Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Community participation – united states »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Community participation – united states"
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Wall, Brandon, Thomas Straka, and Stephen Miller. "An Econometric Study of the Factors Influencing Participation in Urban and Community Forestry Programs in the United States." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 5 (2006): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.028.
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Public participation in urban and community forestry (U&CF) programs in the contiguous 48 states of the United States can be explained by several different factors using econometric methods. The state’s percent of working population, income level, percent of forested land, dominant political affiliation, state government expenditures on education, and the number of communities participating in U&CF programs help explain the public participation rates in the programs. These factors accounted for 52% (R 2= 0.5218) of the variability in public participation in U&CF programs in 2003. Knowing the factors that influence pubic participation in U&CF programs is vital to the success of the program and can assist federal, state, and local decision-makers in planning efforts.
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Barsh, Russel Lawrence. "United Nations Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and States." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 3 (1989): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203326.
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A recent meeting of governmental and indigenous nongovernmental experts in Geneva paved the way for more direct indigenous participation in United Nations decision making, and challenged the international community to harness multilateral development assistance for the promotion of indigenous peoples’ rights.
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McCabe, B. J. "Are Homeowners Better Citizens? Homeownership and Community Participation in the United States." Social Forces 91, no. 3 (2013): 929–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sos185.
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Moen, Phyllis, and Vivian Fields. "Midcourse in the United States: Does unpaid community participation replace paid work?" Ageing International 27, no. 3 (2002): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-003-1001-0.
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Nicholas, Marjorie. "The Importance of Aphasia Community Programs in Supporting Self-Determination in PWA." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 22, no. 1 (2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld22.1.36.
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Aphasia support groups and aphasia community centers have been increasing in number over the past 2 decades in the United States and abroad. Participation in these innovative community programs can support the process of self-determination in people with aphasia. In this article, I discuss specific examples of how this occurs and, in addition, review the Living With Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement (A-FROM) model (Kagan et al., 2008) as a useful way to conceptualize the individual benefits that people with aphasia (PWA) may receive from participation in aphasia community centers. The article concludes with a case presentation exemplifying the multi-level benefits achieved from participating in aphasia community programs.
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Rosenfeld, Lindsay, Jessica M. Kramer, Melissa Levin, Kimberly Barrett, and Dolores Acevedo-Garcia. "Scoping Review: Social Determinants of Young Children’s Participation in the United States." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 38, no. 4 (2018): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449218784727.
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Optimal child development is supported by services, policies, a social determinants of health (SDOH) frame, and meaningful participation (as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health–Children and Youth [ICF-CY]). This scoping review describes the social determinants that may affect the participation of young children aged 0 to 3 years with developmental disabilities (DD) in the United States. Scoping review of studies including U.S. children with DD aged 0 to 3 years, from 2000 to 2016, were used. 5/979 studies met inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently coded studies to align them with both ICF-CY and SDOH. Studies found determinants of participation stemming from the child (e.g., individual) and multiple contexts: immediate, community, and policy. The emergent literature continues to primarily focus on child determinants but suggests participation of young children with DD is affected by social determinants stemming from the community and policy contexts. The literature underrepresents children from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds.
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Strassner, Erich H., and Jessica R. Nicholson. "Measuring the digital economy in the United States." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 3 (2020): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200666.
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The United States’ Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) has recently published statistics exploring the size and growth of the digital economy in response to the interests of the data user community and the international statistical community. BEA independently developed preliminary digital economy statistics but has relied on consultation with other statistical organizations and participation in numerous international working groups aimed at advancing coordinated and internationally comparable digital economy measurement. This report describes BEA’s digital economy measurement efforts to date including initial work towards a digital economy satellite account and related research on quantifying the value of “free” digital media the treatment and measurement of data. This report also discusses BEA’s efforts to improve price measures for high-tech goods and services, notably internet and wireless services, cloud services, and ride-hailing services. Lastly, the report provides an overview of BEA’s measurement work related to digital services international trade.
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Maldonado, Laura G., and Audrey J. Jaeger. "Exploring Participation in SkillsUSA Among Postsecondary Students." Career and Technical Education Research 45, no. 3 (2020): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5328/cter45.3.21.
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Industries across the United States are facing a shortage of skilled technical workers. This qualitative case study investigated how participation in SkillsUSA, a career and technical student organization, influenced community college students' preparedness for the workforce and their connection to campus. Data were gathered from interest questionnaires, interviews, resumes, and observations. Using the psychology of working theory to frame the study, findings revealed participation in SkillsUSA influenced students' work choices, initiative, and confidence in overcoming obstacles. Participants also reported benefitting from a supportive campus community. The study provided an extension of the psychology of working theory to community college populations and has implications for practitioners and policymakers.
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McDonnell, Simon, Pooya Ghorbani, Courtney Wolf, et al. "A Managed-Participatory Approach to Community Resilience: The Case of the New York Rising Community Reconstruction Program." American Review of Public Administration 49, no. 3 (2018): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074018804663.
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Research shows that resilient communities are best achieved through active public participation, informed by local input. However, post-disaster strategies in the United States are typically federally led and top-down in nature. We present an exploratory case study of resilience planning in New York State in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy, which is a combination of public participation and government supervision. We name this approach “managed-participation” because it emphasizes engaging the public in post-disaster planning, guided by a high degree of state-level leadership. We adapt a theoretical proposition of horizontal and vertical integration framework for an exploratory analysis of the case. We find that New York’s approach contributes to both horizontal and vertical integration of impacted communities by enhancing active participation in resilience efforts, and taking advantage of the state government’s position to connect local needs with federal funding. Furthermore, by utilizing expertise and funding support to guide and translate local knowledge, it produces potentially more viable resilience plans.
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Varady, David, Reinout Kleinhans, and Maarten van Ham. "The potential of community entrepreneurship for neighbourhood revitalization in the United Kingdom and the United States." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 3 (2015): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2015-0009.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to assess the current potential of community entrepreneurship in neighbourhood revitalisation in the US and the UK. The global economic crisis has had a major impact on government spending for urban regeneration. In the context of these austerity regimes, in many European countries, community entrepreneurship and active citizenship are increasingly considered as a means to continue small-scale urban revitalisation. This paper investigates recent literature on both British community enterprises (CEs) and American community development corporations (CDCs). Design/methodology/approach – Starting from a seminal article, this paper reviews literature focusing on the role of CEs and CDCs in neighbourhood revitalisation. Differences and similarities are analysed, taking into account national context differences. Findings – While CDCs have a relatively successful record in affordable housing production in distressed areas, CDCs are fundamentally limited in terms of reversing processes of community decline. CEs in the UK have focused on non-housing issues. Research limitations/implications – This paper asks the question what CEs can learn from CDCs in terms of scope, aims, strategies, accountability, assets and partnerships with public and private actors. However, a systematic literature review has not been conducted. Originality/value – This comparison reveals not only similarities but also differences with regard to aims, organisational characteristics, cooperation on multiple scales and community participation. Apart from lessons that can be learned, this paper provides recommendations for further research that should cover the lack of empirical evidence in this field.
Thèses sur le sujet "Community participation – united states"
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Iroz-Elardo, Nicole. "Participation, Information, Values, and Community Interests Within Health Impact Assessments." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1846.
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Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged in the U.S. as one promising process to increase social and environmental justice through addressing health equity issues within planning. HIA practice is guided by values such as democracy and equity and grounded in broad social determinants of health. The most readily applied definition of democracy is problematic because it implies an element of direct, participatory engagement with the public. This is at odds with HIA practice that largely relies on stakeholder engagement strategies.
This dissertation critically examines the engagement strategies of three transportation planning HIA cases to more fully understand how the HIA process may or may not promote democratic values and protect community health interests. It employs a multi-case study design that uses qualitative content analysis to trace community health interests through the HIA process, HIA document, and target plan. It finds that while the field is overstating the participatory nature of HIA, commitments to health equity and broad determinants of health protect community health interests with and without robust engagement of community stakeholders.
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Rood, Jason Alexander. "Public Participation in Emergency Management." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/333.
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With disasters increasing in frequency and costs each year, this study seeks to explore ways greater public participation can assist emergency managers in their mission to keep communities safe. Specifically this study examines the policy process and administrative functions of emergency management to illuminated the benefits and hindrances involved in greater participation. This study conducted a qualitative analysis of governmental documents, disaster case studies, international research, as well as political science and administrative doctrines, to arrive at its conclusions. The results of this study reveal that the public is a largely untapped resource in the emergency management field. Engaging the public dialogically in early policy stages and emergency management phases is essential to successful inclusion for both administrators and communities. Specifically, public inclusion creates expanded knowledge, shared learning, personal responsibility, and increased social capital. Faced with the growing threat from disasters, emergency management can create communities that are both more resilient and sustainable by increasing public participation.
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Roudebush, Deborah May. "An ethnography of community leadership through community-based community education." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/425454.
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The purposes of the study were: 1) To describe important characteristics of an ongoing, viable "community-based" community education project, 2) to determine whether the critical-principles postulated at the beginning of the study would be illustrated by considering a community-based community education project in one community, and 3) to describe the leadership behaviors utilized in a successful community-based community education project, and 4) to generate hypotheses for future research studies in community education.The data were collected and analyzed using a modified version of Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence Writing methodology, including interviewing participant observation, supplemented with document analysis and surveys.Eight of nine postulated critical principles were present in the organization studied. A partial listing of proposed hypotheses follows:1. The general principles, values, and leadership actions outlined in the agency summary can be successfully transplanted to another community.2. The director of a successful community-based community education agency must be good at controlling the flow of information, adept at negotiating, and politically persuasive.3. A tax levy is a sound, stable means for providing primary local financial support.4. The non-profit corporation is an effective structure capable of building on the resources of the major political bodies (the city council, the public school board, and the township trustees) while maintaining integrity in decision making and service provision.5. The political bodies, the people of the community, and the businesses and community organizations must all be represented in the governing body of a commuity-based community education organization.6. Detailed procedures and policies play a critical role in bridging the transition period when a new director is hired.
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García, John A., Gabriel R. Sanchez, and J. Salvador Peralta. "Latino politics: a growing and evolving political community (a reference guide)." University of Arizona Libraries (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622149.
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Table of Contents: Frontmatter / Chapter One: Latino Politics: Both a Growing and Evolving Political Community / Chapter Two: Methodology and User Guide / Chapter Three: History, Demographics and Mass Media / Chapter Four: Latino Identity / Chapter Five: Books Focused on Ethnic Studies / Chapter Six: Political Attitudes and Political Behavior / Chapter Seven: Latino Elites, Representation, and Institutions / Chapter Eight: Inter-group Relations / Chapter Nine: Public Policy Issues / Chapter Ten: Methodology and Measurement Issues / Chapter Eleven: Reference Sources / Appendixes
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O'Malley, Terence T. "The impact of participation in the European monetary union of the abnormal returns to U.S. target companies acquaired by European firms." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2002. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/291.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Business Administration<br>Finance
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Celaya-Alston, Rosemary Carmela. "Hombres en Accion (Men in Action): A Community Defined Domestic Violence Intervention with Mexican, Immigrant, Men." PDXScholar, 2010. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/52.
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Studies suggest that knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about domestic violence influence the behaviors of Mexican men. However, few interventions have targeted men in efforts to provide domestic violence awareness and health education to a relevant at-risk community that is also challenged by low literacy. Mexican immigrant men, particularly those less acculturated to the dominant U.S. culture, are significantly less likely to access services and more likely to remain isolated and removed from their communities and, more importantly, from their families. The purpose of this study was to explore and examine how cultural beliefs and behaviors influence the potential of domestic violence from the perspective of the Mexican origin, male immigrant. The research drew on existing community academic partnerships to collaboratively develop a pilot intervention that uses popular education techniques and a Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) framework. The specific aims were: 1) to use the principles and practices of CBPR to ensure that the issues addressed and results obtained are relevant to Latinos in Multnomah County, 2) to identify the beliefs, attitudes, and culture about domestic violence and male health for a population of men who are immigrants and of Mexican origin, 3) to develop and prioritize intervention strategies that are community defined, 4) to implement and evaluate a four week pilot project that utilizes community defined, literacy independent curriculum and popular education techniques to address male and family wellness and the prevention of domestic violence. Nine men participated in this study who reported inadequate or marginal functional literacy at approximately a 4.5 grade level. The findings also revealed a strong consensus among the participants' that there is confusion surrounding what constitutes domestic violence and/or what behaviors and social barriers place them at risk for health conditions. In summary, we found that the domestic violence in the Latino communities cannot be approached as a single issue; it needs to be embraced from a wellness perspective and the impact of domestic violence and health knowledge is navigated by experiences of one's past and present. Combining the tools of CBPR with the tools of popular education may allow researchers to address the Latino male's concerns with literacy while also examining other, less immediately visible, concerns. When you take the focus off such a delicate subject such as domestic violence and reframe the issue in terms of holistic health, you will then find a more cooperative and less defensive population to work with.
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Koo, Gerald M. F. "Foreign equity participation in United States airlines." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55702.
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Days, Janet H. "An empirical examination of the impact of JROTC participation on enlistment, retention and attrition /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FDays.pdf.
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Louderman, James Richard. "No Place for Middlemen| Civic Culture, Downtown Environment, and the Carroll Public Market during the Modernization of Portland, Oregon." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541723.
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<p> Following the Civil War, the American government greatly expanded the opportunities available for private businessmen and investors in an effort to rapidly colonize the West. This expansion of private commerce led to the second industrial revolution in which railroads and the corporation became the symbols and tools of a rapidly modernizing nation. It was also during this period that the responsibility of food distribution was released from municipal accountability and institutions like public markets began to fade from the American urbanscape. While the proliferation of private grocers greatly aided many metropolises' rapid growth, they did little to secure a sustainable and desirable form of food distribution. During the decades before and after the turn of the century, public market campaigns began to develop in response to the widespread abandonment of municipal food distribution. </p><p> Like many western cities, Portland, Oregon matured during the second half of the nineteenth century and lacked the historical and social precedent for the construction of a public market. Between 1851 and 1914, residents of Portland and its agricultural hinterland fought for the construction of a municipally-owned public market rallying against the perceived harmful and growing influences of middlemen. As a result of their efforts, the Carroll Public Market was founded on the curbsides of Yamhill Street in downtown Portland. While success encouraged multiple expansions and an increasingly supportive consumer base, a growing commitment to modernist planning among city officials and the spread of automobile ownership determined the market to be incompatible with the commercial future of Portland.</p><p> In an effort to acknowledge and capitalize on the Carroll Public Market's community, a group of investors, incorporated as the Portland Market Company, worked with city officials between 1926 and 1934 to create the largest public market in the United States, the Portland Public Market. As the first building of the newly constructed waterfront development, many believed the massive institution would reinvigorate nearby businesses and ultimately influence the potential of the downtown business district. The Portland Public Market was decidedly distinct from the market along Yamhill and the promoters cast it as such. By utilizing the most modern technologies and promises of convenience there was little that the two organizations shared in common. In the end, the potential of the waterfront market was never fulfilled and amidst legal scandals, an ongoing struggle to meet operating costs, and the success of a rebellious Farmers Cooperative, it shut down after nine years.</p><p> This thesis discusses these two public markets during a period of changing consumer interests and the rise of modernist planning in Portland, Oregon. Ultimately, the Carroll Public Market was torn down for reasons beyond its own control despite the comfortable profit it enjoyed each year. Many city officials refused to support the institution as they increasingly supported the values of modernism and urban planning. The Portland Public Market fit perfectly with many city planners' and private investors' intents for the future. This essay seeks to offer a unique glimpse of how commercial communities form and how commercial environments evolve through the politics of food distribution, consumerism, and producer-to-consumer relationships.</p>
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Jeong, Young-Ok Kwak. "Participation patterns and barriers to participation in adult education activities among international women in Blacksburg, Va., U.S.A." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90949.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the participation patterns, preferences, and barriers which prevent international students' wives from participating in adult education programs. To obtain the data necessary to answer the research questions posed in this study, a sample of sixty seven respondents was selected.
The results of analysis revealed that women with jobs and women with longer duration of stay in the United States are less likely to participate. The programs in which women participate frequently are unpaid English classes, YMCA programs, International club program, and paid English classes. The programs which international women prefer are unpaid English lessons by private tutors, cooking, swimming, aerobics, and unpaid English classes. Participation in English from an unpaid tutor overall is much less than the indicated preferences. It is concluded that the major barriers are cost, no child care, lack of information, fear of deficiency of communication in English, and not enough time.<br>M.S.
Livres sur le sujet "Community participation – united states"
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A review of the DOE plan for U.S. fusion community participation in the ITER program. National Academies Press, 2009.
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Handbook on family and community engagement. Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2011.
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Community-based collaboration: Bridging socio-ecological research and practice. University of Virginia Press, 2011.
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1971-, Dilworth Richardson, ed. Social capital in the city: Community and civic life in Philadelphia. Temple University Press, 2006.
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White, David Gordon. Medical school-community dialogue: A survey of current initiatives in Canada and the United States. EFPO Coordinating Centre, McMaster University, 1993.
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Litsa, Nicolaou-Smokoviti, ed. International issues in social economy: Studies in the United States and Greece. Praeger, 1989.
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1962-, Orr Marion, ed. Transforming the city: Community organizing and the challenge of political change. University Press of Kansas, 2007.
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J, Dietz Michael, and Whaley Jamie, eds. School, family, and community: Techniques and models for successful collaboration. Aspen Publishers, 1997.
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Ungar, Natter Elizabeth, and Mountain Association for Community Economic Development (U.S.), eds. Where we live: A citizen's guide to conducting a community environmental inventory. Island Press, 1995.
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A, Guidry John, ed. Engaging the community in decision making: Case studies tracking participation, voice and influence. McFarland & Company, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Community participation – united states"
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Libal, Kathryn R., and Scott Harding. "Community Practice, Fostering Participation, and Human Rights." In Human Rights-Based Community Practice in the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08210-3_5.
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DoBell, Daniel C., and Sarah A. Ingle. "Pathways to Participation: A Comparative Study of Community College Entrepreneurial Educational Programs in the United States and Ireland." In Community College Models. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9477-4_26.
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Chapman, Amy L. "The Margins Don’t Get Erased by Simply Insisting that the Powers That Be Erase Them: Social Media as a Disrupter." In Palgrave Studies in Educational Media. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10865-5_9.
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AbstractCivic education in the United States is inequitable across racial and socioeconomic lines. At the same time, social media can maintain or disrupt oppressive power structures. This chapter discusses how, in a study of teachers using Twitter for civic education, most of the teachers wanted to use social media with their students to disrupt unjust systems in their communities. Although the teachers were not yet as successful in changing these unequitable systems as they would have hoped, this chapter presents social media as a potential challenge to those unjust systems. Students who are further marginalized or vulnerable can find community and connection via social media, and social media can serve as a tool for civic participation and activism which promotes individual and community thriving. This chapter also discusses how teachers can support students in using social media for social justice-oriented civic participation.
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Szeląg, Paulina. "Social Security of States with Limited Recognition: A Case Study of the Republic of Kosovo." In Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_9.
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AbstractThe Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) comprises 57 participating states, including almost all the countries of the Western Balkans. The only country which is not a participating state of the OSCE in this region is the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo announced its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and a number of OSCE participating states soon after recognized its statehood. However, some participating states, including Serbia, Russia, Spain, Slovakia, Romania, Cyprus, and Greece, did not. International organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the OSCE, have been engaged in post-conflict reconstruction of Kosovo since 1999. The aim of this article is to show the role of international community engagement in rebuilding the social security system in Kosovo since the end of the war of 1999. This analysis will enable the reader to understand not only the evolution of the social security system in Kosovo, but also the direct and indirect impact of international community on the social security of the states with limited recognition.
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Coren, Emily. "Rhythm and Glue: An Entertainment-Education Prototype for Climate Communication." In Storytelling to Accelerate Climate Solutions. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54790-4_7.
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AbstractThis prototype of entertainment-education protocols is adapted for mainstream American audiences for climate change mitigation. The example demonstrates how entertainment-education can be used for creating community adaptation and resilience in supporting rapid transitions for sustainability. Using a narrative approach for climate communication, the Rhythm and Glue story emphasizes personal and collective efficacy, including layered examples of how climate change is already affecting the health of Americans. In the serial comedy drama, Rhythm and Glue, a Los Angeles community humorously learns to collaborate, sharing their skill sets to build a better city. Slapstick, romantic entanglements, and career advancement anchor the story, while real-time audience participation drives engagement with climate topics. Audience participation facilitates engagement increasing the capacity of existing climate mitigation programs. Each season presents an overarching climate change issue. Season One focuses on transportation transitions and the current health impacts of climate change, with subsequent seasons addressing; energy, water, food, and waste. The show highlights the realities of climate change facing residents of the United States and presents realistic solutions and behaviors that citizens can take to mitigate those effects, for themselves and their communities.
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Klein, Sharon J. W., and Stephanie Coffey. "United States Community Energy." In Handbuch Energiewende und Partizipation. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09416-4_56.
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Cook, Ian Gillespie, Jamie P. Halsall, and Paresh Wankhade. "The United States." In Sociability, Social Capital, and Community Development. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11484-2_3.
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Friedmann, Robert R. "Community policing in the United States." In Community Policing. Palgrave Macmillan US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07200-9_8.
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Zahniser, Steven S. "A Basic Participation Model." In Mexican Migration to the United States. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249627-5.
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Röcke, Anja. "United Kingdom: A National Strategy for Community Empowerment." In Framing Citizen Participation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137326669_7.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Community participation – united states"
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Hernandez, Susan D., and Mary E. Clark. "Building Capacity and Public Involvement Among Native American Communities." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1251.
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Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) supports a number of local community initiatives to encourage public involvement in decisions regarding environmental waste management and remediation. Native American tribal communities, in most cases, operate as sovereign nations, and thus have jurisdiction over environmental management on their lands. This paper provides examples of initiatives addressing Native American concerns about past radioactive waste management practices — one addresses uranium mining wastes in the Western United States and the other, environmental contamination in Alaska. These two projects involve the community in radioactive waste management decision-making by encouraging them to articulate their concerns and observations; soliciting their recommended solutions; and facilitating leadership within the community by involving local tribal governments, individuals, scientists and educators in the project. Frequently, a community organization, such as a local college or Native American organization, is selected to manage the project due to their cultural knowledge and acceptance within the community. It should be noted that U.S. EPA, consistent with Federal requirements, respects Indian tribal self-government and supports tribal sovereignty and self-determination. For this reason, in the projects and initiatives described in the presentation, the U.S. EPA is involved at the behest and approval of Native American tribal governments and community organizations. Objectives of the activities described in this presentation are to equip Native American communities with the skills and resources to assess and resolve environmental problems on their lands. Some of the key outcomes of these projects include: • Training teachers of Navajo Indian students to provide lessons about radiation and uranium mining in their communities. Teachers will use problem-based education, which allows students to connect the subject of learning with real-world issues and concerns of their community. Teachers are encouraged to utilize members of the community and to conduct field trips to make the material as relevant to the students. • Creating an interactive database that combines scientific and technical data from peer-reviewed literature along with complementary Native American community environmental observations. • Developing educational materials that meet the national science standards for education and also incorporate Native American culture, language, and history. The use of both Native American and Western (Euro-American) educational concepts serve to reinforce learning and support cultural identity. The two projects adopt approaches that are tailored to encourage the participation of, and leadership from, Native American communities to guide environmental waste management and remediation on their lands. These initiatives are consistent with the government-to-government relationship between Native American tribes and the U.S. government and support the principle that tribes are empowered to exercise their own decision-making authority with respect to their lands.
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Rodríguez Carrión, Awilda. "The Hidden Ground: Native American Intercultural Relations." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335070.
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Over the last two decades, a trend has been developing in the design community to promote social equity and emphasize the ethical responsibility of design. Community participation, programming, and post-occupancy evaluations have cemented a more democratic design process in which users, clients, and community members are given a voice to affect the final architecture product through a process called participatory design. This modus operandi becomes more vital when dealing with subcultures that historically have felt marginalized from the dominant culture. In the United States, there is great diversity among Native Americans, but our mainstream culture tends to see them as a homogeneous group, focusing on their commonalities rather than discovering and understanding individual tribal values. With the blind acceptance of generalizations about any subculture, we may miss the critical details that shape the opportunity to showcase their uniqueness and celebrate their differences. Within the studio context, what learning modalities are best to implement a participatory and constructivist learning experience? Traditionally, studio teaching with project-based design focuses on students learning formal considerations of design such as theory, environmental/structural performance, and implementation of regulatory measures. The participatory design methodology (PDM) differs in its approach by focusing on a process that emerges from all players. It does not dictate design but creates an environment that allows it to emerge through the process and interactions. The PDM process prioritizes collective synergy and creativity using participation techniques to allow for alternative solutions. In response to an inquiry by the Pawnee Native American Tribe, which invited us to investigate a proper approach to conduct design propositions within their land, this paper will report the lessons learned from the process and will exhibit alternate ways of implementing design ideas, using methodologies that expand the boundaries of academia while reaching out to native communities.
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A. Buzzetto-Hollywood, Nicole, Austin J. Hill, and Troy Banks. "Early Findings of a Study Exploring the Social Media, Political and Cultural Awareness, and Civic Activism of Gen Z Students in the Mid-Atlantic United States [Abstract]." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4762.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aim/Purpose: This paper provides the results of the preliminary analysis of the findings of an ongoing study that seeks to examine the social media use, cultural and political awareness, civic engagement, issue prioritization, and social activism of Gen Z students enrolled at four different institutional types located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The aim of this study is to look at the group as a whole as well as compare findings across populations. The institutional types under consideration include a mid-sized majority serving or otherwise referred to as a traditionally white institution (TWI) located in a small coastal city on the Atlantic Ocean, a small Historically Black University (HBCU) located in a rural area, a large community college located in a county that is a mixture of rural and suburban and which sits on the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and graduating high school students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs in a large urban area. This exploration is purposed to examine the behaviors and expectations of Gen Z students within a representative American region during a time of tremendous turmoil and civil unrest in the United States. Background: Over 74 million strong, Gen Z makes up almost one-quarter of the U.S. population. They already outnumber any current living generation and are the first true digital natives. Born after 1996 and through 2012, they are known for their short attention spans and heightened ability to multi-task. Raised in the age of the smart phone, they have been tethered to digital devices from a young age with most having the preponderance of their childhood milestones commemorated online. Often called Zoomers, they are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation and are on track to be the most well-educated generation in history. Gen Zers in the United States have been found in the research to be progressive and pro-government and viewing increasing racial and ethnic diversity as positive change. Finally, they are less likely to hold xenophobic beliefs such as the notion of American exceptionalism and superiority that have been popular with by prior generations. The United States has been in a period of social and civil unrest in recent years with concerns over systematic racism, rampant inequalities, political polarization, xenophobia, police violence, sexual assault and harassment, and the growing epidemic of gun violence. Anxieties stirred by the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded these issues resulting in a powder keg explosion occurring throughout the summer of 2020 and leading well into 2021. As a result, the United States has deteriorated significantly in the Civil Unrest Index falling from 91st to 34th. The vitriol, polarization, protests, murders, and shootings have all occurred during Gen Z’s formative years, and the limited research available indicates that it has shaped their values and political views. Methodology: The Mid-Atlantic region is a portion of the United States that exists as the overlap between the northeastern and southeastern portions of the country. It includes the nation’s capital, as well as large urban centers, small cities, suburbs, and rural enclaves. It is one of the most socially, economically, racially, and culturally diverse parts of the United States and is often referred to as the “typically American region.” An electronic survey was administered to students from 2019 through 2021 attending a high school dual enrollment program, a minority serving institution, a majority serving institution, and a community college all located within the larger mid-Atlantic region. The survey included a combination of multiple response, Likert scaled, dichotomous, open ended, and ordinal questions. It was developed in the Survey Monkey system and reviewed by several content and methodological experts in order to examine bias, vagueness, or potential semantic problems. Finally, the survey was pilot tested prior to implementation in order to explore the efficacy of the research methodology. It was then modified accordingly prior to widespread distribution to potential participants. The surveys were administered to students enrolled in classes taught by the authors all of whom are educators. Participation was voluntary, optional, and anonymous. Over 800 individuals completed the survey with just over 700 usable results, after partial completes and the responses of individuals outside of the 18-24 age range were removed. Findings: Participants in this study overwhelmingly were users of social media. In descending order, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Tik Tok were the most popular social media services reported as being used. When volume of use was considered, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Twitter were the most cited with most participants reporting using Instagram and Snapchat multiple times a day. When asked to select which social media service they would use if forced to choose just one, the number one choice was YouTube followed by Instagram and Snapchat. Additionally, more than half of participants responded that they have uploaded a video to a video sharing site such as YouTube or Tik Tok. When asked about their familiarity with different technologies, participants overwhelmingly responded that they are “very familiar” with smart phones, searching the Web, social media, and email. About half the respondents said that they were “very familiar” with common computer applications such as the Microsoft Office Suite or Google Suite with another third saying that they were “somewhat familiar.” When asked about Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard, Course Compass, Canvas, Edmodo, Moodle, Course Sites, Google Classroom, Mindtap, Schoology, Absorb, D2L, itslearning, Otus, PowerSchool, or WizIQ, only 43% said they were “very familiar” with 31% responding that they were “somewhat familiar.” Finally, about half the students were either “very” or “somewhat” familiar with operating systems such as Windows. A few preferences with respect to technology in the teaching and learning process were explored in the survey. Most students (85%) responded that they want course announcements and reminders sent to their phones, 76% expect their courses to incorporate the use of technology, 71% want their courses to have course websites, and 71% said that they would rather watch a video than read a book chapter. When asked to consider the future, over 81% or respondents reported that technology will play a major role in their future career. Most participants considered themselves “informed” or “well informed” about current events although few considered themselves “very informed” or “well informed” about politics. When asked how they get their news, the most common forum reported for getting news and information about current events and politics was social media with 81% of respondents reporting. Gen Z is known to be an engaged generation and the participants in this study were not an exception. As such, it came as no surprise to discover that, in the past year more than 78% of respondents had educated friends or family about an important social or political issue, about half (48%) had donated to a cause of importance to them, more than a quarter (26%) had participated in a march or rally, and a quarter (26%) had actively boycotted a product or company. Further, about 37% consider themselves to be a social activist with another 41% responding that aren’t sure if they would consider themselves an activist and only 22% saying that they would not consider themselves an activist. When asked what issues were important to them, the most frequently cited were Black Lives Matter (75%), human trafficking (68%), sexual assault/harassment/Me Too (66.49%), gun violence (65.82%), women’s rights (65.15%), climate change (55.4%), immigration reform/deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA) (48.8%), and LGBTQ+ rights (47.39%). When the schools were compared, there were only minor differences in social media use with the high school students indicating slightly more use of Tik Tok than the other participants. All groups were virtually equal when it came to how informed they perceived themselves about current events and politics. Consensus among groups existed with respect to how they get their news, and the community college and high school students were slightly more likely to have participated in a march, protest, or rally in the last 12 months than the university students. The community college and high school students were also slightly more likely to consider themselves social activists than the participants from either of the universities. When the importance of the issues was considered, significant differences based on institutional type were noted. Black Lives Matter (BLM) was identified as important by the largest portion of students attending the HBCU followed by the community college students and high school students. Less than half of the students attending the TWI considered BLM an important issue. Human trafficking was cited as important by a higher percentage of students attending the HBCU and urban high school than at the suburban and rural community college or the TWI. Sexual assault was considered important by the majority of students at all the schools with the percentage a bit smaller from the majority serving institution. About two thirds of the students at the high school, community college, and HBCU considered gun violence important versus about half the students at the majority serving institution. Women’s rights were reported as being important by more of the high school and HBCU participants than the community college or TWI. Climate change was considered important by about half the students at all schools with a slightly smaller portion reporting out the HBCU. Immigration reform/DACA was reported as important by half the high school, community college, and HBCU participants with only a third of the students from the majority serving institution citing it as an important issue. With respect to LGBTQ rights approximately half of the high school and community college participants cited it as important, 44.53% of the HBCU students, and only about a quarter of the students attending the majority serving institution. Contribution and Conclusion: This paper provides a timely investigation into the mindset of generation Z students living in the United States during a period of heightened civic unrest. This insight is useful to educators who should be informed about the generation of students that is currently populating higher education. The findings of this study are consistent with public opinion polls by Pew Research Center. According to the findings, the Gen Z students participating in this study are heavy users of multiple social media, expect technology to be integrated into teaching and learning, anticipate a future career where technology will play an important role, informed about current and political events, use social media as their main source for getting news and information, and fairly engaged in social activism. When institutional type was compared the students from the university with the more affluent and less diverse population were less likely to find social justice issues important than the other groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: During disruptive and contentious times, it is negligent to think that the abounding issues plaguing society are not important to our students. Gauging the issues of importance and levels of civic engagement provides us crucial information towards understanding the attitudes of students. Further, knowing how our students gain information, their social media usage, as well as how informed they are about current events and political issues can be used to more effectively communicate and educate. Recommendations for Researchers: As social media continues to proliferate daily life and become a vital means of news and information gathering, additional studies such as the one presented here are needed. Additionally, in other countries facing similarly turbulent times, measuring student interest, awareness, and engagement is highly informative. Impact on Society: During a highly contentious period replete with a large volume of civil unrest and compounded by a global pandemic, understanding the behaviors and attitudes of students can help us as higher education faculty be more attuned when it comes to the design and delivery of curriculum. Future Research This presentation presents preliminary findings. Data is still being collected and much more extensive statistical analyses will be performed.
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Szemlér, Tamás. "The Performance of EU CEE Universities Against the UN Sustainable Development Goals." In 7th FEB International Scientific Conference. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.3.2023.18.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) play an important role in raising societies’ consciousness regarding the sustainability of our planet – a key issue for everyone. The purpose of this paper is to present and assess the performance of universities in EU CEE-11 countries (the 11 Central and Eastern European Member States of the European Union) against the UN SDGs. For this, we analyse the results of EU CEE-11 universities in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings that are available in four editions (for the period 2019-2022). The results of the analysis reflect the still quite modest level of SDG awareness in higher education in the region, but also the progress in this respect (the increasing number of universities participating in the ranking), as well as the differences between the individual countries. Based on these findings, we identify and describe specific proposals for raising SDG awareness and strengthening SDG-related actions in EU CEE universities, contributing also to the strengthening of their reputation in the international higher education community.
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Joseph, Verlin, Deepthi Varma, Xinguang Chen, Roger Fillingim, Diana Wilkie, and Robert Cook. "Marijuana Use Among Persons Living with Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Study." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.27.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chronic pain is presently the most expensive disease condition in the United States; with roughly 1 in 5 Americans currently reporting chronic pain. Traditionally, clinicians and patients have utilized prescription medications to manage chronic pain, however, attitudes towards standardized prescription treatment have waned due to a number of factors including the recent opioid epidemic. Consequently, attitudes towards marijuana use as an alternative pain therapy have continued to grow with 36 states approving use for medical purposes. Clinical trials have reported lower pain severity scores among participants receiving marijuana for pain compared to participants in the control arms. However, little is known regarding the psychological/physiological mechanisms by which marijuana provides relief for chronic pain. Research is also needed to identify how current marijuana users developed optimal patterns (i.e. dose, frequency, and quantity) of use for chronic pain. We sought to address these scientific gaps by conducting semi-structured interviews among community members. Participants (N=13) were eligible for participation if they reported having any pain during the previous 3 months and if they reported past 30-day marijuana use. The interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes following a semi-structured interview guide over Zoom telecommunications. Each interview was subsequently transcribed and then analyzed using Atlas T.I. A summary of each code was developed and key themes regarding marijuana use and pain were summarized. Multiple themes emerged including mechanism of pain relief (physical, mental, or both), patterns of marijuana use for pain relief, other benefits of marijuana use, comparisons to prescription drug use, descriptions of pain, and side effects of marijuana use. Our analysis identified several themes that add to the growing literature concerning marijuana use for chronic pain. These qualitative data indicate current marijuana users’ favorable opinions towards using marijuana as an alternative pain therapy. As legislation legalizing marijuana use for medicinal purposes continues to expand, qualitative studies are needed to examine the extent to which marijuana use is effective in managing pain.
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Matthews, Mark. "The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Site: An International Center of Excellence." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4845.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The United States Department of Energy’s Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO) is responsible for the successful management of transuranic radioactive waste (TRUW) in the United States. TRUW is a long-lived radioactive waste/material. CBFO’s responsibilities includes the operation of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), which is a deep geologic repository for the safe disposal of U.S. defense-related TRUW and is located 42 kilometers (km) east of Carlsbad, New Mexico. WIPP is the only deep-geological disposal site for long-lived radioactive waste that is operating in the world today. CBFO also manages the National Transuranic Waste Program (NTP), which oversees TRU waste management from generation to disposal. As of August 1, 2003, approximately 1890 shipments of waste have been safely transported to the WIPP, which has been operating since March 1999. Surface and subsurface facilities designed to facilitate the safe handling and disposal of TRU waste are located within the WIPP site. The underground waste disposal area is in a bedded salt formation at a depth of 650 meters (m). Approximately 176,000 m3 of TRU waste containing up to 17 kilograms of plutonium will be emplaced in disposal rooms 4 m high, 10 m wide and 91 m long. Magnesium oxide (MgO) backfill will be emplaced with the waste to control the actinide solubility and mobility in the disposal areas. Properties of the repository horizon have been investigated in an underground test facility excavated north of the waste disposal area, and in which seals, rock mechanics, hydrology, and simulated waste emplacement tests were conducted. Thus, in some areas of broad international interest, the CBFO has developed a leading expertise through its 25-years WIPP repository and TRU waste characterization activities. The CBFO’s main programmatic responsibilities during the disposal phase are to operate a safe and efficient TRU waste repository at the WIPP, to operate an effective system for management of TRU waste from generation to disposal, and to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and permits. This responsibility requires maintenance and upgrades to the current technologies for TRU waste operations, monitoring, and transportation. This responsibility also requires the maintenance of scientific capabilities for evaluating the performance of the WIPP repository. Every 5 years, WIPP must be recertified for operations by the regulator, the EPA. Currently, the CBFO is preparing for the 2004 recertification. The CBFO/WIPP has been designated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as an International Center of Excellence. The IAEA is working with CBFO, other designated centers of excellence, and other member states in the IAEA to foster collaborative training activities and experiments in order to address major radioactive waste disposal issues. As the only operating deep radioactive waste repository in the world today, CBFO/WIPP is an important participant in this IAEA initiative. In addition to participating in relevant and beneficial experiments, the CBFO is providing the international community convenient access to information by sponsoring and hosting symposia and workshops on relevant topics and by participation in international waste management organizations and topical meetings. The CBFO has agreed to exchange scientific information with foreign radioactive waste management organizations. These activities result in the cost-effective acquisition of scientific information in support of increased WIPP facility operational and post-closure assurance and reliability. It also demonstrates the CBFO’s intent and resolve to honor international commitments and obligations.
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Schneider, Jerry, Jeffrey Wagner, and Judy Connell. "Restoring Public Trust While Tearing Down Site in Rural Ohio." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7319.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the mid-1980s, the impact of three decades of uranium processing near rural Fernald, Ohio, 18 miles northwest of Cincinnati, became the centre of national public controversy. When a series of incidents at the uranium foundry brought to light the years of contamination to the environment and surrounding farmland communities, local citizens’ groups united and demanded a role in determining the plans for cleaning up the site. One citizens’ group, Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH), formed in 1984 following reports that nearly 300 pounds of enriched uranium oxide had been released from a dust-collector system, and three off-property wells south of the site were contaminated with uranium. For 22 years, FRESH monitored activities at Fernald and participated in the decision-making process with management and regulators. The job of FRESH ended on 19 January this year when the U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson — flanked by local, state, and national elected officials, and citizen-led environmental watchdog groups including FRESH — officially declared the Fernald Site clean of all nuclear contamination and open to public access. It marked the end of a remarkable turnaround in public confidence and trust that had attracted critical reports from around the world: the Cincinnati Enquirer; U.S. national news programs 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, and 48 Hours; worldwide media outlets from the British Broadcasting Company and Canadian Broadcasting Company; Japanese newspapers; and German reporters. When personnel from Fluor arrived in 1992, the management team thought it understood the issues and concerns of each stakeholder group, and was determined to implement the decommissioning scope of work aggressively, confident that stakeholders would agree with its plans. This approach resulted in strained relationships with opinion leaders during the early months of Fluor’s contract. To forge better relationships, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) who owns the site, and Fluor embarked on three new strategies based on engaging citizens and interested stakeholder groups in the decision-making process. The first strategy was opening communication channels with site leadership, technical staff, and regulators. This strategy combined a strong public-information program with two-way communications between management and the community, soliciting and encouraging stakeholder participation early in the decision-making process. Fluor’s public-participation strategy exceeded the “check-the-box” approach common within the nuclear-weapons complex, and set a national standard that stands alone today. The second stakeholder-engagement strategy sprang from mending fences with the regulators and the community. The approach for dispositioning low-level waste was a 25-year plan to ship it off the site. Working with stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to convince the community to accept a plan to safely store waste permanently on site, which would save 15 years of cleanup and millions of dollars in cost. The third strategy addressed the potentially long delays in finalizing remedial action plans due to formal public comment periods and State and Federal regulatory approvals. Working closely with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) and other stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to secure approvals of five Records of Decision on time – a first for the DOE complex. Developing open and honest relationships with union leaders, the workforce, regulators and community groups played a major role in DOE and Fluor cleaning up and closing the site. Using lessons learned at Fernald, DOE was able to resolve challenges at other sites, including worker transition, labour disputes, and damaged relationships with regulators and the community. It took significant time early in the project to convince the workforce that their future lay in cleanup, not in holding out hope for production to resume. It took more time to repair relationships with Ohio regulators and the local community. Developing these relationships over the years required constant, open communications between site decision makers and stakeholders to identify issues and to overcome potential barriers. Fluor’s open public-participation strategy resulted in stakeholder consensus of five remedial-action plans that directed Fernald cleanup. This strategy included establishing a public-participation program that emphasized a shared-decision making process and abandoned the government’s traditional, non-participatory “Decide, Announce, Defend” approach. Fernald’s program became a model within the DOE complex for effective public participation. Fluor led the formation of the first DOE site-specific advisory board dedicated to remediation and closure. The board was successful at building consensus on critical issues affecting long-term site remediation, such as cleanup levels, waste disposal and final land use. Fluor created innovative public outreach tools, such as “Cleanopoly,” based on the Monopoly game, to help illustrate complex concepts, including risk levels, remediation techniques, and associated costs. These innovative tools helped DOE and Fluor gain stakeholder consensus on all cleanup plans. To commemorate the outstanding commitment of Fernald stakeholders to this massive environmental-restoration project, Fluor donated $20,000 to build the Weapons to Wetlands Grove overlooking the former 136-acre production area. The grove contains 24 trees, each dedicated to “[a] leader(s) behind the Fernald cleanup.” Over the years, Fluor, through the Fluor Foundation, also invested in educational and humanitarian projects, contributing nearly $2 million to communities in southwestern Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Further, to help offset the economic impact of the site’s closing to the community, DOE and Fluor promoted economic development in the region by donating excess equipment and property to local schools and townships. This paper discusses the details of the public-involvement program — from inception through maturity — and presents some lessons learned that can be applied to other similar projects.
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Khan, Hikmat, Charles Johnson, Ghulam Rasool, and Nidhal Bouaynaya. "Rotorcraft Flight Information Inference from Cockpit Videos using Deep Learning." In Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14708.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As the premier agency for promoting and insuring aviation safety, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) continues to promote and highlight the importance of participating in aviation Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) programs to improve flight safety and operational efficiency. Indeed, recorder safety is one of the agency's top 10 most wanted list of safety improvements in 2017-2018. The FAA, National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and the United States Helicopter Safety Team (USHST) are strong proponents of recorder use. These organizations and other industry partners are working together toimplementahelicoptersafetyenhancement that promotes the use of flight data recorders as a mechanism to reduce the helicopter fatal accident rate. However, despite these best efforts to reduce the fatal accident rate with this lifesaving technology, barriers to implementation exist. These include initial costs of flight data recorders which can range from 9,000-50,000, on average. These costs can be significant for small operators and they combine to prohibit the widespread adoption of FDM by the rotorcraft community. Thus, rotorcraft, in general, typically have a lower participation rate in FDM programs than other forms of aviation (i.e. commercial fixed-wing or part 121 airline operations). On the other hand, even small helicopter operators often have access to or the financial means to purchase one or more off-the-shelf video cameras, which can be mounted inside the cockpit. These cameras offer an alternative to traditional flight data recorders as well as a means to augment them with supplementary data not always available depending on the type of Flight Data Recorder (FDR) installed in the helicopter. On board video data offers several possibilities for improving safety including flight replay, as well as the ability to extract information from the external scene such as readings of instrument panel gauges. As part of our research approach, we analyzed video data from cameras recording the instrument panel and compared these values against ground truth data from the flight data recorder. These values formed the training dataset for our video analytic framework. To analyze this information, we first cropped the gauge of interest (i.e. airspeed indicator, tachometer, engine oil temperature/pressure) in each frame of every video. The gauge image, extracted from all videos, were subsequently fed to train a deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)using the FDR measurements as ground truth. We trained Resnet50 CNN models for airspeed, engine oil temperature/pressure, and tachometer gauges. These models obtained 78%, 89%, 89%, and 88% validation accuracy on airspeed, engine oil temperature/pressure, and tachometer gauges, respectively. To further demonstrate the feasibility, we used the trained models to retrieve airspeed and engine oil values from the complete flight profile. We observed that the our models predicted trajectories for gauges closely follow the actual sensory values recorded by FDR. Such solution results in an effective flight data analysis tool as well as improved safety and operational efficiency of rotorcraft. These results demonstrate the feasibility of an inexpensive cockpit camera solution that would facilitate participation in FDM programs even for legacy helicopters that may otherwise require significant installation work.
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Kurtz, Jennifer, Keith Wipke, and Sam Sprik. "Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration: Study of Factors Affecting Fuel Cell Degradation." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The 5 year “Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project” (or Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration) was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2004. The purpose of the project is to conduct an integrated field validation that simultaneously examines the performance of fuel cell vehicles and the supporting hydrogen infrastructure. Four industry teams are currently operating more than 92 vehicles and 14 refueling stations throughout the United States. More than 40 additional vehicles and several additional refueling stations will be added to the project through 2009. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), on-road driving and refueling data are analyzed to assess the technology status and progress, as well as to provide feedback to the hydrogen research and development community. A new/updated set of public results, in the form of composite data products (constructed to protect the intellectual property of the four teams), is released twice a year in the spring and fall. In addition to the public results, detailed analyses results are shared with each participating team. One of the analyses studies fuel cell degradation. The study includes following the fuel cell performance degradation trends, e.g. identifying fuel cell stacks that are decaying at a different rate than others of a similar design and in the same fleet, and explores connections between the real world data and fuel cell degradation. This study differs from other degradation studies in a lab setting or at the single cell level because this study uses full scale fuel cell stacks in vehicles with on-road driving and refueling. In the study, researchers investigate degradation factors by applying multivariate analyses for each individual team and for the combination of all four teams. Detailed results are reviewed with the individual teams in an effort to improve each analysis iteration and comprehension of the results. This paper will detail NREL’s study of fuel cell degradation factors by describing the process, reviewing the latest public results, and reporting on any observed dominant factor groups affecting fuel cell degradation.
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Butler, Joel, R. Chivukula, Andre de Gouvea, et al. "Report of the 2021 U.S. Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)." In Snowmass, Seattle, WA (United States), September 2021. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1922503.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Community participation – united states"
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DeMetri, Olga, Samuel Moreno, and Gerardo Funes. Seizing the Market Opportunity of the Growing Latino and Caribbean Community in the United States. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005199.
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This study examines the transformative influence of the rapidly growing Latino and Caribbean community in the United States, both as a demographic and an economic powerhouse. Accounting for nearly one in five U.S. residents, this community is reshaping the nation's social, economic, and cultural landscapes. In 2019 alone, the economic output of Latinos in the U.S. was $2.7 trillion, marking them as a global economic force. The report highlights the community's role in enhancing trade and economic relations with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), including its influence on foreign direct investment (FDI) and diaspora direct investment (DDI). Remittances to LAC countries remain strong, further solidifying economic ties. Culturally and politically, the Latino and Caribbean community is becoming mainstream in the U.S., as evidenced by its growing impact on music, food, and voter participation. The study includes case studies from Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York to underline the community's diverse contributions across various sectors. In summary, the Latino and Caribbean community is not just growing in numbers but is a formidable force that is shaping the U.S. and strengthening its international ties with LAC. This growth presents numerous opportunities for both domestic and international economic and cultural collaborations.
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Crean, Peter. Political Participation and the United States Army Officer Corps. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563669.
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Melekin, Amanuel, Manisha Sengupta, Christine Caffrey, and Christine Caffrey. Residential Care Community Resident Characteristics: United States, 2022. National Center Health Statistics (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc/158327.
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Mulder, R. U., P. E. Benneche, and B. Hosticka. Participation in the United States Department of Energy Reactor Sharing Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5237186.
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Mulder, R. U., P. E. Benneche, and B. Hosticka. Participation in the United States Department of Energy Reactor Sharing Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6769800.
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Black, Lindsey, Emily Terlizzi, and Anjel Vahratian. Organized Sports Participation Among Children Aged 6–17 Years: United States, 2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:119026.
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This report describes national estimates of parent-reported organized sports participation during the past 12 months among children aged 6–17 years, using data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey analyzed by sociodemographic characteristics.
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Caffrey, Christine, Amanuel Melekin, Zhaohui Lu, and ,. Manisha Sengupta. Variation in Residential Care Community Resident Characteristics, by Size of Community: United States, 2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:121910.
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Caffrey, Christine. Data Brief 404, Residential Care Community Resident Characteristics: United States, 2018. National Center for Health Statistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:103826.
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Vieira, Gonçalo, Maria Teresa Cabrita, and Ana David. Portuguese Polar Program: Annual Report 2019. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20200002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This Annual Report of the Portuguese Polar Program, PROPOLAR reports the main activities conducted between August 2018 and December 2019 The PROPOLAR is led by the CEG/IGOT University of Lisbon, under a Coordinating Committee that includes members of other 4 Portuguese research institutions CCMAR University of the Algarve, MARE University of Coimbra, CQE University of Lisbon, and CIIMAR University of Oporto The Program is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia MCTES FCT) as a development of its former Polar Office The activities herein disclosed reflect a very busy and inspiring year The PROPOLAR supported fifteen projects that were successfully carried out in the Arctic and Antarctica Logistics continued to be based on international cooperation and on a Portuguese funded Antarctic flight open to partner programs Logistical support in Antarctica was mainly provided by Spain, Chile and the Republic of Korea, also with strong cooperation in research and facilities with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Peru, Turkey, United States of America and Uruguay Participation in international meetings and workshops, as well as the organisation of a symposium and an international meeting, and the support provided to the Portuguese Conference on Polar Science, fulfilled and enriched this very active period, also helping to reinforce the credibility and relevance of the program in the international polar arena B ringing together all these efforts and resources will surely attract and mobilise more young researchers into a Polar scientific career, thus ensuring the future of the Portuguese Polar science, and that the program will continue to blossom We are confident that the successes that PROPOLAR has had in 2019 will serve as an impetus for our very dynamic and committed community of polar researchers to move forward in in vesting in the future of the Portuguese P olar science and preparing to seize new opportunities
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Burniske, Jessica, Dustin Lewis, and Naz Modirzadeh. Suppressing Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Supporting Principled Humanitarian Action: A Provisional Framework for Analyzing State Practice. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/nrmd2833.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2014, reports suggested that a surge of foreign jihadists were participating in armed conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and elsewhere. The United Nations Security Council responded by imposing in Resolution 2178 (2014) an array of obligations on member states to counter the threat posed by “foreign terrorist fighters” (FTFs). In the intervening year, those states have taken a range of actions — though at various speeds and with varying levels of commitment — to implement the FTF obligations imposed by the Council. Meanwhile, many states continue to fund and otherwise throw their support behind life-saving humanitarian relief for civilians in armed conflicts around the world — including conflicts involving terrorists. Yet, in recent years, members of the humanitarian community have been increasingly aware of the real, perceived, and potential impacts of counterterrorism laws on humanitarian action. Part of their interest stems from the fact that certain counterterrorism laws may, intentionally or unintentionally, adversely affect principled humanitarian action, especially in regions where terrorist groups control territory (and thus access to civilians, too). The effects of these laws may be widespread — ranging from heightened due diligence requirements on humanitarian organizations to restrictions on travel, from greater government scrutiny of national and regional staff of humanitarian organizations to decreased access to financial services and funding. Against that backdrop, this briefing report has two aims: first, to provide a primer on the most salient issues at the intersection of counterterrorism measures and humanitarian aid and assistance, with a focus on the ascendant FTF framing. And second, to put forward, for critical feedback and assessment, a provisional methodology for evaluating the following question: is it feasible to subject two key contemporary wartime concerns — the fight against FTFs and supporting humanitarian aid and assistance for civilians in terrorist-controlled territories — to meaningful empirical analysis?