Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Community development, Urban – Great Britain »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Community development, Urban – Great Britain"
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Grieves, Keith. « Common Meeting Places and the Brightening of Rural Life : Local Debates on Village Halls in Sussex after the First World War ». Rural History 10, no 2 (octobre 1999) : 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001771.
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In the burgeoning literature on war memorials and the commemoration of the war dead in Britain after 1918, the growth of village halls in rural areas has not been extensively analysed. K.S. Inglis has alerted us to the dichotomy of monuments to mourn the dead and amenities to serve the living. He noted that where a preference was made for utility over monumentality, local war memorial committees did not confine their attention to commemorating those who died on active service and made the Great Sacrifice, but also had in mind those who served and returned. The complex locally-determined processes of negotiating ways which would bring solace or comfort to the bereaved, through the creation of an object of mourning, has been examined with great care and detail, but analysis of urban-centred initiatives predominates.Consequently, the linkage which might be made between the experience of war and the participation of ex-servicemen in village war memorial debates, the demise of old elites and the quest for improved social and material conditions in rural areas, the diminishing support for parish churches as the focal point of community life and the emergence of undenominational social centres, all point towards the need for further examination of the proceedings of local committees, where parish records allow. As British participation in the Great War contained the powerful rhetoric of a religious crusade and was not connected to the improvement of social conditions until the publication of war aims in January 1918, many committees gave priority to the creation of sacred objects of mourning, with much use of exhortatory moral language and Christian iconography.
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Joss, Tim. « Community music development in Great Britain ». International Journal of Community Music 3, no 3 (1 novembre 2010) : 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijcm.3.3.321_1.
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Sangster, Marcus. « Urban Fringe Forestry in Great Britain ». Arboriculture & ; Urban Forestry 19, no 1 (1 janvier 1993) : 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.010.
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In England opportunities for urban people to recreate in the nearby countryside are very limited. The current "Community Forestry" initiative provides incentives and support to landowners to encourage increased public access to woodlands and to open the countryside. In the United Kingdom, two government agencies, the Forestry Commission and The Countryside Commission, have targeted 12 areas to renew the urban-fringe landscape. Each area is drawing up plans for integrated landscape management using objective assessment techniques evolved by the two Commissions. Grant aid is available to landowners for management as well as new plantings. Local partnerships have been set up in each area to include landowning and environmental interests plus local governments and local and national volunteer groups.
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Larkham, Peter J. « The study of urban form in Great Britain ». Urban Morphology 10, no 2 (25 mai 2006) : 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v10i2.3930.
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This paper examines the history of the study of urban form in Great Britain, tracing its origins, the development of an ’indigenous’ strand of work, and the introduction of M.R.G. Conzen’s ideas. ’Urban form’ is defined unusually widely, as many disparate strands of work have an influence upon that definition as currently conceived, including the consideration of agents and agency in urban change. Methods and techniques are discussed, from Conzenian plan analysis to computers and fractals. The main disciplinary focus is geographical, but studies from a broad range of other disciplines are also considered.
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McKay, David. « Urban Development and Civic Community : A Comparative Analysis ». British Journal of Political Science 26, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400007390.
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This article attempts to explain why it is that in spite of being exposed to similar economic and social forces, cities in Europe and the United States have followed distinctive patterns of development. In continental Europe core urban areas have remained relatively resilient compared with equivalent areas in Britain and the United States. While economic and demographic factors are important explanatory factors, they cannot account for all of the important differences characteristic of the three urban systems, whether measured in quantitative or qualitative terms. It is argued that Continental cities are better protected because of a long-established elite commitment to specific urban areas which has its roots in the development of the modern state. This commitment is labelled ‘civic community’ which finds political expression through complex representational networks at the local, regional and national levels. In Britain no equivalent networks exist and civic community is low. As a result, elites have little commitment to core urban areas. In the United States, complex representational networks do exist, but they are not linked to a historically established elite commitment to core city areas. Instead, the economic market place determines the fortunes of central cities. It is concluded that these contrasting paths of development place considerable constraints on public policies designed to regenerate central city areas.
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Button, K. J., et K. J. O'Donnell. « The costs of urban bus provision in Great Britain ». Transportation Planning and Technology 10, no 4 (mai 1986) : 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081068608717323.
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Alperytė, Irena, et Margarita Išoraitė. « Developing a City Brand ». Journal of Intercultural Management 11, no 4 (1 décembre 2019) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2019-0022.
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Abstract The article analyses theoretical aspects of a city brand definition, applying cases of various brands of Lithuanian cities. A brand is any sign or symbol which helps to distinguish goods or services for one person from the goods or services of another, and which may be represented graphically. The brand can be a variety of symbols, their combination, and other visual manifestations of information, such as words, names, slogans, letters, numbers, drawings, emblems; or spatial characteristics of the product itself – its image, packaging, shape, color, color combination or a combination of all these. City development usually includes an image dimension. The common ground for this is that a well-known toponym often generates events, investments, etc. Many cities are actively positioning and promoting their strategic intentions. Often times a city brand is associated with its fight for investment, tourist numbers, or successful businesses. Objective: To scrutinize relevant theories applicable to city visual branding; to look through various definitions of the city branding and envisage some advantages and disadvantages they might pose; and to analyze various case studies so that we could summarize the methodologies of why and how we could better position our local products globally. Methodology: The case study methods were used as part of a complex study and combined with in-depth interviews as well as benchmarking methods from various sources. In-depth interview method was used to obtain expert opinions on the subject. The in-depth interview method helped to analyze logo usage, goals, define pros and cons, and evaluate the results of logo design in urban development. This method was chosen to collect detailed and authentic material based on the attitudes and experiences of those involved in such a creative process. Findings: The conclusion was reached that since a place prompts a lot of variables, in the future we need to consider more numerous components, such as population, industries, landscape, economies or history, etc. The hypothesis was confirmed about the variables of the city to be further considered for (re)branding, such as the cost, semantic complexity, societal charge, and the dynamics (changeability, or rigidity). As for the methodologies, we arrived at the conclusion that the best way to create a viable city brand is a collaboration between different stakeholders. Value Added: The article adds to European experts’ suggestion of rethinking the concept of design itself, as until now a one-sided approach to design as a means of schematizing a product has prevailed. This approach, even regulated by Lithuanian law, does not cover the whole process of creating and implementing an idea. “Design is a problem-solving approach that focuses on the user during its development. It can be applied in both the public and private sectors to promote innovation in products, services, processes and even legislation,” says Dr Anna Whicher, expert on design policy and strategy of the European Commission. In other words, design has been increasingly integrated into the science, business, social and service sectors to maximize innovation. As many as 63 percent of Lithuanian businesses do not use design solutions (product design, stylization or business strategy development) at any stage of production. This figure is below the EU average, where almost half of all businesses already integrate design solutions into their operations. Lithuania is also one of the 13 countries in Europe (out of 28) that does not have design policy documents or a community uniting organization, such as design centers in Great Britain, Denmark, Estonia or other countries. The paper invites Lithuania to re-think its design development policies at large, paying attention to urban design solutions in particular. Recommendations: In further research, while selecting potential expert for city logo development, it is recommended that priority should be given to (a) responsible experts in strategic / territorial and national policy making or related activities, (b) experts with knowledge of sustainable development, (c) independent sustainable development analysts / consultants / private and academic or who have implemented specific project-based SDs both nationally and internationally. The stakeholders in this process should be representing: 1) Public Sector, 2) NGOs, 3) Private Sector, 4) Academy and 5) Independent Experts.
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Coid, Jeremy, Min Yang, Peter Tyrer, Amanda Roberts et Simone Ullrich. « Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain ». British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no 5 (mai 2006) : 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.5.423.
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BackgroundEpidemiological data on personality disorders, comorbidity and associated use of services are essential for health service policy.AimsTo measure the prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in a representative community sample.MethodThe Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders was used to measure personality disorder in 626 persons aged 16-74 years in households in England, Scotland and Wales, in atwo-phase survey.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of personality disorder was 4.4% (95% CI 2.9-6.7). Rates were highest among men, separated and unemployed participants in urban locations. High use of healthcare services was confounded by comorbid mental disorder and substance misuse. Cluster B disorders were associated with early institutional care and criminality.ConclusionsPersonality disorder is common in the community especially in urban areas. Services are normally restricted to symptomatic, help-seeking individuals, but a vulnerable group with cluster B disorders can be identified early are in care during childhood and enter the criminal justice system when young. This suggests the need for preventive interventions at the public mental health level.
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Patias, Nikos, Francisco Rowe, Stefano Cavazzi et Dani Arribas-Bel. « Sustainable urban development indicators in Great Britain from 2001 to 2016 ». Landscape and Urban Planning 214 (octobre 2021) : 104148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104148.
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Jones, Ian. « Transport policy and planning Great Britain ». Australian Planner 47, no 3 (septembre 2010) : 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2010.509032.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Community development, Urban – Great Britain"
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Slade, R. D. « Faith and peacebuilding in UK community cohesion since 2001 ». Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/95df9d29-b654-4c08-b3af-70fe5bbdbfdc/1.
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The focus of this study is faith and peacebuilding in UK community cohesion since 2001. The central feature is a presentation of action research findings set in a collaborative relationship between the researcher and an inter-faith community dialogue project established to address divisive right wing extremism in the fieldwork locality of South Yorkshire. A decade of New Labour governance has seen community cohesion policy evolve from initial concerns regarding urban unrest to mainstream strategies targeted on violent religious extremism. Dialogue between ethnically diverse and white mono-cultural communities has been seen as the best way of helping people to get on better with each other. However community cohesion policy can be criticised for a significant failure to address issues of inequality and exclusion that are relevant to inter-community tensions. Since 2001, faith has been an increasingly prominent, albeit ambivalent, presence in UK society. Protagonists, arguing faith should have little or no role in public life, contest bitter disputes with those who perceive that an encroaching tide of secularism is attacking their faith beliefs and identity. Against this background right wing extremists have made astute use of faith identity, embedding their presence in some communities by utilising extremist discourses of Islamophobia that frame Muslims as a threat to the indigenous culture and resources of white communities. However some writers have identified the positive contribution that faith can make to public life. A commitment to social justice and addressing exclusion are examples of the resources faith can bring to addressing societal issues. Peacebuilding methodologies are similarly concerned with such issues. Processes for addressing protracted4 social conflict provide a framework within which faith and secular perspectives can cooperate to address these complex issues. The study’s action research found a strong relationship in the field work locality between electoral support of the extreme right wing BNP party and high levels of deprivation in white mono-cultural communities. Anger and resentment arising from industrial conflict and decline, and perceptions of being ignored by mainstream political parties, have been exploited by the BNP, opening a portal to hostile discourses of racism and Islamophobia. However the study’s research found that faith and faith values can bring rich and positive resources to inter-faith activity that aims to challenge divisive extremism that targets ethnic minority communities in general and Muslims in particular. In such circumstances it is usual practice to reduce hostile perceptions by arranging programmes of community interaction. However this study found that in communities where this strategy is not feasible, implementation of an intra-community dialogue framework may be effective in reducing hostile prejudice and stereotyping on which extremism feeds.
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Nair, Gwyneth. « Highley : the development of a community, 1550-1880 ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5377/.
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Ryder, Rebekah. « A part of community or apart from community ? : young people's geographies in mixed community developments ». Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8880/.
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Kark, Daniel History & Philosophy Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. « Equivocal empire : British community development in Central Africa, 1945-55 ». Publisher:University of New South Wales. History & ; Philosophy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41225.
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This thesis resituates the Community Development programme as the key social intervention attempted by the British Colonial Office in Africa in the late 1940s and early 1950s. A preference for planning, growing confidence in metropolitan intervention, and the gradualist determination of Fabian socialist politicians and experts resulted in a programme that stressed modernity, progressive individualism, initiative, cooperative communities and a new type of responsible citizenship. Eventual self-rule would be well-served by this new contract between colonial administrations and African citizens. The thesis focuses on the implementation of the Mass Education programme in Nyasaland, and, more specifically, on a small but significant Mass Education scheme at Domasi, that operated between 1949 and 1954 in Nyasaland??s south. The political and social context in which the Mass Education scheme was implemented in Nyasaland is important. The approach taken by the government of the Protectorate before the mid-1940s is discussed, and previous welfare interventions described and critically assessed. The initial approach to Mass Education in Nyasaland is also dwelt upon in some detail. The narrative concentrates upon the scheme itself. Three themes emerge and are discussed successively ?? the provision of social services adapted to the perceived needs of Africans, the enforcement of environmental restrictions and inappropriate social and agricultural models, and the attempted introduction of representative local government. All three interventions were intended to promote the precepts of Mass Education, but instead resulted in the extension of state administrative power. The manner in which this occurred is explored throughout the thesis. Mass Education at Domasi did not result in the creation of a new form of citizenship in Nyasaland. It contributed instead to a breakdown in the narrative of social development and eventual self-rule that had legitimised British rule. The riots that occurred in 1953 tore at the precepts that underpinned the Mass Education programme. The immediacy of self-rule and independence resulted in a shift in emphasis within the Colonial Office and the colonial government in Nyasaland from social intervention and to constitutional reform and political development. There simultaneously emerged a new rural transcript, one that privileged open opposition to the colonial social prescription over subtle and hidden rural resistance. At a time when nationalist politics was in disarray in Nyasaland, rural Africans spoke back to colonial power.
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Coombs, Crispin. « A study of the factors influencing the successful development, implementation and operation of Community Information Systems in the NHS ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/1148.
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The factors that influence the ultimate level of success or failure of systems development projects have received considerable attention in the academic literature. Two particularly significant areas of interest have been the importance of applying best practice during systems development and the need to explicitly consider organisational issues to ensure a positive organisational impact. However, despite the existence of a well developed best practice literature and an emergent organisational issues literature, many projects still fail. The record of the NHS has been particularly poor in terms of the successful development and implementation of information systems and it was thought that this area would provide a fertile domain for information system research. Whilst the use of information systems in community healthcare has increased greatly over the last ten years the majority of existing research has been conducted in acute hospital environments with little attention devoted to the community sector. Consequently, this research project has two main aims: To identify the key best practice variables and areas of organisational impact associated with the development, implementation and use of a Community Information System (CIS) in National Health Service Trusts; and to examine the relationships between these two sets of variables and the system's resultant level of effectiveness. This research project has a number of positive methodological attributes in that it studies a homogenous organisational sector using a common type of information system and so minimises the potentially confounding influences of sector and system. In addition, the research design involves a three stage approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The research project has produced several key findings. A positive relationship was identified between the adoption of best practice and system effectiveness and similarly, there was a positive relationship between the level of organisational impact and system effectiveness. In order to ensure a positive organisational impact it was found that the successful treatment of key organisational issues is required. In addition, two new variables have been identified, user ownership and positive user attitudes, that play an important mediating role in ensuring system effectiveness. Finally, it was also recognised that the adoption of best practice variables had a dual role, directly influencing the level of perceived system effectiveness but also as a method of effectively managing organisational issues, user ownership and user attitudes. In summary, this study has emphasised the importance of adopting best practice and assessing and managing organisational impact during a community information system development project to ensure system success. These results will be of particular interest to practising IM&T Managers in the NHS and to the wider academic community. A series of practical recommendations are presented at the end of the thesis.
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Koch, Insa Lee. « Personalising the state : law, social welfare and politics on an English council estate ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4335c11c-c0a5-44dc-bd15-5bbbfe2fee6c.
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This dissertation offers a study of everyday relations between residents and the state on a post-industrial council estate in England. Drawing upon historical and ethnographic data, it analyses how, often under conditions of sustained exclusion, residents rely upon the state in their daily struggles for security and survival. My central ethnographic finding is that residents personalise the state alongside informal networks of support and care into a local sociality of reciprocity. This finding can be broken into three interconnected points. First, I argue that the reciprocal contract between citizens and the state emerged in the post-war years when the residents on the newly built estates negotiated their dependence upon the state by integrating it into their on-going social relations. A climate of relative material affluence, selective housing policies, and a paternalistic regime of housing management all created conditions which were conducive for this temporary union between residents and the state. Second, however, I argue that with the decline of industry and shifts towards neoliberal policies, residents increasingly struggle to hold the state accountable to its reciprocal obligations towards local people. This becomes manifest today both in the material neglect of council estates as well as in state officials' reluctance to become implicated in social relations with and between residents. Third, I argue that this failure on the part of the state to attend to residents' demands often has onerous effects on people's lives. It not only exacerbates residents' exposure to insecurity and threat, but is also experienced as a moral affront which generates larger narratives of abandonment and betrayal. Theoretically, this dissertation critically discusses and challenges contrasting portrayals of the state, and of state-citizen relations, in two bodies of literature. On the one hand, in much of the sociological and anthropological literature on working class communities, authors have adopted a community-centred approach which has depicted working class communities as self-contained entities against which the state emerges as a distant or hostile entity. I argue that such a portrayal is premised upon a romanticised view of working class communities which neglects the intimate presence of the state in everyday life. On the other hand, the theoretical literature on the British state has adopted a state-centred perspective which has seen the state as a renewed source of order and authority in disintegrating communities today. My suggestion is that this portrayal rests upon a pathologising view of social decline which fails to account for the persistence of informal social relations and the challenges that these pose to the state's authority from below. Finally, moving beyond the community-centred and state-centred perspectives, I argue for the need to adopt a middle ground which combines an understanding of the nature and workings of informal relations with an acknowledgement of the ubiquity of the state. Such an approach allows us to recognise that, far from being a hostile entity or, alternatively, an uncontested source of order, the state occupies shifting positions within an overarching sociality of reciprocity and its associated demands for alliances and divisions. I refer to such an approach as the personalisation of the state.
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TOFARIDES, Maria. « The multi-level gatekeeper system : the case of the European Union's urban policy 'experiment' ». Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5407.
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Defence date: 2 June 2000Examining Board: Prof. Colin Crouch (EUI- co-supervisor) ; Prof. Michael Keating (EUI) ; Prof. Howard Machin (London School of Economics and Political Science) ; Prof. Yves Mény (EUI - supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Zoubková, Věra Thea. « Europeizace politiky urbánního rozvoje. Komparativní případová studie : Velká Británie a Německo ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344165.
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Věra Thea Zoubková Europeanization of Urban Development Policy Comparative Case Study: UK and Germany Diploma Thesis Abstract This thesis deals with the vertical (top-down, bottom up) and horizontal Europeanization of urban development policy. Involvement in EU-sponsored programmes has provided urban institutions with unprecedented access to new sources of information, legitimacy, and financial support. This thesis seeks to evaluate whether European working has provoked shifts in the institutionalised norms and values at the national and city level, focusing on the experience of Great Britain and Germany. The legacy of the Bristol Accord and the Leipzig Charter, two examples of the uploading of national policy, is then examined. It can be argued that by drawing closely on domestic policy agenda, as well as wide ranging-nature of the agenda, little has resulted from the UK's contribution to the emerging EU urban agenda. This contrasts with the more sustained legacy of the Leipzig Charter. And third, the involvement of British and German cities, as well as impact of their participation in European urban cooperation programs is examined and evaluated. It is argued that previous experiences with the programs facilitate joining in other EU projects of city cooperation.
Livres sur le sujet "Community development, Urban – Great Britain"
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Urban planning and the development process. London : UCL Press, 1994.
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A, Hausner Victor, dir. Critical issues in urban economic development. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1986.
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Mike, Raco, et Imrie Robert 1958-, dir. Urban renaissance ? : New Labour, community and urban policy. Bristol : Policy Press, 2003.
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Graham, Haughton, et Regional Studies Association (London, England), dir. Community economic development. London : Stationery Office, 1999.
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Albrand, Martha. City for the 21st Century : Globalisation, Planning and Urban Change in Contemporary Britain. UK : Policy Press, 1997.
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Housing, 'race' & community cohesion. Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
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1959-, Lenton Pamela, dir. Poverty in the inner city : Overcoming financial exclusion. New York : Routledge, 2011.
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Rowland, Atkinson, Helms Gesa et University of Glasgow. Dept. of Urban Studies., dir. Securing an urban renaissance : Crime, community, and British urban policy. Brisol, UK : Policy Press, 2007.
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Great Britain. Inner Cities Directorate. et JURUE, dir. Evaluation of environmental projects funded under the urban programme. London : H.M.S.O., 1986.
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Searching for community : Representation, power and action on an urban estate. Bristol, UK : Policy Press, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Community development, Urban – Great Britain"
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Higgins, Benjamin, et Donald J. Savoie. « Great Britain and the European Community ». Dans Regional Development Theories & ; Their Application, 253–70. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315128269-16.
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Saville, John. « The British State, the Business Community and the Trade Unions ». Dans The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880–1914, 315–24. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315212296-19.
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« Urban and Community Fisheries Programs : Development, Management, and Evaluation ». Dans Urban and Community Fisheries Programs : Development, Management, and Evaluation, sous la direction de Shann Paul Jones. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874042.ch27.
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<em>Abstract.-</em>I noticed vast variations in North American angler education curricula as I developed my own collegiate program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). Therefore I asked, “Am I teaching adults the angling topics they want or think they should learn in the postsecondary environment?” To help answer this question, I distributed a comprehensive questionnaire to the general public gauging their educational wants and requirements. By analyzing the surveys’ results, I created a science-based angler education workshop that included these components. Subsequent to the success of this class, I added more science into the classes I taught for the UAF-Tanana Valley Campus Academic Programs department. To gauge whether or not my course offerings met my students’ expectations, pre- and postcourse surveys were distributed, filled out by class participants, and analyzed from Fall 2005 through Summer 2007. Overall, nearly 93% of survey respondents indicated they would be interested in a fly-fishing class if offered within 30 mi of their home. After workshops, participants showed great improvements in their knowledge of Alaska’s fish species, aquatic insects, aquatic ecology, and fly-casting skills.
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Mayo, Marjorie. « Community responses to displacement as a result of (re)development ». Dans Changing Communities. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447329312.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses upon community responses to dispossession and displacement as a result of (re)development. Having summarised varying definitions and approaches the chapter moves on to explore case studies from different international contexts. There have been powerful illustrations of community resistance to displacement as a result of the Narmada big dam project in India, for example, as well as illustrations of alternative approaches in other Indian contexts. Brazil has provided its own examples of community based alternatives, including those developed by displaced peoples, the Landless People’s Movement. And there have been illustrations of community based resistance to displacement/ social cleansing as a result of urban redevelopment processes in contemporary Britain.
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Davies, Tom Adam. « Community Development Corporations, Black Capitalism, and the Mainstreaming of Black Power ». Dans Mainstreaming Black Power. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520292109.003.0003.
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This chapter explains how Kennedy's Community Development Corporation (CDC) program and Nixon's black capitalism initiatives evolved out of the apparent failures and limitations of the War on Poverty and looked to confront the deepening urban crisis, the growth of black radicalism, and increasing white hostility to the racial politics of Great Society liberalism. After examining the rationale and assumptions that guided this shift in policy, the chapter explores how inner-city African Americans engaged with the opportunities it presented. Focusing first on the Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation (BSRC), the nation's first CDC, and then on a number of similar black-controlled organizations in New York and Los Angeles, this chapter shows how Black Power ideology shaped the institution-building and community development efforts of those organizations, as they used programs to foster racial pride and unity, celebrate black history and culture, and promote greater community self-determination.
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Huggins, Robert, et Piers Thompson. « The Psychocultural Life of Cities and Regions ». Dans A Behavioural Theory of Economic Development, 35–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.003.0003.
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This chapter seeks to explore the role of culture in relation to economic development in a place-based context, and secondly to examine the adoption of a more holistic perspective of behaviour at the regional and local level that considers specific configurations of human behaviour, which in combination influence the outputs attained. In particular, it combines theories of socio-spatial community culture and personality psychology into a holistic, spatially oriented perspective in order to identify distinct psychocultural behavioural profiles, drawing on an empirical example of regions and localities across Great Britain. This psychocultural behavioural approach is based on the interaction between the community culture apparent in these localities, which generates the social norms that influence the behaviour of individuals, and the personality traits of individuals located in these places.
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Mandrysz, Witold, Marek Perlinski et Lars Evertsson. « Challenges of municipal community work ». Dans Social and Caring Professions in European Welfare States. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327196.003.0012.
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This chapter focuses on the pros and cons of involving professional social workers, employed in municipal social services, as animators of local community organising projects in urban, socially and economically degraded residential areas. Such projects aim at the active inclusion of inhabitants in improving their own situation and to promote social development. Local authorities can face great difficulties when using their own staff as the driving force of local community organising. The main difficulty is that many inhabitants have a negative attitude towards welfare institutions and frequently refuse to cooperate. The fact that the social workers are animating the project work for the local authority complicates the situation.
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Termeer, Marleen. « The Political Culture of Coinage ». Dans A Community in Transition, 86—C4.P126. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655245.003.0004.
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Abstract The introduction of the denarius system during the Second Punic War represents a major step in the monetization of the Roman world. The following century saw a great influx of wealth and growth of the urban population on the Italian peninsula. This chapter analyzes how the introduction of the denarius system and its subsequent development reflect and constitute important developments in Rome’s political culture, focusing on two main changes: the introduction of the denarius system itself, and the appearance of private denarius types in the 130s, which was accompanied by a decrease in bronze coinage production. Two main questions are investigated. First, what do the coins tell us about political decision-making processes, and the way coinage helped to define the res publica? Second, who was the audience for the messages on the coins, and how do they relate to the Roman political body? The introduction of a fixed “state emblem” on the denarius coinage was an innovative move away from previous coin-producing practices, and can be read in relation to the conscious development of a Roman civic identity. The change to private types implies a decrease in the importance of Roman civic identity as communicated on coins, and more attention for the families and individuals that constitute Rome as a political entity. This change was restricted to silver coins, however. The bronze coins tell a different story: the Roman types stay the same, but production decreases, while a variety of local productions on the Italian peninsula are widely used.
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Eatmon, Thomas D., Zachary A. Piso et Elyse Schmitt. « Perception is Reality ». Dans Cases on the Diffusion and Adoption of Sustainable Development Practices, 195–222. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2842-7.ch008.
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Despite the cold weather climate conditions of the Great Lakes region, an increasing number of organizations are growing local food on a year round basis. The utilization of commercial aquaponics has allowed these organizations to grow both fish and produce indoors while creating new jobs and community development opportunities. Research has shown that there are significant challenges to maintaining profitable commercial aquaponics ventures in temperate climates; however, the popularity of the technology in urban agriculture seems to be increasing. In this chapter, the authors use diffusion of innovation theory to explain the adoption of this sustainable development innovation in the face of financial challenges. They find that the perception of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability may be explanatory factors in the adoption of commercial aquaponics in the face of financial challenge.
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Jones, Paul A., et Michelle Howlin. « Community finance : the emergence of credit unions in London ». Dans Austerity, Community Action, and the Future of Citizenship. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447331032.003.0006.
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Inspired by a strong sense of social mission, credit unions in London, as elsewhere in Great Britain, have a long commitment to serving people on low-incomes. Recognised by the UK Government as key players in providing financial services to those marginalised by mainstream financial providers, credit unions have received significant political support and public financial investment to expand their services in low-income communities. This has been particularly important in times of austerity and hardship and of change to the welfare benefits systems. This chapter focuses on the historic development of credit unions in London, and explores how they have endeavoured to resolve the tension inherent in remaining true to their social and co-operative values and at the same time in ensuring their economic stability and independence. It discusses the background of credit unions in the capital, the challenges they have faced over the years and how they are endeavouring to reform as professional financial co-operatives serving a wide and diverse membership. East London Credit Union (ELCU) was founded by local volunteers inspired and motivated by their Christian faith to make a difference in the local community. The chapter reflects on ELCU’s mission and social commitment to assist people through hard times and the way in which has endeavoured to tackle austerity through business success.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Community development, Urban – Great Britain"
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Deltoro, Julia, Carmen Blasco Sánchez et Francisco Martínez Pérez. « Evolution of the Urban Form in the British New Towns ». Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6484.
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Even if the urban experience of the British New Towns, created after the New Towns Act of 1945 as a solution to the problems derived from the superpopulation of great cities such as London, is already far in time it can still offer us some lessons. Lessons which could help us when intervening in current process of development and transformation of the urban form. This article analyses these experiences from its morphology, studying their formal characteristics and the organization of the several uses of the city, as well as the diachronic evolution of their criteria of spatial composition. The First New Towns mainly followed the characteristics stated in the Reith Report [HMSO, 1946 a] and the consequent New Towns Act [HMSO, 1946 b], which defined the scale of the new cities, their uses and zoning, location, areas, distances, social structure or landscape among other. Their urban forms evolved with time and were the result of many strategic and design decisions taken which determined and transformed their spatial and physical profiles. According to the Town and Country Planning Association [TCPA, 2014] New Towns can be classified in three Marks as for their chronology and the laws that helped to create them. But if we focus in their urban form, we can find another classification by Ali Madani-Pour, [1993] who divides them into four design phases, which give answer to different social needs and mobility. The analysis of the essential characteristics and strategies of each of the phases of the New Towns, applied to the configuration of the urban form of some of the New Towns, the ones which gather better the approach in each of the phases, will allow us to make a propositional diagnose of their different forms of development, the advances and setbacks; a comparative analysis of different aspects such as mobility and zoning, local and territorial relations, structure or composition. The conclusions of the article pretend to recognize the contributions, which come from their urban form and have them as a reference for new urban interventions in the current context, with new challenges to be faced from the integral definition of the city. References DCLG. (2006). Transferable Lessons from the New Towns. (http://www.futurecommunities.net/files/images/Transferable_lessons_from_new_towns_0.pdf.) Accessed: 14 january 2015. Gaborit, P. (2010). European New Towns: Image, Identities, Future Perspectives. (PIE-Peter Lang SA., Brussels) HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Committee. (1946 a). Final Report of the New Towns Committee. London HMSO. Great Britain. New Towns Act. (1946 b). London Madani-Pour, Ali. (1993). `Urban Design in the British New Towns´. Open House International, vol. 18. TCPA. (2014). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 1: An Introduction to the UK’s New Towns and Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=1bcdbbe3-f4c9-49b4-892e-2d85b5be6b87). TCPA. (2015). New Towns and Garden Cities – Lessons for Tomorrow. Stage 2: Lessons for Delivering a New Generation of Garden Cities. (Town and Country Planning Association, London) Accessed: 15 december 2016. (https://www.tcpa.org.uk/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=62a09e12-6a24-4de3-973f-f4062e561e0a)
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MALIENE, Vida, et Ruta DICIUNAITE-RAUKTIENE. « FACTORS INFLUENCING CITIES PEDESTRIAN STREET FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.052.
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The public space encourages social exchange, develops and maintains social groups and allows the exchange of public messages. When the public space and public life are not supported in the community, there is no one to communicate with, people become isolated, less inclined to help or support each other. Public space is the scene of public life that promotes a sense of community, sense of place, human connection and communication as well as dependence sensation. High-quality and well-managed public space is a benefit to the city's economy, creating shelter from the car-centred life and move to a more natural environment as well as significant urban land use. Therefore, in recent times, in order to establish the right conditions in cities for different human needs, great attention is paid not only to the development of physical infrastructure, but also to other aspects that will help to create sustainable balance of social, economic and environmental aspects. One of the quality of life in the city return ways is the release of urban spaces for pedestrians. Until these days the pedestrian zones are extended little by little, resulting in disposal of the car parking-lots and improved cycling and other transport facilities. Sustainable use of urban pedestrian zones would provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits only if these aspects are combined with each other. The aim of the article is to distinguish and critically analyse (on the basis of a literature review) factors influencing the functionality and sustainable development of pedestrian streets. Article object – cities pedestrian street. The study was conducted using scientific publishing content analysis and synthesis techniques. This article is an overview.
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ZHAO, ZI-XUAN, YAN-RONG LUO, HAN-BING ZHAO, HAN ZHAO, YONG-GUI LIU, TING MEI et MIAO-JING LI. « RESEARCH ON EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES BASED ON CR THEORY ». Dans 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35686.
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In recent years, public health emergencies occur frequently, which pose a great threat to human life and health as well as social and economic development. As the basic unit of modern urban public governance system, community is located in the forefront of social disaster risk resistance, and is the cornerstone of social disaster management. Strengthening the capacity building of community emergency management and cultivating community resilience to disasters have become the priority areas of emergency management research and practice all over the world. In this paper, based on the resilience theory of community public health emergencies to deal with nearly 20 years of domestic and foreign research to sort out the formation of a review, in order to provide theoretical reference in this field.
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Wei, Xia, Wojciech Bonenberg, Mo Zhou et Jinzhong Wang. « Sustainable Design of Commercial and Residential Complexes - An Example of Wantun Community Project ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002326.
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High-rise commercial and residential buildings are a type of building that has been developing rapidly in urban centers in recent years. With the continuous development of urbanization, it has an increasing impact on the sustainable development of the human living environment, and the study of the sustainable design of such high-rise commercial and residential buildings is a matter of great urgency. Human society has entered the ecological era, and all aspects of the social economy are increasingly labeled as eco-friendly and sustainable in the development process. High-rise commercial and residential buildings, because of their comprehensive functions, are bound to bring the defects of high energy consumption and high pollution. Therefore, the design of high-rise commercial and residential buildings should be based on the principle of sustainable design, scientific and reasonable planning of the building plan, and the implementation of high utilization rate of building functions to ensure that the building can comply with the principles of ecological and environmental protection and sustainable development, which is the development trend of high-rise commercial and residential building planning and architectural design at present and for a long time in the future. This paper analyzes the necessity of sustainable design for commercial and residential complexes in modern cities, and examines the sustainable design of high-rise commercial and residential complexes in detail in terms of the plan layout of building units and traffic organization design, taking into account the design practice of the Wantun community.
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Alatli, H. Ilke, et Demet Ulusoy Binan. « The Role of University in Local Cultural Development Through Vernacular Architectural Conservation Education : The Case of Havran, Turkey ». Dans HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage : Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15615.
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Since the beginning of 20th century, vernacular settlements are under severe threats of losing authen-ticity and ruin due to changes in human lifestyles, forms of production and worldwide economic devel-opments. Especially in small rural towns, lack of care and abandonment related to loss of young popu-lation is causing rapid deterioration of the vernacular heritage. In such towns, safeguarding is possible through initiatives of local authorities. However, as visionary as the authorities may be, knowledge on sustainable conservation of vernacular architecture is a very specific topic of expertise. At this point, the academic knowledge and experience of universities take on a new significance. Furthermore, col-laboration between academia and local authorities carry great potential for each party. A similar cooperation between Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University and the Local Municipality of Havran, which was inscribed as an urban protected area in the national register in 1995, started with a protocol signed in November 2011. Between 2012 and 2019, extensive surveys were carried out in urban protect-ed area and restoration projects of over 30 traditional buildings were completed by the graduate stu-dents. Some of these buildings are approved by the local council for the conservation of cultural prop-erty and one of which was restored to be used as a town and memory museum. The aim of this study is to discuss the outcome of experiences acquired from the collaboration between universities and local authorities in the past 10 years. Moreover, mutual benefit of interaction between academia, local community, and the municipality will be emphasized. The cultural heritage preserva-tion activities in Havran have an impact on local cultural development in terms of safeguarding the architectural heritage and creating awareness in the community, as well as making a significant contri-bution to the vernacular heritage conservation education.
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Novelli, Francesco. « Castle Garth in Newcastle (UK) : processes of transformation, integration and discharge of a fortified complex in an urban context ». Dans FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia : Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11548.
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Castle Garth is the name of the fortified area once enclosed within the castle walls. In the fifteenth century Newcastle became a county in its own right, however, the Garth, being within the castle walls, remained part of the County of Northumberland. The Great Hall, a building separate from the Castle Fortress (the “Keep”), which in later years became known as the “Old Moot Hall”, was used by courts that sat at regular intervals in every county of England and Wales. The Fortress then became a prison for the County and was used as such until the early nineteenth century. Beginning in the fifteenth century, unlicensed traders, taking advantage of the fact that the city authorities had no jurisdiction over the Garth area, settled there with their commercial activities. From the time of Charles II (1630-1685), the area then became famous for its tailors and shoemakers, who grew particularly abundantly on the path known as “Castle Stairs”. In 1619 the fortified complex was rented by James I to the courtier Alexander Stephenson, who allowed the civilian houses to be built inside the castle walls. After the civil war, new houses were added until, towards the end of the eighteenth century, Castle Garth had become a distinct and densely populated community, with a theater, public houses and lodgings. The main urban transformations were started in the early nineteenth century with the construction of the new Moot Hall called County Court. From 1847 to 1849 the fortified enclosure was partially compromised by further intersections with the infrastructure for the construction of the railway viaduct, thus interrupting direct access from the Castle guarding the Black Gate. Despite the development of the contemporary city has affected the preservation of the ancient fortified palimpsest, a strong consolidated link is still maintained by the sedimentation of values of material and immaterial culture. The proposed contribution intends to present this process of integration between fortified structure and city highlighting today the state of the art, the conservation, restoration and enhancement initiatives undertaken in the last forty years.
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Palmu, P. Marjatta, et Torsten L. Eng. « Towards an “Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform” in Europe ». Dans ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16365.
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Several European waste management organizations have started the work on creating a technology platform to accelerate the implementation of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in Europe. There is an increasing consensus in the international community [1] about geological disposal as the preferred option for solving the long-term management of spent fuel, high-level waste, and other long-lived radioactive wastes. At the same time, the European citizens [2] have a widespread wish for a solution for high-level radioactive waste disposal. A majority of the European countries with nuclear power have active waste management programmes, but the current status and the main challenges of those programmes vary. The most advanced waste management programmes in Europe (i.e. Sweden, Finland and France) are prepared to start the licensing process of deep geological disposal facilities within the next decade. Despite the differences between the timing and the challenges of the different programmes, there is a joint awareness that cooperation on the scientific, technical, and social challenges related to geological disposal is needed, and the cooperation will be beneficial for the timely and safe implementation of the first geological disposal facilities. Such a demonstration of a viable solution for the management of high-level radioactive waste will enhance stakeholder confidence in Europe. Several decades of research, development and demonstration (RD&D) have been carried out in the field of geological disposal. International opportunities of cooperation and establishing a technology platform were explored in the European Commission co-funded projects like Net.Excel [3] and CARD [4]. According to the CARD project, the majority of the funding for RD&D in waste management comes from the implementing organizations. It is envisaged that a technology platform would enhance European cooperation in this area. The platform intends to constitute a tool for reducing overlapping work, to produce savings in total costs of research and implementation, and to make better use of existing competence and research infrastructures. After the final workshop of the CARD project in 2008, SKB (Sweden) and Posiva (Finland) were committed to lead the preparation work to set-up the Implementing Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste Technology Platform (IGD-TP). Other implementers from France, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain, Spain, and Belgium joined en suite. A Vision Document for the IGD-TP is about to be finalized after a wider consultation was carried out in July 2009. The final Vision Document and the platform are launched during November 2009. Simultaneously, the preparation of the Strategic Research Agenda for the technology platform’s joint work starts.
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Richardson, Joy, Jisun Kim, Henrietta Howarth et John Preston. « The Iconography of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) - A Focus Group Study ». Dans Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002885.
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Mobility as a Service (MaaS) smartphone applications (apps) are designed to allow users to plan, book, pay for and navigate journeys across a range of travel modes including own or shared car, active travel (walking, running and cycling), micromobility (e-scooters and e-bikes) and public transport. By giving the user trip-specific information about each mode it is hoped MaaS may provide a solution to increasing the use of sustainable travel options whilst encouraging active travel, thereby reducing car use. MaaS apps are being adopted to help develop healthy, liveable urban spaces worldwide.Typically in app design, due to the limited screen size of a mobile phone, icons are frequently used to depict physical artefacts such a vehicle types and items in the real-world environment but also to convey the non-physical such as instructions and waiting times. Icons are used for these purposes as they take up less space than text and should be able to be universally understood. In order to make MaaS accessible to all members of the community icons need to be easily interpreted without the need for prior knowledge or learning. As these apps are being developed concurrently by both commercial and public organisations in many countries it is becoming clear that the icons used within the interface by developers vary a great deal. Yet it is not clear which of the icons are most effective in conveying specific meanings. In order to determine which icons should be used in a new MaaS app currently in development six focus groups were held in which members of the public were asked to comment on a variety of icons from three MaaS apps. 22 participants were recruited of which 14 were women and 8 men. This followed a model which had been previously used in the icon design in interfaces for automated driving. The participants considered the icons out of context individually in workbooks and then in context as a group, explaining what they thought the meaning was, based on form, interpretations based on colour and the ability to be understood by a diverse population. Finally, in a group discussion, participants compared icons from each of the different apps that were intended to have similar meanings. This was in order to understand which elements they liked, disliked and their preferred choice of icon. The participant’s comments were thematically analysed and commonly occurring design aspects were identified. These included confusion arising from the use of almost identical icons representing different artefacts across different apps, for example a bus representing a vehicle in some apps and a bus stop in others. Findings suggested concepts such as multi-modal travel or all public transport were considered hard to represent graphically and needed text labels. The most commonly discussed topic related to the use of colour. Discussions indicated lessons learnt by the participants from other domains were applied to the icons in the MaaS app. This meant the use of colour was imbued with meaning even where none was intended, particularly the use of red where it was frequently interpreted this meant that there were problems with those services such as delays or cancellations. Results of this study were used to develop a set of design guidelines for future icon design within MaaS Apps.