Thèses sur le sujet « Comfor termico »
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MORRESI, NICOLE. « Sviluppo di un metodo innovativo per la misura del comfort termico attraverso il monitoraggio di parametri fisiologici e ambientali in ambienti indoor ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/295518.
Texte intégralMeasuring human thermal comfort in indoor environments is a topic of interest in the scientific community, since thermal comfort deeply affects the well-being of occupants and furthermore, to guarantee optimal comfort conditions, buildings must face high energy costs. Even if there are standards in the field of the ergonomics of the thermal environment that provide guidelines for thermal comfort assessment, it can happen that in real-world settings it is very difficult to obtain an accurate measurement. Therefore, to improve the measurement of thermal comfort of occupants in buildings, research is focusing on the assessment of personal and physiological parameters related to thermal comfort, to create environments carefully tailored to the occupant that lives in it. This thesis presents several contributions to this topic. In fact, in the following research work, a set of studies were implemented to develop and test measurement procedures capable of quantitatively assessing human thermal comfort, by means of environmental and physiological parameters, to capture peculiarities among different occupants. Firstly, it was conducted a study in a controlled climatic chamber with an invasive set of sensors used for measuring physiological parameters. The outcome of this research was helpful to achieve a first accuracy in the measurement of thermal comfort of 82%, obtained by training machine learning (ML) algorithms that provide the thermal sensation vote (TSV) by means of environmental quantities and heart rate variability (HRV), a parameter that literature has often reported being related to both users' thermal comfort. This research gives rise to a subsequent study in which thermal comfort assessment was made by using a minimally invasive smartwatch for collecting HRV. This second study consisted in varying the environmental conditions of a semi-controlled test-room, while participants could carry out light-office activities but in a limited way, i.e. avoiding the movements of the hand on which the smartwatch was worn as much as possible. With this experimental setup, it was possible to establish that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms (such as random forest or convolutional neural networks) and the heterogeneous dataset created by aggregating environmental and physiological parameters, can provide a measure of TSV with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.2 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 20%. In addition, by using of Monte Carlo Method (MCM), it was possible to compute the impact of the uncertainty of the input quantities on the computation of the TSV. The highest uncertainty was reached due to the air temperature uncertainty (U = 14%) and relative humidity (U = 10.5%). The last relevant contribution obtained with this research work concerns the measurement of thermal comfort in a real-life setting, semi-controlled environment, in which the participant was not forced to limit its movements. Skin temperature was included in the experimental set-up, to improve the measurement of TSV. The results showed that the inclusion of skin temperature for the creation of personalized models, made by using data coming from the single participant brings satisfactory results (MAE = 0.001±0.0003 and MAPE = 0.02%±0.09%). On the other hand, the more generalized approach, which consists in training the algorithms on the whole bunch of participants except one, and using the one left out for the test, provides slightly lower performances (MAE = 1±0.2 and MAPE = 25%±6%). This result highlights how in semi-controlled conditions, the prediction of TSV using skin temperature and HRV can be performed with acceptable accuracy.
Voltani, Eder Ricardo. « Avaliação do conforto termico em industrias de calçados ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257750.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Os métodos Predicted Mean Vote ¿ PMV e Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied ¿ PPD foram desenvolvidos por Ole Fanger e significaram um expressivo avanço nos estudos sobre avaliação de conforto térmico. No ano de 1984 estes métodos foram adotados pela International Organization for Standardization ¿ ISO como base da norma 7730. No entanto, diversas pesquisas foram realizadas com o objetivo de encontrar a sensação térmica para pessoas expostas a diferentes combinações das variáveis ambientais e pessoais, pois existiam alguns questionamentos a respeito da aplicabilidade desta norma em campo e para diferentes regiões climáticas. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo obter informações para a análise da aplicabilidade do modelo PMV/PPD da norma ISO 7730 (2005) como meio de avaliação do conforto térmico em ambientes de trabalhos industriais, onde a atividade seja leve ou moderada. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas indústrias de calçado feminino da região de Jaú, SP. Quanto à metodologia, foram obtidos os dados da temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade relativa do ar e temperatura radiante média, conforme recomendações da norma ISO 7726 (1998). O isolamento térmico das vestimentas e as taxas de metabolismo foram estimados por meio de valores referenciais de tabelas das normas ISO 9920 (1995) e ISO 8996 (1990), respectivamente. Para calcular os valores de PMV e PPD foi utilizado o Software Conforto 2.03. Os votos de Sensação e Preferência Térmica foram obtidos através de um questionário aplicado junto à população pesquisada. Com o desenvolvimento de análises de Regressão Simples e Probit, foi possível encontrar a zona de conforto térmico da população pesquisada, comparar a correlação, temperatura de neutralidade e a porcentagem de pessoas insatisfeitas entre os votos obtidos dos trabalhadores com os resultados dos cálculos do PMV/ PPD. Através de simulações foi possível identificar que a interpretação das atividades desenvolvidas, o tipo de questionário aplicado e o controle das respostas da população provocam desvios de 8%, 12% e 7,6%, respectivamente, nos resultados da correlação entre os votos das sensações térmicas e os resultados do calculo de PMV. Por meio da análise Probit dos votos de sensação e preferência térmica da população com 1,4 met foi possível obter a temperatura de neutralidade de 23,35 °C, com 84,5% da população em conforto térmico e 15,5% em desconforto térmico. Conforme cálculo de PMV, para as mesmas condições, a temperatura de neutralidade é 22,4 °C
Abstract: The methods Predicted Mean Vote ¿ PMV and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied ¿ PPD were developed by Ole Fanger and represent a meaningful advance in studies about assessment of thermal comfort. In 1984 these methods were adopted by the International Organization for Standardization -ISO as the basis for standard 7730. However, several researches were made with the purpose of finding the thermal sensation of people exposed to different combinations of environmental and personal variables because of some questionings regarding its applicability in field and in different climatic regions. Therefore, the aim of this work has been to collect information for the analysis of the applicability of the PMV/PPD methods in the standard ISO 7730 (2005), as a means to evaluate thermal comfort in industrial work environment with light sedentary or moderate activity. The research was carried out in female shoe-making industries in the region of Jaú, State of São Paulo. The adopted methodology was defined as follows: data collecting of air temperature, relative humidity, the relative air velocity, and mean radiant temperature, according to the recommendations of ISO 7726 (1998). The clothing insulation and the metabolic rates were estimated by means of the referential value tables in ISO 9920 (1995) and ISO 8996 (1990), respectively. The Comfort Software 2.03 was used to calculate the PMV and the PPD values. Questionnaires were applied among the workers with questions involving the personnel vote for the Thermal Sensation and Preferences. By running the analyses of Simple Regression and Probit, is was possible to compare the correlation between the temperature of neutrality and the percentage of dissatisfied people amongst the personnel votes to the outcomes of the PMV/PPD figures. Through simulations it was possible to identify that the interpretation of activities, the type of questionnaire applied and the control of the responses of the population caused deviations of 8%, 12% and 7.6%, respectively, in the results of the correlation between the votes for thermal sensations and the results of the calculation of PMV. The analyses Probit with the votes of sensation and thermal preference of people with activity 1.4 met the temperature of neutrality was 23.35 °C, with 84.5% of population in comfort and 15.5% in thermal discomfort. As for the calculation of PMV, in the same conditions, the temperature of neutrality is 22.4 °C
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Oliveira, Lidiane Alves de [UNESP]. « Conforto térmico em edificações ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99347.
Texte intégralEste trabalho analisa edifícios que, devido a sua arquitetura moderna, utilizam grande superfície de vidro nas fachadas apresentando, na maior parte das vezes, problemas de conforto térmico. Como objeto deste estudo decidiu-se por um prédio da UNESP, campus de Guaratinguetá. A análise realizada foi baseada no estudo da insolação (diagrama solar), em medidas locais de temperatura, umidade e no levantamento da carga térmica, objetivando avaliar as condições do edifício e propor soluções visando um melhor conforto térmico com a otimização do consumo de energia elétrica.
This work analyzes buildings that, due to their modern architecture, use a great glass surface in the facades presenting, most of the time, problems of thermal comfort. As object of this study we chose a building of UNESP, campus of Guaratingueta. The accomplished analysis was based on the study of the heatstroke (solar diagram), in measuring temperature places, humidity and in the rising of the thermal load, aiming at evaluating the conditions of the building and to propose solutions seeking a better thermal comfort with the optimization of the consumption of electric energy.
Castro, Adriana Petito de Almeida Silva. « Desempenho termico de vidros utilizados na construção civil : estudo em celulas-teste ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257744.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O desempenho térmico de uma edificação depende de fatores como implantação, orientação, materiais e componentes construtivos, que devem ser adequadamente definidos para diferentes condições climáticas. O edifício atua como mecanismo de controle das variáveis do clima, através de sua envoltória (paredes, piso, cobertura e aberturas) e dos elementos do entorno, e deve ser projetado de modo a proporcionar conforto e eficiência energética. Entre os componentes da construção, os vidros funcionam como um dos elementos de maior potencialidade de aquecimento interno. Devido à sua transparência à radiação solar, possibilitam facilmente o ingresso de grande parte dessa energia no ambiente. No presente rabalho estudou-se o comportamento de superfícies transparentes em fachadas, em situação real, através de medições em seis células-teste, de dimensões 2,00 x 2,50m. Analisou-se in loco o comportamento térmico de vidros, comercialmente disponíveis no mercado, cuja caracterização, do ponto de vista da transmissão espectral, já era conhecida através de técnica espectrofotométrica. Foram selecionados 14 tipos de vidros: cinco planos, quatro refletivos pirolíticos, três refletivos metalizados a vácuo e dois laminados, os quais foram instalados em aberturas de 1,00 X 1,20m nas células-teste, localizadas em fachadas com orientação norte e oeste. A análise foi realizada separadamente para as duas orientações. Avaliou-se o desempenho térmico de cada vidro, tendo o incolor, de espessura 4mm, como referência. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na aquisição de dados mensuráveis de parâmetros ambientais: temperaturas superficiais internas dos vidros, temperaturas de bulbo seco no ambiente interno e temperaturas do ar externo. O fator de ganho solar foi calculado a partir dos resultados de absortância dos diferentes materiais, obtidos por análise espectrofotométrica, e diferenças entre as temperaturas interna e externa. Os resultados mostram o alto ganho de calor através dos vidros planos, sendo o incolor o de pior desempenho térmico, com maior ganho, seguido pelo bronze, cinza e verde. Os vidros refletivos metalizados a vácuo apresentam o melhor desempenho térmico, dentre os materiais analisados, quando se tem como objetivo atenuar o ganho de calor e projetar edificações com menor consumo energético para refrigeração
Abstract: Thermal performance of buildings depends on several factors, such as implantation, orientation, materials and building components, which should be appropriately defined for different climate conditions. The building acts as a controller of the climatic variables, through the building envelope (walls, floor, roof and openings) and the nearby elements. Building design must provide indoor comfort and energy efficiency. Glazing easily allows the penetration of solar radiation into buildings, due to its transparency to solar radiation. So glasses must be carefully considered in building design, having in mind their potential for internal heating. In this work studies about the behavior of transparent façades, in real conditions, were carried out through measurements in six test-cells with dimensions 2,00 x 2,50m. Fourteen types of glasses were selected: five float glasses, four reflective glasses produced by pyrolitic process, three reflective ones obtained by vacuum metal deposition and two laminated glasses. Their spectral behavior was known from previous spectrophotometric studies. The glasses were installed in 1,00 X 1,20m openings in two façades facing north and west, separately. The colorless 4mm float glass was taken as reference. Internal surface temperatures of glasses, internal dry bulb temperatures and outdoor temperatures were collected. Solar gain factor was calculated on the basis of absortance values, obtained from spectrophotometrical nalysis, and temperature differences inside and outside the cells. Results show a high heat gain through float glasses, with the worst thermal behavior for the colorless one, followed by bronze, gray and green. Furthermore, reflective glasses obtained by vacuum metal deposition present the best thermal performance for the purpose of heat gain attenuation and to design buildings with the least energy consumption for cooling
Doutorado
Edificações
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Pizarro, Paula Roberta [UNESP]. « Estudo das variáveis do conforto térmico e luminoso em ambientes escolares ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89712.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O desempenho do usuário em um ambiente está diretamente ligado às condições de conforto e estética oferecidas por aquele ambiente, inserindo-se no contexto dos estudos ergonômicos. Considerando-se espaços escolares, estas relações do usuário com o ambiente têm um caráter ainda mais importante, por refletir-se no próprio processo de aprendizado. É sob este aspecto que esta pesquisa se concentra, procurando estabelecer, qualificar e posteriormente quantificar variáveis que indiquem níveis de conforto ambiental para usuários de edificações escolares. É considerada a cidade de Bauru como área de estudo e dentro da linha ergonômica, visa estudar dois parâmetros de conforto ambiental especificamente: conforto térmico e conforto luminoso. Três escolas municipais são selecionadas e analisadas, definindo variáveis que abrangem três aspectos: pessoal, climático e constutivo. É feito um modelo de previsão de índice de satisfação térmica do usuário e de grau de iluminância de sala de aula. As importâncias relativas de cada variável são definidas através de testes de sensibilidade, valendo-se de redes neurais artificiais como ferramenta de modelação.
The performance of users in an environment is directly related to the conditions of comfort and aesthetics offered by that environment, and it is part of the ergonomic studies field. Considering school environments, this relationship of the user with the environment is even more important, due to its influence in the learning process. This is the subject of this research, which establishes, qualifies and quantifies the variables that show the levels of environmental comfort for school users. The case study is the city of Bauru, and from the ergonomic point of view, two parameters of the environmental comfort are considered: thermal comfort and lighting comfort. Three public schools of the municipality are selected and analyzed for the determination of variables that incoude three aspects: personal, climatic and constructive. A prediction model is developed in order to simulate the level of user's satisfaction. The relative importance of each variable is determined by sensitivity tests using artificial neural network modeling tools.
Sabbatini, Enrico. « Sviluppo di un sistema di misura basato su termo-visione per il monitoraggio dei flussi termici scambiati dall'ambiente abitativo ed il relativo comfort ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242065.
Texte intégralResearch in energy efficiency of buildings has grown widely in the last years also supported by Directive of Energy Performance of Building (EPBD). Recent study focuses on technical implementation of the sensor inputs and the thermal models integration to take intelligent decisions, in almost real-time, regarding the operation of the building and its subsystems. This thesis deals with a new approach based on indoor measurements by an infrared camera and image post-processing to derive distributed information on human body surrounding temperatures to be used for a more efficient control. Thermography in buildings is a well-known technique in diagnostics, predictive maintenance of electrical installation as well as in insulation deficiencies and thermal bridges evaluations, air leakage detection and moisture content mapping. The innovation behind the proposed infrared imaging approach consists in involving a compact and low-cost thermographic system automatically controlled in position. A lumped parameter model of the room receives in input the information extracted from image processing to compute exchanged heat rate and thermal comfort. The aim is to provide in real-time the room thermal unbalance information in an efficient and accurate way. The evaluation of different conditions of room’s zones is potentially suitable for multipoint modular HVAC control for energy saving aims e.g. in large spaces. Moreover, this study aims at demonstrating the feasibility of the monitoring system, and in this phase, it is not focused on the energy consumption of the whole system respect to the energy saving that can be reached with it. A sensitivity analysis of the method is performed in order to identify and quantify main measurement uncertainty sources. Results from the real application of the technique in an office room are presented. The possibility of further integrate energy information derived from the developed monitoring device (e.g. PMV - Predictive Mean Vote, PPD - Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied, room air temperature as output, humidity value from external sensor as input) within an Energy Information Integration Platform (EIIP), an advanced data repository application, has been demonstrated.
Pinto, Luciana da Rosa. « Desempenho termico de edificações : um programa de simulação computacional utilizando o metodo da admitancia ». [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257748.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O conhecimento do comportamento térmico de uma edificação é necessário, não só para que seja possível planejar e obter ambientes confortáveis termicamente, como para minimizar o consumo de energia, principalmente para refrigeração, em climas quentes como o do Brasil. Na fase de projeto, ferramentas de simulação computacional são de grande valia para esse fim. Porém as ferramentas disponíveis em geral são de difícil utilização, necessitando de um treinamento especial para seu uso. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de produzir uma ferramenta de simulação de desempenho térmico de edificações, de fácil utilização pelos projetistas. São analisados os conceitos envolvidos nas trocas térmicas entre a edificação e o ambiente, buscando um método simples para a avaliação de seu desempenho térmico. Entre vários modelos analisados, adotou-se o método da admitância, cuja principal vantagem é que a previsão das temperaturas e fluxos de energia aceitáveis é obtida através de um procedimento simples, onde os três parâmetros envolvidos: admitância, fator decremento e fator de superfície dão uma indicação qualitativa do provável comportamento das construções. Com base neste método foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de simulação computacional que permite ao projetista, ainda na fase de concepção, utilizar se de uma planilha eletrônica, para simular e comparar as várias alternativas de projeto e avaliar o correspondente desempenho térmico da edificação em estudo
Abstract: It is well known the importance of a good knowledge of the thermal performa nce of a building, allowing the planning and design of thermally comfortable environments, as well as energy efficient buildings. Architectural design methods in their early development phases define building's internal environment, and computer simulation can be of great value for this purpose. The aim of this work was to develop a design tool for the simulation of thermal performance of buildings, which could be user friendly and presenting trustful results. The work analyzes the concepts involved in the thermal exchanges between the building and the environment, according to the admittance model. This method has as main advantage that acceptable temperature and energy determinations are given by a simple procedure, where the three involved parameters: admittance, decrement factor and surface factor provide a qualitative indication of the probable thermal behavior of the construction. Based on this method it was developed a computer simulation tool to allow the designer, still in the conception phase, to simulate and to compare the several design alternatives and to evaluate the corresponding thermal performance of the building in study
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Sorano, Elisangela Cristina. « Ergonomia de quadras urbanas : condição térmica do pedestre / ». Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89687.
Texte intégralBanca: Gianna Melo Barbirato
Banca: José Carlos Plácido da Silva
Resumo: Abordando o caráter interdisciplinar da ergonomia, esta pesquisa propõe a avaliação das influências do ambiente urbano de um bairro residencial da cidade de Bauru-SP, Brasil, sobre a temperatura do ar na escala do pedestre e conseqüentemente do conforto térmico do mesmo. O bairro escolhido para estudo de caso apresenta tendência ao adensamento, heterogeneidade construtiva quanto à verticalidade e complexidade de uso do solo. A metodologia englobou: a observação da área de estudo para identificação das atividades humanas ali realizadas; a classificação das quadras segundo parâmetros formais, de uso e ocupação do solo; registros da temperatura do ar em 10 pontos fixos; avaliação do conforto térmico do pedestre por meio da aplicação de questionários e coleta de dados microclimáticos; e avaliação do ambiente térmico e da sensação térmica do pedestre por meio da interrelação das características do tecido urbano com os dados climáticos da área estudada e a sensação térmica do pedestre. O cruzamento dos dados foi realizado com auxílio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) Arc View, que gerou mapas temáticos relacionando os atributos climáticos medidos com os padrões de uso do solo. Como resultado, se determinou o comportamento térmico da malha urbana e a sensação térmica experimentada pelo pedestre, sendo possível verificar que o uso do solo urbano interfere tanto na temperatura do ar como conforto térmico do homem. Os resultados obtidos por essa pesquisa poderão servir de base para o planejamento urbano sustentável que proporcione ambientes favoráveis às atividades humanas
Abstract: Addressing the interdisciplinary character of Ergonomics, this research proposes the evaluation of the influences of the urban environment on the air temperature at the pedestrian level in a residential neighborhood of the city of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Its thermal comfort is also analyzed. The neighborhood chosen for the case study presents densification tendency, heterogeneous verticality and complexity of land use. The methodology consisted of: field observation of the study area in order to identify the human activities being carried out; classification of urban blocks according to their formal parameters of land use and occupation; records of air temperature at 10 reference points; evaluation of thermal comfort for the pedestrian through the application of questionnaires and microclimatic data collection; evaluation of the thermal environment and pedestrian thermal sensation, by means of the interrelationship of the urban characteristics with the climatic data of the study area and walking thermal sensation. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Arc View was applied to cross-examining the data, generating thematic maps that allowed the comparison of weather attributes and land use patterns. As a result, it was determine the thermal behavior of the urban network and the thermal sensation experienced by the pedestrian, in this way being possible to verify that the use of urban land interferes in both air temperature and thermal comfort of man. The results reached in this research could help on the basis for sustainable urban planning that would provide favorable environments to human activities
Mestre
Oliveira, Lidiane Alves de. « Conforto térmico em edificações / ». Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99347.
Texte intégralBanca: Felipe Rinaldo Queiroz de Aquino
Banca: Luiz Octávio Mattos dos Reis
Resumo: Este trabalho analisa edifícios que, devido a sua arquitetura moderna, utilizam grande superfície de vidro nas fachadas apresentando, na maior parte das vezes, problemas de conforto térmico. Como objeto deste estudo decidiu-se por um prédio da UNESP, campus de Guaratinguetá. A análise realizada foi baseada no estudo da insolação (diagrama solar), em medidas locais de temperatura, umidade e no levantamento da carga térmica, objetivando avaliar as condições do edifício e propor soluções visando um melhor conforto térmico com a otimização do consumo de energia elétrica.
Abstract: This work analyzes buildings that, due to their modern architecture, use a great glass surface in the facades presenting, most of the time, problems of thermal comfort. As object of this study we chose a building of UNESP, campus of Guaratingueta. The accomplished analysis was based on the study of the heatstroke (solar diagram), in measuring temperature places, humidity and in the rising of the thermal load, aiming at evaluating the conditions of the building and to propose solutions seeking a better thermal comfort with the optimization of the consumption of electric energy.
Mestre
Mosciatti, Rosaria. « Comfort termico nei nuovi edifici isolati. Impatto della superficie vetrata e del tipo di impianto ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242040.
Texte intégralThe main thermal comfort problems in wintertime, which may occur in new well insulated buildings, are : the cold zone caused by low inside surface temperature of window; and large variation in the room temperature, due to changes in internal loads. The object of this thesis is an analysis of different hating systems and their efficiency in solving such drawbacks. Therefore the main focuses of the thesis are to experimentally and numerically investigate : - The discomfort penetration depth caused by cold window in wintertime. - The difference, in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption, between two type of low temperature heating systems : radiators and floor heating. For this purpose experimental campaigns in two real case studies and in a test room, under controlled condition, were set up. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis have been conducted to assess the influence of Window To Wall Ratio (WWR) on indoor thermal comfort. Dynamic whole building analysis have been conducted to predict the differences, in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption, between two different low temperature heating systems. Thermal comfort was evaluated, from experimental and numerical results, using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) method proposed by UNIEN ISO 7730. Both CFD model and transient thermal model was validated with experimental measurements and, then, used in the investigation. The experimental results, obtained from real buildings, indicate that radiant floor heating system does not ensure comfort during its operation time. Moreover changes in internal loads led uncontrolled large variation in temperature and PMV. The experimental results, obtained from test room, showed that discomfort penetration depth with low temperature radiators, was about 0,5m. While discomfort penetration depth with radiant floor heating systems was about 1,2m. The CFD analysis showed that the influence of windows geometry, related to parameter Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), on thermal comfort was considerable. The results of transient thermal simulation demonstrate that thermal comfort difference between radiators and floor heating systems are negligible. However low temperature radiators, using intermittently control strategy, save between 20% and 25% energy than floor heating systems. Therefore in new insulated buildings low temperature radiators are the most efficient and cost-effective way to ensure a good level of thermal comfort and to save energy.
Valdivia, Velasquez Juan Manuel. « Efeitos do tratamento termico UHT em um leite modificado ». [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255603.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Fizeram-se formulações de leite modificado, a partir de leite integral de vaca, com a diluição do mesmo com água potável. Tentou-se aproximar a composição do leite modificado ao do um leite humano, principalmente no que refere aos componentes principais: (proteína, gordura e lactose), algumas vitaminas (A, B1, B2 e C) e alguns minerais (ferro, zinco e potássio). 0 uso de fórmulas sugeridas na presente pesquisa, utilizando os dados das análises rápidas rotineiras de planta de laticínios (proteína formol, gordura Gerber e lactose), permitiu obter um leite modificado de acordo com os componentes principais previstos. Após utilizar os valores de destruição térmica e de "D", da bibliografia, para o cálculo das adições das vitaminas, os conteúdos obtidos destas no Leite Modificado após o processamento final, mostraram valores diferentes aos conteúdos esperados. No caso dos minerais, mantiveram-se os resultados de acordo com o comportamento dos mesmos apresentados da revisão bibliográfica. Os componentes principais utilizados na formulação do leite modificado foram: óleo de milho, lactose cristalizada, água da rede pública de Campinas, vitaminas: A palmitato, tiamina e ácido ascórbico, e os minerais: sulfato de potássio, sulfato de zinco e citrato de ferro amoniacal. Três processamentos UHT (Processamento N° 1, N° 2 e N° 3) a Í40 °C x 4 s foram feitos ao leite modificado, em uma unidade de esterilização STORK STERIDEAL I e empacotados em uma unidade de embalagem asséptico TETRA BRIK. As amostras do Processamento N° 2 e N° 3 foram armazenadas e avaliadas durante 60 dias a 37 °C. As amostras do Leite Formulado do Processamento N° 3, obtidas após o tratamento UHT deram valor alto de reação de Maillard: 65,19 µmol HMF/L, a leitura da Densidade Óptica (D.O.), a 535 nm, para a degradação de gordura foi de 0,07, de Nitrogênio total (NT) foi de 157.7 mg/100g, de Nitrogênio não caséico de 24,6 mg/100g e Nitrogênio não protéico (NNP) de 13,6 mg/100g. Não houve separação de gordura nas amostras. As perdas das vitaminas A e B1 no Processamento N° 3, foram maiores do que os citados na bibliografia, de 48% e 25% respectivamente, a vitamina C apresentou perda da ordem de 19% e não ocorreram perdas para a vitamina B2. Aos 15 dias de armazenagem do produto, observou-se que a degradação de gordura teve diminuição de 0,07 para 0,0365 da leitura de D.O., para depois aumentar gradualmente aos 45 dias, voltando a diminuir aos 60 dias e atingir valores de 0,1600 da leitura de D.O. A reação de Maillard teve um comportamento relativamente estável na armazenagem, atingindo valores de 71,71 µmol HMF/L aos 60 dias. 0 NT, NNC e NNP comportaram-se de acordo como esperado pela bibliografia consultada, como valores de 154,5 mg/100g 35,9 mg/100g 17,7 mg/100g respectivamente. Os minerais adicionados mantiveram-se sem alterações durante o tempo de armazenagem estudado
Abstract: A formulated milk was made from whole cow's milk by dilution with water and addition of selected ingredients in order to have the some composition as human milk with respect to protein, fat, lactose, some vitamins (A, B1, B2 and C), and some minerals (iron, zinc and potassium). The use of the formulas suggested in this research using data from rapid analyses carried out in the dairy plant, allowed for the preparation of modified milk similar to human milk. After use of the values for thermal degradation and "D" values found in the literature for the additions, the vitamin contents evaluated in the modified milk for the process number 3, gave different values. The values found for the mineral additions however, showed no change. The main components used in the formulation of the Modified Milk, were: corn oil, crystal1ized lactose, drinking water, vitamin A palmitate, thiamine, ascorbic acid, potassium sulfate, zinz sulfate and ferric ammonium citrate. The Formulated Milk was sterilized in a STORK STERIDEAL I and packaged in an asseptic TETRA BRICK package. Three UHT processes (Ultra High Temperature) were carried out at 140 °C for 4s. All samples were stored and evaluated for 60 days at 37 °C. The samples of the final process (Process N° 3) obtained after UHT sterilization, showed high values for the Mail lard reaction: 65,1 µMol/L, the optical density at 535 mu (fat degradation) was 0.07, Total nitrogen (TN) was 157.7 mg/100 mg, Non casein nitrogen was 24.6 mg/100g and Non protein nitrogen (NFN) was 13.6 mg/100g. Higher losses of vitamin A (25%) and B1 (48%) were observed in the final process as compared to the literature. Losses of vitamin C were recorder (19%) and no losses of vitamin B2 were encountered. After 15 days of storage at 37 °C the test for fat degradation showed a fall in O.D. from 0.07 to 0,0365, but these readings subsequently increased to 0,16 after 60 days of storage. The behavior to TN, NCN and NFN was according to that expected from the literature consulted, giving values of 154.5, 35.9 and 17.7 mg/100 g respectively. All added minerals maintained constant values up to the final storage date
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Gurgel, Estelita Maria [UNESP]. « Qualidade do sombreamento natural de três espécies arbóreas visando ao conforto térmico animal ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90451.
Texte intégralConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O sombreamento promovido por árvores constitui um dos melhores dispositivos externos para controle e redução dos efeitos da radiação solar. Natural e de baixo custo, este recurso é de extrema utilidade para o conforto térmico dos seres vivos, especialmente em países de clima quente, onde a incidência de radiação solar é alta. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência térmica do sombreamento natural proporcionado por diferentes espécies arbóreas, por meio de medições de varáveis climáticas e de índices de conforto térmico. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Botucatu, SP e foram avaliadas as sombras de nove indivíduos arbóreos, sendo três exemplares da espécie pau-terra-da-areia (Qualea dichotoma (Warm.) Stafl.), três da espécie chico-pires (Pithecolobium incuriale (Vell.) Benth.) e três da espécie copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Foram registrados à sombra e a céu aberto os dados de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa, temperatura de ponto de orvalho e temperatura de globo negro e velocidade do vento, durante o verão, ao longo do dia, com leituras horárias entre 8h e 17h. Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Os resultados foram avaliados por meio dos índices de conforto térmico ITU, ITGU, CTR, e por meio da avaliação para o dia crítico do período analisado. Concluiu-se que houve diferença estatística entre as espécies estudadas e de maneira geral a espécie copaíba foi a que apresentou um maior índice de redução da carga térmica de radiação, sendo a pau-terra-da-areia a que apresentou uma menor redução
The shading promoted by trees constitutes one of the best external devices to control and to reduce the effects of solar radiation. Natural and economical, such resource is extremely useful to the thermal comfort of living creatures, especially in counties with hot weather, where the incidence of solar radiation is high. This work aimed at evaluating the thermal efficiency of the natural shading given by different species of trees through measurements of climatic variables and indexes of thermal comfort. The research was developed in Botucatu County (São Paulo) and the shade of nine trees were evaluated; three of the species pau-terra-da-areia (Qualea dichotoma (Warm.) Stafl.), three of the species chico-pires (Phithecolobium incuriale (Vell.) Benth.) and three of the species copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). The air temperature and the relative humidity, the dew point temperature, the globe temperature of Vernon, and the wind speed data were taken in the shade during summer, throughout the day with readings between 8 am and 5 pm in the shade and exposed sun. The completely random statistical design was adopted (DIC). The results were evaluated using thermal comfort indexes THI, BGHI, CTR and using evaluation on the critical day for the period analyzed. It was concluded that there was a statistical difference among the species used and, as a whole, the copaiba species was the one which presented the highest index of radiant thermal load reduction and the pau-terra-da-areia, the one which presented the lowest index
Pizarro, Paula Roberta. « Estudo das variáveis do conforto térmico e luminoso em ambientes escolares / ». Bauru : [s.l.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89712.
Texte intégralBanca: Nair Cristina Brondino
Banca: Lucila Chebel Labaki
Resumo: O desempenho do usuário em um ambiente está diretamente ligado às condições de conforto e estética oferecidas por aquele ambiente, inserindo-se no contexto dos estudos ergonômicos. Considerando-se espaços escolares, estas relações do usuário com o ambiente têm um caráter ainda mais importante, por refletir-se no próprio processo de aprendizado. É sob este aspecto que esta pesquisa se concentra, procurando estabelecer, qualificar e posteriormente quantificar variáveis que indiquem níveis de conforto ambiental para usuários de edificações escolares. É considerada a cidade de Bauru como área de estudo e dentro da linha ergonômica, visa estudar dois parâmetros de conforto ambiental especificamente: conforto térmico e conforto luminoso. Três escolas municipais são selecionadas e analisadas, definindo variáveis que abrangem três aspectos: pessoal, climático e constutivo. É feito um modelo de previsão de índice de satisfação térmica do usuário e de grau de iluminância de sala de aula. As importâncias relativas de cada variável são definidas através de testes de sensibilidade, valendo-se de redes neurais artificiais como ferramenta de modelação.
Abstract: The performance of users in an environment is directly related to the conditions of comfort and aesthetics offered by that environment, and it is part of the ergonomic studies field. Considering school environments, this relationship of the user with the environment is even more important, due to its influence in the learning process. This is the subject of this research, which establishes, qualifies and quantifies the variables that show the levels of environmental comfort for school users. The case study is the city of Bauru, and from the ergonomic point of view, two parameters of the environmental comfort are considered: thermal comfort and lighting comfort. Three public schools of the municipality are selected and analyzed for the determination of variables that incoude three aspects: personal, climatic and constructive. A prediction model is developed in order to simulate the level of user's satisfaction. The relative importance of each variable is determined by sensitivity tests using artificial neural network modeling tools.
Mestre
Carrieres, Kellen Regina Monte. « Desempenho termico e consumo energetico de edificios de escritorios em São Carlos, SP ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257697.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Com a crise energética e o alto consumo de eletricidade, é crescente a preocupação com a economia de energia, principalmente em edifícios dos setores públicos e comerciais, pois são os grandes consumidores. Com isso, muitos pesquisadores da área estão direcionando suas pesquisas científicas para o estudo do conforto térmico do homem, em busca de edifícios mais eficientes energeticamente. Baseado nesses fatos, esse trabalho avalia a influência de parâmetros construtivos com relação ao consumo de energia e ao conforto térmico de edifícios de escritórios da cidade de São Carlos, de forma a adequar os edifícios ao clima da cidade. Para tal análise, foram estudados seis edifícios com relação à caracterização construtiva, dos quais três foram escolhidos para o levantamento do padrão de uso e ocupação desse tipo de edificação, e para monitoramento de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Foram realizadas para o clima da cidade, simulações de um edifício de referência que apresenta alguns parâmetros fixos, que foram adotados por representarem os sistemas construtivos mais utilizados no Brasil, e outros variáveis como a orientação, sistema construtivo, porcentagem de vidro na fachada, absortância da fachada e da cobertura e renovações de ar. Cada parâmetro variável foi simulado com todos os outros fixos, obtendo-se assim resultados reais da influência de cada um. Os resultados dessas simulações foram analisados estatisticamente por regressão linear múltipla. Com essa análise pôde-se determinar a influência de cada parâmetro no consumo de energia. A absortância da cobertura foi o parâmetro que mais influenciou no consumo, chegando a 160% a mais no mês de junho e 238% a mais no mês de dezembro, isso em relação a absortância da fachada, parâmetro de menor influência nesses modelos. Além disso, foram calculadas as diferenças de consumo entre os maiores e menores valores para todas as combinações adotadas nesse trabalho, chegando as situações ideais para o consumo de aquecimento e resfriamento. Em todos os casos, com exceção da capacidade térmica do sistema construtivo, os menores valores de cada parâmetro foram os que obtiveram um menor consumo total em todas as situações
Abstract: Due to the energetic crisis and the high demand for electricity, the concern about power saving is growing, mainly at public and commercial buildings, as they are the greatest consumers. Therefore, many researchers of the area are directing their scientific researches towards the study of mankind thermal comfort, aiming more energetically efficient buildings. Based upon these facts, this work evaluates the influence of construction parameters in relation to energy consumption and thermal comfort of office buildings located in the city of Sao Carlos, in order to adequate the buildings to the city climate. For such analysis, six buildings were studied regarding constructive characterization and three of them were chosen to be assessed by the use and occupancy patterns of this type of building and for temperature and air relative humidity monitoring. According to the city climate, simulations were performed for a reference building with some fixed parameters, which were adopted as representing the most used building systems in Brazil and other variables such as orientation, building system, the percentage of glass in the façade, façade and roof absortance and air renovation. Each variable parameter was simulated having all others fixed, obtaining real results of their individual influences. The results of these simulations were statistically analyzed by multiple linear regression. Through this analysis it was possible to determine the influence of each parameter in the energy consumption. The roof absortance was the parameter that most influenced the consumption, reaching a 160% increase in the month of June and 238% in December, regarding the façade absortance, the less influential parameter in these models. Besides that, the differences of consumption between bigger and smaller values for all the combinations adopted in this work were calculated, reaching ideal situations for the warming and cooling consumptions. In all cases, except for the thermal capacity of the building system, the smaller values of each parameter were the ones that obtained the minor total consumption in all situations
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Gurgel, Estelita Maria 1958. « Qualidade do sombreamento natural de três espécies arbóreas visando ao conforto térmico animal / ». Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90451.
Texte intégralAbstract: The shading promoted by trees constitutes one of the best external devices to control and to reduce the effects of solar radiation. Natural and economical, such resource is extremely useful to the thermal comfort of living creatures, especially in counties with hot weather, where the incidence of solar radiation is high. This work aimed at evaluating the thermal efficiency of the natural shading given by different species of trees through measurements of climatic variables and indexes of thermal comfort. The research was developed in Botucatu County (São Paulo) and the shade of nine trees were evaluated; three of the species pau-terra-da-areia (Qualea dichotoma (Warm.) Stafl.), three of the species chico-pires (Phithecolobium incuriale (Vell.) Benth.) and three of the species copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). The air temperature and the relative humidity, the dew point temperature, the globe temperature of Vernon, and the wind speed data were taken in the shade during summer, throughout the day with readings between 8 am and 5 pm in the shade and exposed sun. The completely random statistical design was adopted (DIC). The results were evaluated using thermal comfort indexes THI, BGHI, CTR and using evaluation on the critical day for the period analyzed. It was concluded that there was a statistical difference among the species used and, as a whole, the copaiba species was the one which presented the highest index of radiant thermal load reduction and the pau-terra-da-areia, the one which presented the lowest index
Orientador: Odivaldo José Seraphim
Coorientador: Iran José Oliveira da Silva
Banca: Lucila Chebel Labaki
Banca: Ana Maria Liner Pereira Lima
Mestre
Pezzuto, Claudia Cotrim. « Avaliação do ambiente termico nos espaços urbanos abertos : estudo de caso em Campinas, SP ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257738.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Atualmente, nota-se um crescente interesse público pela qualidade dos espaços urbanos nas cidades e isso, consequentemente, contribui para a qualidade de vida da população. Assim, o conhecimento dos fatores climáticos juntamente com as características do sítio, tais como, morfologia, presença de vegetação, corpos d¿água, é de fundamental importância para a elaboração de diretrizes urbanísticas que visem melhores condições climáticas nas cidades. Inserido neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral avaliar a influência dos diferentes usos do solo e o efeito climático no ambiente urbano. A metodologia utilizada para esta pesquisa foi a coleta de dados com medidas móveis e fixas de temperatura do ar e umidade. Outra vertente do estudo foi a aplicação de questionários com os pedestres nos locais de coleta de dados, com o objetivo de avaliar a sensação de conforto térmico nestes espaços. Para estudo de caso foi escolhida uma região central da cidade de Campinas ¿ SP, Brasil, caracterizada por grande concentração de área construída, adensamento populacional e complexidade de uso do solo. As análises envolveram a inter-relação entre os parâmetros climáticos e a organização espacial urbana. Para auxiliar nas análises foi utilizado um programa como suporte para gerar novas informações a partir do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), através do processamento de informações com expressão geográfica. Como resultado das análises foi possível delimitar as Unidades Climáticas Urbanas da área de estudo através do cruzamento dos valores dos atributos climáticos medidos com as características associadas aos padrões de uso do solo. Verificou-se que o uso do solo urbano interfere tanto na temperatura do ar como na sensação térmica do pedestre da cidade, e que pontos localizados em regiões de uso do solo semelhantes apresentaram valores estatisticamente iguais. Os resultados obtidos dessa pesquisa podem auxiliar o planejamento, visando a melhoria do ambiente urbano, em particular o conforto térmico
Abstract: Currently, the quality of urban spaces has been the subject of several studies which contribute to the quality of life of the population. Climatic factors, as well as other characteristics of those spaces affect local population directly, and are extremely important to elucidate the need of improvements in climatic conditions in cities. This work evaluates the influence of urban morphology in climatic conditions of open urban spaces. Mobile and fixed measurements of air temperature and humidity were taken, and questionnaires were applied to pedestrians where the data were collected to evaluate the sensation of thermal comfort in these places. The chosen area for this case study is a central region of the city of Campinas, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, since it is characterized by great building concentration, population density and complexity of land use. The analyses involved the interrelationship between the climatic parameters and urban space organization. New information was generated by Geographical Information Systems (GIS), by processing the information about sectors with geographical expression. As a result, it was possible to delimit the Urban Climatic Units of the area by relating the values of the measured climatic attributes to the characteristics associated to the patterns of land use. It was verified that land use interferes not only in the air temperature but also in pedestrians¿ thermal sensation. Besides, spots located in areas of similar land use presented statistically similar values. These results may guide planning and improvements in urban environments, especially those related to thermal comfort
Doutorado
Arquitetura e Construção
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Cremonini, Fabio. « Influenza dei fattori di vista nel calcolo delle condizioni di comfort termico in ambienti con impianti radianti ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Trouver le texte intégralAbate, Giovanni. « Le Corbusier e l'idea di comfort termico. Il caso del padiglione dell'Esprit Nouveau : modellazione e analisi energetica ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Trouver le texte intégralMENGARONI, ELENA. « Strategie di ventilazione nell'edilizia scolastica per l'ottimizzazione della qualità dell'aria, del comfort termico e dei consumi energetici ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241896.
Texte intégralThe study deals with the analysis of different ventilation strategies in school buildings to improve indoor air quality and thermal comfort while saving energy. This thesis comes from a collaboration between Università Politecnica delle Marche and Provincia di Ancona that is the local authority responsible for the management of school buildings for higher education. On the whole stock of buildings it has previously intervened both in terms of accessibility for the disable people and in terms of safety measures. In recent years, however, has raised the issue of sustainability and in particular how to limit the wasting of energy. Most of them have been built before the '80s, in the absence of specific regulations for energy efficiency (DL 192 and 311). The adoption of the latest standards for energy efficiency has forced a reduction in the rate of infiltration of outside air and ventilation, thereby contributing to increase the internal concentrations of pollutants, worsening the air quality of indoor environments with the risk of generating Sick Building Syndrome. The issue is felt mostly in schools because of their density of occupation (from 4 to 10 times greater than a commercial building), the long periods of exposure and bigger sensitivity of the occupants. This should ensure environmental quality standards already higher than the Average: these considerations make the school building more attractive to this kind of investigation. These environments require rates of air which, if effectively applied with a natural ventilation system, are unlikely to be within the limit parameters of the law on energy point of view. Objectives of the thesis are: - to define an integrated methodology for the evaluation of in situ investigations of air quality and environmental comfort; - to assess qualitative and quantitative effectiveness of certain ventilation strategies, different for typology (natural ventilation / mechanical), kind of air distribution and of intake, applied to a real case; - to develop a methodology for optimizing the management of the chosen system, whose attention is always focused, rather than just on the energy savings, on the combination of comfort and consumption; - to develop a methodology for integrated design (or retrofit of existing) taking into account from the very beginning the systems and ventilation mainly; The study saw the analysis of a real case and the optimized design of the enlargement of the same building. The building analyzed is the ITIS Vito Volterra in Torrette of Ancona. The existing building has been analyzed with a winter monitoring session in which four different ventilation strategies were evaluated in a classroom and a spring-summer monitoring session in which two different rooms with ventilation strategies were compared with each other. The enlargement of the building was assessed using a model analyzed with different simulation software for thermodinamic evaluation in steady state and dynamic case, in which different parameters were analyzed from the comfort point of view, including ventilation, examining various strategies for the summer.
Carvalho, Gustavo de Castro. « Avaliação de sistemas de telhados verdes : análise térmica e hídrica nos diferentes sistemas cultivados com Callisia repens / ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154781.
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A crescente urbanização, faz com que problemas ambientais tornem-se cada vez mais frequentes e, dessa forma, alternativas como o uso de coberturas vegetais mostram-se como importantes ferramentas para a melhoria ambiental nos centros urbanos. Telhados verdes são sistemas construtivos que quando utilizados, trazem inúmeros benefícios à população, dentre os quais se destacam: melhoria no conforto térmico em edificações, diminuição da poluição atmosférica, acústica e visual, além de menor escoamento superficial, reduzindo enchentes. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa buscou avaliar a temperatura em protótipos com diferentes sistemas de telhados verdes comerciais (Sistema FLAT, Sistema Modular e Sistema MacDrain) cultivados com Callisia repens, para quantificar a melhoria no que diz respeito ao conforto térmico que esses sistemas proporcionam, comparando-os entre si e com um sistema testemunha, totalizando 4 protótipos. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de 09/08/2017 à 22/11/2017 através de sensores de temperatura automatizados, em três diferentes horários: 08:00, 13:00 e às 22:00 horas. Adotouse o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, e foram realizadas análises estatísticas para a comparação dos resultados, através do Teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que em horários com valores maiores de temperatura, os sistemas conseguem atenuar a radiação solar, diminuindo a transferência de calor do meio externo para o compartimento instalado logo abaixo dos sistemas. Já em temperaturas amenas, como o período noturno, o sistema funciona de forma a manter o calor absorvido durante o dia no compartimento abaixo, isolando a perda de calor. Apesar da maior parte dos dados de temperatura interna não estarem dentro dos limites da zona de conforto térmico, a diferença mensurada entre os valores de temperatura dos sensores posicionados no protótipo testemunha e os protótipos com os sistemas instalados de telhados verdes chegou a 23 °C no dia 14/10/2017. Realizando-se as análises estatísticas, o protótipo testemunha apresentou diferença significativa, em relação aos sistemas com telhados verdes, nos três horários, mostrando o potencial do sistema com cobertura vegetal no isolamento térmico. Para os horários das 08:00 e 22:00 horas, os protótipos com diferentes sistemas instalados não apresentaram diferença significativa entre si, entretanto, às 13:00 horas, o sistema FLAT diferiu do sistema Modular. Além das análises térmicas, foram realizadas também análises físicoquímicas da água utilizada no sistema de irrigação após a drenagem no Sistema FLAT, com a finalidade de verificar a possibilidade de reúso em sistemas de irrigação. Os parâmetros analisados foram: pH, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, sólidos totais, DBO, turbidez e cor. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade da água drenada foi pouco alterada em relação à água utilizada na irrigação. Dessa forma, a água escoada poderia ser reutilizada para irrigar o próprio sistema de telhado verde, ou ainda, jardins do entorno, contribuindo para o menor consumo de água e preservação deste bem.
The crescent urbanization makes that environmental problems become more frequent and, therefore, alternatives as the use of plant cover are important for the environmental improvement. The green roofs are constructive systems that when used bring countless benefits to the population, to name but a few, thermal comfort improvement in buildings, decrease of the atmosphere pollution, acoustic and visual, besides a larger surface flow reducing floods. Therefore, the present dissertation has evaluated the temperature in different green roof systems prototypes cultivated with Callisia repens, to quantify the improvement related to the thermal comfort that these systems provide, comparing them with each other and with a control system, totaling 4 prototypes. Data were collected from 09/08/2017 to 11/22/2017 by automated alerts, at three different times: 08:00am, 01:00pm and 10:00pm. To compare statistically the results, critical analyses were carried out using the Tukey test at 5% significance level. The results have showed that with higher temperatures, the systems are able to weaken the solar radiation, reducing the heat transfer from the external environment to the compartment just below the prototypes. On the other hand, at night, normally with mild temperatures, the system works by keeping the heat absorbed during the day in the compartment below, isolating the loss of heat. Although most of the internal temperature levels are not within the limits of thermal comfort zone, the difference between the temperature measured in both the temperature values of the sensors placed on the main prototype and the ones placed on the green roof prototypes systems reached 73,4 °F on 10/14/2017. Statistically, the control prototype was different from the green roof systems in the three measured times, showing the potential of them in the thermal comfort. At 08:00am and 10:00pm, the prototypes were statistically equal, but at 01:00pm, the FLAT system differred from the Modular system. Besides the thermal analysis, water tests were carried out with the water that passed through the FLAT system during the drainage, to analyze the possibility of reusing the water for irrigation systems. The parameters considered were: pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, total solids, BOD, turbidity and color. The results have showed that the quality of the drained water was not changed in comparison to the water used in the irrigation. Therefore, the water could be reused to irrigate the green system itself, or even surrounding gardens, contributing to a lower water consumption and preserving it.
Oliveira, Mariela Cristina Ayres de. « Os primeiros estudos sobre conforto termico no Brasil : a contribuição de Paulo Sa ». [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257741.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A preocupação com a avaliação de conforto no Brasil, em meados de 1930, procurava nos métodos, propostos e utilizados internacionalmente, condições de adaptá-los às variáveis brasileiras. Tem-se conhecimento do trabalho de dois pesquisadores brasileiros sobre índices de conforto térmico nessa época: Paulo Sá e Benjamim Alves Ribeiro. Estas pesquisas buscam estabelecer uma relação entre a sensação individual de conforto térmico e os índices obtidos pelos vários métodos utilizados na época, principalmente as catatemperaturas e a temperatura efetiva. O resgate e análise da pesquisa de Paulo Sá demonstram não apenas a abordagem científica e a obtenção de temperaturas de conforto térmico para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, como também as dificuldades metodológicas e científicas existentes. Os valores encontrados pelas pesquisas de Paulo Sá e Benjamin Alves Ribeiro foram utilizados para cálculo do VME, proposto por Fanger, através do uso do software Conforto 2.02. O trabalho também apresenta a metodologia utilizada por Paulo Sá e Benjamim Alves Ribeiro, Fanger e Michael Humphreys em pesquisas realizadas em escolas ou com estudantes. Destes, apenas Fanger trabalhou com câmaras climatizadas. O ambiente escolar tem se mostrado propício a estudos de avaliação de conforto térmico, tanto pela importância do mesmo, como pela atividade desenvolvida, faixa etária e facilidade de implementação da pesquisa. Desse modo, uma descrição e comparação de metodologias relativas ao ambiente escolar são relatados neste trabalho
Abstract: The researches about thermal comfort evaluation in Brazil, in the middle of 1930, were searching for the internationally used and proposed methods, so that the conditions to adapt them to Brazilian environmental parameters could be achieved. The work of two Brazilian researchers who were researching thermal comfort indexes by that time are known: Paulo Sá and Benjamim Alves Ribeiro. In their researches they were working to establish a relationship between the individual thermal sensation and the indexes obtained by the several methods used at that time, mainly the catatemperatures and the effective temperatures. When analyzing the research of Paulo Sá, it can be shown his scientific approach and the obtaining of comfort temperatures for the city of Rio de Janeiro, as well as the existent methodological and scientific difficulties. The values found by those authors were used to the calculation of the PMV, proposed by Ole Fanger, through the use of the software Comfort 2.02. This work also presents the methodology used by Paulo Sá and Benjamim Alves Ribeiro, Fanger and Michael Humphreys in researches accomplished at schools or with students. Fanger worked with students in acclimatized cameras and the others with naturally ventilated environments. Schools are an appropriate environment to studies about thermal comfort evaluation not only due to the importance of the theme, but also for the developed activity, age group and easiness of implementation of the research. A description and comparison of different methods applied to the school environment are presented in this work
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Skubs, Danielle. « Conforto termico nos espaços de transição e sua influencia como elemento apaziguador do microclima local ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257752.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As áreas de transição têm especificidades por suas características construtivas e por serem espaços influenciados tanto pelo clima externo como pela edificação a que pertencem. Ainda são escassos os estudos sobre este tema no Brasil. Aceita-se que em regiões quentes estes ambientes podem minimizar o choque térmico dos usuários na passagem interior ao exterior, compor ambientes de microclima local agradável, tornando os espaços mais confortáveis e receptivos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a importância da área de transição como elemento apaziguador do microclima local e a percepção dos usuários para este fato, adotando como objeto de estudo duas instituições de ensino, de Piracicaba e Santa Bárbara D'Oeste, SP. A metodologia adotada baseou-se na aplicação de questionários, realização de medições dos parâmetros ambientais e registro, através de croquis e anotações, da implantação e características construtivas dos ambientes analisados. As medições forneceram dados para a análise do comportamento térmico das áreas de transição e salas de aula e os questionários foram utilizados para avaliar as sensações, preferências térmicas e impressões dos usuários em relação a estas, através do cálculo do Voto Médio Estimado (VME). Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a escolha dos materiais e a configuração do espaço de transição são fundamentais para o conforto térmico e indicaram que os usuários percebem a importância da área de transição como elemento apaziguador do choque térmico causado pela diferença de temperaturas entre área interna e externa. A relevância deste trabalho está em mostrar que estas áreas podem ser ambientes confortáveis e espaços agradáveis, que contribuem para o conforto térmico dos ambientes e proporcionam maior qualidade de vida aos usuários, mostrando ainda potencial auxílio de economia de energia.
Abstract: Transitional areas have specificities due to their constructive characteristics and to the way in which these spaces are influenced by the outdoor climate and the building which they belong to. There are few studies on this issue in Brazil. It's accepted that in hot environments regions, these areas can minimize the users' thermal impact in the transition indoor - outdoor and can provide pleasant local microclimate environments, creating more comfortable and receptive spaces. The goal of this study is to evaluate the importance of the transitional areas as an appeaser of local microclimate as well as the users' perception to this fact, adopting by study object two educational institutions of Piracicaba and Santa Bárbara D'Oeste, SP - Brazil. The methodology is based in the use of questionnaires, measurements of environmental parameters and the record of implantation and constructive characteristics of the analyzed environments, through sketches and notes. The measurements provided data for analysis of the transitional areas and classrooms' thermal behavior and the questionnaires were used to evaluate the users' thermal sensations, preferences and perceptions, through the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) calculation. The results of this research have shown that the choice of materials and the configuration of the transition area are fundamental to thermal comfort and also indicated that users understand the importance of this space as an appeaser of thermal impact caused by the temperatures difference between indoor and outdoor environments. The relevance of this research consists in showing that these areas may be comfortable spaces and nice environments, also contributing to environment's thermal comfort and providing better quality of life to their users, showing also potential support for energy saving.
Universidade Estadual de Campi
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Sorano, Elisangela Cristina [UNESP]. « Ergonomia de quadras urbanas : condição térmica do pedestre ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89687.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Abordando o caráter interdisciplinar da ergonomia, esta pesquisa propõe a avaliação das influências do ambiente urbano de um bairro residencial da cidade de Bauru-SP, Brasil, sobre a temperatura do ar na escala do pedestre e conseqüentemente do conforto térmico do mesmo. O bairro escolhido para estudo de caso apresenta tendência ao adensamento, heterogeneidade construtiva quanto à verticalidade e complexidade de uso do solo. A metodologia englobou: a observação da área de estudo para identificação das atividades humanas ali realizadas; a classificação das quadras segundo parâmetros formais, de uso e ocupação do solo; registros da temperatura do ar em 10 pontos fixos; avaliação do conforto térmico do pedestre por meio da aplicação de questionários e coleta de dados microclimáticos; e avaliação do ambiente térmico e da sensação térmica do pedestre por meio da interrelação das características do tecido urbano com os dados climáticos da área estudada e a sensação térmica do pedestre. O cruzamento dos dados foi realizado com auxílio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) Arc View, que gerou mapas temáticos relacionando os atributos climáticos medidos com os padrões de uso do solo. Como resultado, se determinou o comportamento térmico da malha urbana e a sensação térmica experimentada pelo pedestre, sendo possível verificar que o uso do solo urbano interfere tanto na temperatura do ar como conforto térmico do homem. Os resultados obtidos por essa pesquisa poderão servir de base para o planejamento urbano sustentável que proporcione ambientes favoráveis às atividades humanas
Addressing the interdisciplinary character of Ergonomics, this research proposes the evaluation of the influences of the urban environment on the air temperature at the pedestrian level in a residential neighborhood of the city of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Its thermal comfort is also analyzed. The neighborhood chosen for the case study presents densification tendency, heterogeneous verticality and complexity of land use. The methodology consisted of: field observation of the study area in order to identify the human activities being carried out; classification of urban blocks according to their formal parameters of land use and occupation; records of air temperature at 10 reference points; evaluation of thermal comfort for the pedestrian through the application of questionnaires and microclimatic data collection; evaluation of the thermal environment and pedestrian thermal sensation, by means of the interrelationship of the urban characteristics with the climatic data of the study area and walking thermal sensation. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Arc View was applied to cross-examining the data, generating thematic maps that allowed the comparison of weather attributes and land use patterns. As a result, it was determine the thermal behavior of the urban network and the thermal sensation experienced by the pedestrian, in this way being possible to verify that the use of urban land interferes in both air temperature and thermal comfort of man. The results reached in this research could help on the basis for sustainable urban planning that would provide favorable environments to human activities
Lollini, Emanuele. « Modello termico dello spacecraft Galileo e valutazione delle accelerazioni non gravitazionali ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18515/.
Texte intégralTeixeira, Carla Fernanda Barbosa 1977. « Comportamento termico de coberturas de fibrocimento em Campinas, SP : aplicação de tecnicas passivas ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257746.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O Brasil possui a maior parte de suas terras em clima tropical. Sendo a cobertura o elemento construtivo mais exposto à radiação solar direta, toma-se um desafio aos pesquisadores e projetistas, atenuar as temperaturas nas coberturas das edificações e contribuir para o uso racional de energia. O objetivo desta pesquisa é monitorar o desempenho térmico de coberturas de fibrocimento em_ células-teste na cidade de Campinas, SP, com aplicação de técnicas passivas de resmamento. Utilizaram-se quatro células-teste: uma célula-teste de referência, e outras três com os sistemas: evaporativo, radiante e reflexivo, respectivamente, e monitoramento das temperaturas superficiais internas das telhas (TT' s) e temperaturas do ar dos áticos (T AA' s), no período de 21 de janeiro a 9 de fevereiro de 2006. Para o sistema de resmamento evaporativo foram utilizados ciclos de aspersão com diferentes intervalos no período todo. Entre as técnicas monitoradas, o melhor comportamento térmico foi verificado no 2° período (de 26 a 30/jan com aspersão contínua) na temperatura da superficie interna da telha do sistema evaporativo (TTevap = 23,2°C) apresentando um decréscimo de 1,3°C em relação a célulateste de referência e um acréscimo de 0,1 °C em relação as médias da temperatura do ar para o período. Nas médias da temperatura do ar dos áticos, o 2° período apresentou os menores valores para os sistemas: reflexivo (TAArefl =23,4°C) e evaporativo (TAAevap = 23,5°C), apresentando uma atenuação de 0,5°C e 0,4°C em relação a célula de referência respectivamente, além de uma elevação de 0,3°C em relação as médias da temperatura do ar externo. Os resultados, analisados através de tratamento estatístico, demonstram a viabilidade do uso do sistema evaporativo em condições climáticas de elevada umidade relativa do ar, contribuindo para atenuar os efeitos das hostilidades climáticas em coberturas das edificações
Abstract: In Brazil, the tropical climate is predominant in most of regions. Roofing is the building component with the highest exposition to direct solar radiation. The challenge for researchers and designers is to achieve cornfort in the built environrnent and to contribute to energy saving, proposing roofing systems with good thermal insulation, and consequently lesser internal surface temperatures. The objective of this research is to monitor the thermal behavior of fiber-cement roofing and to present a discussion about the results obtained in cell-tests in the city of Campinas, SP, through passive cooling techniques. Four cell-tests were used: one cell-test was adopted as reference, and the other three were analyzed with evaporative, radiative and reflective systems, respectively. The evaporative system was tested with different aspersion cycles through spraying systems and intervals. The monitored parameters were the internal surface temperatures of the roofing tiles (TT s) and attic air temperatures (TAA's) in the period of January 21st to February 9th of2006. Among the monitored passive techniques, the best thermal behavior was observed in the 2nd period (iTom January 26th to 30th, corresponding to continue spraying), related to the internal surface temperature with the evaporative system (TTevap = 23,2°C). A reduction of 1,3°C was observed, as compared to the reference test-cell and and an increase of 0,1 °C in comparison with the average air temperature. In relation to the average of attic air temperature, the 2nd period presented the lowest temperature for reflexive system (T AArefl = 23,4°C) and evaporative system (TAAevap = 23,5°C); a reduction of 0,5°C and 0,4°C in relation of the reference test-cell respectively was observed; also, it showed an increase of 0,3°C as compared with air temperature. The results presented through statistical analyses demonstrated that the use of the evaporative system in climatic conditions with high relative humidity is viable, contributing, therefore, to attenuate the effects of climatic hostilities in the roofing buildings
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Høseggen, Rasmus Z. « Dynamic use of the building structure - energy performance and thermal environment ». Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1998.
Texte intégralThe main objectives of this thesis have been to evaluate how, under which premises, and to what extent building thermal mass can contribute to reduce the net energy demand in office buildings. The thesis also assesses the potential thermal environmental benefits of utilizing thermal mass in office buildings, i.e. reduction of temperature peaks, reduction of temperature swings, and the reduction in the number of hours with excessive operative temperatures. This has been done by literature searches, and experimental and analytical assessments. This thesis mainly concerns office buildings in the Norwegian climate. However, the methods used and the results obtained from this work are transferable to other countries with similar climates and building codes.
Within the limitations of this thesis and based on the findings from all parts and papers this thesis comprises, it is shown that utilization of thermal mass in office buildings reduces the daytime peak temperature, reduces the diurnal temperature swing, decreases the number of hours with excessive temperatures, and increases the ability of a space to handle daytime heat loads. Exposed thermal mass also contributes to decrease the net cooling demand in buildings. However, thermal mass is found to have only a minor influence on the heating demand in office buildings.
The quantity of the achievements is dependent on the amount of exposed thermal mass, night ventilation strategy, and airflow rates. In addition, parameters such as set point temperatures, control ranges, occupancy patterns, daytime ventilation airflow rates, and prevailing convection regimes are influential for the achieved result. The importance of these parameters are quantified and discussed.
Hovedmålene med denne avhandlingen har vært å evaluere hvordan, under hvilke forutsetninger og i hvilken utstrekning termisk masse kan bidra til å redusere netto energibehov i kontorbygninger. Avhandlingen vurderer også hvilke potensielle fordeler termisk masse har for det termiske inneklimaet, dvs. reduksjon av maksimumstemperatur, temperatursvingninger og antall timer med overtemperaturer. Disse undersøkelsene er gjort gjennom søk i litteraturen, feltstudier og analytiske metoder. Avhandlingen omfatter i hovedsak kontorbygninger under norske forhold, men metodene og resultatene er overførbare til andre land med sammenlignbare klimatiske forhold og byggeskikk.
Innenfor avgrensningene gjort i avhandlingen og basert funnene i de ulike delene og artiklene avhandlingen består av, er det vist at utnyttelse av termisk masse i kontorbygg bidrar til å redusere netto energibehov. Termisk masse reduserer også maksimumstemperaturen dagtid, demper temperaturvariasjonene over døgnet og reduserer antall timer med overtemperaturer. Utnyttelse av termisk masse bidrar også til at rom kan tåle en høyere intern varmelast enn lette rom uten at dette går ut over den termiske komforten. Termisk masse har imidlertid liten betydning for energibehovet for oppvarming i kontorbygg.
Gevinsten med å utnytte termisk masse avhenger av tilgjengeligheten av eksponerte tunge materialer, strategi for nattventilasjon og ventilasjonsluftmengder. I tillegg innvirker parametere som settpunkttemperaturer, dødbånd og kontrollintervaller for ventilasjonen og bruksmønster. Innvirkningen av disse parametrene er diskutert og kvantifisert.
Sehic, Sanel. « Termisk komfort : Jämförelse mellan trä- och betongkonstruktioner ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177966.
Texte intégralThermal comfort has a decisive role for the well-being and overall comfort for humans in indoor environments. Too often, the importance of materials is underestimated for thermal comfort and ventilation systems are overestimated, but the fact is that basic conditions for thermal comfort are mostly affected by material related factors. For example, as soon as we walk into a room, we begin to lose and gain heat to and from different material in our environment because of the radiation properties of the material. When we place a warm foot on a cooler floor, heat will flow from our foot to the material due to the thermal conductivity of the material and when fluctuations occur in the outdoor temperature, it is primarily the thermal effusivity of thematerial that determines the smoothness of the indoor temperature. The purpose of this report is to identify the properties that affect thermal comfort in wood and concrete structures, as well as to investigate to which extent these properties affecting the rmalcomfort differ between the materials. Although there is enough knowledge related to building materials to answer my purpose, there is no study that analyses and compares which characteristics distinguish between wood and concrete structures and to what extent in terms of thermal comfort. For this reason, this report will be a research and literature review, but it is unique in that it binds together building materials characteristics and thermal comfort. The building material whose properties created the best conditions for recommended thermal comfort proved to be concrete. The biggest reason is the high thermal effusivity of concrete, in other words, the ability to store heat during the day when it is warmer and release it at night when it is colder, which results in a relatively even internal temperature.
Massari, Letizia. « Ottimizzazione delle prestazioni energetiche di un edificio residenziale tramite strumenti di monitoraggio e simulazioni in regime dinamico ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17657/.
Texte intégralDi, Giammarco Paolo. « Stato dell'arte dei sistemi di ventilazione dei teatri operatori e problematiche ai tempi del COVID-19 ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Trouver le texte intégralDi, Leva Lucia. « L'evoluzione dei sistemi di riscaldamento e analisi dei livelli di comfort termico. Proposte di miglioramento negli ambienti storici e contemporanei ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Trouver le texte intégralBARBIERO, MARCO. « Controllo termico del comfort in edifici pubblici e residenziali con compensazione dei disturbi tramite feed-forward basato sulla trasformata di Fourier ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3446013.
Texte intégralOptimizing energy consumption for buildings heating and cooling has always been a goal for energy engineers, but, in recent years, this branch is gaining momentum. The most important motivation is obviously economic savings but politics has also made its contribution. A building, especially if built during the new millennium, has a lot to offer to reduce energy utilization. In this thesis, an approach for modelling and control of a building is presented. Even the focus is on residential buildings, the work can be easily adapted to large public buildings as well. We developed a methodology based on the Lumped-Parameter method to obtain a digital twin of the building, carefully modelling external disturbances too. The equivalent electrical model was then developed and, using a graph-based algorithm, it was possible to solve the electrical network in closed form and obtain the representation of the linear system in state space. Using real blueprints and data, we built a digital twin and simulate its behaviour using \textsc{Matlab}/Simulink. Subsequently, a controller based on LQR and feed forward was proposed and developed to control the system. The innovative part of the work is the use of a frequency feed forward based on historical profiles. Exploiting the fact that external disturbances, temperature and Sun irradiance, are quasi-periodic signals, an average profile can be defined . Then, the profile is decomposed into all its frequencies to weight the impact of each one according to their contribution to the system output. The profile is transformed into the frequency domain using Discrete Fourier Transform and the corresponding rejection signal is created for each frequency. All contributes are then summarized, thus calculating the control signal to be applied in each period. The same operation can be done for the reference signal, which is usually in the form of a square wave. It is therefore possible to obtain a offline nominal control for periodic signals by matching input and output harmonics, since these signals are constant in frequency domain. To improve performance, the profiles can be adapted using the weather forecast of the next day, i.e., minimum and maximum outdoor temperature and maximum Sun irradiance, which can be easily obtained from local weather service thanks to the Internet. Due to the CoViD outbreak, the validation of the control system has been carried out in simulation, using the digital twin created previously. The results show how the new technique brings an up to 275\% improvement in temperature tracking compared to the PID solution, using a lower amount of energy. Furthermore, the feed forward part shows to be reliable and allows to reduce up to 12\% the tracking error. The feed forward system also proved to be an excellent starting point for access to energy trading, as it provides a sufficiently detailed overview of the expected consumption for the next day, divided into time slots.
Lopes, Edmar Maria Lima. « Desempenho termico da espuma poliuretana a base de oleo de mamona utilizada em componentes da edificação (subcoberturas) : estudo em Ilha Solteira, SP ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257753.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O óleo de mamona após seu processamento e síntese, dá origem a uma poliuretana, termicamente compatível com as poliuretanas de origem petroquímica, mas com toxidade quase nula e baixa flamabilidade. A utilização da espuma de mamona é ecologicamente correta por tratar-se de uma fonte vegetal renovável, não tóxica durante o seu manuseio Através da experimentação de 4 (quatro) células-teste em escala 1: 1 foram utilizadas placas de espuma poliuretana de mamona, como isolante térmico em coberturas. A diferença entre as células-teste apresenta-se na localização das placas de resina poliuretana. Na quarta célula-teste (casa 4), está localizada a central de tomada dos dados. Na primeira (casa 1), a espuma poliuretana encontra-se em forma "sandwich", localizada entre as telhas de fibrocimento. A segunda (casa 2), não possui nenhum tipo de isolamento térmico - é a célula-teste utilizada como referência para este estudo e na terceira (casa 3), a espuma poliuretana é colocada diretamente sobre a laje. O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar comparativamente, a resposta térmica das coberturas utilizando a espuma poliuretana de mamona como isolante térmico na cobertura, englobando duas estações climáticas, final do verão e o inverno. Em diferentes períodos da pesquisa utilizou-se as telhas de fibrocimento em sua cor natural e com a telha pintada na cor branca. Foram registradas as temperaturas de bulbo seco, bulbo úmido e de globo internas e externas do ar e as temperaturas superficiais dos elementos construtivos componentes da cobertura. A análise dos dados foi feita comparando-se as temperaturas de cada uma das células - teste, com as temperaturas externas, tomadas por uma pequena estação meteorológica. O experimento foi desenvolvido na cidade de Ilha Solteira/SP, região noroeste do estado A célula-teste 1 (casa 1), que possui o isolante térmico em forma "sandwich " entre as telhas e com as telhas pintadas na cor branca, apresentou melhor desempenho térmico, para utilização no inverno-seco e, a célula-teste 3 (casa 3), com o isolante diretamente sobre a laje e com as telhas pintadas de branco, demonstrou melhor comportamento térmico no verão quente-úmido.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to describe an experimental study using castor oil foam as an insulating material inside the roof. The castor oil foam inside the roof is an appropriate natural recycled material as a passive cooling strategy as opposite to the burning of fossil fuels for air conditioning (AC) and mechanical ventilation. The expected result of this research is the possibility of contributing to improve thermal comfort and quality of life in the built environment. This experimental study is based on collecting data under real climate conditions of temperature and humidity to investigated the thermal performance in four test-cells with castor oil foam inside their roofs, in the city of Ilha Solteira located at northwest region of São Paulo State, in Brazil. In this research four test-cells constructions were used for data collection of ambient and surfaces temperatures with dimensions 3,00 x 2,00 x 2,50 m in real scale. The first test-cell was composed with insulating material like a sandwich. The second one with no insulating material was taken by reference. The third one was had insulating material on the flag and on the fourth was found the central of data collection. This work compared about the behavior in the test-cells applying castor oil foam on four different periods of the year: two on the summer and two in the winter. Results showed up the best thermal performance on the summer period was demonstrated on the test-cell no 3, presenting white roofing. Otherwise in the winter, the best thermal behavior was presented on the test cell no 1, with white roofing, too.
Universidade Estadual de Campi
Arquitetura e Construção
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Gil, Castro Roberson Manuel André, et Claes Evald Henriksson. « Optimering av dubbelspaltigt värmefönster ». Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283609.
Texte intégralDeveloped to maintain thermal comfort and reduce exergy usage, Free Heat Exchange Window [FHEW] is a modern window design aimed to replace current heat systems in homes and office buildings. Based on the double slot concept, the window can be used as a heat source during cold winter days and heat sink during warmer summer days. To evaluate if the technology is viable to maintain thermal comfort and determine its optimal parameters with respect to energy efficiency, two different models will be made. One is based on computer simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics and one is based on analytical equations in MATLAB. The results from both models proved that a higher inflow temperature and a lower flow rate was prefered to minimize power demand. On the contrary, a lower inflow temperature and a higher flow rate is preferred to achieve the best thermal comfort. The differences between the choice of insulation gas gave unnoticeable deviation for indoor heat exchange for high flow rates. An alternative window model could reposition the insulation gas-gap to be between the whole system and the outdoors environment, instead of having it installed between the flowing air-gaps, for better use of the low thermal conductivity. The computer simulation is finally compared with an equivalent model using regular single slot windows and radiators as heaters. This model requires less energy but is less flexible and induces a less desirable thermal comfort. The computer simulation is due to its assumptions and in some instances implausible results only recommended to be compared to similar models, rather than real data.
Barberio, Serena. « Analisi del comportamento dinamico dei pannelli radianti a bassa inerzia e convenzionali ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22454/.
Texte intégralDel, Rosso Alessandro. « Calibrazione del modello energetico dinamico di una palazzina uffici e successiva analisi di interventi di riqualificazione energetica ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18283/.
Texte intégralMaciel, Marcela Marçal e. « Habitação em madeira no tropico umido : avaliação do conforto termico em prototipo de madeira na cidade de Belem-Para ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257737.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Exame de Qualificação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas-SP. Na Amazônia estão concentradas grandes riquezas naturais brasileiras, porém muitas vezes não são preservadas ou exploradas de maneira sustentável. Com a arquitetura ocorre o mesmo. Um dos grandes desafios para os profissionais atuantes na área da construção civil e arquitetura é o desenvolvimento de produtos e sistemas construtivos que, juntamente com a prática do uso racional dos recursos naturais, incrementem a produtividade, reduzam o tempo de execução, incentivem o uso de matéria prima local, gerando menor custo final ao consumidor. Especialmente em Belém, capital do Estado do Pará, a arquitetura busca, há algum tempo, uma identidade com a região em que está inserida, e isso vem acontecendo, graças ao esforço de alguns arquitetos que se preocupam em fazer edificações adequadas ao clima quente-úmido da região. Nesse contexto, surge a madeira como um material de um potencial altíssimo, tanto pela abundância com que é encontrada na natureza, como pelo fato de ser proveniente de fonte renovável. Essa pesquisa teve enfoque na região Amazônica, e em especial na cidade de Belém-Pará. Avaliou o conforto térmico e o desempenho térmico de diferentes alternativas de painéis de fechamento em dois protótipos de madeira construídos na Embrapa - Amazônia Oriental, através de medições dos parâmetros ambientais - temperatura, umidade, temperatura do globo e velocidade do ar, a fim de verificar qual painel de fechamento possui maior eficácia no controle das exigências climáticas. Foi realizada, ainda, uma pesquisa acerca de aplicação da madeira em projetos habitacionais de interesse social, por órgãos públicos ou privados. Essa pesquisa visou contribuir com informações técnicas para a melhoria do conforto ambiental das habitações em madeira na região de clima quente-úmido e, discutir alternativas que visem a valorizar a madeira como material de construção de maneira de maneira sustentável
Abstract: In the Amazonian Region there is a great concentration of natural resources, however in most cases they are not preserved or explored in a sustainable way. In architecture things are not different. One of the great challenges for the active professionals in architecture and building area is the development of products and constructive systems which allow for the practice of the rational use of the natural resources, to increase the productivity and to reduce the time of execution, to incentive the use of local raw material, generating smaller final cost to the consumer. Especially in Belém, capital of the State of Pará, there are a number of professionals looking for an identity with the region, due to the effort of some architects concerned with appropriate constructions to the hot-humid climate. In this context, wood is a material with high potential, since it is abundant in the nature, and comes from a renewable source. This research has its focus in the Amazonian area, especially in the city of Belém-Pará. Thermal comfort and thermal performance of different alternatives of closing panels in two wood prototypes built in Embrapa - Amazonia Oriental are analyzed through measurements of environmental parameters - air temperature, humidity, globe temperature and air speed, in order to verify which panel is more effective in the control of the climatic demands. A research concerning the possibilities of use of wood in habitation projects of social interest was accomplished, for public or private organs. This research aims to contribute with technical information for the improvement of environmental comfort of wood houses in the hot-humid regions and to look for alternatives to discuss the use of wood as building material in a sustainable way
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Xie, Tian. « Multi-zone modeling of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of a hospital ward : a summer case study ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7160.
Texte intégralTomassoni, Elisa. « Studio analitico - sperimentale di involucri ad alta efficienza energetica in clima Mediterraneo ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242895.
Texte intégralThis research is aimed at identifying, analytically and experimentally, the performance of several envelopes in high efficiency residential buildings under a Mediterranean climate, in terms of energy performance, thermal comfort and sustainability. The high efficiency buildings attract considerable attention since the recent Directives 2010/31/EU e 2012/27/EU set as an objective the standard of nearly zero energy building for new constructions. The German Passivhaus standards represent a good model to be followed in cold climates while the adoption of this model in Mediterranean climates caus es summer overheating problems. The new Directives recently highlighted the importance to consider the specific climate, however the development of constructive techniques for energy efficient envelopes suitable for a Mediterranean climate still remains an open question. Therefore the aim of the study is to verify, analytically and experimentally, the perfor mance of super insulated wooden envelopes, typical of the Passivhaus model, in hot summer temperate climates and to compare them with different types of construction techniques characterized by higher thermal inertia, commonly adopted in the Mediterrane an area. The aim is also to evaluate, experimentally and analytically, the behavior of a mixed weight technique identified as a possible solution to the summer overheating prob lem since on the inner side of the lightweight and super insulated wooden envelope, a mas sive panel was adopted. The method adopted set up an integrated strategy between monitoring and calibrated simulations on experimental data, and involved the simultaneous analysis of several aspects such as energy performance, comfort and environmental economic sustainability through a multidisciplinary approach. The study is also carried out through the adoption of different evaluation methods for each analyzed aspect and it involved a series of parametric analyses to generalize the results to various climate zones, use patterns of plants and passive cooling techniques. In high efficiency residential buildings located in a Mediterranean climate, where the summer thermal performance is a priority, lightweight solutions, even if they have a lower environmental impact, present overheating problems which can be solved through the adoption of appropriate passive strategies, such as the increase of the thermal inertia on the inner side and the night ventilation of the environments.
Ayres, Mário Carlos Rodrigues. « Influência do sombreamento natural de duas espécies arbóreas na temperatura de edificações / ». Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101725.
Texte intégralAbstract: The objective of this research was to study different arboreal species in relation to the shading and its effects on temperature of a constructed environment, from measurements of temperatures of the globe and of the air, relative humidity and speed of the wind. The research was developed at Brazilian company of farming research/Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, on Dourados City, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The shading of two arboreal species, Sibipiruna tree (Caelsalpinia peltophoroides) and Flamboyant tree (Delonix regia) had been analyzed in relation to the attenuation of the temperature in internal environments, provided for the shade of each one of the species, in opened constructions. The data had been collected in two modules of wooden construction and covered with asbestos-cement roofing tiles, located under the sun and in the shade of the analyzed species. In these modules, they had been gotten data of temperature of the air, relative humidity and temperature of the black globe. The data of speed of the wind had been gotten at Meteorological Station from Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste. With the gotten data, the percentages of attenuation of the temperature for each one of the modules and the relative variations of the temperatures of the air and of the black globe had been calculated. Evaluating the results gotten, it is observed that the natural shading produced by Sibipiruna tree provided to the shade an attenuation on temperature of the black globe of 2.82ºC and on temperature of the air of 0.96ºC lesser than the data gotten under the sun, and a percentage of attenuation of 8.34 % and 3.16%, respectively. Analyzing the results, it is observed that the natural shading of Flamboyant tree produced to the shade an attenuation on temperature of the black globe of 3.96ºC and...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Orientador: Luiz Antonio Targa
Coorientador: Paula Pinheiro Padovese Peixoto
Banca: Marco Antonio M. Biaggioni
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Conte
Banca: Manoel Carlos Gonçalves
Francisco Jose Blasi de T. Piza
Doutor
Boåsen, Filip, et Stiven Khaled. « Termisk komfort med golvvärme eller luftvärme ». Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231582.
Texte intégralWhen most people spend a larger part of the day indoors, it is important to have a good thermal comfort, as the thermal comfort affects the experience that you perceive when you are at work, at home or at school. This may then affect the health if the thermal comfort does not meet the requirements. The purpose of the survey is to investigate low temperature system performance in terms of thermal comfort and if it meets the requirements. The survey uses calculation data from previously performed surveys, as the calculations are validated by comparison with other surveys. In this survey we explore the differences between floor heating and air heating, where we look at how the different systems are compared to each other under controlled conditions regarding thermal comfort. The different systems under investigation are air heating placed on the wall, air heating placed under a window, floor heating evenly distributed over the floor and floor heating that has extra loops under windows. The study will carry out a literature study that will be based on the topic of low temperature and how the different systems work and how they can be used at low temperatures. In this survey, the operating temperature PMV, PPD and DR-index are considered to get a good idea of how thermal comfort is experienced regarding floor heating or air heating. The survey has given good results, since the difference in thermal comfort between the different systems has been minimal and fulfilled all BBR requirements. The results have been compared to previous studies of low temperature technology, as the results coincide well with minor deviations. To choose one of the four systems that have been shown superior in terms of thermal comfort, floor heating with extra loops under windows has been proven to be the better option, as PMV and PPD as well as values are below the recommendation for thermal comfort.
Arnesano, Marco. « Design of a comfort based smart metering system for sport and recreational buildings ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242712.
Texte intégralThis work summarizes the design and development of a comfort-based smart metering-system dedicated to sport facilities. Smart metering systems are usually designed only to monitor energy, while comfort is often neglected. This is on the contrary particularly im-portant in these facilities because of the intense activities carried out and the desire to maintain a sense of well-being. The different functionalities are developed in agreement with this approach, involving energy monitoring, comfort evaluation, sensors network op-timization, data analysis and display for the end user. Comfort indices (PMV, predicted mean vote, and PPD, predicted percentage of dissatisfied) are used instead of the only air temperature, accompanied by a calibration procedure and global sensitivity analysis. The calibration procedure is based on the comparison between subjective comfort through sur-veys and objective measurement with a microclimate station. This analysis, applied at two real cases (swimming pool and gym), reveals a drift of the thermal neutrality which is used as correction factor. The global sensitivity analysis is useful on one hand to apply some simplification hypothesis to avoid the measurement of the low-sensitive variables and, on the other hand, to identify which variables are more important in this field of application. The measurement system has to be deployed in very large spaces with a sufficiently cost-effective sensor network and with an accuracy suitable for feedback to the control systems. In order to reduce the impact of the uncertainty, due to the horizontal distribution and air stratification, a dedicated tool has been developed which provides the optimal number and position of temperature sensors in the space with a potential energy saving that has been assessed with a simulation model. The designed solution is part of the development of a dedicated BMS (Building Management System) for sport and recreational buildings in the framework of the European Project FP7 SportE2.
Moreno, Paola. « Environmental Natural Processes that Achieve Thermal Comfort in Multifamily Buildings in Hot Arid Regions ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603491.
Texte intégralIdini, Adriano. « Influenza del circuito di distribuzione di un impianto a pompa di calore sulle prestazioni energetiche e sul comfort termico percepito in una palazzina uffici ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Trouver le texte intégralCLAUDI, Livia. « A soft-sensing approach for measuring acoustic comfort in buildings ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/263188.
Texte intégralOccupants’ well-being is one of the main aspects to be considered in buildings design and refurbishment. The indoor environment impacts significantly on health and work productivity. Comfort is a very broad concept since it regards multiple aspects (indoor air quality, acoustic, thermal and visual comfort). Acoustic comfort is a complex topic because of its dependence on both physical and physiological variables. Despite being an important concept, it is vaguely defined and explored in literature. In fact, although the construction industry is facing the issue of requalifying existing buildings to increase performance, acoustic comfort is not yet one of the main drivers due to the lack of holistic reference procedures. The research presents the development and the application of a methodology for measuring acoustic comfort of buildings, using a soft-sensing approach. The soft-sensor provides a measurement system, which takes into account experimental, simulated, assumed and subjective data, through which the building acoustic quality, in relation to the outdoor surrounding noise level, can be evaluated. The metric is represented by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), which express buildings acoustic comfort and make possible the comparison among performance of different existing buildings. The evaluation system based on KPIs can be applied in buildings renovations for evaluating the acoustic quality of buildings before and after the retrofitting, supporting the stakeholders in the evaluation stage. In particular, two KPIs have been developed: the “objective KPI”, which provides information regarding the acoustic comfort of the building, with normalized value for simplified quantification of acoustic performance, and the “subjective KPI”, which aims at validating the objective one, since it is based on the assessment of the occupants’ rating. Several case studies are used to demonstrate the exploitability of the soft-sensing method, using in-field measurements combined with calculation models and subjective data. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are performed to establish how the accuracy of the KPIs measurement impacts on the decision-making process. The application of the methodology has shown promising results in the identification of the best retrofit strategy. The soft-sensor system for buildings’ acoustic comfort measurement has been integrated within the European project New TREND (H2020) and applied on one demo-case in order to demonstrate its usability and reliability.
ZAMPETTI, LORENZO. « Development of a low-cost system for thermal comfort measurement and control ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245525.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation summarizes the development and validation of innovative low cost systems for monitoring and controlling indoor environments. The systems explained in this document have their roots in the first version of Comfort Eye, an innovative thermal comfort measurement system, which is already documented in literature. This device can measure several environmental parameters in the room to obtain a real-time comfort assessment in multiple points of the space, according to ISO 7726 standard. Starting at this point, in the first part a new prototype of the monitoring system has been developed and tested highlighting improved features and measurement performances. Through single sensors calibration and uncertainty models from the GUM (Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement), the rated accuracy of the prototype in PMV measurement is ±0.1. The second part of the thesis is regarding an innovative subzonal HVAC control system, using the comfort data provided by Comfort Eye as controlled variable. That system has been designed and validated through some tests in an office-type environment, achieving an energy saving of 20%. The third and last part of this document finally shows another potential application of the Comfort Eye sensor: a people detection system for indoor ambient, with advanced counting and locating capabilities, has been tested inside office environment. The first attempt of validation shows an accuracy of 70% in detecting people.
Terpolilli, Luca. « Valutazione dell'influenza dei sottosistemi di emissione e regolazione sul comfort termico interno e sui consumi energetici di una palazzina per uffici mediante il software TRNSYS ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Trouver le texte intégralLarek, Adrian, et Jimmy Tran. « Inverkan av värmesystem på termisk komfort i ett flerbostadshus med hänsyn till energianvändning ». Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170439.
Texte intégralThe indoor climate plays a crucial role in human health and well-being when people are indoors for nearly half their life. There are several aspects to how one should achieve good indoor climate, but the more significant aspects are both good air quality and thermal comfort. Simultaneously one must regard that the reduction of energy has an important role in today’s development. While trying to reduce energy consumption in order to facilitate the environmental load, it raises the questions whether the thermal comfort is affected by this. The purpose of the report will lie in the identification of a heating system for a given apartment building in the Stockholm area, with a focus on thermal comfort and energy use. The evaluation is based on various types of impacts from various systems that have been computed in IDA ICE. A reference case for an apartment building was used as a basis and was modeled according to architectural and constructional drawings while input data was used according to Sveby. It will also include the environmental certifications used in Sweden and specify their requirements regarding the thermal comfort, and each focus area as various environmental certifications have different assessment criteria’s. During this study it was found that we rarely take into account the thermal comfort in the same way we do with the energy consumption. It has also been found that in cases where the requirements for the thermal comfort exist, it is often insufficiently defined to provide one with a good perception of comfort. The requirements do, in other words, not take into account how well a building performs during a whole year but instead focuses on one instantaneous value. For the simulation a sensitivity analysis was made that revealed the importance and necessity of a clear standard for undefined variables to express the people’s assessment of thermal comfort. After the simulation part, the energy calculations were examined according to a review template from WSP Systems. This provided a basis for fair consideration. From the obtained results it was shown that floor heating and increasing the setpoint to 22 °C gave an increased thermal comfort but at the same time an increase in energy use. An HVAC system with a heat exchanger and radiators resulted in reduced energy use by about a third from the reference case and a slight increase in current thermal comfort. It also proved that the choice of an HVAC system with heat exchanger produced the highest annual energy savings. However one must take into account installation costs for different types of systems as opposed to when the setpoint is increased to 22 °C. Thus it becomes a cost issue and a critical parameter for selecting among these three types of solutions.
Ayres, Mário Carlos Rodrigues [UNESP]. « Influência do sombreamento natural de duas espécies arbóreas na temperatura de edificações ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101725.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o estudo de diferentes espécies arbóreas quanto ao sombreamento e seus efeitos na temperatura de um ambiente construído, a partir de medições de temperaturas de globo e do ar, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, no município de Dourados-MS. Foram analisados o sombreamento de duas espécies arbóreas, a Sibipiruna (Caelsalpinia peltophoroides) e o Flamboyant (Delonix regia), quanto à atenuação da temperatura em ambientes internos, proporcionada pela sombra de cada uma das espécies, em edificações abertas. Os dados foram coletados em dois módulos de edificação de madeira e cobertos com telhas de fibro-cimento, localizados ao sol e à sombra das espécies analisadas. Nestes módulos foram obtidos dados de temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e temperatura de globo negro. Os dados de velocidade do vento foram obtidos na Estação Meteorológica da Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste. Com os dados obtidos foram calculadas as porcentagens de atenuação da temperatura para cada um dos módulos e as variações relativas das temperaturas do ar e de globo negro. Avaliando-se os resultados obtidos, observou-se que o sombreamento natural produzido pela Sibipiruna proporcionou à sombra uma atenuação na temperatura de globo negro de 2,82ºC e na temperatura do ar de 0,96ºC menor em relação aos dados obtidos ao sol e, uma porcentagem de atenuação de 8.34 % e 3,16% respectivamente. Analisando-se os resultados, observou-se que o sombreamento natural do Flamboyant produziu à sombra uma atenuação na temperatura de globo negro de 3,96ºC e na temperatura do ar de 1,26ºC menor em relação aos dados obtidos ao sol e, uma porcentagem de atenuação de 9.62% e 3,46% respectivamente...
The objective of this research was to study different arboreal species in relation to the shading and its effects on temperature of a constructed environment, from measurements of temperatures of the globe and of the air, relative humidity and speed of the wind. The research was developed at Brazilian company of farming research/Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, on Dourados City, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The shading of two arboreal species, Sibipiruna tree (Caelsalpinia peltophoroides) and Flamboyant tree (Delonix regia) had been analyzed in relation to the attenuation of the temperature in internal environments, provided for the shade of each one of the species, in opened constructions. The data had been collected in two modules of wooden construction and covered with asbestos-cement roofing tiles, located under the sun and in the shade of the analyzed species. In these modules, they had been gotten data of temperature of the air, relative humidity and temperature of the black globe. The data of speed of the wind had been gotten at Meteorological Station from Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste. With the gotten data, the percentages of attenuation of the temperature for each one of the modules and the relative variations of the temperatures of the air and of the black globe had been calculated. Evaluating the results gotten, it is observed that the natural shading produced by Sibipiruna tree provided to the shade an attenuation on temperature of the black globe of 2.82ºC and on temperature of the air of 0.96ºC lesser than the data gotten under the sun, and a percentage of attenuation of 8.34 % and 3.16%, respectively. Analyzing the results, it is observed that the natural shading of Flamboyant tree produced to the shade an attenuation on temperature of the black globe of 3.96ºC and...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Oliveira, Júnior Arilson José de. « Sistema móvel para análise de conforto térmico de animais, utilizando método interpolador IDW / ». Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191485.
Texte intégralResumo: Em ambientes de produção animal o processo de análise das condições de conforto térmico pode ser realizado mediante o cálculo de índices de conforto térmico e da elaboração de mapas de variabilidade espacial de parâmetros meteorológicos e dos próprios índices de conforto térmico. Os métodos atuais para análise do bem-estar animal, especificamente aqueles por meio de mapas de índices de conforto térmico, são realizados em programas de computador utilizando-se softwares específicos de interpolação de dados. Esses processos, por sua vez, não permitem que avaliações de conforto térmico sejam realizadas facilmente no próprio local de coleta de dados. Assim, esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver um sistema para criação de mapas de variabilidade espacial da temperatura do ar e de índices de conforto térmico de animais, utilizando o método interpolador IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted), ou Inverso da Distância Ponderada. O sistema desenvolvido é composto por um aplicativo Android e dispositivos de transmissão e recepção de dados meteorológicos. O aplicativo foi desenvolvido por meio da linguagem de programação orientada a objetos Java, mediante o ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado Android Studio. Já os dispositivos móveis foram criados utilizando-se sensores de baixo custo de temperatura do ar, temperatura de globo negro e umidade relativa, juntamente com microcontroladores de plataforma eletrônica de código aberto – Arduino. O algoritmo desenvolvido para o aplic... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In animal production environments, the process of analysis of thermal comfort conditions may be carried out through the calculation of the thermal comfort index and the creation of maps showing spatial variabilities of meteorological parameters and the thermal comfort indexes. The current methods for analysis of animal well fare, especially those including maps of thermal comfort indexes, are carried out using computer programs with specific software of data interpolation. On the other hand, these processes don’t allow the evaluations of thermal comfort to be easily performed in the data collection site. Therefore, the aim of this study was developing a system for creation of maps with spatial variability of the air temperature and thermal comfort of animals, using the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) interpolation method. The system created is formed by an Android app and devices of transmission and reception of meteorological data. The app was developed using the Java programming language, through the Android Studio integrated development environment. The mobile devices were made using low cost air temperature, black globe temperature and relative humidity sensors, and microcontrollers of open source electronic platform – Arduino. The algorithm developed for the Android app was validated by means of comparing the air temperature figures measured, and those interpolated by the app in a broiler shed. On the other hand, the transmission and reception of data were validated via ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Walldén, Jimmy. « Termisk stigning i höga byggnader : Vindens påverkan ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156939.
Texte intégralOne of the main requirements a building have is to provide thermal comfort inside it. Therefore, large parts of the energy consumptions is used to control the indoor climate in order to maintain a comfortable level in the building. It’s alleged that around 40 % of this energy is added due to energy losses through opening and leakages in the buildings enclosure. Considering the world’s increasing energy requirements, where among other things one future requirement is to build nearly-zero energy buildings, is this something that needs to be improved. It’s therefore important to understand how, and also why this air infiltration occurs and what’s affecting it. This master thesis contains of three different types of simulation studies where the air inside a high-rise building, and also the wind flow around it was analyzed. One of these three studies was performed with the simulation program IDA ICE, where the air infiltration was examined. The other two studies were performed with the CFD-software, COMSOL Multiphysics v5.4. One of these CFD-studies examined the thermal flow that occurs inside the building. The other one examined the wind’s flow pattern outside the building and why the air infiltration behavior is like it is. The results from the IDA ICE simulations shows that it’s possible to decrease the infiltration rate of air into the building from 1384 l/s to 804 l/s by taking the exterior door’s position relative the incoming wind’s direction into account. They also show that the infiltration inflow is highest on the ground floor before it starts to decrease and then change and becomes an outflow on the the higher floors. The results from the first CFD-study describes how the movements of the warmer air inside the building changes when colder air flows in on the ground floor. This changed air movement pattern makes the warmer air rise, and thus flow out through the enclosure on the higher parts of the building. The other CFD-study describes how the flow pattern of the outside wind changes around the building when the winds angle of incidence varies. The changed flow pattern causes varying pressure differences, both on the outside and the inside of the building. This is therefore the explanation to why the infiltration rate is greatest when the wind blows straight towards the opened door on the building instead of with other angles of incidence. The conclusion is that the placement of exterior doors on high-rise buildings relative to the outside wind should be taken into account when new buildings are built or when a renovation of an existing building should be made. This to minimize air infiltration through buildings and thereby reduce problems infiltration can cause.