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1
Ravenna, Federico. The European Monetary Union as a commitment device for new EU member states. [Vienna:] : Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2005.
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Aizer, Anna. Love, hate and murder : Commitment devices in violent relationships. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Aizer, Anna. Love, hate and murder : Commitment devices in violent relationships. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Mody, Ashoka. Catalyzing capital flows : Do IMF-supported programs work as commitment devices. [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 2003.
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Tomlinson, Jim. Search for policy devices : Fulfilling the commitment of the 1944 White Paper on employment policy. Uxbridge, Middx : Department of Economics, Brunel University, 1985.
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Kast, Felipe Jose. Under-savers anonymous : Evidence on self-help groups and peer pressure as a savings commitments device. [Boston] : Harvard Business School, 2011.
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Graham, Christopher D. Investigating the psychology of assistive device use in ALS : Suggestions for improving adherence and engagement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0012.
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In ALS, assistive devices—such as wheelchairs, augmentative, and alternative communication devices (AAC) and environmental controls—are often used to compensate for the functional impairments caused by the condition. These devices may help maintain meaningful functioning and help preserve quality of life. Yet adherence to and uptake of such devices is sub-optimal. Drawing on the literature from ALS and other diseases, this chapters explores the psychosocial challenges of assistive device use, and factors that might affect usage—cognitive impairment and mood, threats to identity, social context, illness adjustment/acceptance, and the desire to maintain control over one’s health care. Methods that clinicians can use to intervene to improve non-adherence are then suggested—bio-psychosocial assessment (formulation) informed by cognitive and mood screens, voice-banking for appropriate accents in AAC devices, increasing illness acceptance via counselling, or acceptance and commitment therapy, and empathetic clinician-facilitated discussions with patient-significant other dyads and families.
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Mody, Ashoka, et Diego Saravia. Catalyzing Capital Flows : Do Imf-Supported Programs Work As Commitment Devices ? International Monetary Fund, 2003.
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Mody, Ashoka, et Diego Saravia. Catalyzing Capital Flows : Do Imf-Supported Programs Work As Commitment Devices ? International Monetary Fund, 2003.
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Mody, Ashoka, et Diego Saravia. Catalyzing Capital Flows : Do Imf-Supported Programs Work as Commitment Devices ? International Monetary Fund, 2003.
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María Valenzuela, José, et Isabel Studer. Climate Change Policy and Power Sector Reform in Mexico under the Golden Age of Gas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0021.
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Mexico’s low-carbon technology perspectives show lack of coherence with the rising ambition in climate change commitments, for which Mexico is internationally praised. The comparison of two recent energy reforms, corresponding to two administrations, explains this lack of coherence by, on the one hand, the permanence of a strong climate institutional framework devised as a means to increase energy security and, on the other hand, the political commitment to reduce electricity tariffs through the access to low-priced gas in North America. The chapter underscores the political economy trade-offs between the need for a strong climate commitment that provides a stable long-term energy transition pathway and the political and economic short-term benefits derived from low electricity tariffs.
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Rushton, Cynda Hylton. Integrity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619268.003.0005.
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Integrity or moral wholeness is the foundation of moral resilience. Integrity arises when intentions, words, thoughts, and actions align and there is fidelity in adherence to ethical commitments, norms, and conscience. It includes a robust notion of moral agency that includes considerations of the congruence of intentions, character, choices, behavior, and actions as well as responsibility for them. It requires a well-honed conscience; moral sensitivity, perception, and imagination; self-regulatory capacities; ongoing reflection to evaluate one’s intentions, motivations, and actions; cognitive judgment; the ability to devise reasonable solutions to internal conflicts; and steadfast commitment to responsibly enact considered decisions. Clinicians have dual obligations to those they serve and to themselves. Personal and relational integrity are fundamental considerations for clinicians. This dynamic interplay requires attunement to the issues of personal and relational integrity that are at play in clinical practice, including relationships with patients, families, colleagues, leaders, organizations, and the broader society.
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Jay, Gregory S. Desegregating Liberalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687229.003.0005.
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Lillian Smith, born in the American South, became a leading critic of white supremacy and segregation in the years from the 1920s to the 1960s. Her essays and most famous novel were radical challenges to the Jim Crow system and notable for their feminist critique of patriarchal gender norms. The chapter traces Smith’s development as an activist and writer, examines the literary devices she uses in her writing to educate readers, and considers her lasting impact on race studies and women’s studies. An analysis of her bestselling novel, Strange Fruit, demonstrates Smith’s commitment to exposing how racism and repressive sexual mores distort the lives of its major protagonists. Examination of the two editions of her major work, Killers of the Dream, shows how its autobiographical and pedagogical devices further develop the formal characteristics of liberal race fiction.
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Frank, Berman, et Bentley David. Book VII Treaties and Treaty-Making, 33 Treaties and other International Instruments—III Pact, Act, Modus Vivendi , Declaration, Exchange of Notes, Memorandum of Understanding. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0033.
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This chapter continues the typology of treaties begun in the previous chapter. ‘Pacts’ in an international context refer to formal agreements between States. ‘Act’ meanwhile constitutes a piece of international law-making and may embody the decisive terms of the treaty complex. ‘Modus vivendi’ is used for a temporary or provisional agreement. ‘Declarations’ may be defined under the general heading of ‘unilateral acts’. The treaty concluded in the form of an Exchange of Notes or letters is the most frequently used device for formally recording the agreement of two governments upon all kinds of transactions. An MOU records international ‘commitments’, but in a form and with wording which expresses an intention that it is not to be legally binding. Finally, the term ‘Final Act’ is normally used to designate a document recording the formal summary of the proceedings and outcome of an international conference.
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Di Bella, Stefano. Some Perspectives on Leibniz’s Nominalism and Its Sources. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608040.003.0009.
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The chapter considers the presence of nominalist motives in the development of Leibniz’s logical and ontological thought. The discussion begins with Leibniz’s Preface to his reedition of the work of the Renaissance nominalist Nizolius, and emphasizes Leibniz’s acceptance of antirealistic assumptions, his balancing of them with Platonic elements, and his rejection of Hobbes’s conventionalist implications. There is also a consideration of the deflationary treatment of abstract terms that Leibniz offers as part of his program of providing ontological clarification by way of semantic analysis. Leibniz applies an analysis of abstract talk stemming from Hobbes, with the aim of availing himself of the resources of certain expressive devices in logical and scientific language, while avoiding realistic commitments. Leibniz’s final profession of a “precautionary nominalism” confirms his preference for ontological economy, but also leaves unresolved some problems in his “austere” account of the ontology of predication and change.
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Speller, Ian. Ireland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0019.
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This chapter explores the evolution of Irish defence policy from the end of the cold war through to 2017. It provides an analysis of national strategy, military doctrine, and force structures and reveals how these have evolved to meet new challenges and opportunities. The chapter explains how successive governments have sought to balance a reluctance to devote significant resources to defence and the desire to maintain the longs-tanding tradition of neutrality with a commitment to international engagement through the UN and active participation in a number of UN peacekeeping missions overseas. It also examines how the relationship with NATO and the EU has evolved. The chapter explores changes to the role and structure of the Defence Forces since the 1990s and concludes with an examination of existing policy and future challenges in the aftermath of the 2015 defence review.
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Mathews, Jud. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682910.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces readers to the horizontal effect of rights and why it matters. It explains how horizontal effect doctrines define some of the key commitments of the legal systems that produce them. The chapter also introduces the three legal systems that are the subject of the book, Germany, the United States, and Canada, and lays out the basic structure of the case studies. For each, the focus is on three things in particular: a court’s initial moves to apply rights horizontally, the doctrinal structures the court devises to manage the horizontal effect of rights, and the broader consequences these choices have on governance, in interaction with the moves made by other actors and institutions. Applying rights horizontally has the potential to empower courts, but a mix of variables shape the consequences of any such move. The chapter previews the patterns that the case studies reveal.
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Anderson, Greg. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0001.
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The book’s point of departure is Dipesh Chakrabarty’s (2000) claim that the analytical tools of our mainstream historicism are irredeemably Eurocentrist, thereby causing us to lose the experiences of non-western peoples in translation. It aims to build on this postcolonial critique of historicism in three ways. First, our conventional historicist devices are not just Eurocentrist but essentially modernist. They cause us to lose in translation the experiences of all non-modern peoples, non-western and western alike. Second, this modernism is problematic specifically because it authorizes us to align non-modern realities with our own peculiarly modern ontological commitments, fundamentally altering the contents of those realities in the process. Third, to produce histories that are more ethically defensible, philosophically robust, and historically meaningful, we need to take an ontological turn in our practice. We need to analyse each non-modern lifeworld on its own ontological terms, in its own metaphysical conjuncture, according to its own particular standards of truth and realness. To support these three claims, the book uses the proverbially western lifeworld of classical Athens (ca. 480-320 BC) as its primary case study.
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Albert, Richard, et Richard Stacey, dir. The Limits and Legitimacy of Referendums. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867647.001.0001.
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This innovative and timely book explores how referendums manage the tension between liberalism and democracy, and whether this decision-making device holds promise for reconciling these two commitments. Featuring an outstanding cast of scholars from around the world, the contributors expose how referendums may be abused on one hand to achieve short-term political or even personal gains, and how, on the other, they may aspire to reflect the best traditions of deliberative, inclusive, democracy-enhancing popular choice. The possibility of democracy-enhancing uses and anti-democratic abuses of referendums reveals a paradox: mechanisms of democracy can be exploited to do violence to the basic principles of democracy. We seek in this book to identify standards we might use to assess the democratic legitimacy of a referendum when we cannot rely on the norms of traditional liberal democracy. Structured around three big questions, this book seeks to identify what makes a referendum legitimate. First, why have referendums on issues of fundamental political importance become so frequent around the world? Second, who are—or who should be—the people that make decisions about a political community’s future? And third, are referendums an effective and reliable mechanism of popular sovereignty or democratic choice? Written for scholars, public lawyers, political actors and citizens, this book brings together diverse perspectives on referendums, constitutionalism, liberalism and democracy in ways that challenge the conventional wisdom, prompt new answers to enduring questions, and urge reconsideration of how we evaluate the legitimacy of referendums.
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Predelli, Stefano. Fictional Discourse. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854128.001.0001.
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This book defends a Radical Fictionalist Semantics for fictional discourse. Focusing on proper names as prototypical devices of reference, it argues that fictional names are only fictionally proper names, and that, as a result, fictional sentences do not encode propositions. According to Radical Fictionalism, the contentful outcomes achieved by fiction are derived from the outcomes of so-called impartation, that is, from the effects achieved by the use of language. As a result, Radical Fictionalism pays special attention to fictional telling and to related themes in narrative fiction. In particular, the book proposes a Radical Fictionalist approach to the distinction between homodiegetic and heterodiegetic fiction, and to the divide between storyworlds and narrative peripheries. These ideas are then applied to the discussion of classic themes in the philosophy of fiction, including narrative time, literary translation, storyworld importation, fictional languages, inconsistent fictions, nested narratives, and narrative closure. Particular attention is also given to the commitments of Radical Fictionalism when it comes to discourse about fiction, as in prefixed sentences of the form ‘according to fiction F, … ’. In its final two chapters, the book extends Radical Fictionalism to critical discourse. In Chapter 7 it introduces the ideas of critical and biased retelling, and in Chapter 8 it pauses on the relationships between Radical Fictionalism and talk about literary characters.
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Cappelen, Herman. Fixing Language. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814719.001.0001.
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Fixing Language is a book about ways in which language (and other representational devices) can be defective and improved. In all parts of philosophy there are philosophers who criticize the concepts we have and propose ways to improve them. Once one notices this about philosophy, it’s easy to see that revisionist projects occur in a range of other intellectual disciplines and in ordinary life. That fact gives rise to a cluster of questions: How does the process of conceptual amelioration work? What are the limits of revision (how much revision is too much)? How does the process of revision fit into an overall theory of language and communication? This book is an effort to answer those questions. In so doing, it is also an attempt to draw attention to a tradition in twentieth- and twenty-first-century philosophy that isn’t sufficiently recognized as a unified tradition. There’s a straight intellectual line from Frege (e.g. of the Begriffsschrift) and Carnap to a cluster of contemporary work that isn’t typically seen as closely related: much work on gender and race, revisionism about truth, revisionists about moral language, and revisionists in metaphysics and philosophy of mind. These views all have common core commitments: revision is both possible and important. They also face common challenges: how is amelioration done, what assumptions need to be made, e.g., about the nature of concepts, and what are the limits of revision?
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Anderson, Greg. The Realness of Things Past. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The book proposes a new paradigm of historical practice. It questions the way we conventionally historicize the experiences of non-modern peoples, western and non-western, and makes a case for an alternative. It shows how our standard analytical devices impose modern, dualist metaphysical conditions upon all non-modern realities, thereby authorizing us to align those realities with our own modern ontological commitments, fundamentally altering their contents in the process. The net result is a practice that homogenizes the past’s many different ways of being human. To produce histories that are more ethically defensible, more philosophically robust, and more historically meaningful, we need to take an ontological turn in our practice. We need to cultivate a non-dualist historicism that will allow us to analyse each past reality on its own ontological terms, as a more or less autonomous world unto itself. The work is divided into three parts. To highlight the limitations of conventional historicist analysis and the need for an alternative, Part One (chapters 1-5) critically scrutinizes our standard modern accounts of the politeia (“way of life”) of classical Athens, the book’s primary case study. Part Two (chapters 6-9) draws on a wide range of historical, ethnographic, and theoretical literatures to frame ethical and philosophical mandates for the proposed ontological turn. To illustrate the historical benefits of this alternative paradigm, Part Three (chapters 10-16) then shows how it allows us to produce an entirely new and more meaningful account of the Athenian politeia. The book is expressly written to be accessible to a non-specialist, cross-disciplinary readership.
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Westwood, Guy. The Rhetoric of the Past in Demosthenes and Aeschines. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857037.001.0001.
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This work examines how politicians in late classical Athens made persuasive use of the city’s past when addressing mass citizen audiences, especially in the law courts and Assembly. It focuses on Demosthenes and Aeschines—both prominent statesmen, and bitter rivals—as its case-study orators. Recent scholarly treatments of how the Athenians remembered their past tend to concentrate on collective processes; to complement these, this work looks at the rhetorical strategies devised by individual orators, examining what it meant for Demosthenes or Aeschines to present particular ‘historical’ examples (or paradigms/paradeigmata), arguments, and illustrations in particular contexts. It argues that discussing the Athenian past—and therefore a core aspect of Athenian identity itself—offered Demosthenes and Aeschines (and others) an effective and versatile means both of building and highlighting their own credibility, authority, and commitment to the democracy and its values, and of competing with their rivals, whose own versions and handling of the past they could challenge and undermine as a symbolic attack on those rivals’ wider competence. Recourse to versions of the past also offered orators a way of reflecting on a troubled contemporary geopolitical landscape where Athens first confronted the enterprising Philip II of Macedon and then coped with Macedonian hegemony. The work, which covers all of Demosthenes’ and Aeschines’ surviving public oratory, is constructed round a series of detailed readings of individual speeches and sets of speeches (Chapters 2 to 6), while Chapter 1 offers a series of synoptic surveys of individual topics which inform the main discussion.
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Tolstoy, Leo. The Devil and Other Stories. Sous la direction de Richard F. Gustafson. Traduit par Louise and Aylmer Maude. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199553990.001.0001.
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‘It is impossible to explain why Yevgeny chose Liza Annenskaya, as it is always impossible to explain why a man chooses this and not that woman.’ This collection of eleven stories spans virtually the whole of Tolstoy's creative life. While each is unique in form, as a group they are representative of his style, and touch on the central themes that surface in War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Stories as different as 'The Snowstorm', 'Lucerne', 'The Diary of a Madman', and 'The Devil' are grounded in autobiographical experience. They deal with journeys of self-discovery and the moral and religious questioning that characterizes Tolstoy's works of criticism and philosophy. 'Strider' and 'Father Sergy', as well as reflecting Tolstoy's own experiences, also reveal profound psychological insights. These stories range over much of the Russian world of the nineteenth century, from the nobility to the peasantry, the military to the clergy, from merchants and cobblers to a horse and a tree. Together they present a fascinating picture of Tolstoy's skill and artistry. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
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Sheedy, Matt, dir. Identity, Politics and the Study of Islam : Current Dilemmas in the Study of Religions. Equinox Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781781797136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based partly on a series of posts coming out of the Bulletin for the Study of Religion blog, this volume includes greatly expanded essays by Ruth Mas, Sarah Imhoff and James Crossley as well as new pieces by Devin Stewart, Carlos Segovia, Alexandre Caeiro and Emmanuelle Stefanidis, Russell McCutcheon and Salman Sayyid. This volume, thus, brings together a variety of scholars both inside and outside of Islamic Studies in order to grapple with such questions as: what, if anything, is unique about Islamic Studies? How should Islamic studies as religious studies engage with postcolonial critique? What is the role of identity politics in such endeavors? What are the lines between descriptive (hermeneutic) work and theoretical explanations of Islamic texts? What can scholars in related areas, such as the study of Judaism and early Christianity, offer to this conversation by way of analogy? Can ethical, political, or theological concerns function critically to help theorize Islam? The volume is divided into four sections: Theory and Identity Politics in the Study of Islam, which looks at the role of identity, knowledge production, and political commitments among scholars of Islam; Critique and Identity in Qur’anic Studies, which deals with challenges in applying critical-historical methods to the study of the Qur’an and how these methods relate to some of the issues raised Omid Safi and Aaron Hughes; Comparative Views from Outside Islamic Studies, which provides a comparative view of how scholars have dealt with similar concerns in the study of Judaism and Christianity; and A Critical Appraisal, which offers a direct challenge to Safi and Hughes.