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1
Wetterer, James Kelly. « Geographic Spread of Solenopsis globularia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ». Sociobiology 66, no 2 (20 août 2019) : 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.4333.
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Several species of Solenopsis have spread beyond their native ranges and have become exotic pests, most notably Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) and Solenopsis invicta Buren. Here, I examine the geographic spread of a smaller, less conspicuous Solenopsis species, Solenopsis globularia (Smith). I compiled S. globularia specimen records from >700 sites. I documented the earliest known S. globularia records for 59 geographic areas (countries, US states, and major West Indian islands), including many for which I found no previously published records: Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Barbuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Congo, Curaçao, Dominica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St Kitts, St Martin, San Andrés Island, Senegal, Tobago, and Trinidad. Solenopsis globularia has a broad distribution in the New World, from Corrientes, Argentina (28.4°S) in the south to Craven County, North Carolina (35.1°N) in the north. Most S. globularia records came from islands. It is unclear whether S. globularia is native throughout its New World range. For example, it is possible that this species is exotic to the Galapagos Islands. All populations of S. globularia outside the New World are probably exotic, introduced through human commerce, including populations on Atlantic islands (Ascension, Cabo Verde, St Helena), Pacific islands (Hawaii, French Polynesia, Philippines), and Africa (Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal). On the Cabo Verde islands, off the coast of West Africa, S. globularia is extremely widespread on all nine inhabited islands. Records from nine diverse sites in Ivory Coast indicates that S. globularia is well able to spread in continental Africa as well.
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Martínez, Julia. « ‘Unwanted Scraps’ or ‘An Alert, Resolute, Resentful People’ ? Chinese Railroad Workers in French Congo ». International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017) : 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000296.
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AbstractIn the late 1920s, the colonial government of French Equatorial Africa decided to employ Chinese workers to complete their railway line. The employment of Chinese indentured labor had already become the subject of considerable international criticism. The Chinese government was concerned that the French could not guarantee worker health and safety and denied their application. However, the recruitment went ahead with the help of the government of French Indochina. This article explores the nature of Chinese worker protest during their time in Africa and their struggle against French notions of what constituted appropriate treatment of so-called “coolie” labor.
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Njoh, Ambe J. « The segregated city in British and French colonial Africa ». Race & ; Class 49, no 4 (avril 2008) : 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968080490040602.
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A number of different techniques and rationales were used by the French and British colonial authorities to racially segregate cities in Africa - from the use of planning by-laws requiring European building materials, to the requiring of fluency in European languages in specific areas of towns. Here, the ways in which town planning policies were used to segregate cities in Madagascar, Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Nigeria are considered.
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Issie, Franchel Mbon. « Regulation of the Financial System in the Republic of Congo ». Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan 8, no 2 (7 décembre 2023) : 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v8i2.47074.
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After the 2008 subprime crisis, financial institutions in the Congo (Brazzaville) underwent a series of significant adjustments and reforms in line with their regulatory traditions of systemically important financial institutions, the evolution of the regulatory system, and the country’s financial development needs. This paper needs to analyze and study financial regulation in the Republic of Congo. This paper mainly analyzes the current situation of the financial regulatory system of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), finds the problems in the financial regulatory system, collects accessible financial data and financial indicators, and constructs the financial regulatory system of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) with principal component analysis. This paper uses the GARCH-CoVaR model to assess the contribution of banks’ systemic risk in Congo Brazzaville. Then, it constructs a risk assessment system for Congo based on the indicator method. The results show that banks’ systemic risk is not limited to the systemic risk of individual banks. The systemic risk of banks in the Republic of Congo mainly originates from six major banks: the Central Bank of the State of Congo, the Bank of Congo, the Bank of Commerce and Credit of Congo, the Savings Bank of Congo, the Central Bank for the Development of Central African States, the Central Bank of Africa, and the Central Bank of Africa.
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MASSALA DILUKA, Frederik. « Regulation of Electronic Commerce in Africa : Current State (in French) ». Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 5, no 6 (9 janvier 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jflcl.2019.6.5.
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Cornille, Jean-Louis, et Julie Ramilison. « Céline au Congo ». Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 54, no 1 (24 mars 2017) : 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tvl.v.54i1.8.
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If Louis-Ferdinand Céline au Congo influence on 20th century French literature is widely acknowledged, one is less aware of the influence left by his Journey to the end of the night on contemporary postcolonial Francophone Literature. In spite of the racist nature of his ideology, Célines profoundly "oralized" body of works showed the way to later generations on how to combine the written and the spoken word - a question which is at the core of contemporary francophone literature, as produced in Africa and in the Caribbean Islands. This is why writers such as Patrick Chamoiseau and Alain Mabanckou secretly refer to Céline; but in the case of Mabanckou we would argue that his interest for Céline has been sparked by readings of his compatriot and fellow writer, Daniel Biyaoula who blatantly made use of Journey to the end of the night to structure his novels.
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de Vries, Lotje, et Joseph Mangarella. « Workshop Report : Tracing Legacies of Violence in French Equatorial Africa ». Africa Spectrum 54, no 2 (août 2019) : 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719872073.
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This report offers an account of an international workshop held at the Omar Bongo University in Libreville, Gabon, from 23 November to 27 November 2018. Bringing together specialists on and from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, participants reflected on the ways in which different forms of violence have historically had – and continue to have – an impact on social fabrics and several dimensions of politics. The workshop also sought to relate these legacies of violence to the region’s economies of extraction. The region is confronted with social and political turmoil that receives little international attention. The combination of simmering and open instability and the relatively marginal position of the region vis-à-vis the wider continent risks propelling several countries into outright political strife with regional repercussions. The debates concluded that further thinking on how violence permeates every aspect of social and political life is much needed.
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Cumming, Gordon D. « Burying the hatchet ? Britain and France in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no 4 (9 novembre 2011) : 547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000474.
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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of conflict in the Great Lakes Region, the UK and France promised, at their 1998 Saint-Malo summit, to set aside rivalries and cooperate on Africa. In subsequent Anglo-French gatherings, they singled out the DRC and pledged to work together there to promote peace and tackle poverty. This article asks whether this coordination took place and whether it involved a ‘deconflictualisation’ of approaches, ‘coincidental’ cooperation, or ‘sustained and reciprocal’ collaboration. It looks for evidence of institutionalisation of UK-French ties and policy cooperation in the fields of peacebuilding and poverty reduction. It then identifies the pressures for, and barriers to, collaboration, focusing particularly on the role of interests, foreign policy norms, institutional factors and resource constraints. It concludes by setting out the wider implications of UK-French cooperation and the limited prospects of closer future collaboration.
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Sah, Zéphirin, et Raymond Menga-Poaty. « Memory and likeness of Fulbert Youlou (1947-1963) ». International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, no 1 (26 janvier 2023) : 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i1.203.
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Under the colonial period, certain leaders of sub-Saharan Africa having received intellectual training gradually asserted themselves in the political arena. Among this elite, one of the emblematic figures is Abbé Fulbert Youlou, one of the fathers of the independence of the Congo between 1960 and 1963. He belongs to the Kongo ethnic group whose members were under French colonization, the head poster of the intellectual elite known as "the evolved" prepared to succeed the colonizer. This study displays the portrait of this character who marked the history of the young Republic of Congo. The duty of remembrance demands it from us especially on the eve of the celebrations linked to the 60 years of independence of the Congo.
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Wynchank, Anny. « Perception of the relationship France–Africa by André Gide and Camara Laye ». Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no 1 (9 novembre 2017) : 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i1.3475.
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André Gide, the French traveller, went to Congo and Chad in 1925, on an official mission. He noted his impressions in his journal, published later under two titles: Voyage au Congo (Voyage to the Congo) and Retour du Tchad (Return from Chad). He expressed delight at the flora and fauna but presented the Africans as primitive beings, without spiritual or cultural values. His travels turned into a humanitarian quest when he witnessed the treatment inflicted on the natives by employees of the monopolistic rubber companies. The dilettante and aesthete Gide became a man committed to a struggle to improve the life of Africans in these regions. The publication of his books, and of articles describing the situations, had important positive consequences. Thirty years after Gide, a Guinean writer, Camara Laye dismantled the clichés attached to these supposedly “primitive barbarians”. He offers another picture of the Africans and of Africa in his novel, le Regard du Roi (The Radiance of the King, 1954). The hero is a troubled Frenchman travelling in Africa. Camara inverted the roles traditionally attributed to Europe and Africa. The crossing of various regions is presented as initiatory tests which bring about the hero’s palingenesis. Camara shows that a spiritual Africa brought peace and salvation to the Frenchman. The article will contrast these perceptions.
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F.R.S., G. A. Boulenger. « A List of the Snakes of West Africa, from Mauritania to the French Congo ». Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 89, no 3-4 (21 août 2009) : 267–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1919.tb02123.x.
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Lersy, François, et Thibault Willaume. « A French case of porocephalosis diagnosed by radiologists ». Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no 09 (30 septembre 2020) : 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12693.
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Porocephalosis is the name given to human infection by Armillifer, which is rare, especially in European and North American populations. Among the few cases reported to date, most of them were described in the African community. Humans can become infected, for example, consuming undercooked meat from infected snakes. Herein we report the case of a 31-year-old male, originally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who was living in France for many years and presented with lower back pain and mild abdominal pain. Imaging showed multiple comma-shaped calcifications disseminated in the liver and the peritoneal cavity, without any additional feature. The patient reported regular consumption of snake meat during his travels in Africa, and thus the diagnosis of porocephalosis could be made. Doctors treating patients from endemic areas or traveling in endemic areas, particularly in Africa, should become familiar with this infection and consider it in the case of multiple calcifications on imaging. More cases of porocephalosis are likely to be seen in the future because of the increase in international travel.
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Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. « Access to Higher Education in French Africa South of the Sahara ». Social Sciences 10, no 5 (17 mai 2021) : 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050173.
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This article examines the evolution of the educational situation in French West Africa (FWA) and French Equatorial Africa (FEA) from the onset of colonization until independence. Our central theme is the tragic deprivation endured by the public school system, especially in FEA, which handed over primary education to Catholic missions and slowed down secondary education; in FWA, only one university was belatedly created in Senegal (1958). The education of girls remained non-existent. The article is based upon a large number of mostly unpublished doctoral works, a handful of published studies, and half a century of personal inquiries, conducted mainly in Gabon, Congo and Senegal. This paper establishes a connection between the lack of political skills based upon Western standards of the colonized peoples on the eve of independence to the training of their civil servants which was drastically limited to secondary school education and the major hurdles involved in obtaining French nationality except for the residents of the Four Communes of Senegal. At the time of independence, only a few thousand colonized people had reached the level of university that was being established in the early 1950s; even fewer received scholarships to study in France. This shortage of trained personnel in administration and education required massive recourse to French “coopérants”, whose presence would only gradually diminish from the 1970s.
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ROBERTS, T. W. « REPUBLICANISM, RAILWAY IMPERIALISM, AND THE FRENCH EMPIRE IN AFRICA, 1879–1889 ». Historical Journal 54, no 2 (11 mai 2011) : 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000070.
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ABSTRACTThis article questions accepted views of French expansion as a largely autonomous process, reflecting new attitudes towards Africa among policy-makers. It argues that the African railway schemes of 1879 were the outcome of an understanding between powerful railway interests and mainstream elements of the newly victorious republican parties. The ambitions of the railway companies were restricted in scope, however, being confined mainly to existing French possessions, while their sponsorship of imperial expansion was little more than a tactical expedient. It was only when the opportunities created for expansion were taken up by locally based pressure-groups or became caught up in international rivalries that empire began to take root in the Soudan and the Congo. By the time the anti-colonial reaction of the mid-1880s took hold, railway imperialism, a product of the short-lived economic boom, had already run its course. Government now had an opportunity and an incentive to put its imperial house in order. Nevertheless, the resulting equilibrium remained vulnerable to a re-emergence of the forces that had first set France on the road to empire in tropical Africa.
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Ann Benjamin, Carrie. « ‘Exotic commerce’, French universalism, and the disruption of white space in Paris’s ‘Little Africa’ ». Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 21, no 3 (1 septembre 2018) : 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgn2018.3.003.benj.
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Sanko, Hélène. « Considering Molière in Oyônô-Mbia's Three Suitors : One Husband ». Theatre Research International 21, no 3 (1996) : 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015352.
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Juxtaposed these quotations, which are separated by three centuries and two continents, suggest that seventeenth-century classical French drama serves as a model for African theatre of the early post-colonial period. The first quotation is, of course, from Moliere, the Old Regime's brilliant comic writer. The second is taken from a play by Oyônô-Mbia, a contemporary dramatist from Cameroon. Given the powerful grip France held over its colonies, it is not surprising to find residual influence of France's theatrical culture on African drama. By the end of World War One, French authority in sub-Saharan Africa extended from Cape Verde to the Congo river. The Third Republic established French schools in the larger colonial towns which attracted the children of well-to-do urban families. France therefore held strong political and cultural sway over the development of African leaders and writers.
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Ovendale, Ritchie. « Macmillan and the wind of change in Africa, 1957–1960 ». Historical Journal 38, no 2 (juin 1995) : 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00019506.
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ABSTRACTBased on the recently released documents in the Public Record Office, London, this article is concerned with examining the reasons behind the shift in the British approach towards decolonization in Africa signalled by Macmillan's ‘wind of change’ speech to the South African parliament on 3 February 1960. The documents suggest that the British decision to abdicate in Africa was partly due to international considerations, and to Cold War politics and the need to prevent Soviet penetration in Africa. The change from ‘multi-racialism’ to ‘non-racialism’ can be attributed to the influence of the commonwealth relations office under Lord Home, and an initiative from the leader of the Africa Capricorn society, David Stirling. The emphasis on the need for Britain to pursue the same policy in all of Africa can also be traced to the commonwealth relations office. Macmillan, himself was influenced by the ‘moral’ aspect, by the policies pursued by the Belgians in the Congo, but above all by the failure of French policy in Algeria.
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Spencer, Steven. « “Our Foreign Field” : records of the Salvation Army in Africa ». African Research & ; Documentation 122 (2013) : 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00024225.
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In the autumn and winter of 1954 Commissioner John Allan, the second-incommand of the Salvation Army, visited Africa and travelled through those countries where The Salvation Army was then established: Kenya, Rhodesia, South Africa, Nigeria, the Gold Coast, French Equatorial Africa and the Belgian Congo. During his visit he met tribal and national leaders including, on 11 November 1954 in the Gold Coast, Kwame Nkrumah in his Presidential Office, where Commissioner Allan “asked God to guide Nkrumah as he controls the destiny of his people”.When an account of the tour was written up for publication in 1955, the article began as follows:Nowadays Africa is a continent where something dramatic is always happening. One part or another is constantly in the public eye. Here and there a new order is in course of being established and, as one competent authority has stated, tomorrow's headlines are certain to come out of the Dark Continent.
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Gulliver, Katrina. « Gabrielle Vassal (1880–1959) : collecting specimens in Indochina for the British Museum (Natural History), 1900–1915 ». Archives of Natural History 47, no 1 (avril 2020) : 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0619.
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Gabrielle Maud Vassal and her husband Joseph Marguerite Jean-Baptiste Vassal, a physician in the French Colonial Service, supplied bird and mammal specimens from French Indochina and later from French colonies in Africa (Gabon, Congo) to the British Museum (Natural History) between 1900 and 1930. Gabrielle Vassal was a keen naturalist and an engaging correspondent, and many of her letters are preserved. The couple moved to Indochina (Vietnam) in 1904, and this paper focuses on her time there prior to the First World War, and how she built a relationship, both professional and personal, with staff of the Museum. Her main correspondents at that time were William Robert Ogilvie-Grant and Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas. As a woman collector, she was unusual – especially for operating in French territory and sending specimens to a British museum. Her specimens included several newly-discovered species, and a number were named after her, including Nomascus gabriellae, and her husband. She became a successful photographer, public speaker and author, recounting her travels and experiences.
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Kouya, Hortense Kouya. « The Congolese Government and its Performance in Cultural and Political Matters : 1960-2021, Assessment and Perspectives ». International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 40, no 2 (30 septembre 2023) : 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v40.2.5410.
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The sixties were marked by independence in Africa. During this period, several events took place. The original institutions have been confirmed. A French-speaking space was created: the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, which later became the IOF. The latter is nowadays equipped with several structures of which the Congo has been a member since 1981. This gathering of French-speaking countries on a cultural basis has imposed the establishment of a rule of law in the various member countries. In its space, the OIF promotes the values of democracy, human rights and sustainable development. Political and cultural issues have been major concerns within the OIF. The qualitative and quantitative transformation of human resources remains essential to the development of the country. Concerning the political domain, since 1991, the Republic of Congo has been engaged in a transition towards multiparty democracy and a market economy. This transition was compromised during the 1990s by the succession of civil conflicts, to a large extent between militias of different ethnicities. The country only emerged from civil wars in 2000, when it began the process of reconciliation and reconstruction, a process well advanced but still unfinished. These two sectors require the establishment of viable strategies for greater success.
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LYNN OSBORN, EMILY. « ‘RUBBER FEVER’, COMMERCE AND FRENCH COLONIAL RULE IN UPPER GUINÉE, 1890–1913 ». Journal of African History 45, no 3 (novembre 2004) : 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853704009867.
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This article examines the trade in wild rubber that emerged in Upper Guinée, in the colony of Guinée Française, at the end of the nineteenth century. Guinée's rubber boom went through two phases. The first, from the 1880s to 1901, was dominated by local collectors and Muslim traders who directed the trade to the British port of Freetown, Sierra Leone. In the second phase, 1901–13, expatriate merchant houses entered the long-distance trade and, with the help of the colonial state, reoriented the commerce to Conakry, port city and capital of Guinée. The Guinée case offers an alternative perspective to that provided by the better studied rubber markets of Central Africa and South America, and contributes to scholarly debates about export economies, colonial rule and social change. In Guinée, local production and commercial networks maintained significant influence in the market throughout the rubber boom, thwarting colonial efforts to control the trade. The colonial state proved particularly challenged by the practice of rubber adulteration, whereby local collectors and traders corrupted rubber with foreign objects to increase its weight. While the trade exposes the limits of colonial power, rubber also played a largely overlooked role in the social and economic transformations of the period. Evidence suggests that profits from the rubber trade enabled peasants, escaped slaves and former masters to alter their circumstances, accumulate wealth and rebuild homes and communities destroyed during the preceding era of warfare and upheaval.
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Kouya, Hortense Kouya. « The Contribution of The Organization of La Francophonie (OIF) in Political Matters in The Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2021 ». Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 3, no 2 (10 février 2024) : 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i2.256.
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The 1960s witnessed the wave of independence in Africa, shaping the course of history and leading to the confirmation of original institutions. Notably, a French-speaking space emerged during this era, giving rise to the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, later evolving into the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF). Since 1981, the Congo has been an active member of the OIF, contributing to the cultural and political dimensions of this francophone alliance. This research delves into the collaboration between the OIF and the Congo from 1981 to 2016, spanning crucial periods in both entities' histories. Focusing on cultural and political realms, the study explores the promotion of democracy, human rights, and sustainable development within the OIF space. Education, training, and scientific research take precedence in the cultural domain, reflecting their pivotal role in societal development. In the political arena, the Republic of Congo embarked on a challenging journey toward multiparty democracy and a market economy since 1991, marked by civil conflicts and ethnic tensions. The country's transition continued into the 2000s, emphasizing reconciliation and reconstruction. Both cultural and political sectors demand strategic approaches for sustainable success in the ever-evolving landscape of international cooperation
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Záhořík, Jan. « Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa in a broader socio-political perspective ». Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 11, no 2 (1 janvier 2010) : 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2010.3646.
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Charles University This study deals with language policies in Africa with a special focus on multi-ethnic and multi-lingual states including Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Democratic Republic of Congo. The study will thus examine relations between state and minorities, the status of major and marginalized languages, the roles of European languages in politics as well as theoretical frameworks. Sub-Saharan Africa has undergone a remarkable process from linguistic imperialism to linguistic pluralism and revivalism. Until the 1960s the superior position of the European languages (English, French, and Portuguese) was evident, but after the Africanization of politics and society in many African countries, a strong accent on linguistic emancipation was initiated. Nowadays, many African countries follow the principle of linguistic pluralism where several languages enjoy the same rights and space in the media, administrative, education, etc. This study will discuss some important case studies and their specific language policies.
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Bohorquez, J., et Maximiliano Menz. « State Contractors and Global Brokers : The Itinerary of Two Lisbon Merchants and the Transatlantic Slave Trade during the Eighteenth Century ». Itinerario 42, no 3 (décembre 2018) : 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115318000608.
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The Portuguese Empire was the stage for one of the largest movements of enslaved people during early modern times. Almost two millions enslaved humans were violently carried from Africa in Portuguese vessels in the eighteenth century alone. Yet, in contrast to British or French slave traders based in Europe, for which a vast literature is available, little is known about the Lisbon traders. This paper aims at filling this gap by paying attention to the trajectory of two Lisbon slave traders: Domingos Dias da Silva and José António Pereira. In recounting their biographies and their business in Africa, Brazil, and Asia, we draw attention to the active role Lisbon-based slave traders played in the financing, organisation, and carrying of slave traffic, as well as the different institutional conditions they confronted when profiting from the commerce in humans. Domingos Dias da Silva became a key state contractor in spite of his poor origins, while Pereira featured as a global broker, connecting different markets in four continents. These two agents and their diverse characteristics help shed light on the slave trade, the context in which it expanded, and on the people who conducted this infamous commerce.
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BERNAULT, FLORENCE. « The Congo. By RANDALL FEGLEY. (World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 162.) Oxford, Santa Barbara and Denver : Clio Press, 1993. Pp. 1 + 168. £30 (ISBN 1-85109-199-8). » Journal of African History 38, no 1 (mars 1997) : 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796656904.
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Randall Fegley's bibliographical compilation is clearly not among the best of the World Bibliographical Series. The objective of the collection is to present a solid guide of the country to the non-specialist, and compared to other volumes in the series, Fegley's work lacks polish and perspective. The volume is marked by spelling errors. Accents in French names and titles are most often ignored. Important authors' names are misspelled: Gilles Sautter becomes ‘Giles’ in the text and ‘Sautte’ in the index; Jean-Claude Willame becomes ‘Willaure’. Ironically, the listing of the latter's book, Patrimonialism and Change in the Congo, a political science essay on Zaïre, illustrates the mistake Fegley denounces in his preface (p. xiii) : most English-speaking readers confuse Zaïre and Congo. The well-known collection of essays edited by P. Gifford and W. R. Louis is wrongly entitled by Fegley as Transfers of Power in Africa, and presented as a single volume (p. 68). Some titles are also poorly categorized, like René Gauze's The Politics of Congo-Brazzaville. Gauze's 150-page text is devoted to Congolese politics during the colonial period, with a 50-page supplement on the decade 1962 to 1972 written by Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff. It is nevertheless classified only under ‘Post-colonial politics’ (p. 71). Jan Vansina's Paths in the Rainforest, best classified in pre-colonial history, is listed just once under ‘Politics, General’.
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Wimmler, Jutta. « Feudalism on the Loango Coast ? » Journal of Global Slavery 9, no 1-2 (29 avril 2024) : 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00901010.
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Abstract Louis de Grandpré’s book Voyage à la Côte Occidentale d’Afrique, published in 1801, is well-known to historians of Africa working on the eighteenth-century Loango Coast, located in the Cabinda province of Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In describing the laws and customs of the African societies in this region, de Grandpré invites the reader to imagine these societies as “feudal” in character and draws on the semantics of “slavery” in doing so. This article proposes that we need to place this text in the context in which it was written, namely the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. We also need to consider why the author published this book in the first place, in order to understand how the terms “slave” and “slavery” function in this text. The article argues that Louis de Grandpré used the feudal/slavery nexus consciously in order to provide a legitimizing framework for a possible French conquest, hoping to prove his own loyalty and usefulness to Napoleon.
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Buhendwa, Mulumeoderhwa, Yvonne Sliep, Gugu Gladness Mchunu et Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo. « Exploring the Influence of Social Capital on HIV Prevention with Migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Living in Durban, South Africa ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no 1 (29 décembre 2022) : 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010618.
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Research shows a growing attentiveness to the role of social and environmental influences on HIV risk behaviours. Moreover, the understanding of HIV risk behaviours has moved from an earlier consideration of individual risk, to ecological models, with the understanding that behaviours are rooted in the economic, environmental and social structure. Aim: To explore how social capital, specifically on a social bonding level, operates as a risk or protective factor for the spread of HIV among French-speaking migrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), living in Durban, South Africa. Methods: A qualitative approach using a case study design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected through focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of French-speaking migrants from DRC, living in Durban, South Africa. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Human and Social Science Research Ethics’ Committee. Data were analysed thematically using Creswell’s steps of data analysis. Results: This study found that social capital can act as both a protective factor in certain circumstances, and a risk factor in others. Trust, norms, reciprocity and social networks are complex elements in the refugee community and are influenced by a myriad of factors including the past and present stressors that are prevalent within this community. Conclusion: The findings confirm the complexity of issues related to HIV prevention which necessitate policy and practice interventions to mitigate consequences that may result from the higher risks of HIV transmission in this community.
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Meeuwis, Michael. « Taalstrijd in Afrika : Het taalwetsartikel in het koloniaal charter van 1908 en de strijd van de Vlamingen en Afrikaners voor het Nederlands in Afrika tot 1960 ». WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 75, no 1 (1 avril 2016) : 27–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v75i1.16392.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Het Koloniaal Charter, de organieke wet die in 1908 de overname van Congo door de Belgische staat uit de privé-handen van Koning Leopold II regelde, bevatte een artikel over taalrechten in de kolonie. Hoewel ook taalrechten voor de Congolezen erin vermeld werden, handelde het artikel in de eerste plaats over taalrechten voor de Belgische koloniserende minderheid. Het artikel is er gekomen op aandringen van enkele Vlaamse parlementsleden tijdens debatten gehouden in de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in de eerste helft van 1908. In deze bijdrage worden deze debatten besproken om zo de semantiek en taalideologische achtergronden van elk deel van het artikel van een historische verklaring te voorzien. Daarnaast wordt ook belicht hoe niet alleen in 1908 maar ook in de decennia erna (en tot aan de dekolonisatie in 1960), met name telkens wanneer Vlaamse politici de gebrekkige toepassing van het taalwetsartikel en de blijvende dominantie van het Frans in Belgisch-Congo aanklaagden, zij verwijzingen maakten naar de Afrikaners en het Afrikaans in Zuid-Afrika, om zo het argument kracht bij te zetten dat het Nederlands in heel Afrika onder de Sahara een taal van belang was of kon worden. Opmerkelijk is dat ook Zuid-Afrikaanse denkers en politici meermaals naar de aanwezigheid en het officiële statuut van het Nederlands in Belgisch-Congo verwezen, namelijk in hun strijd tegen de dominantie van het Engels tegenover het Nederlands/Afrikaans bij hen. Vanaf 1914 kwamen er bovendien rechtstreekse contacten tussen Vlaamse en Afrikaanse politici over deze materie. In een afsluitend deel wordt aangegeven hoe aan het eind van de Belgische kolonisatie de Congolese elite erg negatief reageerde op de Vlaamse eisen voor een tweetalige kolonie, omdat ze er een kolonialistische rem op hun kansen tot socio-economische emancipatie in zagen.___________
Language Struggle in Africa: The language law article in the Colonial Charter of 1908 and the fight of Flemings and Afrikaners for Dutch in Africa until 1960The Colonial Charter, the organic law that regulated the Belgian state’s takeover of Congo from the private ownership of King Leopold II in 1908, contained an article about language rights in the colony. While language rights for the Congolese were mentioned therein, the article primarily dealt with language rights for the colonizing Belgian minority. The article came about on the insistence of several Flemish members of parliament during debates held in the Chamber of Representatives in the first half of 1908. In this article, these debates are discussed in order to provide a historical explanation for the semantic and language-ideology background for each section of this article of the Charter. In addition, light will be shed on how not only in 1908, but also in the following decades (and until decolonization in 1960), particularly whenever Flemish politicians complained about the spotty application of the article and the continuing dominance of French in Belgian Congo, they pointed to the Afrikaners and Afrikaans in South Africa in order to make a strong argument that Dutch was, or could become, an important language in all of sub-Saharan Africa. Notably, South African thinkers and politicians also pointed out the presence and official status of Dutch in Belgian Congo on several occasions, namely in their own struggle against the domination of English over Dutch/Afrikaans. Moreover, from 1914 onward there were direct contacts between Flemish and Afrikaner politicians concerning this matter. The conclusion of this article suggests that in the last years of Belgian colonialism, the Congolese elite reacted quite negatively to Flemish demands for a bilingual colony because they saw in such demands a colonialist hindrance on their chances for socioeconomic emancipation.
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Siber, Mouloud. « Colonial Violence in French-Algeria and Leopold's Congo in Edmund Dene Morel’s King Leopold’s Rule in Africa (1904) and Henri Alleg’s La question (1958) ». Journal of English Language and Literature 4, no 1 (30 août 2015) : 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v4i1.78.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Relying on Frantz Fanon’s[3] notion of colonial violence and Hannah Arendt’s[2] theory of violence and its relation with power, this paper argued that Edmund Dene Morel’s King Leopold’s Rule in Africa (1904)[7] and Henri Alleg’s La question (1958)[1] hold similar views on European aggression in Africa. The two texts emphasise physical and psychological violence caused by Europeans on Algerians and Congolese. Physical violence takes the forms of torture, mutilation and the beating of “natives” by colonial agents or their mercenaries. Psychological one is embodied in terror and humiliation exercised on “natives.” Besides, the authors sustain that violence and torture cause the death of “natives,” either because of premeditated murder/ slaughter or due to their degraded physical condition after being tortured. Because this violence was premeditated, the authors contributed to raising it as an issue, or ‘une question’ in French, that needed the attention of metropolitan public opinion. Their efforts to denounce violence and aggression show that colonial power lies on false grounds.
30
Mark, Peter. « Towards a Reassessment of the Dating and the Geographical Origins of the Luso-African Ivories, Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries ». History in Africa 34 (2007) : 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fifty years ago, a group of 100 ivory carvings from West Africa was first identified by the English scholar William Fagg as constituting a coherent body of work. In making this important identification, Fagg proposed the descriptive label “Afro-Portuguese ivories.” Then, as now, the provenance and dating of these carved spoons, chalices (now recognized as salt cellars), horns, and small boxes posed a challenge to art historians. Fagg proposed three possible geographical origins: Sierra Leone, the Congo coast (Angola, ex-Zaïre), and the Yoruba-inhabited area of the old Slave Coast. Although Fagg was initially inclined on stylistic grounds to accept the Yoruba hypothesis, historical documents soon made it clear that the ivories—or at least many of them—were associated with Portuguese commerce in Sierra Leone. This trade developed in the final decades of the fifteenth century.Today approximately 150 works have been identified by scholars as belonging to the “corpus” of carved ivories from West Africa. Although the sobriquet “Afro-Portuguese” remains the most common appellation, these pieces should more appropriately be referred to as Luso-African ivories. The latter term more accurately reflects the objects' creation by West African sculptors who were working within Africa. The works, although hybrid in inspiration, are far more African than they are Portuguese. In addition, no documentary evidence exists to indicate that any of the ivories were carved by African artists living in Portugal. West African artists created the sculptures within the context of their own cultures.
31
Fishman, Laura. « Calude d'Abbeville and the Tupinamba : Problems and Goals of French Missionary Work in Early Seventeenth-Century Brazil ». Church History 58, no 1 (mars 1989) : 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167676.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Catholic church during the era of the Catholic Reformation experienced great vitality and vigor. Missionary activity was one of the clearest indications of this renewed spiritual energy. Simultaneously with Catholic revitalization there occurred the expansion of European commerce and colonization. In the wake of the Age of Discovery portions of Africa, Asia, and the New World became more accessible to Europeans. The Catholic church, by means of its religious orders, carried Christianity to the inhabitants of these regions. The drive and dedication which led to reform of the church within Europe also fueled an intense missionary commitment towards the people of other continents. The dedication and zeal of the regular clergy reflected the apostolic tradition within the church, but this older ideal was enhanced by a new spirit of expansionism. The Catholic religious orders shared the urge of many of their secular contemporaries to take advantage of new opportunities for growth overseas.
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O'Brien, Patrick Karl, et Leandro Prados de la Escosura. « Balance Sheets for the Acquisition, Retention and Loss of European Empires Overseas ». Itinerario 23, no 3-4 (novembre 1999) : 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300024542.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our essay will critically survey and attempt to offer an overall interpretation of a growing volume of publications by historians who have attempted to evaluate the costs and benefits for Europe's domestic economies flowing from some five centuries of involvement with empires overseas. That involvement began with the conquest of Ceuta by the Portuguese in 1417 and passed through two epochs: 1417-1825 and 1825-1974. After a first conjuncture marked by the French Revolution, a quarter of a century of global warfare and movements for independence in Southern America, Britain emerged as the hegemonic imperial power in Europe. Its major rivals for commerce and dominion in Africa, Asia and the Americas (Portugal, Spain, France and Holland) ceded control over parts of their possessions overseas to Britain or (in the cases of Spain and Portugal), lost sovereignty over their colonies in Latin America.
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Gasana, Janvier, et Antoine Hinson. « O-032 HYBRID LEARNING AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) CAPACITY BUILDING TO PROTECT THE AFRICAN WORKERS, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND THE HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY ». Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (1 juillet 2024) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0509.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Introduction Over the years, Africa including Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) witnessed serious negative occupational safety and health (OSH), environmental, and social effects due to lack of OHS expertise. e-Learning is now possible due to the increasing access to the internet through computers, laptops, and smartphones. Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite internet service has already connected several African Countries. Over the last 20 years, the University of Abomey-Calavi-Benin has been conducting OHS capacity building for 191 specialist physicians from 14 French-speaking African countries. Objective To use e-Learning to build OSH capacity (in French, English, and Portuguese) to address the negative impact of various workplace settings in Africa. Methods A systematic assessment with a focus on environmental impacts (air, water, soil), waste management, implementation of environmental control mitigation measures that was conducted on behalf of the World Bank in DRC led to the idea of building OHS capacity given the shortage of local and national OHS professionals. A successful funded 2-week online OSH capacity building training was conducted via Microsoft and Moodle for doctors, nurses, and safety engineers regarding raising OSH awareness during COVID-19 pandemic. Results In DRC, most of the samples of water, air, and soil exceeded international and national standards, hence the need for OHS capacity building. Discussion Trained OHS professionals will work with their government to make sure the business companies abide by their corporate social responsibility using the 3 p’s (people, planet, and profit) of sustainability/HSE (health safety and environment). Conclusion OSHAfrica and international OHS organizations have experts/consultants who will make the training possible.
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Nault, Derrick M. « “At the Bar of Public Sentiment” ». Left History : An Interdisciplinary Journal of Historical Inquiry and Debate 20, no 1 (11 février 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1913-9632.39455.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A key question in human rights history concerns when human rights originated. Common starting points include Greco-Roman civilization, the early eras of world religions, the French and American Revolutions, and the founding of the United Nations. Taking a very different approach, Moyn (2010) stresses that historians must distinguish between rights and human rights and determine when the former transitioned to the latter, suggesting that this shift took place in the 1970s. This paper agrees with Moyn’s idea that human rights require an international dimension that challenges state sovereignty from without, as opposed to rights and their restriction to the confines of the nation-state. However, it questions his periodization and historians’ tendency to view human rights as emerging in self-contained Western settings. It suggests instead that human rights originated as a concept in the 1890s in response to a crisis of colonial rule in Africa. Specifically, it posits that changing viewpoints of Africa and Africans within the international community made possible by atrocity tales concerning King Leopold II of Belgium’s Congo Free State commenced our human rights age. Birthed by the colonial encounter between Europe and Africa, human rights therefore represent more than the offspring of events, ideas or personalities in ancient or contemporary Western contexts but form part of a shared global heritage.
35
« Tilletia ayresii. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 1) (1 août 1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500630.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tilletia ayresii Berk. Hosts: Panicum maximum, Panicum spp., Setaria spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Cameroon, Congo (French Congo), Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali (French Sudan), Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire (Belgian Congo), Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Sri Lanka, CENTRAL AMERICA, Costa Rica, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Colombia.
36
Mankou, Brice Arsène. « VERQUIN : City of memory and Franco-Congolese friendship ». Cahiers du Cedimes, 2024, 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.69611/cahiers19-1-01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Brazzaville - capital of the AEF, (French Equatorial Africa included four French territories in Central Africa: Middle Congo (today Congo-Brazzaville), Gabon, Oubangui-Chari (today Central Africa) and Chad), Brazzaville was a strategic area and the city from which the first armed forces of Free France departed. It was still in Brazzaville that General de Gaulle launched his manifesto to constitute the defense council of the empire. It was in Brazzaville that the so-called Brazzaville conference was held, under the aegis of General de Gaulle, which made it possible to lay the foundations of the French Union. Finally, it was in Brazzaville that General de Gaulle delivered an important speech on autonomy, the self-determination of peoples, a speech which paved the way for decolonization and two years later for the independence of most French-speaking African countries. If we should recall a few dates, remember, simply that it was in Brazzaville during the Nazi occupation that Generalde Gaulle organized the resistance from this country which counts in the history of France.
37
« Praelongorthezia praelonga. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.June (1 août 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20193256152.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Praelongorthezia praelonga (Douglas). Hemiptera: Ortheziidae. Hosts: Citrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Reunion), North America (Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Maranhao, Para, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Galapagos Islands, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela).
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« Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April (1 août 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20163142770.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Bonder) Vauterin et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Host: cassava (Manihot esculenta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, India, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand), Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mayotte, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda), North America (Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Panama and Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Parana, Santa Catarina, Colombia, French Guiana and Venezuela) and Oceania (Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam and Palau).
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« Aleurothrixus floccosus. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No.December (1 août 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20203000831.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aleurothrixus floccosus Maskell. Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae. Hosts: many, but especially Citrus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Croatia, Cyprus, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Greece, Crete, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Montenegro, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain, UK, England and Wales), Asia (China, Hong Kong, Himachal Pradesh, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kyushu, Lebanon, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burundi, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, South Africa, St Helena, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Texas), Central America & Caribbean (Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Amazonas, Brazil, Bahia, Ceara, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela), Oceania (French Polynesia).
40
« Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 2) (1 août 1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500521.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis (Berthet & Bondar) Dye. Hosts: Cassava (Manihot esculenta). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Asia, India, Kerala, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Japan, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, North America, Mexico, Central America & West Indies, Cuba, Panama, Trinidad & Tobago, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Venezuela.
41
« Platypus parallelus. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, June (1 août 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp20056600486.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Platypus parallelus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Platypodidae]. Attacks newly felled logs of Terminalia, Spondias, Parkia and Albizia as well as cocoa and rubber. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, São, Tomé, & Principé, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, ASIA, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, NORTH AMERICA, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela.
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Fourié, Toscane, Guillaume André Durand, Franck Touret, Géraldine Piorkowski, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Xavier de Lamballerie, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart et Gilda Grard. « Molecular characterization of dengue virus serotype 1 infections in French travelers from Africa between 2013 and 2019 ». Frontiers in Virology 3 (20 avril 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fviro.2023.1124848.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV) infections in Africa are rarely reported. In this study, we report 18 DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) infections, diagnosed by the French National Reference Center for Arboviruses, in patients who had histories of recent travel in Africa. Our analyses revealed two cases, one from Niger in 2018 and one from the Republic of the Congo in 2016, where dengue fever had not been previously reported, and one case from Mauritania in 2015, where DENV-1 had not been previously reported. These cases support the reported spread of DENV outside its well-established tropical and subtropical environment toward the arid deserts of the Sahel. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that a single monophyletic DENV-1 lineage is currently in circulation in West Africa, having spread from East Africa after its original importation from Asia. Our study provides an improved understanding of DENV dynamics in Africa and underlines the importance of surveillance of travel-acquired infections.
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« Hemileia vastatrix. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 9) (1 août 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Broome Fungi: Basidiomycotina: Uredinales Hosts: Coffee (Coffea spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Pernambuco, Rondonia, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu.
44
« Puccinia polysora. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 6) (1 août 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500237.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia polysora Underw. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Agalega Island, Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea, French Equitorial Africa, French West Africa, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rodriguez Island, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Brunei, China, Hainan Island, Christmas Island, India, West Bengal & Sikkim, Karnataka, Indonesia, Celebes, Java, West Irian, Japan, Kampuchea, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Queensland, Cocos Island, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga Vanuatu, Western Samoa, North America, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachussetts, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, Central America & West Indies, Belize, Canal Zone, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, South America, Bolivia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Pennsylvania, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.
45
« Mycosyrinx cissi. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 1) (1 août 1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20056500661.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosyrinx cissi (DC.) G. Beck. Hosts: Cissus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, ASIA, India, Madras, Yemen, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Mexico, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Croix, St Thomas, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela.
46
« Hemileia vastatrix. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October (1 août 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20163365139.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Hemileia vastatrix Berk. and Broome. Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales. Hosts: Coffea spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawei, Sumatra, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam and Yemen), Africa (Angola, Benin, Burundi, cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama and Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Pernambuco, Rondonia, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela) and Oceania (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Vanuatu).
47
« Radopholus similis. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 1) (1 août 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500793.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae Hosts: Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus spp., other Rutaceae and many other crop plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Denmark, France, Mainland France, Germany, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Madeira, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, ASIA, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujian, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Yemen, AFRICA, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Guam, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.
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Capitanio, L., L. Josseran, S. Ratte et S. Gautier. « Impact of air pollution on mortality : geo-epidemiological study in French-speaking Africa ». European Journal of Public Health 33, Supplement_2 (1 octobre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.231.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract According to the WHO, air pollution is responsible for 90% of deaths in Africa. However, few data on exposure to air pollution is available, and studies are rare, particularly in French-speaking Africa. This study aims to investigate the impact of air pollution on mortality in 13 French-speaking African countries (Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tunisia). Using data from the IHME, annual concentrations of the PM2.5 pollutant from different cities were integrated into a spatial interpolation model (IDW) at the scale of each country. The interpolation was validated using cross-validation models. For each of the considered cardiorespiratory diseases (LRI, stroke, COPD, IHD), the attributable mortality fraction was estimated using literature data and population exposure calculated using demographic data from each country. Large variations in concentration between the 13 countries are observed, with concentrations ranging from 1.76µg/m3 in Morocco to 67.03µg/m3 in Benin. Concentrations are higher in West Africa than in Central or North Africa. In 2019, 291,417 deaths attributable to air pollution were recorded in the 13 countries: 19.7% for ischemic heart disease, 6.5% for lower respiratory infections, 3.6% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 18.8% for stroke. Our model allowed us to obtain a spatial distribution and the number of deaths related to air pollution. However, the health impact of pollution could be improved by more systematic and comprehensive data collection through a system for monitoring concentrations of atmospheric pollutants. Key messages • This study estimates the number of deaths attributable to air pollution in 13 French-speaking African countries using a spatial interpolation model. • This study highlights the need for more data on air pollution exposure in French-speaking Africa.
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« Mycosphaerella fijiensis. [Distribution map]. » Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no 5) (1 août 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500500.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet Fungi: Ascomycota: Mycosphaerellaies Hosts: Banana (Musa spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bhutan, China, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Maluku, Sumatra, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Amazonas, Para, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed, States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
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Pérez, J. M. « Leucocintractia scleriae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]. » IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no 153 (1 août 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401521.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A description is provided for Leucocintractia scleriae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Development of spikelets is prevented in infected plants. HOSTS: Rhynchospora corymbosa, R. gigantea and R. triflora (Cyperaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Congo, Zaire. NORTH AMERICA: Mexico. CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Cuba, Honduras, Puerto Rico. SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana [as British Guiana], Paraguay, Venezuela. ASIA: China (Taipei), India, Indonesia, Singapore, Taiwan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Queensland). TRANSMISSION: Not studied; probably by teliospores dispersed by wind and water.