40040.

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This study analyzed the characteristics of United States public community college wellness programs to determine the relationship of institutional size or line item budgeting on (a) staffing, (b) departmental affiliation, (c) programming, and (d) facilities. Data were collected via mail surveys from 156 public community colleges within the United States. The population consisted of United States public community colleges with wellness programs. Two purposeful samples were utilized: a conference based sample consisting of those institutions which were represented at the 1993 Sixth Annual Community College Wellness Conference and a director identified based sample of community colleges which had been identified by state directors as having a wellness program. The review of literature examined (a) definitions of wellness, (b) goals/objectives of wellness programs, (c) components of wellness programs, (d) corporate wellness programs and, (e) wellness programs in educational settings. Methodological procedures included development of a 46 item survey instrument which consisted of 43 forced choice items, and three open-ended questions. Data did not support line item budgeting significantly relating to staffing, departmental affiliation, or programming, however. there was a significant relationship concerning facilities. Data also revealed there was no significant relationship between institution size and staffing, departmental affiliation, programming, or facilities. Final analysis includes a descriptive profile of community college wellness programs which should be useful to decision makers and advisory boards who are involved in planning and evaluation.
Ed. D.

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Taft, William G. « Affordable heritage : the benefits of preserving the historic character of affordable housing ». Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902462.

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The purpose of this project was to create a document which would inform readers involved with urban community development of the benefits of integrating historic preservation into their affordable housing programs. Preservation's roots in community activism are explored and compared to the community development movement. The goals of the historic preservation movement are explained as they apply to an urban context. The document also describes the achievements of preservation in ending the damage caused by urban renewal and creating a broad public appreciation of historic buildings. Development tools related to preservation are shown to be useful for urban revitalization. Readers are informed of the elements of architectural and community character which preservationists seek to save. The definition and appropriateness of several levels of preservation are discussed in terms of when they are pragmatically useful. Neighborhoods in Savannah, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and Baltimore which have used preservation to revitalize for the poor are profiled. Several single family projects performed by an Indianapolis CDC are analyzed to determine the added cost of integrating preservation into their rehab, with the result showing that added costs are low or non existent. Three multi-unit housing rehabs in Indianapolis are analyzed to determine the cost of preservation work, and these also revealed that although preservation added less than 10% to the cost of the project, it brought valuable tax credits which raised equity exceeding these costs. The effect of preservation on low-income urban neighborhoods was broken down into benefits and costs, with benefits such as increasing property values and attracting investment to the neighborhood seeming to outweigh potential costs such as increases in taxes and rents. This advantage was particularly true if a non-profit community organization targeted their development at meeting the needs of those most likely to suffer from the costs of preservation. The document closes with guidelines on how a CDC can analyze the utility and compatibility of preservation with its existing purpose and programs. The general thrust of the conclusion is that preservation is a valuable tool for upgrading low-income communities for their existing residents, as long as it is teamed with other mechanisms to meet the needs of the disadvantaged.
Department of Architecture

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Harada, Coreen Marie. « Motivation for sport participation and withdrawal for Special Olympics athletes in the United States ». Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31972.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The purpose of this study was to examine the motives for participation in and withdrawal from sport of Special Olympics (SO) athletes using the frameworks of motivation in sport for athletes without disabilities. Two theoretical frameworks were applied--achievement motivation and self-determination theory (SDT). In addition, previous studies on the application of SDT to understanding motivation in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) were examined. This study included a nationally representative sample of 1,307 families, 579 SO athletes, and 300 SO coaches from 17 randomly selected states in the United States. Athletes and families were interviewed by telephone by trained interviewers from The Gallup Organization. Coaches were also interviewed by telephone, by the author and trained graduate students. Interviews followed scripted protocols that included questions about demographics, SO participation, and motivation for sport participation and withdrawal. The findings of this study suggest that there is similarity in motivation for sport participation between athletes with and without ID, as compared to the literature. The findings suggest, contrary to the literature on motivation for people with ID, that athletes with ID can be intrinsically motivated. However, there was a dichotomy of reasons for sport withdrawal. SO athletes generally left sport due to one of two reasons, personal interest in sport or other activities or some factor outside of the athlete's control, namely access to a local SO program. It is critical to note the relevance of the latter reason for sport withdrawal as it underscores a striking difference between athletes without disabilities and athletes with ID. In all, the theoretical frameworks of motivation have demonstrated relevance on the motivation for sport participation and withdrawal for athletes with ID. However, withdrawal due to external factors suggests a limitation in the application of the theoretical frameworks to adequately describe sport withdrawal for athletes with ID. Overall the results of this study emphasize that sport can also be a powerful experience for people with ID and promote an empowering message--that athletes are athletes, regardless of disability.
2031-01-02

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