Articles de revues : « Comma and full stop »

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Sain, Yuliyanah, Ervin Ervin et Sarjaniah Zur. « Young Adults’ Punctuation Error in Writing English Daily Story on Instagram ». IDEAS : Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 10, n^o 1 (30 juin 2022) : 682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2817.

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This research focuses on analyzing the young adult instagram users’ punctuation error on their instagram story. This present research uses qualitative design and the type is content analysis. The subjects of this research are taken from instagram users who belong to young adult instagram user and the researcher using snowball. This research employs documentation as the instrument of the study to collect the data. The findings of this research provided into 10 points; the researcher finds that there are 10 kinds of punctuation errors which are made by the young adult instagram users, they are (1) exclamation mark, (2) capital (capitalization), (3) period (full stop), (4) comma, (5) apostrophe, (6) question mark, (7) inverted comma (quotation mark), (8) ellipse, (9) hyphen, and (10) colon. The percentages of each error are exclamation mark 40.1%, capital (capitalization) 25.2%, period (full stop) 20.5%, comma 6.7%, apostrophe 2.3%, question mark 2.3%, inverted comma (quotation mark) 0.8%, hyphen 0.5%, colon 0.5%, and colon 0.2%. The findings of this study indicate that the most common punctuation error made by the young adult Instagram users was exclamation marks with a percentage of 40.1%.

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Maharani, Mega Mulianing, et Emy Sholikhatun. « Punctuation and Capitalization in Writing : How Do Students Produce Them ? » Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research 3, n^o 1 (31 juillet 2022) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jamr.3.1.53-61.

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This study aimed to know the way the students produce punctuation and capitalization in their writing of descriptive text. The students as the respondents of this study were 38 eleventh graders a certain senior high school in Semarang. They were given a descriptive text writing test. Their writing test result was the data of this present study. The data were analyzed by using the rule of punctuation and capitalization writing. The analyzed data were interpreted to get the final conclusion of the study. The results of the study were that the students� incorrect writing of punctuation was on comma, full stop and apostrophe, while for capitalization was on the first word of a sentence, the name of people, and the names of places. In short, the researchers classified the ways the students wrote descriptive text were incorrectly on comma, full stop, apostrophe, the first word of a sentence, the name of people, and the names of places.

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Amelia, Dea Rezky, Andi Tenri Ampa et Ilmiah Ilmiah. « AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF PUNCTUATION IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT SECOND GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 1 MAKASSAR ». EXPOSURE : JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS 7, n^o 1 (21 mai 2018) : 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/exposure.v7i1.1347.

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The research was aimed to find out the kinds of errors in the use of punctuation in narrative text at second grade of SMA Negeri 1 Makassar. The research focused on five punctuation, they are full stop, comma, question mark, exclamation point, and quotation mark. The method of this research was descriptive quantitative. The subjects of this research took 36 students from 4 classes, it used random sampling technique. The researcher used narrative text as instrument. From the result, there are some kinds of errors students made, they are Misordering, omission, and addition of punctuation. Omission of full stop was dominant error made by students that is 19.22%. In writing, punctuation is very important because it can make reader understand the meaning of writing.

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Nussbaum, G. « The Punctuation of Aeneid 1.1–7 ». Greece and Rome 33, n^o 2 (octobre 1986) : 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500030333.

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The Aeneid, like the Iliad, opens with a seven-line paragraph. The question arises: is this paragraph also a single sentence, consisting of the first three words arma uirumlque cano as main sentence, with all the rest forming one long relative clause of six and a half lines, introduced by qui in line 1, and organized round the one indicative verb apart from cano, namely, uenit in line 2? A glance at the editions confirms that we have a problem here. Everyone agrees on commas after cano, superum, iram, passus and of course on a full stop after Romae. The uncertainties arise after litora and after Latio. Whereas Sidgwick (1890) and Page (1894) put commas at both these points, Mynors (1969), followed both by Austin (1971) and R. D. Williams (1972) puts a comma after litora, but a semicolon after Latio, while Hirtzel (1900) puts a dash at both points. What difference does it make?

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Belousova, Anastasia, Juan Sebastián Páramo Rueda et Paula Ruiz Charris. « Rhythm, Syntax, Punctuation : A Distant Analysis of the European Sonnet ». Studia Metrica et Poetica 9, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2022.9.1.03.

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Elaborating on an analysis of a corpus of more than 1200 sonnets by Italian, French, Spanish, English and Russian authors, this article describes the general rhythmic-syntactic arrangement of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Italian sonnets, European Petrarchist sonnets, and several experiments with this form in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It presents results obtained with the help of a computer program developed for the automated analysis of strophic syntax. The program was created using Boris Tomashevsky’s method based on analyzing the punctuation at the end of poetic lines (the strength of the syntactic pause is evaluated depending on the absence or presence of a punctuation sign: i.e., a comma, a dash, a semicolon, or a full stop / question mark / exclamation mark). We supplemented this with two more indices also based on punctuation. The first characterizes the length of sentences (the percentage of sentences in one line, two lines, three lines, etc.), and the second characterizes the number of sentences that end with a full stop, which comes in the middle of a line followed by the beginning of the next sentence in the same line (or, which is the same, the number of such lines). This study demonstrates that both the number of lines with a strong pause in the middle and the number of short sentences have increased over time.

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Subekti, Nesa Amelia, Sumarwati Sumarwati et Raheni Suhita. « ANALISIS KESALAHAN STRUKTUR DAN PEMAKAIAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA TEKS PERSUASI KARANGAN SISWA KELAS 8 SMP DI SURAKARTA ». Basastra : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 8, n^o 2 (4 novembre 2020) : 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/basastra.v8i2.42731.

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The results shows that there are structure error and Indonesian language usage error on the persuasion text written by students at grade 8 of Junior High School in Surakarta. Those errors on the incomplete structure of persuasion text especially in the reaffirmation section. The Indonesian language usage errors include spelling error, diction error, and grammatical error. The most common errors of spelling comprises capital letters and punctuation marks usage particularly full stop and comma. The most-found errors of diction comprises improper diction selection and nonstandard diction. Grammatical error is mainly caused by ineffective sentence. Those errors are caused by some factors. The factors are (1) students do not understand the structure of persuasion text, (2) students have lack of spelling and diction knowledge, (3) the lack of examples given by teacher, (4) the lack of writing practice, and (5) student lack motivation within writing.

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Wang, Caiwen. « Decoding and encoding the discourse meaning of punctuation ». Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 64, n^o 2 (10 septembre 2018) : 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00032.wan.

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Abstract This exploratory research examines translation students’ use of punctuation, by applying Newmark’s (1988) classical idea of punctuation as a discourse unit for meaning demarcation. Data were collected from a group of 25 Chinese students studying specialised translation at a British university. The research focuses on the use of two punctuation marks in English: comma and period or full stop. The aim is to investigate how students of translation analyse the meaning of a source text with punctuation marks and how they subsequently convert this meaning into the target language again using punctuation marks. It is found that students generally do not automatically copy the punctuation marks of the source text into the translation. They will customize or modify the original punctuation marks according to their meaning analysis of the text and their knowledge of punctuation in source and target languages. Finally, we will discuss the implications of the research for translation education.

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Jannah, Azka Nidaul, et Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa. « Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa (Tulis) Pemelajar BIPA Level 7 dalam Pembuatan Karya Ilmiah ». MARDIBASA : Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, n^o 2 (24 décembre 2022) : 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/jpbsi.2022.2.2.134-142.

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This study aims to describe written language errors of level 7 BIPA students in writing scientific papers, including errors in (1) conjunctions, (2) capital letters, (3) puntuations, and (4) sentences structure. The data used in this study were three BIPA level 7 scientific papers. The method used was descriptive-qualitative. Data analysis was carried out by (1) note things that are aspects of language errors, (2) classify language errors into certain groups, and (3) describe those language errors. The result of the study show that in the scientific papers of BIPA level 7 students there are still many errors, including errors in using conjunctions at the beginning of sentences, inaccuracies in the use of capital letters which are often placed in the middle of sentences, inaccuracies in the use of comma and full stop punctuation, and sentence ineffectiveness triggered by structural interference sentences in foreign languages, redudant words, and incomplete sentence patterns.

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Hasyim, Sunardi, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin et Sumarni Hafid. « The Use of English Punctuation in Improving Students’ Writing Skills at The Sixth Semester of Letters of UMI Makassar ». Tamaddun 16, n^o 1 (15 juin 2017) : 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v16i1.50.

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The research entitled The use of English Punctuation in improving Students writing skills at the sixth semester of Faculty of Letters of UMI Makassar. This study aims to describe student`s error of using punctuation in English text. The study is conducted to students at the semester six of English Department. The researcher analyzed the error in the use of punctuation itself, because good punctuation is essential in clear and effective writing especially in academic writing. It was correlated to Jeremy’s theory (2004,p.49) stated that using punctuation correctly is one of the important skill in writing.. There are two problems of this study; how the students’ errors of using punctuation in English text are and what cause of error in using punctuation. The researcher used qualitative method in this study. Punctuation marks that are presented in this research are comma, full stop, hyphen, apostrophe, question mark, quotation mark, and exclamation mark. As a result, the researcher found that comma is most common error made by the English Department student during the sixth semester. In the data analysis, the writer described that the sixth Semester Students’ of the English Department have low achievement in using English Punctuation. The low achievement they have is primarily caused by their errors that are still made by students’ in using English Punctuation, they are also influenced by the following factors : 1. The students’ basic knowledge in using English punctuation is not sufficient, 2. The interest of the students’ in learning and doing the exercises of the use of English punctuation is low, and 3. The English punctuation is very complex and difficult to the students’.

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Patmawati, Patmawati, et Besse Wahida. « The Concept of Tawheed of Buginese People in the Ancient Manuscript Lontara Attorioloang Ri Wajo of West Kalimantan ». Al-Albab 7, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2018) : 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/alalbab.v7i2.1115.

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This paper discusses a tawheed concept of buginese people in the ancient manuscript, Lontara Attorioloang ri Wajo and focuses on the concept of al-uluhiyah and ar-rububiyah of Buginese people according to the manuscript. This work is based on research on manuscript through philology approach since Lontara Attorioloang ri Wajo is a handwriting manuscript written without punctuation (comma or full stop) and space. The concept of tawheed al-uluhiyah of buginese people in Lontara Attorioloang ri Wajo manuscript is shown in the form of testimony of the presence of Dewata Seuwwae or God the one; He begets not, nor was He begotten. The belief of the oneness of god is embodied in self-surrender and full obedience by performing worship qhairu mahda but not ibadah mahdah. This confession can be seen in 18 dialogues between Arung Matoa and an Arung from another place. The concept of tawheed ar-rububiyah in the manuscript is shown in the form of a belief that Dewata Seuwwae or the one God is a lord of the worlds; He determines all creatures’ destiny and prosperity. Further, the Buginese people’s belief in the oneness of God is shown by the agreement they have made, and Arung Matoa Toudamang’s message about how to behave toward god, other person, and nature. There are 8 dialogues in the form of agreement and pappaseng.

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Mulvey, Christopher. « The English Project's History of English Punctuation ». English Today 32, n^o 3 (27 avril 2016) : 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000110.

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The mission of the English Project (www.englishproject.org) is to explore and explain the English language in order to educate and entertain the English speaker, and 2015 was the year of punctuation for the Project because 6 February 2015 was the 500th anniversary of the death of Aldus Manutius. Aldus was a Venetian printer who shaped the comma, invented the semicolon and created italic fonts. He may have been the greatest punctuator of all time. We ‘punctuated’ the year by looking in turn at the full stop, the semicolon, the colon, the comma, the slash, the hyphen, the parenthesis, the exclamation, the apostrophe, the quotation mark and the question mark. Those twelve provide the fundamentals of English language punctuation, and all of them do more than one job. If we had a complete and unambiguous set of punctuation marks, we might need as many as 50, but the writing world does not want the trouble of such precision. In just same way, the writing world has never accepted the need for 44 separate letters to match the 44 separate sounds of the English language. Providing a separate grapheme (letter) for every phoneme (sound) is the linguist's business. Punctuation marks are ambiguous therefore. They suggest rather than define. They rely on context and the quick wittedness of the reader. If precision is needed, there are proofreader's marks. Merriam-Webster lists 42 of them, but proofreading is a special practice. Punctuation marks are a special set of symbols, and of symbols and signs there is no end. Punctuation marks are regularly appropriated by the devisers of computer languages. Punctuation marks can become logotypes – ‘a single piece of type that prints a word’. The exclamation mark can be made to work like &, $, or @. There are fuzzy edges to the subject of punctuation.

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Meirani, Nyi Raden Primawulan. « Analisis Kesalahan Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan dan Diksi pada Surat Kabar ». Diskursus : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 4, n^o 3 (30 décembre 2021) : 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/diskursus.v4i3.11289.

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<div>The objective of the study is to analyze the Enhanced Spelling System errors and dictions used in the April 2021 issue of the Radar Karawang and Pasundan Expres. The method used is a qualitative method with an analysis description technique. The sources of data in this study are words, phrases, and sentences that misrepresent aspects of spelling and diction. Research has found 121 errors in the Radar newspaper including 80 spelling errors and 41 diction errors and 138 errors in the Pasundan express newspapers including 88 spelling errors and 50 diction errors. Misspelling errors found in the two newspapers are capital writing, italic writing, preposition writing, derivative writing, composite writing of words, particles, full stop, comma, hypen, and colon. The diction errors of the two newspapers are the use of abstract, synonyms, eufeumism, uneconomical sentences, plural meanings, miscontextual, unregulated words, grammatical forms, and familiar or unusual words. The dominant form of error in the Radar newspaper, which has the spelling aspect, is that foreword writing amounts to 18 words or 22.5 % of all 80 words, and from the prediction of conformity 32 words or 78.04 percent of the total 41 words. The dominant form of error in the post and express newspaper is the use of a coma of 26 errors or 29.54 percent of the 88 total while of the diction aspect is consistent with 23 errors or 46 % of the total 50 words. Key words: improved spelling, diction, newspapers </div>

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Antić, Aleksandra. « The orthography of Resava in the Baranja Transcription of Dušan's Code ». Bastina, n^o 55 (2021) : 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-32839.

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The paper examines the characteristics of the orthography of Resava in the Baranja Transcription of Dušan's Code, created at the beginning of the 16th century. The research included the following features: the writing of the grapheme x, the writing of the grapheme Q at the etymological place, the use of the grapheme J in front of j, the use of the ligature ] to mark the initial group [ja] and the use of the grapheme a to mark the aforementioned group after a vowel, the use of the graphemes e and j to mark the group [je] in all positions in the word, the use of the Greek letters, the latest punctuation system, and, lastly, the writing of the accents and spiritus lenis. A significant number of examples confirmed the use of the grapheme Q at the etymological place, the use of the grapheme J to mark the so-called reduced i, the use of the grapheme a to write the group [ja] after a vowel, the use of the comma and the full stop on the line on the bottom, as well as the writing of the accents and spiritus lenis. The research has also shown that the grapheme x was written in an isolated example, that the group [je] was primarily written by using graphemes j and e, which is in accord with the orthography of Resava, and, finally, that the rare use of the Greek letters is related to the Greek words. Therefore, it was concluded that the norms of the orthography of Resava were not consistently implemented in the Baranja Transcription of Dušan's Code. The research also confirmed the coexistence of Raška and Resava orthographic norms in some cases.

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Wright, Gillian. « Full stop ». Nursing Standard 19, n^o 26 (9 mars 2005) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.19.26.17.s34.

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Grigoriev, N. D. « «SIMPLIFIEDLY STOP REMARKABLY STOP SENSITIVE STOP» ». World of Transport and Transportation 15, n^o 3 (28 juin 2017) : 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-3-24.

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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT Petr Nikolaevich Rybkin is «the first radio operator», «the grandfather of the Soviet radio operators», the closest colleague of Alexander Popov. It was Petr Rybkin who, in March 1896, with the help of the Morse code, transmitted the first radiogram in the world - «Henry Hertz». In May 1899, together with another assistant of Popov, D. S. Troitsky, he opened the possibility of perceiving radio signals with human ear. Based on this discovery, a radio receiver with a handset for receiving radio signals was developed. Keywords: audition of radio signals, wireless telegraph, electromagnetic waves, radio receiver, coherer, detection.

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Simont, Juliette. « Full stop. Pour José Kagabo ». Les Temps Modernes 686, n^o 5 (2015) : 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ltm.686.0096.

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Forsyth, L. « Too much OFSTED. Full stop. » Five to Eleven 3, n^o 11 (juin 2004) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ftoe.2004.3.11.6a.

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Abdurrahman, A., et M. Gassem. « Direct Derivation of the Comma 3-Vertex in the Full String Basis ». Journal of Modern Physics 10, n^o 10 (2019) : 1271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2019.1010085.

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Bakker, Christine A. E. « A Full Stop to Amnesty in Argentina ». Journal of International Criminal Justice 3, n^o 5 (1 novembre 2005) : 1106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqi078.

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Wilsonn, Clare. « Brains at full capacity stop noticing things ». New Scientist 239, n^o 3194 (septembre 2018) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)31601-4.

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Grounds, John, et James Griffiths. « NSPCC case study : brand-building FULL STOP ». International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 10, n^o 2 (2005) : 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.13.

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Mileh, I. Nengah. « PEMAKAIAN BAHASA INDONESIA (EJAAN) DALAM SURAT RESMI/DINAS KE LUAR DESA KESIMAN KERTALANGU KECAMATAN DENPASAR TIMUR DENPASAR ». KULTURISTIK : Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 2, n^o 1 (12 janvier 2018) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.2.2.726.

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[Title: The Use of Indonesian Language (Spelling) in the Official Outgoing Letters of Kesiman Kertalangu Village, district of Denpasar Timur, Denpasar]. The use of Indonesian language, especially the use of spelling in the official outgoing letters of Kesiman Kertalangu Village, district of Denpasar Timur, Denpasar, is still a lot of mistakes. In this research, the object of research is the spelling errors in Indonesian language. This research applied observation method and note-taking technique to collect the data, synchronic descriptive qualitative method was used to present the result of the analisis combined with inductive technique. In this research, some spelling errors were found. The errors found in the official outgoing letters of Kesiman Kertalangu village are error in using final stop (.), comma (,),hyphen (-), a slash (/), a colon (:), and error in using capital letters.

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Motwani, Mukta, Shweta Gupta, Neha Iyer, Nilufer Pajnigara et Trupti Sarda. « Popping pills - When to put a full stop ? » Journal of Advanced Clinical & ; Research Insights 2 (2015) : 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.91.

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Fairlie, R. « Best Practice : The NSPCC : The Full Stop Campaign ». Interactive Marketing 2, n^o 3 (1 janvier 2001) : 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.im.4340097.

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Shepherd, Elizabeth, Victoria Hoyle et Elizabeth Lomas. « Project MIRRA : Memory - Identity - Rights in Records - Access ». Comma 2020, n^o 1-2 (1 août 2021) : 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/comma.2020.6.

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Many people who grew up in care have gaps in their childhood memories and unanswered questions about their early lives. In the absence of family photos and stories they turn to records held by the local authorities and charities that looked after them. Accessing these records is a practically and emotionally challenging process. Response times are often long and the records received are redacted because they include confidential information about “third parties’” who are often family and carers. The language and ideas contained reflect the prejudices and assumptions of previous times. Some files are extremely long and confusing, whereas others only have a few pages to cover a whole childhood. Records may have been lost or destroyed altogether. Very few services are available to support people through the experience. MIRRA: Memory-Identity-Rights in Records-Access is a participatory action research project carried out at the Department of Information Studies at University College London since 2017 that explores these issues. It considered how child social care records have been created, kept and used in public and voluntary organizations in England from 1970 to the present. The research is co-produced with care leavers in partnership with The Care Leavers’ Association and reflects on how what it is recorded about a childhood can affect the individual concerned throughout their life. This article republishes edited blog posts produced during the research project. The original blogs in full are available at https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/mirra/.

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Robinson, D. N., et L. Cooley. « Examination of the function of two kelch proteins generated by stop codon suppression ». Development 124, n^o 7 (1 avril 1997) : 1405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.7.1405.

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The Drosophila kelch gene produces a single transcript with a UGA stop codon separating two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). From the transcript, 76 kDa ORF1 and 160 kDa full-length (ORF1 + ORF2) proteins are made. The expression of these two proteins is regulated in a tissue-specific manner causing the ratio of full-length to ORF1 protein to vary in different tissues. The only detected defect for kelch mutants is female sterility, and kelch protein is localized to the ovarian ring canals. kelch mutant ring canals are disorganized and have partly occluded lumens, causing a failure to transport cytoplasm. ORF1 and full-length kelch proteins co-sediment with ring canals suggesting that both proteins are found in the ring canals. Transgenetic analysis reveals that ORF1 kelch protein is sufficient to rescue ring canal morphology and fertility. In addition, we have mutated the UGA stop codon to a UAA stop codon and to three sense codons that allow constitutive readthrough. Analysis of these mutants reveals that a full-length kelch protein can partially compensate for the loss of endogenous kelch, but the residue included at the stop codon is critical for function. Finally, these studies suggest that the mechanism of stop codon suppression of kelch is by tRNA suppression.

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Nguyen, Trung Van, Prasad Balachandran, Neil G. Muggleton, Wei-Kuang Liang et Chi-Hung Juan. « Dynamical EEG Indices of Progressive Motor Inhibition and Error-Monitoring ». Brain Sciences 11, n^o 4 (9 avril 2021) : 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040478.

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Response inhibition has been widely explored using the stop signal paradigm in the laboratory setting. However, the mechanism that demarcates attentional capture from the motor inhibition process is still unclear. Error monitoring is also involved in the stop signal task. Error responses that do not complete, i.e., partial errors, may require different error monitoring mechanisms relative to an overt error. Thus, in this study, we included a “continue go” (Cont_Go) condition to the stop signal task to investigate the inhibitory control process. To establish the finer difference in error processing (partial vs. full unsuccessful stop (USST)), a grip-force device was used in tandem with electroencephalographic (EEG), and the time-frequency characteristics were computed with Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT). Relative to Cont_Go, HHT results reveal (1) an increased beta and low gamma power for successful stop trials, indicating an electrophysiological index of inhibitory control, (2) an enhanced theta and alpha power for full USST trials that may mirror error processing. Additionally, the higher theta and alpha power observed in partial over full USST trials around 100 ms before the response onset, indicating the early detection of error and the corresponding correction process. Together, this study extends our understanding of the finer motor inhibition control and its dynamic electrophysiological mechanisms.

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Xu, Xiaodong, Meizhu Pan, Haoyun Dai, Hui Zhang et Yiyi Lu. « How referential uncertainty is modulated by conjunctions : ERP evidence from advanced Chinese–English L2 learners and English L1 speakers ». Second Language Research 35, n^o 2 (8 février 2018) : 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658318756948.

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Conjunctions play a crucial role in the construction of a coherent mental representation by signaling coherence relations between clauses, especially for second language users. By using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study aimed to investigate how different conjunctions ( so, and, although, or a full stop) affect the interpretation of a following ambiguous pronoun for both native and non-native speakers, in sentences such as Lily disappointed Nina, so she …. ERP results showed that relative to so, and, and full stop sentences, the pronoun in although clauses elicited a larger Nref (sustained negativity) response in both native (L1) readers and second language (L2) readers, irrespective of whether the verb in the first clause biased towards a particular noun phrase (NP) referent. Moreover, larger Nrefs to pronouns were seen in L2 than L1 readers when clauses were connected by so, although or a full stop. Additionally, larger Nref responses were evoked by pronouns in NP2- than NP1-biased conditions when the clauses were connected by the conjunction so or when sentences contained no overt conjunctions ( full stop). These findings indicate that different conjunctions exert different modulating effects on resolving referential uncertainty/ambiguity. Relative to native speakers, non-native speakers are more likely to encounter referential uncertainty when the sentences are conjoined by conjunctions with more complex semantics.

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Trinkaus, John. « Stop Sign Compliance : A Final Look ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, n^o 1 (août 1997) : 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.217.

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A concluding study to a number of informal enquiries conducted over the years, on drivers' compliance with stop signs in a residential community, suggests that this traffic control device is now largely ignored by motorists. During a 17-yr. period full stops declined from about 37% to 1% and rolling stops from approximately 34% to 2%.

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Trinkaus, John. « Stop Sign Compliance : A Follow-up Look ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, n^o 3_suppl (juin 1993) : 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1218.

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Analysis of 324 observations at a previously studied intersection showed a continuing decrease in full stops ( n = 13) with increased rolling ( n = 19) and no stops ( n = 292), suggesting change in meaning of beliefs.

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Rataj, Michal. « Everyone can be composer today – full stop or question mark ? » Musicologica Brunensia, n^o 1 (2017) : 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mb2017-1-4.

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Le, Thanh Q., Frank Gross et Tim Harmon. « Safety Effects of Turning Movement Restrictions at Stop-Controlled Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, n^o 21 (28 septembre 2018) : 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796709.

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This study evaluates the safety effectiveness of physical right-in-right-out (RIRO) operations compared with full turning movements at stop-controlled intersections. Geometric, traffic, and crash data from California were obtained for urban, three-legged, stop-controlled intersections with full movement and RIRO operations, as well as the downstream four-legged, stop-controlled or signalized intersections with full movement. A cross-sectional analysis provided estimates of the effects of turning movement restrictions while controlling for other differences between sites with RIRO and full movement. The aggregate results indicate reductions in total, all intersection-related, and fatal and injury intersection-related crashes at intersections with RIRO operations compared with full movement, with estimated crash modification factors of 0.55, 0.32, and 0.20, respectively. The reductions are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level for all crash types. Based on the disaggregate results, it does not appear that RIRO operations have different effects for different levels of traffic, design speed, or number of lanes. The analysis also examined the potential for crash migration from intersections where RIRO is implemented to the downstream intersection when determining the net benefits. The results indicate potential crash increases at downstream intersections, but many of the increases are not statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Although the safety benefit-cost analysis suggests the strategy can be cost effective in reducing crashes at stop-controlled intersections, there is a need to analyze potential costs and benefits on a case-by-case basis with site-specific values.

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Matega, Teddy Habiragi, Yvette Ufoymungu Neema, Jean-Jeannot Syhalikyolo Juakali et Gédéon Bosunga Katenga. « Déclenchement spontané du travail d’accouchement sur une grossesse à terme d’un foetus anencéphale : une observation clinique inhabituelle ». Annales Africaines de Medecine 15, n^o 3 (4 juillet 2022) : e4719-e4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v15i3.9.

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Le stress foetal survenant au terme de la grossesse, lié au pic de production de la corticotropin releasing hormone, considérée comme l’horloge placentaire, est le déclencheur spontané du travail d’accouchement par stimulation de l’axe corticotrope. Ce mécanisme, cependant, par défait de synthèse de l’hormone adrénocorticotrope secondaire à l’aplasie hypothalamo-hypophysaire fait défaut chez le foetus anencéphale. En effet, l’anencéphalie s’accompagne presque toujours du dépassement de terme de la grossesse en absence de l’hydramnios. Par contre, associée à ce dernier, elle conduit à un accouchement prématuré. Nous rapportons un cas de déclenchement spontané du travail d’accouchement sur une grossesse de trente-huit semaines et un jour. La gestante avait une circulation veineuse collatérale au niveau de la paroi abdominale, la hauteur utérine était de 41 centimètres, l’échographie réalisée avait objectivé un foetus anencéphale associé à un polyhydramnios. Le nouveau-né était décédé sept minutes après l’accouchement. Ainsi, bien que très rare, l’anencéphalie associée au polyhydramnios peut atteindre le terme de la grossesse. L’échographie du deuxième trimestre devrait être réalisée chez toute les gestantes pour dépister cette malformation et arrêter l’évolution de la grossesse, car cette pathologie est incompatible avec la vie extra-utérine. English title: Spontaneous induction of labor in a full-term pregnancy of an anencephalic fetus: an unusual case report The fetal stress occurring at the end of pregnancy is linked to the peak of corticotropin-releasing hormone which is considered as the marker of placental clock. This stress is the spontaneous trigger of labor by stimulation of the corticotropic axis. In the anencephalic fetus, this mechanism is lacking due to the absence of synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary aplasia. In fact, anencephaly is almost always accompanied by the post-term pregnancy in the absence of hydramnios. However, when associated with hydramnios, it leads to premature delivery. We report a case of spontaneous induction of labor in pregnancy of thirty-eight weeks and one day. The pregnant woman had a collateral venous circulation in the abdominal wall, the uterine height was 41 centimeters, and the ultrasound scan showed an anencephalic fetus associated with polyhydramnios. The newborn died seven minutes after delivery. Therefore, although very rare, anencephaly associated with polyhydramnios can reach term. The second-trimester ultrasound should be performed in all pregnant women to detect this malformation and stop the evolution of the pregnancy because this pathology is incompatible with extrauterine life.

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Plummer, David M., Greg M. McFarquhar, Robert M. Rauber, Brian F. Jewett et David C. Leon. « Microphysical Properties of Convectively Generated Fall Streaks within the Stratiform Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones ». Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, n^o 6 (27 mai 2015) : 2465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0354.1.

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Abstract This paper presents analyses of the microphysical structure of comma head stratiform precipitation in 14 continental cyclones, focusing on fall streaks of hydrometeors produced by cloud-top convective generating cells. Data were obtained at temperatures between −4° and −45°C using in situ instrumentation and the W-band University of Wyoming Cloud Radar, all operated aboard the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130. Analyses are presented first for a case study of one cyclone, followed by statistical analyses of the full dataset. Using radar-based objective classifications, the statistical percentile number concentrations averaged 1.9 times larger within the fall streaks compared to the regions between them, and the corresponding ice water content and median mass diameter values averaged 2.2 and 1.1 times larger. Ice-phase conditions were predominant within the stratiform precipitation, with deposition and aggregation the primary ice growth mechanisms. No distinct vertical velocity signatures were associated with the fall streaks, and similar ice growth mechanisms were common within and between them. Combined with observations of cloud-top generating cells in many of the same cyclones, these analyses provide a more complete description of the comma head microphysical structure and the physical processes producing precipitation. Whereas the generating cells are critical to nucleation and initial ice growth, the majority of ice growth (exceeding 90% of the median ice water contents in the case study) typically occurred below the generating-cell level, where enhanced moisture associated with synoptic-scale ascent was present.

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Michorowska, Sylwia, Joanna Giebułtowicz, Renata Wolinowska, Anna Konopka, Anna Wilkaniec, Paweł Krajewski, Ewa Bulska et Piotr Wroczyński. « Detection of ALDH3B2 in Human Placenta ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 24 (13 décembre 2019) : 6292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246292.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3B2 (ALDH3B2) gene contains a premature termination codon, which can be skipped or suppressed resulting in full-length protein expression. Alternatively, the longest putative open reading frame starting with the second in-frame start codon would encode short isoform. No unequivocal evidence of ALDH3B2 expression in healthy human tissues is available. The aim of this study was to confirm its expression in human placenta characterized by the highest ALDH3B2 mRNA abundance. ALDH3B2 DNA and mRNA were sequenced. The expression was investigated using western blot. The identity of the protein was confirmed using mass spectrometry (MS). The predicted tertiary and quaternary structures, subcellular localization, and phosphorylation sites were assessed using bioinformatic analyses. All DNA and mRNA isolates contained the premature stop codon. In western blot analyses, bands corresponding to the mass of full-length protein were detected. MS analysis led to the identification of two unique peptides, one of which is encoded by the nucleotide sequence located upstream the second start codon. Bioinformatic analyses suggest cytoplasmic localization and several phosphorylation sites. Despite premature stop codon in DNA and mRNA sequences, full-length ALDH3B2 was found. It can be formed as a result of premature stop codon readthrough, complex phenomenon enabling stop codon circumvention.

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Belousova, Anastasia S. « Strophic macrosyntax : Ottava rima, terza rima, sonnet (Russia and Italy) ». Rhema, n^o 4, 2019 (2019) : 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2019-4-9-20.

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The article discusses the results obtained with the help of a computer program created for the automatic analysis of strophic syntax. The program was created using Boris Tomashevsky’s method, which is based on the analysis of punctuation at the end of the poetic lines (the strength of the syntactic pause is evaluated depending on the absence or presence of a punctuation sign: a comma, a dash, a semicolon or a full pause / question mark / exclamation mark). The application of this method to different types of poetic texts made it possible to describe general and unique trends, characterizing authors of different national traditions and periods. This result shows the necessity of a macrostudy that would include a larger number of strophic forms, texts and time periods.

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Tian, Xiao Dong, Bo Xuan Wei et Wei Ping Hu. « A Study of Clay Material Properties in Stop-Motion Animation ». Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (décembre 2011) : 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.34.

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Stop-motion animation is an ancient form of animation. After nearly a century of development, the material application of stop-motion animation becomes diversified. Currently, however, the well-known stop-motion animations are produced by clay materials. Clay materials play an important role in the application of stop-motion animation. Clay materials, because of its expressive ability demonstrated by its strong plasticity, enables the roles it has shaped lively and characteristic and the stop-motion animation to be full of affinity and vitality. This paper starts from the properties and material expressive ability of clay materials, combined with the short clay animation film named Daffodil to have a study and analysis of the vitality demonstrated by clay materials.

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Hayward, K. M., et Muljono. « The dental/alveolar contrast in Javanese ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 54, n^o 1 (février 1991) : 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00009642.

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The present paper describes a palatographic investigation of Javanese coronal stops. Javanese exhibits stop consonants at both dental and alveolar places of articulation. In the current roman orthography, the dentals are represented by the single letterst, d, while the alveolars are represented by the digraphsth, dh. Thus, for example,titik[titI?] ‘full stop’ contrasts withthithik[titI?] ‘a little’.

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Caduff, Carlo. « What Went Wrong : Corona and the World after the Full Stop ». Medical Anthropology Quarterly 34, n^o 4 (21 juillet 2020) : 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maq.12599.

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Yang, Wei Shu. « Study on the Texture of Materials in Stop Motion ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (octobre 2013) : 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.177.

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Stop motion is an animation form full of amusement, in todays animation industry we have profound 2D and 3D works been produced which lead the audience to an motion fatigue on these fictitious experiences, they tend to watch more vivid and authentic stop motion, why audiences are deeply attracted by characters made of various materials? And why stop motion can express a strong sense of authenticity? This essay will demonstrate the features of materials through the study on the texture and unfold the beauty of this material expression.

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Popov, Anton Nikolaevich, et Sergey Yuryevich Grishaev. « Safety of operation when motor vehicles stop at railway crossings in front of approaching train ». Transport of the Urals, n^o 1 (2020) : 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-1-39-42.

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The paper shows investigations of relationship between the length of approach sections of level crossing safety installation and braking distances of trains. It is established that the existing methods of calculating approach sections of automatic level crossing safety installation don’t guarantee, if necessary, a full stop of a train by braking before a crossing after it’s closure. The authors have formulated a condition when a train can be stopped before a closed crossing occupied by a motor vehicle. They have also carried out a verification of the existing automatic level crossing safety installation systems and established that such systems don’t comply the formulated condition, so the full stop of a train is not guaranteed. So, the authors have proposed measures on developing an algorithm of automatic level crossing safety installation operation for the control of automatic stop of a train before a crossing occupied by a motor vehicle. It is shown that the development of engineering is on a level sufficient for realization of this suggestions.

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May, Sylvia, et Andy McEwen. « Client Satisfaction With English Stop Smoking Services ». Journal of Smoking Cessation 6, n^o 1 (1 juin 2011) : 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.6.1.51.

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AbstractThis study reports client satisfaction in five UK National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSS) and examines the impact of satisfaction on outcome four weeks postquit. Six services were selected on the basis of perceived ability to run the study from a pool of 11 who responded to a mailshot to volunteer. Advisors made one of two satisfaction surveys available to their clients two weeks after quitting smoking. The two surveys were a ‘brief’ three-item survey and a ‘full’ survey containing those items plus 19 others about specific aspects of the service. There were two key items: how satisfied respondents were with the support they received to stop smoking and would they recommend the service to another smoker. Surveys were completed anonymously but had unique identification numbers so they could be linked to individual demographic and outcome data. Overall 10% (554/5520) of treated smokers in the services completed a survey, 7% (390/5520) completed the ‘full’ survey. Responses were a strong endorsement of the participating services, with 93% (505/542) satisfied or very satisfied with the service and 99% (548/552) prepared to recommend the service. The sample was unrepresentative of the population of treated smokers in terms of eligibility for free prescriptions, ethnicity, age, type of treatment experienced, the type of advisor seen, medication use and end of treatment outcome. Satisfaction at week two was not related to abstinence at four weeks postquit. Limitations of the study and suggestions for service delivery are discussed.

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Duff, Peter. « Chalmers to Cadder : Full Circle on Police Interrogation ? » Edinburgh Law Review 19, n^o 2 (mai 2015) : 186–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2015.0271.

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In this article, Peter Duff considers the issue of the stage at which otherwise unobjectionable police questioning of a witness or suspect must stop for reasons of the application of fundamental liberal principles, primarily the privilege against self-incrimination and the "equality of arms". The article examines the historical development of the law from the case of Chalmers v HMA, through the period of the Thomson Committee report, the case of Cadder v HMA, up to the present time.

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Jaafar, Fauziah Mohd, Houssam Attoui, Philippe de Micco et Xavier de Lamballerie. « Termination and read-through proteins encoded by genome segment 9 of Colorado tick fever virus ». Journal of General Virology 85, n^o 8 (1 août 2004) : 2237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80019-0.

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Genome segment 9 (Seg-9) of Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) is 1884 bp long and contains a large open reading frame (ORF; 1845 nt in length overall), although a single in-frame stop codon (at nt 1052–1054) reduces the ORF coding capacity by approximately 40 %. However, analyses of highly conserved RNA sequences in the vicinity of the stop codon indicate that it belongs to a class of ‘leaky terminators’. The third nucleotide positions in codons situated both before and after the stop codon, shows the highest variability, suggesting that both regions are translated during virus replication. This also suggests that the stop signal is functionally leaky, allowing read-through translation to occur. Indeed, both the truncated ‘termination’ protein and the full-length ‘read-through’ protein (VP9 and VP9′, respectively) were detected in CTFV-infected cells, in cells transfected with a plasmid expressing only Seg-9 protein products, and in the in vitro translation products from undenatured Seg-9 ssRNA. The ratios of full-length and truncated proteins generated suggest that read-through may be down-regulated by other viral proteins. Western blot analysis of infected cells and purified CTFV showed that VP9 is a structural component of the virion, while VP9′ is a non-structural protein.

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Fulton, Emily A., Katie Newby, Kayleigh Kwah, Lauren Schumacher, Kajal Gokal, Louise J. Jackson, Felix Naughton, Tim Coleman, Alun Owen et Katherine E. Brown. « A digital behaviour change intervention to increase booking and attendance at Stop Smoking Services : the MyWay feasibility RCT ». Public Health Research 9, n^o 5 (avril 2021) : 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr09050.

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Background Smoking remains a leading cause of illness and preventable death. NHS Stop Smoking Services increase quitting, but, as access is in decline, cost-effective interventions are needed that promote these services. StopApp™ (Coventry University, Coventry, UK) is designed to increase booking and attendance at Stop Smoking Services. Design A two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial of StopApp (intervention) compared with standard promotion and referral to Stop Smoking Services (control) was conducted to assess recruitment, attrition and health equity of the design, alongside health economic and qualitative process evaluations. Setting Smokers recruited via general practitioners, community settings and social media. Participants Smokers aged ≥ 16 years were recruited in one local authority. Participants had to live or work within the local authority area, and there was a recruitment target of 120 participants. Interventions StopApp to increase booking and attendance at Stop Smoking Services. Main outcome measures Participants completed baseline measures and follow-up at 2 months post randomisation entirely online. Objective data on the use of Stop Smoking Services were collected from participating Stop Smoking Services, and age groups, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status in baseline recruits and follow-up completers/non-completers were assessed for equity. Results Eligible participants (n = 123) were recruited over 116 days, with good representation of lower socioeconomic status groups; black, Asian and minority ethnic groups; and all age groups. Demographic profiles of follow-up completers and non-completers were broadly similar. The attrition rate was 51.2%, with loss to follow-up lowest in the social media setting (n = 24/61; 39.3%) and highest in the general practitioner setting (n = 21/26; 80.8%). Most measures had < 5% missing data. Social media represented the most effective and cost-efficient recruitment method. In a future, definitive, multisite trial with recruitment driven by social media, our data suggest that recruiting ≥ 1500 smokers over 12 months is feasible. Service data showed that five bookings for the Stop Smoking Services were scheduled using StopApp, of which two did not attend. Challenges with data access were identified. A further five participants in the intervention arm self-reported booking and accessing Stop Smoking Services outside StopApp compared with two control arm participants. Event rate calculations for the intervention were 8% (Stop Smoking Services data), 17% (including self-reports) and 3.5% from control arm self-reports. A conservative effect size of 6% is estimated for a definitive full trial. A sample size of 840 participants would be required to detect an effect for the primary outcome measure of booking a Stop Smoking Services appointment in a full randomised controlled trial. The process evaluation found that participants were satisfied with the research team contact, study methods and provision of e-vouchers. Staff interviews revealed positive and negative experiences of the trial and suggestions for improvements, including encouraging smokers to take part. Conclusion This feasibility randomised controlled trial found that, with recruitment driven wholly or mainly by social media, it is possible to recruit and retain sufficient smokers to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of StopApp. The study methods and measures were found to be acceptable and equitable, but accessing Stop Smoking Services data about booking, attendance and quit dates was a challenge. A full trial may be feasible if service data are accessible. This will require careful planning with data controllers and a targeted social media campaign for recruitment. Changes to some study measures are needed to avoid missing data, including implementation of a more intensive follow-up data collection process. Future work We plan a full, definitive randomised controlled trial if the concerns around data access can be resolved, with adaptations to the recruitment and retention strategy. Limitations Our trial had high attrition and problems with collecting Stop Smoking Services data, which resulted in a reliance on self-reporting. Trial registration Research Registry: 3995. The trial was registered on 18 April 2018. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 9, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Luo, Qin, et Wei Song. « Research on One-Stop and Full-Support Mode of Intellectual Property Transaction ». Open Journal of Social Sciences 05, n^o 06 (2017) : 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.56015.

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Dai, X., X. Zhang et X. Jin. « The partial and full rubbing of a flywheel rotor–bearing–stop system ». International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 43, n^o 2 (février 2001) : 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(99)00121-6.

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Lord, Revd Dr Andy. « Good News for All ? Reflections on the Pentecostal Full Gospel ». Transformation : An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 30, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378812468402.

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Pentecostals have a gospel to proclaim and yet in the rush to share don’t often stop to reflect on the nature of the gospel. This article reflects on the ‘Full gospel’ that is proclaimed by many within classical Pentecostalism, against historical and contemporary considerations. It suggests that there are limits to who the Full gospel is good news for, particularly given the diversity within pentecostalism.

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Mathew, Joseph L. « Steam inhalation in respiratory illnesses — full steam ahead or full stop ? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials ». Indian Pediatrics 47, n^o 12 (décembre 2010) : 1047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-010-0168-1.

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Hasan, Suriyati. « Business Registration through One Stop Integrated Services and Electronically Integrated Business Licensing (OSS) ». Meraja journal 2, n^o 3 (25 décembre 2019) : 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33080/mrj.v2i3.77.

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