Thèses sur le sujet « Communication – éthique »
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Jasmin, Jean-Christophe. « Communication et Éthique chez Kierkegaard ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28708.
Texte intégralKrol, Anna. « La dimension éthique de la communication langagière : tentative de construction d'un modèle éthique de la communication ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAP001/document.
Texte intégralThe problematic of my research concerns language - in particular, human communication in the interdisciplinary perspective. My research is based on philosophy (philosophy of language, ethics), sociology (Goffman, Mead), psychology (Piaget, Kohlberg, Watzlawick), sociolinguistics, linguistics (Jakobson, Buhler) Craig, McQuail) neuroethics (Patricia Churchland, Martha J. Farah). This disciplinary "mosaic" aims to study the complexity of interpersonal communication from several points of view in order to determine its "technically" constitutive elements. This will help establish a group of factors that play an important role in shaping the ethics of communication
Lassarade, Carine. « Le discours éthique de l'entreprise : vers une éthique de la communication en entreprise ». Bordeaux 3, 2004. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2005BOR30029.
Texte intégralThis thesis is a problematical for ethics. Whilst wanting to determine the concept of corporate social responsibility, we linked the fields of sociology, linguistics, philosophy, and communications with the fields of applications-namely, a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, with the aim of validating the following postulation: that the new citizenship is based on the abandonment of a mythical communication leading to an ethical communication which calls for a change in its relationship to responsibility, development and science. Our quantitative investigation proposes, with a selection of companies in Aquitaine, to account for their design of ethics through their practical application of concepts such as that of sustainable development or fair trade. A qualitative body of press articles supplements our analysis. In a society which defines performance as a central value, does the pragmatic framework of values which aims at replacing the constraint, fulfil the same function? Does "Ethics" per se not become a new categorical imperative with political and economic views, bringing a new response to risk and creates a sense of progress in a company which considers, for the time being, that the only possible attitude of precaution will guarantee it? Up to what point could freedom of expression versus freedom of reception see the emergence of a new form of responsibility from the new rules of rhetoric? We conclude that this ethical communication is now assimilated to an exercise of argumentative style where the consensus becomes an ideal of communication -even a myth
Bourgeois, Denis. « Fictions éclatées : littérature et éthique ». Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080962.
Texte intégralThis work is a contribution to the elaboration of a contemporary aesthetical theory, refering to the primacy of hallucination (stemming from the psychoanalytic field. ) the example of ethical claiming in literature in the xxth century, such as it shows in hermann broch and jean-paul sartre, is a fruitful example of insoluble problems coming up in classical aesthetic theory stemming from the philosophical ideal. All the more since literary research at that time, that is in the first half of the xxth century, owing to its extremism, such as for instance kafka, joyce, celine carry it out, demolishes these aesthetico-metaphysical limits. Thus has this work, in a first part, unfolded ethical claiming in literature and there recognized a consequence of the question of meaning ; it has then tried to delimit, in a second part, this new postflaubertian literary practice, born at the turn of the century, and studied its implications ; so as to rethink, in a third part, the bond of the human element to reality, to the world and to others, refering to the consequences of this radical artistic practice
Goffi, Jean-Yves. « Esquisses d'une éthique pour la société technologique ». Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100166.
Texte intégralAccording to some philosophers, modern technologies are out of control. They tend to establish an order of their own, of no relevance to ethical considerations. This is a technophobic stance. On the contrary, it can be argued that modern technologies, although risky enterprises, are open to ethical control. An examination of some problems from the field of bioethics (prenatal diagnosis, "animal’s rights") shows that the bounds of the moral community are to be expanded if a model of ethics is to be established in a technological society. Such a model can be broadly characterized as a kind of objective utilitarianism
Kouadio-Bouadou, N'da Kadiatou. « La lettre administrative et l'acte administratif unilatéral à Abidjan - éthique et esthétique communicationnelles ». Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET2132/document.
Texte intégralBetween the tradition of the writing and that of the orality, the formal writing, in Abidjan, is a writing between two. It is located between two cultures that convey an official language to the status legitimated by the constitution and the local languages from four linguistic groups and which , althought not taught, are commonly practiced by the populations. In such a situation diglossia and contrary to practices in french, wich oral, in francophone Africa, highlight a ownership of the French language by the phenomenon of interference lexical, syntactic and additions or truncations, formal writing appears as a document properly written of points of view syntactic and lexical. However, as in any meeting, the contact of the languages affects the behaviour of language speakers. In the framework of the formal writing, speakers take support on the oral devices, better known and better controlled, to build their writing. This device, characterized by an ethic of otherness which makes the talk an art, is a source of strangeness because of its expulsionof standards of the administrative writing. This strangeness reveals an aesthetic discursive particular. Thus, expression of the linguistic identity, administrative writing is also to perceive as the place of interculturality and, the speaker, a boatman favouring the necessary link between people and cultures
Sekhniachvili, Elena. « Etude de la dimension éthique dans la communication du packaging des produits alimentaires ». Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0078.
Texte intégralThe present research is based on the hypothesis that the language use, considered to be as a social power and a tool to achieve pragmatic goals of the communication, requires the involvement of ethics aimed at regulating social interactions. This hypothesis predetermines the main research aim that consists of ethics analysis on a corpus of food packaging discourse. The question of social regulation is accomplished through the concept of value, central one in the problematics of ethics as the value is a spinning plate between meaning and action that guides human behavior and influences decision making. In summary, this work is dedicated to the study of values in all its aspects: i. value as a semantic component which impersonates the idea of the Good, ii . the manifestation of values in the speech which reflect social personal styles as world models at a cultural level, iii. values and their re-organization in the communication process with other people, iv. value as an action force and its conscious use by a discourse subject to express implication and perception of the obligations which form the basis of responsibility. The work studies the role of passions and emotions in the course of the act that weaken or strengthen the action force as well. This research also investigates the value in practical interactions; the value force is manifested in the interaction process between a set of practical situations; the interaction nature influences stability and equilibrium of situations thanks to providing the stability of links between participants of different practices
Rondeau, Dany. « Prolégomènes à une éthique globale interculturelle ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65430.pdf.
Texte intégralRolo, Duarte. « Contraintes organisationnelles, distorsion de la communication et souffrance éthique : le cas des centres d'appels téléphoniques ». Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942979.
Texte intégralSCARIOT, JAIR ARI. « ÉTHIQUE ET MOYENS DE COMUNICATION SOCIALE : POUR UNE COMMUNICATION AU SERVICE DE JUSTICE ET VIE ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6359@1.
Texte intégralLes moyens de communication sociale méritent une profonde reflexion qui inclut l´éthique, la théologie et toutes les disciplines ou systèmes qui constituent le tissu social. Notre étude part d´une vue historique des moyens de communication pour percevoir que ceux qui detiennent la maîtrise de ces moyens en ont toujours bénéficié. Avec l´avénement de l´audio-visuel allié aux intérets du système économique d´une culture dominante dans les médias, la modernité et posmodernité ont pactisé avec un système de misère, modelé la culture et provoqué une très large crise. L´on note une crise des valeurs éthiques et une crise des institutions au detriment des valeurs essentielles dans la famille et la société. La préoccupation n´est plus la vérité, la justice et le bien commun, plutôt que les volontés et le bien personnel immédiats, tant par fraudes, par corruption et autres formes illégales. Voilà qui a fini par porter préjudice aux personnes et surtout aux plus pauvres. Le défi pour l´Église et les organisations sociales se veut être le rachat sans delai des valeurs éthiques, culturelles et religieuses qui devraient à la base soutenir les Moyens de Communication Sociale. Telles sont: la justice, la solidarité et l´amour. La vie des personnes en famille devra de nouveau figurer au premier plan de tous les moyens de communications et de toute la société.
Os Meios de Comunicação Social requerem uma reflexão profunda, envolvendo a ética, a teologia e todas as ciências e os sistemas que compõem o conjunto social. O nosso estudo parte de uma visão histórica dos Meios de Comunicação social; percebe que sempre houve um certo beneficio por parte dos que detêm o domínio destes meios. Na modernidade e pós- modernidade, principalmente com o advento da mídia audiovisual, aliada aos interesses do sistema econômico e de uma cultura dominante, a mídia é parte de um sistema que gera miséria, padroniza a cultura, provoca uma crise muito ampla. Verifica-se uma crise dos valores éticos e uma crise das instituições, o que acabou comprometendo valores essenciais dentro da família e da sociedade, haja vista que a preocupação não está mais com a verdade, a justiça e o bem comum, mas principalmente com as vontades e bens pessoais imediatos, mesmo que isto se realize através das fraudes, corrupções e tantas formas ilegais. Isto acabou comprometendo as estruturas afetando as pessoas e em especial os mais pobres. O desafio da Igreja, junto aos órgãos sociais, é o resgate urgente dos valores éticos, culturais e religiosos, sendo a justiça, a solidariedade e o amor as bases que devem sustentar os Meios de Comunicação Sociais. A vida das pessoas na família precisa estar novamente em primeiro plano em todos os meios de comunicação e em toda sociedade.
Galibert, Olivier. « Les communautés virtuelles : entre marchandisation, don et éthique de la discussion ». Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39038.
Texte intégralPark, Tae-Soun. « Critique éthique de l'utopie idéologique du cyberjournalisme : théorie de la société d'Internet politique et philosophie spinoziste de la communication technologique ». Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010280.
Texte intégralKapitz, Christiane. « L' éthique, une nouvelle figure du lien entre science et société ? : approche discursive d'un phénomène de communication ». Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSF0037.
Texte intégralThis thesis proposes to study ethics as a phenomenon of communication, insofar as it is the subject of media or institutional discourses and generates debates which are exerted in various spheres of society. The mediations (institutional and individual) which take part in the development of this process are studied starting from an approach combining the analysis of discourses of daily press about organ transplantations and the observation of the practices of communication of the French Consultative Committee of Ethics. This approach falls under a current of research of the Information sciences and communication which seeks to understand the complex mechanisms of the relations between sciences and society. The analysis presented reveals the rolr of ethics between individuals and collectives at different levels from social, and in particular its dimension symbolic system. The study proposes a comparison between the role of the scientific popularization and the role of ethics in the relationship between science and society
Kouadio-Bouadou, Kadiatou. « La lettre administrative et l'acte administratif unilatéral à Abidjan - éthique et esthétique communicationnelles ». Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665941.
Texte intégralArvanitakis, Sophie. « Le rôle de la médiation communicationnelle dans la construction éthique de dispositifs techniques ». Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32077.
Texte intégralThe purpose of our thesis is to show that human values are inseparable technical devices. Their ethics is common because we can not separate the man of the art. Therefore, ethics is not a single vision but rather a co-constructed between the technical and man, at some point in their history. The goal is for us to go beyong the commonly accepted perceptions of a universal ethic independent technical device and observe the relationship between man, the technical and ethical. We seek to show that particulary in the intertwined referred want to be an ethical devices, communication built mediation by a neutral posture, a balance between ethical postures. Indeed, we view the nature and function of relational communication as a process of sociotechnic mediation; i. E. , the construction of common values shared by individuals and devices. The value of this work is to propose, first, a new reading of theoretical frameworks concerned with relations between man and sociotechnic devices, the nature of values affordance techniques and their transformation into Whereas those they no longer reside only in the heads of individuals, but by a process of sharing. The ethics of technical devices is then a construction of meaning that emerges from a meeting in situ a user with a context. This mediation, following a socio-constructivist approach is pragramtic characteristic values, norms, rules, distributed among individuals, situation and context. The secon interest lies in the methodological role that we play in the mediation of communication. In Information Sciences and Communication, think little research ethics as a dependent variable of mediation communication. It is not used here as an end but a means. The problem then is we know how each (in its own domain) built a posture ethics? Ie what are the daily practices? A vision-up is therefore necessary to observe the phenomenon because it is neither the means, which vary considerably depending on the views, or for the order as possible that are not permitted strictly speaking, an end in itself. Today, it is commonly accepted that the foundations of ethics are built on timeless values, however, the daily values change depending on the here and now uses. Individuals have a vision, a canon of ethics and yet they adapt to situations sandstone. Therefore, the technical reflection of human activities can be ethical?
Krebs, Henry Delphine. « Étique, travail et "dialogue" social : repenser la communication entre les partenaires sociaux dans l'entreprise ». Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030056.
Texte intégralNowadays, working relationships are more closely linked to a latent conflict and, at best, to negotiation, than they are to a dialogue. Consequently, we have to set up a responsible management. It appears necessary to question, ethically speaking, relationships and communications in spite of differences and divergences. What is at stake stands as essential for management policies: it is to institute a real social "dialogue" in which the interpersonal reciprocity would be prized, in order to prevent bringing working relationships down to a power struggle regulated by a mere play of concessions. Linked to the dialogism concept, ethical problems will be interested in communicational practices within companies. Between the concepts of negotiation and dialogue, ethics invite economic interests and human concerns to be conciliated. Social "dialogue" has much to create, providing that companies aim to realize their ambitions thanks to moralized communications
Fischer, Flora. « Les normativités des technologies numériques : approche d’une éthique « by design » ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2583.
Texte intégralIn this research, we propose to clarify the particularity of digital ethics through two concepts: ethics by design and the normativity of digital technologies. Indeed, we propose to examine the emergence and the conceptual scope of the expression "ethics by design" in the digital context, at the crossroads of several disciplinary fields. This genealogical analysis will allow us to propose a typology of ethics by design according to its theoretical connections: between an anthropocentric ethics of intention; an object-centered ethics by design; and an ethics of mediation, centered on the subject-object relationship. As for the concept of "normativity", it seems relevant to understand the limits of "by design" as what is done and decided "by design", and to avoid any techno-ethical determinism. Among other meanings, normativity means the immanence of a power. Normativity is a fertile concept for thinking about the tension, resulting from technical mediations, between the normative being of digital technologies on the one hand, and their normative duty to be on the other. How does ethics revolve around this normativity of digital technologies? In trying to grasp the mechanisms by which this normative power is expressed or invented, we will underline the necessary dialectic between, on the one hand, a current and descriptive ethics and, on the other hand, a virtual and capability ethics. The latter will open the way to a reflection on the contribution of care ethics to the digital world through "digital concern", "digital care" and "digital encapacitation"
Eloy-Perrin, Laurence. « Communication managériale et conduite du changement : une politique de mobilité en question chez Orange France ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040011/document.
Texte intégralThe uncertainty of economic environment and competitive pressure put the issue of mobility at the center of HR concerns in major companies. This work consists in analyzing the effects of managerial communication, applied to mobility, on the building of managers identity. This research shows limits and risks specific to communication process, especially in Orange France, before the social crisis of 2009. It focuses on the concept of mobility and on the way companies have seized it to build a real doxa to serve their policies. Working back and forth between the analysis of institutional written messages and managers words, this approach highlights the argumentative, narrative and semiotic involved processes. The conclusions of this work raise a further concern about the concept of relational ethics in companies
Fournout, Olivier. « L’archipel du dialogue. De l’image du texte à l’anthropologie de la communication ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040308.
Texte intégralThis thesis is designed to produce a theory of dialogue that does not only take into account the observation of face to face oral encounters, but also gives a chance to the written form of dialogues to build up some of our representations of communication. The purpose is to show how the way we think and talk about human dialogue depends upon some criteria of description embedded in the visual aspects of textual dialogues, ranging from theatre editions to email communications. The research is developed in three stages. The first one raises the question of how to describe an object such as a « textual dialogue », defined as the collage of textual fragments, called « diatexts », coming from different sources. The second stage fully describes the spatial organization of textual dialogues. The third stage explores the possibility of an anthropology of dialogue shaped by the plasticity of written dialogues. It argues that some of our ideas about communication – whether ethical, systemic, aesthetic or metaphysical – are influenced by the act of reading and looking at written dialogues taken as textual images. Thus, interiorized textual patterns may structure « natural » conversations
Tomczyk, Martyna. « Sédation continue, maintenue jusqu'au décès : quelle communication dans les unités de soins palliatifs en France et en Pologne ? Pour une éthique de la présence à l'autre ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB214/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis addresses an issue of medical ethics which has previously been investigated, that of communication concerning continuous sedation until death as practised in palliative care units in France and Poland. Using an interdisciplinary approach, free of any personal preconceptions by the author, it aims to provide an objective insight into the issue. A literature review is performed initially which highlights the main flaws in the existing publications of which there are two in particular: terminological and conceptual confusion around the idea of sedation in palliative medicine and its conceptual representation. In order to properly frame the object of research, two key concepts: continuous sedation until death and representation are first clarified and then linked together. Subsequently, a qualitative multiple-case field study is performed in a number of different palliative care units in France and Poland. Two qualitative methods are used: case analyses and individual semi-structured interviews with the main parties involved in the communication process - prescribing clinicians, nurses and the families and friends of sedated patients. Patients were not directly interviewed but their experiences were accounted for via the interviews with the carers and family members. Thirty completed case, fifteen per country, are included in the study. The data obtained are analysed using the appropriate linguistic tools. The results show that carers' representations of “continuous sedation until death” influence the delivery of information to patients. The national contexts are seen to exert a certain influence in most cases. However, with regard to the content of information, the wishes of patients and family members are the same in both countries. Moreover, it is less the information itself that counts as much as the caring way it is delivered. The emergence from this study of a needful wish to be cared for leads us to question whether, despite individual differences, there is not a universal dimension to the suffering being. This in turn prompts our suggestion of an ethical scope to the presence of the other. Should this not be at the root of palliative medicine and moreover throughout the entire field of medicine? And if that's the case, why not in our everyday lives ?
Dumont, Emmanuel. « La communication de l'Eglise catholique aux Etats-Unis pour le respect de la vie (1990-1995) : genèse, étude mercatique et évaluation éthique d'une rhétorique ecclésiale professionnalisée ». Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040173.
Texte intégralEllenberg, Eytan. « Nosocomium, hôpital et espace de santé : étude terminologique et structuration conceptuelle d'un domaine ». Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030127.
Texte intégralThis terminological study permits us to make a trip through the concepts of hospital security, risk, ethics, etc. We want to show the necessity of a reflection on hospital risk management, coherence of concepts, designations that put a name on them, etc. Also, we wanted to show the importance of taking into account globallly the notion of risk, not only confined in the notion of management. We marked, through our studies in ethics, some elements that indicate us that, within hospital risk management, an important work of interrogation on hospital practices exists : on a managerial level but also on values. Thus, we use terminological concepts and methods to describe – descriptive terminology – and to act – constructive terminology – on hospital security
Chafik, Ayoub. « Mutations de l'information politique télévisuelle en Égypte : vers une éthique communicationnelle de la complexité locale, régionale et cosmopolite ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30056.
Texte intégralThis research purports to retrace the media and political history of Egypt, as a central element of Arab public space, within a wider regional framework constituted of peripheral countries such as Qatar, Kuwait or the Saudi-Emirati axis.It invites more particularly to a reflection upon the communicational politics at work under the respective governments of what can be called the “Republic of officers”, a phrase borrowed from Yazid Sayegh to designate the successive takeovers of contemporary Egypt by military men, namely Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, and finally Sisi.From the Arabist journalism of offensive resistance from the fifties’ on, to the commercial development of media in the late eighties’, a thorough examination of the informational and journalistic approach of the regimes in power will be undertaken. This will be linked with the diverse spheres of the public space, i.e. the intellectuals, religious, and all kinds of activists from the civil society. The role played by the cosmopolitical regime will be asked too, not as much as the transnational phenomenon of global pacification in Ulrich Beck’s sense, but rather as this informal body is exploited and corrupted by the American administration and high European representation for not so altruistic aims.When Aljazeera channel was created in 1996, paving the way to a communicational neo-panarabism now promoted by a rentier micro-State of the Gulf region, namely Qatar, a new wind started to blow on the television treatment of political issues in the Arab world. The other countries of the peninsula soon responded, allowing the birth of an abundance of channels, most of which were commercial. The development of social networks and the new information technologies in general are not forgotten leading us to interrogate the mutations of this system which is getting more and more complex. In-between the scheme of co-isolation within which the evolution of the Qatari channel is inscribed and the counter-revolutionary project financially supported by the Saudi-Emirati axis after Morsi’s election, then inaugurating an era of political absurdity permeating all and every interstice of the regional public space, our point will be to decipher more particularly the paradoxes of the system, in articulation with the notion of ethics and the concept of recognition
Nzigou-Moussavou, Alain. « Désir et consensus : éléments d'anthropobiologie érotique ». Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083127.
Texte intégralFounding all institutions, talking in all speech, the desire is that of which the argumentative rationality extolled by the transcendental ethics of the discussion cannot heal us, because it is in it only that it can express its dream of communicational transformation of the man in universal and eternal consensus with himself, the others and the world. Dream whose socio-political realization is deferred forever. Finally "Homo consensus" is only a "Homo eroticus" condemned to wander inexorably on the impetuous sea of the world, on-board in the nave of the generalized uncertainty. Tossed of a phantasmatical strand to the other by the squalls of his ideological beliefs, he contemplates from afar his object of tip that is held, phenomenologically and ontologically, stubbornly in the epistemic distance, promised earth that returns intoxicated, but where one will never live. Here, the fantasy is absolutely total, and the enjoyment only oral. It is why the "consensual sedimentation" that tempts, by the semantic fixation of the sign instituted in the cultural rituals, to fill the hole opened by this epistemic distance, must be subverted perpetually by the "erotic transformation" that opens out the work of the judgment by which the man, bloodhound on his own kits, revalues the roots of his socio-historical circumstance and his axiological principles. Announce himself the only truth that to discover has thus: the man is at the world to want (the consensus) and he "wants (the consensus)" to be at the world, but the time that makes the desire come to him gives him being pragmatically only as and it wants, by the will of its seasons
Arruda, Lima Katia. « Vers une éthique pour les médias numériques : défis entre le public et le privé : que faisons-nous en fin de compte avec les mots ? » Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11623.
Texte intégralAbstract : We confront the tension between legitimacy vs. manipulation in persuasive discourse: the old tricky aporia of argumentation, dating back to the ancient Greeks when they first founded democracy. This has been more recently highlighted by Philippe Breton (2008) as the subtle “paradox of argumentation,” which concerns the dynamics of human language as a valuable hermeneutical enterprise, one susceptible to (mis) interpretations as well as to phenomena of critical dissent and controversies. Our main questions subsequently turn around the central concern of how we may promote democratic participation and discussion, in the era of the Internet, in ways that can work to motivate the improvement of our inter-subjective communicative performances in healthy and legitimate manners, instead of facilitating corruption via blunt censorship or other manipulative tricks. As we consider dialogue and argumentation to be the most crucial traits of the democratic enterprise, we also discuss the role played by American pragmatism to the nourishment of such democratic ideal. Particularly, we focus on the theoretical approaches proposed by Peirce and Mead concerning autonomy and reflexivity, not without mentioning its champion on education, John Dewey, whose works have all been preoccupied with the maintenance and development of the main axes for good functioning democratic societies, namely: education, science, and communication. To better reflect about this, we integrate into Breton’s triangle a Peirce-Mead semiotic “triadic” approach that supports autonomy, so as to propose a compounded model that is able to both encompass the rich possibilities of communication and, on the other hand, delimit as much as possible the range of interactive dialogism, peculiar to human language, so as to foster ethical (legitimate) exchanges. All these elements considered in Part A prepare the terrain for the subsequent considerations developed in Part B, regarding an ethics for digital media. Conclusions: • The paradigm proposed by Discourse Ethics, under the light of a semiotic approach on autonomy, reflexivity and the self, is suggested as a reliable theoretical framework of departure. • This has led us to a compounded ‘triadic’ model that incorporates the most relevant aspects from the views of Peirce, Mead, Grize and Breton. • Then, in Part B, concerning the challenges brought by Digital Media to contemporary societies, we conclude that the more of one’s privacy an individual is required to relinquish for governments and/or companies (no matter the reasons involved), the more transparency by those handling one’s sensitive information should be required to be provided, in return. • All this in order to prevent manipulation and abuses of power as much as possible, so as to keep a balanced ‘communicative triangle’ among interlocutors (according to the proposed triangular model), essential for democracies to be maintained and thrive, so as to rend possible the adoption of a Magna Carta for the Internet that would be globally acceptable and focused on the three main principles of: - net neutrality; - freedom of expression; - privacy protection.
Elongo, Lukulunga Vicky. « Pratiques journalistiques en situation de crise : vers une éthique atypique dans la presse au Congo-Zaïre ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210169.
Texte intégralPartant de l’argument selon lequel le journalisme congolais s’exerce dans un environnement de crise – celle-ci étant comprise comme un lieu d’inversion des valeurs et, par conséquent, favorable à la transgression des normes –, notre thèse se structure autour de trois hypothèses. Premièrement, serait-il moralement, mieux éthiquement acceptable, pour les journalistes, de transgresser les règles de leur profession, étant donné qu’ils évoluent dans un environnement de crise ?Dans l’affirmative, au nom de quels principes et de quelle éthique ces pratiques transgressives seraient-elles justifiées ?Deuxièmement, ces pratiques, pour autant qu’elles sont susceptibles d’être légitimées au nom d’une certaine éthique, seraient-elles préjudiciables à la qualité de l’information ?
Pour répondre à ces interrogations, notre démarche vise, d’abord, à circonscrire la crise congolaise ;puis à identifier, grâce à une approche empirique, les pratiques journalistiques ;enfin, à mesurer les retombées de ces pratiques sur l’information livrée au public.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bourdier, Mellot Sandra. « Evaluer le "pouvoir" du design des interfaces web des ONG sur les formes et forces de l'engagement : entre éthique, esthésie et résistance ». Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0082/document.
Texte intégralWe assess the level of user commitment on NGO websites by defining:i. an analytical framework linking user interactions with mediating devices (interaction models),ii. semiotics metadata describing individual user behaviour evolutions (interaction styles).This method allows us to discuss strategies from the perspective of co-enunciative relationship change depending on user interactions.Considering user perception produces a new indicator of the level of public support for the ethical message of NGO. We highlight a change of perspective to evaluate digital strategies: from a performance assessment focused on donations to the requirement of a co-enunciative relationship conducive to commitment.We define differents ways of interacting with NGO websites according to the relation between interaction models and interaction styles. Therefore, the level of user commitment on NGO websites depends on these different interaction possibilities provided by webdesign and covering a wide range of involvements from ignorance to empowerment
Danino, Michel Alain. « Analyse du couple information consentement : l'exemple de la chirurgie plastique ». Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05DA04.
Texte intégralObtaining a patient's informed consent to treatment is an expected component of clinical interactions. The notion that a person as an autonomous being has a right to decide whether or not to consent to medical treatment from an informed basis has its origins in both law and ethical theory. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the reality of informed consent in the particular field of plastic surgery. We decided to analyse the information and consent process in our daily medical practice. The problem is to know if the doctor and patient relationship can be reduced only to the informed consent. Our results are showing the difficulties of real information. Our conclusion is that informed consent is a utopia, and we pointed out different option in order to get a better relation
Chafik, Ayoub. « Mutations de l'information politique télévisuelle en Égypte : vers une éthique communicationnelle de la complexité locale, régionale et cosmopolite ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30056.
Texte intégralThis research purports to retrace the media and political history of Egypt, as a central element of Arab public space, within a wider regional framework constituted of peripheral countries such as Qatar, Kuwait or the Saudi-Emirati axis.It invites more particularly to a reflection upon the communicational politics at work under the respective governments of what can be called the “Republic of officers”, a phrase borrowed from Yazid Sayegh to designate the successive takeovers of contemporary Egypt by military men, namely Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, and finally Sisi.From the Arabist journalism of offensive resistance from the fifties’ on, to the commercial development of media in the late eighties’, a thorough examination of the informational and journalistic approach of the regimes in power will be undertaken. This will be linked with the diverse spheres of the public space, i.e. the intellectuals, religious, and all kinds of activists from the civil society. The role played by the cosmopolitical regime will be asked too, not as much as the transnational phenomenon of global pacification in Ulrich Beck’s sense, but rather as this informal body is exploited and corrupted by the American administration and high European representation for not so altruistic aims.When Aljazeera channel was created in 1996, paving the way to a communicational neo-panarabism now promoted by a rentier micro-State of the Gulf region, namely Qatar, a new wind started to blow on the television treatment of political issues in the Arab world. The other countries of the peninsula soon responded, allowing the birth of an abundance of channels, most of which were commercial. The development of social networks and the new information technologies in general are not forgotten leading us to interrogate the mutations of this system which is getting more and more complex. In-between the scheme of co-isolation within which the evolution of the Qatari channel is inscribed and the counter-revolutionary project financially supported by the Saudi-Emirati axis after Morsi’s election, then inaugurating an era of political absurdity permeating all and every interstice of the regional public space, our point will be to decipher more particularly the paradoxes of the system, in articulation with the notion of ethics and the concept of recognition
Malaterre, Florian. « Le processus d’institutionnalisation de l’éthique d’entreprise : vers un renouvellement de l’autorité managériale ? Le cas d’Electricité de France de 1971 à 2015 ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL036.
Texte intégralIn recent decades, corporate management has been paying increasing attention to the issue of ethics. This has resulted in the implementation of various approaches (CSR, sustainable development, etc.). Among them, the project of a corporate ethics, which is known most often by its "ethical charters" or its "codes of conduct", as they are made public. However, these documents are part of an internal management system (organization, control tools, communication) that intends to change the ways employees work. This implies a legitimacy of management to impose an ethics that does not seem self-evident. In these conditions, we propose to study the way in which management conceives its role in ethics and builds its legitimacy among employees. We wonder how this contributes to an evolution of managerial authority. We are studying the case of a former public company in the energy sector, Electricité de France, where we realized part of our CIFRE thesis project. We analyze the evolution of the management system on corporate ethics from a body of documents between 1971 and 2015. We explore five areas: the report of management to the context, the organizational choices taking ethics into account, the format of ethical standards, management systems to facilitate the appropriation of ethics, and the relationship of management to unions through the project of corporate ethics
Galli, David. « L'adolescent du XXIème siècle nous enseigne la vie, les sentiments et la communication humaine ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL4002.
Texte intégralThis thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of what is communication between humans at a time when they prefer machines to talk to each other. Adolescents, in particular, are moving further and further away from each other in favor of messages on their smartphone. The effort of the relationship is exchanged for a simple exchange of information at a distance. But this problem is an opportunity: by avoiding the inconveniences of communication, teenagers teach us precisely what constitutes it. During our three years of investigation with them, the first hypothesis was to let ourselves be disturbed by their stories in order to advance knowledge. We therefore observed them in their environment before listening to them in the course of life stories, an anthropological method that allows for interdisciplinarity. Thus, in our analyses, biology, psychology, philosophy and the contributions of the social sciences intersect in an articulation between the field and theory. At each meeting, new paths have branched off our readings and concepts. Then the context of the 21st century finally revealed that adolescence feeds on both information and communication, which necessitated the constitution of a new model to approach this period of life: "The pendulum stage". Through their stories, adolescents have guided us towards unexpected questions. Thus, we not only described the relationships between humans, but rather revealed what they teach us by avoiding the face-to-face experience of the other. Concepts such as homeostasis, resistance, feelings, speech and memory animated the discussions. Finally, we have recreated the chronology of the investigation to create an original narrative that takes shape throughout the manuscript. Our thinking is organized by a narrative of experiences, emotions and theoretical controversies inscribed in information and communication sciences
Massie, Jean-Marc. « L'avenir du sujet à l'ère des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication : l'impact socio-politique du système expert ». Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010289.
Texte intégralThis research deals with the relationship between the society and new technologies information and communication (NTIC). More precesely it focuses on the relationship between the computer networks and those who use it. In this context, the two following questions must be considered : what futur is therefore an individual's autonomy in this computer age? What are the ideologies behind artificial intelligence system (AI) and particulary by expert system? The author's responds to these questions take the form of two hypotheses : 1. The creator of expert system and more generaly programmers, target and therefore favour the non-autonomus user. 2. The ideologies behind the ntic are the result of mutual determination by emerging techological advances and present day society. In order to prove this hypotheses, he analyses the theory of particulary Simon, Minsky, and Winograd and Flores, all of whom are practicians-thepricians. In short, the author predicts the futur of the expanding and accessible computer area by focusing theoretical and practical. This will enable him to achieve a greater understanding of the underline ideologies of computer development from it's roots up to the present day. This in turn will enable the author to re-evaluate the possibilities of envisaging a more humanist futur for the computer, and to conclude by sketching a computer ethic. This ethic aim to maintain the individual's autonomy by drawning conclusion from expert system and virtual reality technology
Tao, Ting Ting. « La communication socio-politique sur les réseaux sociaux en Chine : vers un espace public numérique ? Une analyse du micro-blogging chinois Sina Weibo ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL030.
Texte intégralThis doctoral dissertation revolves around five key concepts: public space, social networks, public opinion, political communication, and the ethics of discussion. It focuses on the possible configurations of the public space in Chinese society, with the development of Chinese social networks and, consequently, on the opportunity of a possible influence exerted by these on the social and political system. The research is thus centered on the analysis of the various strategies of the social actors involved and the interplay with each other.Faced with the prerogatives of the absolutist state, thanks to digital information and communication technologies, a counter-discourse appeared and developed on Chinese social networks, challenging the monopoly of the government on the dissemination of information and the power of speech. The latter has since had to adjust its political communication strategy to ensure its political legitimacy, which is also an unprecedented opportunity for ordinary citizens to express their claims and political demands.This leads us to explore the possibilities of Chinese public space in the digital age. However, we found that many factors hinder the formation of this potential public space, including political factors and cultural factors specific of these chinese social actors. Our research work focuses on these underlying obstacles
Gire-Houlonne, Daniel. « Ethique et publicité médicale ». Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11242.
Texte intégralKanoun, Sonia. « Information médicale et médicaments à usage humain : des essais cliniques à la mise sur le marché du médicament à usage à usage humain ». Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083047.
Texte intégralMedical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors along with the recognition of fundamental principles such as human dignity, respect of the individual or acceptance of some autonomy for subjects – even the most vulnerable – together led to a decline of medical paternalism, which is the direct result of generalized medical information. As a product that is consumed for a particular purpose, medication must be accompanied by extensive information, equally as much during clinical trials as after release on the market. With medication there is a therapeutic goal in which the fundamental principle is "first of all, do not harm". Therefore medication must meet specific guarantees regarding its effectiveness or primacy of benefits over risks. Medication that is more efficient, invasive, and aggressive requires patient consent prior to consumption. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has been shaken by an impressive number of crises leading to increased questioning of how those products – ostensibly administered for patients' well being – could have such catastrophic repercussions on the health of a few patients. Any information about human life sciences takes a clearly defined position in several respects. For example, the advancement of pharmaceutical development must meet legal requirements, particularly the obligation to publish. It is also imperative that the law distinguishes what information can be made public. Finally, information is inherently ambiguous in advertising. Is it good to know it all?
Urgelli, Benoit. « Les logiques d'engagement d'enseignants face à une question socioscientifique médiatisée : le cas du réchauffement climatique ». Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines - ENS-LSH Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555072.
Texte intégralRobert, Rémi. « Par l’entremise d’une pratique réflexive, de quelle manière le professeur et l’étudiant inscrit en TREMPLIN DEC peuvent-ils utiliser les TIC de façon éthiquement responsable pour renouveler et améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie au collégial ? » Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11845.
Texte intégralAbstract : The turn of the century brought with it an emergence of information and communications technologies (ICT) and web 2.0 to the Quebec junior college network. In the wake of this technological progress, the presence of ICT changed (transformed) the way students learned about discipline-related content while allowing the teachers to redefine their pedagogical methods that would make courses more interactive. At the outset, the miniaturisation of these tools was a source of emulation for the developers as well as a cause of concern for the tenants of traditional teaching methods. Even today, this duality has led to diverging professional convictions with regards to how we should teach philosophy. The goal of this thesis is to show that in developing a feeling of mutual competency, students and teachers of the Springboard to a DCS pathway must engage in an ethically responsible usage of information and communications technologies. This will improve teaching methods of philosophy, which will lead to renewed discipline-related learning. Over time, the validation of electronic pedagogy (e-pedagogy) will allow students to cultivate a sense of responsibility with regards to their learning and make them more autonomous. In addition to increasing the passing rate, as shown by our data, e-pedagogy permits the teacher to develop a more targeted approach to accompany the particular needs of students in the Springboard to a DCS pathway. Our thesis is broken into four parts and is based on an interdisciplinary approach. The first part deals with the sociology of communication. We will explain how ICT have changed the nature of socialization and the dynamics of user interactions. For some, technological tools allow for a more efficient communication, whereas others feel that these tools encourage a breakdown of human relationships because in prioritizing communication efficiency, we risk harming the quality and longevity of interpersonal relationships. The second part focuses on education and the importance for students and teachers to develop a shared reflective practice with regards to learning and transmitting discipline-related content. Despite the difficulties faced by students in the Springboard to DSC pathway and their instructor, all of the actors must acquire a series of common competencies, without which the use of ICT would be futile. That means that the nature of the pedagogical relationship must be re-evaluated to allow to increased e-pedagogy innovation. The third part deals with ethically responsible usage of ICT in learning situations. Indeed, in using ICT, instructors and students must assure a shared responsibility and consider common values of solidarity and complementarity. These two values are necessary for teachers to be able to adapt academic supervision in order to answer specific student needs. Furthermore, a professional learning community would optimize teacher commitment thereby increasing a student’s efforts in his or her academic success. Finally, we will propose a series of recommendations to improve the teaching of philosophy. The purpose is to bring about a culture of change which, in our opinion, would be beneficial for the entire college network and constructive for the development of e-pedagogical strategies in philosophy.
Barège, Alexandre. « L'éthique et le rapport de travail ». Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20009.
Texte intégralWorkplace dynamics is often thought of as solely based on conflicting individual and group interest ; whereas work ethics, is often considered as a mere management tool. This way of considering workplace dynamics is wrong, because it does not account for the fact that the concept of work ethics is two-fold. To study work ethics and workplace dynamics, one must consider the former just as aregulation tool. On the one hand, work ethics is concerned with the values of society. Companies are at both the generating and receiving ends of social values. Therefore, they can be considered as intermediary structures of the society. The success of a company depends on its employees ; therefore, the wellbeing of its employees must be one of its purposes. This brings about the idea of corporate social performance. On the other hand, work ethics can also be seen from a behavioral point of view. Every member of a company must abide by the rules and accept the social values of the society. This brings about the idea of a work ethics based on consensual agreement. We need to transcend the concept of work ethics as a simple matter of conflicting interests. A relational contract law defines and clarifies workplace dynamics because it takes into account its full ethical dimension
Toumi, Mira. « Etude expérimentale de l’impact des incitations et préférences sociales sur les comportements pro-environnementaux ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0010.
Texte intégralIn the context of growing concern for the environmental challenge, the objective of this thesis is to bring some insights on possible links between incentives, social preferences and the environmental context. Chapter 1 is a general introduction. Chapter 2 provides a survey of the experimental research disciplines studying Pro-Environmental Behavior both in the discipline of Economics and Psychology. Thanks to a thematic inventory of the published experiments, we identify the main determinants of Pro-Environmental Behaviors investigated in economics and psychology. Moreover, we provide a statistical description of studies evolution in time. Chapter 3 adapts a public good game to waste management issue. In the context of greenhouse gases emissions reduction, policy makers design different types of incentives to act on individual behaviors. In the experiment, the players have to cooperate in order to reduce the cost of waste sorting treatment. We compare the impact of a sanctioning tax with the impact of a nudge in the form of a third party advice. Results show that advice, sanction and the threat of sanction significantly increase cooperation, with a stronger disciplinary effect for the applied sanction. Chapter 4 considers the nature of individuals' preferences expression, namely a monetary salient effort and an attentional effort. In this chapter we investigate the relation between social preferences and attentional contribution in a pro-social environment. For this purpose, we present a new experiment where subjects have to invest real attention, then we compare a selfish and prosocial incentives. The results show that both incentives increase allocated attention. Moreover, in contradiction with economic theory, we find that subjects' social preferences failed to explain attentional contribution in pro-social environments
Pouliquen-Lardy, Lauriane. « Collaboration à distance : étude de la compréhension mutuelle dans les environnements virtuels collaboratifs immersifs : le cas de la communication spatiale ». Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20018/document.
Texte intégralRemote collaborative situations in industry involve new constraints for workers. In the context of using immersive virtual environments to collaborate, we set up a series of experiments focusing on the mutual comprehension, and more specifically on the process of sharing spatial information. Results of the first experiment showed the influence of one collaborator’s role on spatial statements. Guides and manipulators both used statements preferentially centered on manipulator’s action, which supports the least collaborative effort principle. Results of two experiments about spatial statements production allowed to point out that mental workload is modulated by the target position relative to the addressee. According to the target location, the speaker must operate or not cognitively costly mental transformations to take the addressee perspective. However this workload could be lowered by means of visual cues. The last experiment focused on the understanding of spatial statements. It showed that statements centered on the addressee are the easiest to understand when the task is also centered on the addressee. Some exocentered statements could also induce a lower mental workload but only in some conditions. Results are discussed in relation to the least collaborative effort principle and the spatial frames of reference theory. This work opens new leads to facilitate remote collaboration through virtual environments
Ait-Daoud, Sanaa. « Le management responsable des technologies de l'information (MRTI) : entre approches ethique et institutionnelle ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20134/document.
Texte intégralThis research focuses on the analysis of the motivations and practices of Responsible Management of Information Technology (RMIT). Our first goal is to understand how Sustainable Development (SD) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are reflected in Information Systems (IS). The second objective is to understand the motivations of establishing a RMIT. The answer for these objectives is built by combining empirical and theoretical approaches. In so doing, an original analysis frame of ethical and institutional motivations for RMIT is developed and verified. The analysis of the results, at various levels of the research, has to offer (1) a Green IT typology, (2) a RMIT life cycle proposal and (3) a typology of organization strategies (active, pro-active, reactive and retrospective) facing environmental pressures
Nguyen, Minh Nguyet. « La communication interculturelle des vietnamiens francophones en insertion professionnelle : éthiques culturelles et coopération ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659744.
Texte intégralGocko, Xavier Pierre Antoine. « Dépistage organisé du cancer du sein et décision partagée ». Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES005.
Texte intégralContext. Participating in organized breast cancer screening is part of a shared decision-making process with an intelligible, fair and appropriate information delivered. This process is based on the knowledge, representations and values of women and professionals. The controversies surrounding this screening complicate the decision-making for women. In this context, the National Cancer Institute (INCa) launched online the first citizen consultation on this screening in October 2015.Aims. This work sought to feed the shared decision-making process within the framework of screening by studying the information given to women around the world and in France. He also sought to understand what the knowledge and values were underlying the decision of women. It dealt with the main subject of controversy: the discrepancies around overdiagnosis rates.Methods. Two systematic reviews were carried out: the first analyzed the various information tools in the world and the second the methodological differences leading to the overdiagnosis rates discrepancies. The INCa and “Cancer rose” websites were analyzed using the prism of International Patient Decision Aids Standards criteria. Citizen consultation was analyzed in a mixed and sequential study (qualitative / netnography and quantitative / multiple correspondence analysis) in order to understand the decisions to participate or not.Results conclusions. Appropriate information moves away from "pinkwashing" and takes into account the emotions of women. For professionals, overdiagnosis leads to regaining scientific doubt and managing it
Toumi, Mira. « Etude expérimentale de l’impact des incitations et préférences sociales sur les comportements pro-environnementaux ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0010/document.
Texte intégralIn the context of growing concern for the environmental challenge, the objective of this thesis is to bring some insights on possible links between incentives, social preferences and the environmental context. Chapter 1 is a general introduction. Chapter 2 provides a survey of the experimental research disciplines studying Pro-Environmental Behavior both in the discipline of Economics and Psychology. Thanks to a thematic inventory of the published experiments, we identify the main determinants of Pro-Environmental Behaviors investigated in economics and psychology. Moreover, we provide a statistical description of studies evolution in time. Chapter 3 adapts a public good game to waste management issue. In the context of greenhouse gases emissions reduction, policy makers design different types of incentives to act on individual behaviors. In the experiment, the players have to cooperate in order to reduce the cost of waste sorting treatment. We compare the impact of a sanctioning tax with the impact of a nudge in the form of a third party advice. Results show that advice, sanction and the threat of sanction significantly increase cooperation, with a stronger disciplinary effect for the applied sanction. Chapter 4 considers the nature of individuals' preferences expression, namely a monetary salient effort and an attentional effort. In this chapter we investigate the relation between social preferences and attentional contribution in a pro-social environment. For this purpose, we present a new experiment where subjects have to invest real attention, then we compare a selfish and prosocial incentives. The results show that both incentives increase allocated attention. Moreover, in contradiction with economic theory, we find that subjects' social preferences failed to explain attentional contribution in pro-social environments
Desnos, Yves. « Cognition, corporéité et situation de handicap de la personne adulte avec autisme et retard mental vivant en contexte institutionnel ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG008/document.
Texte intégralWe propose through this work of thesis a theoretical and clinical analysis in ecological context of the issue of the adult people, prone to the syndrome of autism with severe mental retardation, cared for within medico-social structures. These subjects constitute a specific population, because of the particular severity of their disabilities and of the great difficulty for others of reaching their subjectivity. According to a double ethical and epistemological approach, we worked out in a complementary way an understanding theoretical modeling of the cognition of these subjects, based on their developmental singularity, and a method of investigation of their experience and functioning, on several levels, adapted to the complexity of their issue and to their living environment. Following five case studies and an example of a psycho-educational systemic intervention, we present a synthesis of the factors likely to contribute to the disability situation of these subjects
Cohen, Patrice. « Le droit à l'information : un droit fondamental vecteur de dérives éthiques en odontologie ? » Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082845.
Texte intégralIn France, for about twenty years, the field of the medical responsibility seems to us strongly linked to allowance. The right to medical information, the indisputable preliminary basis in the liberation of the consent is transformed to accompany, this evolution of the substantive law, legislative as case law. More or less, it became a real legal way which contributes to make more difficult of all health obligations practitioners. After analising the specificities and the differences of every stage of information, we will show that, if we can't lean on ethical basis, the risk of deviation exists in odontology. We will discover that the processes have been triggered of and succeeded. Either, consciously and in controling the marketing technics, the professionals of odontology, will counter-instrumentalise the medical information in a purely economic objective, either more unconsciously, the odontologists, reassured by many epidemiological studies directed in public health will change their daily practice towards a normalisation of all their gestures and their communication to finish with a health care completely normalised to respect the new rules of society of the "cheerful totalitarianism"
Drouot, Cyril. « Croyances, usages discursifs et éthiques en communications sur la vaccination contre les papillomavirus humains : Hésitation, défiance, confiance, prudence, utilité… décidément une lutte toute en contrepoints ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2025/document.
Texte intégralOne specificity of the preventive health-care system is to embody a weak-power biopolitics which should convince rather than oblige healthy individuals to protect themselves and their children against potential risks. Vaccination is one of the oldest and most controversial health prevention measure. Our aim was to study the role of communication in this field. More specifically, we have characterized the modalities of discursive usage which induce belief in most receptors and promote distrust, trust or hesitation within media diapositives. To this aim, we have analyzed a corpus of 386 communications related to vaccination using a multidisciplinary approach at the frontier of different field studies: media, communication and culture, risk, and science and technology. To optimize the modalities of the discursive usage in the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of communication, we have analyzed the discursive modalities of different actors who have communicated publicly on the vaccines. We have build a questionnaire which will soon be proposed to the 20.000 young adults of the i-share cohort, a large epidemiological study targeting students in French universities. Volunteers will be invited to participate to an online scenario experimental study to assess the capability of different stakeholders’ discourse to build consensus. We have focused our study on the HPV vaccines which protects against cervix cancer. Since its commercialization in 2006 in Europe, controversies about the cost, possible side effects and efficacy of these vaccines have increased, resulting in general distrust towards actors of the preventive health-care system. We have found that acting on the communications of the health counter-democracy on the Internet could be one efficient method to optimize media communications about vaccines. Based on our analysis of the values underlying the mobilization of the most representative discursive modalities of the actors in our corpus, we have highlighted those that appear to be the more efficient at promoting trust between different vaccine beliefs. We have produced a table describing the discursive variables underlying the aesthetic rhetoric of the discourse on vaccination according to the ethics of Care and Justice. We believe that these ethics could reduce anxiety and promote recognition of opinion diversity on this subject, and therefore act towards a more favorable and shared information reception on the HPV vaccine. Finally, we have described what could be a general method for experimental studies in the field of media, information and communication when risk is at stake. Such a method could provide media emitters with an operating mode to capture, characterize, analyze, and experiment discursive modalities in their field of intervention or investigation
Bereterbide, France. « Recherche clinique et "double standard éthique" dans les pays du Sud : enjeu des processus de discussion dans les prises de décisions collectives et individuelles ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T105.
Texte intégralNumber of “ethical scandals” have punctuated the news of clinical research in developing countries. Given this fact, it seems that the founding principles of the ethics’ biomedical research accepted and promulgated by declarations and international conferences are not enough to protect the volunteers participating in clinical trials in South’s countries. Out of context enabling their strengthening, ethical principles require adaptation. If each new scandal shows how any shift in regulatory frameworks may carry unacceptable abuses, these principles are nevertheless found challenged by South’s economic, state of health and social organizations. The concept of “double standard ethics” describes the twin dangers to which the biomedical research ethics faces. Indeed, biomedical research is captive to a form of imperialism of principles and values, or devoted to moral relativism. The first alternative seems to lead inexorably to the cessation of clinical research in developing countries do not allow the strict application of the standards that govern the North. The second appears to lead to the acceptance of irresponsible and unregulated clinical trials.Given this situation, the question arises whether this alternative may be exceeded in order to assume a research ethics in the South at once universal and unique. The exploration of this issue will redefine ethics as a process of discussion and priorization of universal principles guided by an understanding of situations always singular. From this point of view, the adaptation of “internationalist conceptions” of research ethics to unique contexts appear not as an external necessity but as a duty inherent in the nature of the ethical aim. Moreover, questions asked by the contexts of the South’s countries to the ethics’ clinical research will serve as a contributing developer to show the merits of a challenge to normative interpretations of its principles, including in North’s countries
Tiet, Tuyen Tong. « Individual incentive and pro-environmental behaviors : the role of networks ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAB013.
Texte intégralThe fundamental issue faced by both economist and environmentalist scholars is how to adequately promote individual pro-environmental behaviors (i.e., motivating people to either protect their local surrounding environment or fight against global climate change). In this sense, a variety of theoretical and empirical studies has been developed to explain how monetary (e.g., tax, subsidy, etc.) as well as social incentives (e.g., social influence, norms, etc.) could help to motivate individuals to behave toward environmental sustainability. In a today world of social relationship, everyone is linked to a social network (e.g., a network of family, friends, relatives, neighbors, co-workers, etc.). Since individuals are linked to each other, peer influence could be used to motivate individuals to perform a target behavior (Thaler, 2008). It is therefore crucial to understand how social incentives (e.g., social norms, social comparison, nudges, etc.) and network structure could help to promote and sustain individuals' pro-environmental behaviors. In this perceptive, this dissertation contributes to the analysis of the role of network and its impact on pro-environmental behaviors in a theoretical and experimental way. [...]
Debue, Anne-Sophie. « Un autre regard : enjeux de la participation infirmière durant les décisions de limitations et d'arrêts de traitements en réanimation ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASK006.
Texte intégralEnd-of-life decision-making in the Intensive Care Units (I.C.U.) is often a source of dissatisfaction, moral distress & conflict among critical care workers. In this work, we focused on the French legal concept of “collegial procedure”, which is supposed to apply to end of life decision making and requires nurses participation. First, we studied the decisional processes and found they followed 5 steps : 1) Triggers for questioning the ongoing project, 2) Shared questioning, 3) Organization of a team meeting, 4) Informing the patient & his/her relatives, & 5) implementation of the final decision. We focused on variations for each of these steps and tried to understand barriers to a fruitful & satisfying collaborativeness. In a second part of this work, we tried to understand the specificities nurses may add to those end-of-life decision-making processes. We found that nurses are experts on the patient’s body & lived body (how does she/he inhabits her/his body in health but when dealing with illness). We used J.Lawler concept of somology. The third part of this work deals with the narrative work ICU caregivers manage around their unconscious patients, especially in the context of changes in the therapeutic project. This PhD thesis, hopefully, focuses on three aspects of a classical topic that are seldomly studied and provide new tools to think and improve overall satisfaction around end of life decision-making