Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Coloranti organici »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Coloranti organici"
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Nascimento, Matheus Vinícios Leal do, Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos, João Victor Costa, Juliana Trindade Martins, Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas et Leandro José Grava de Godoy. « Durability and concentration of organic colorant in the visual quality of Discovery TM bermudagrass ». Ornamental Horticulture 26, no 4 (décembre 2020) : 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v26i4.2211.
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Abstract The painting of sports turfs with colorants is a common practice, with the main objective to maintain grass appearance for maximum aesthetic quality. Colorants are used to provide green color to grasses during periods of stress and dormancy and are considered an alternative for warm weather grasses during the winter months. Recent increases in the use of colorants is due to water conservation efforts as well as lower operating costs compared to winter overseeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate durability and doses of organic colorant in terms of visual quality of DiscoveryTM bermudagrass. The experiment was installed in the field, subdivided into plots of DiscoveryTM bermudagrass treated with lawn-specific commercial, organic colorant as follows 0 ml L-1 (Control); 33 ml L-1; 50 ml L-1; 66.6 ml L-1 (manufacturer’s recommendation); 83 ml L-1; 100 ml L-1. At 10 day intervals the green color index, reflectance, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and digital images were measured and assessed. The results indicate that, given the durability of the product, doses between 66.6 and 83.3 ml L-1 are recommended.
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Mortensen, Alan. « Carotenoids and other pigments as natural colorants ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no 8 (1 janvier 2006) : 1477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678081477.
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Food colorants may be classified into synthetic, nature-identical, inorganic, and natural colorants. Natural colorants for food are made from renewable sources. Most often, the colorants are extracted from plant material, but other sources such as insects, algae, cyanobacteria, and fungi are used as well. Natural colorants are usually extracted and concentrated using either water or lower alcohols for water-soluble pigments and organic solvents for lipophilic pigments. Legislation restricts which colorants are allowed, what sources may be used for that particular colorant, what solvents may be used to extract it, and the purity of the pigment. Colorants are formulated to make them more suitable for a variety of foods and drinks (e.g., lipophilic pigments for use in beverages) and to increase their stability. The natural colorants allowed in the EU and the USA are presented. Many of these colorants are also allowed in most parts of the world. A few colorants that are not allowed in the EU and the USA, but are important food colorants in other parts of the world, are also presented.
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Marzec, Anna, Bolesław Szadkowski, Jacek Rogowski, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, Dariusz Moszyński, Przemysław Rybiński et Marian Zaborski. « Carminic Acid Stabilized with Aluminum-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonate as New Colorant Reducing Flammability of Polymer Composites ». Molecules 24, no 3 (3 février 2019) : 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030560.
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In this study, hybrid pigments based on carminic acid (CA) were synthesized and applied in polymer materials. Modification of aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate (LH) with CA transformed the soluble chromophore into an organic-inorganic hybrid colorant. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to study the structure, composition, and morphology of the insoluble LH/CA colorant. Successful modification of the LH was confirmed by the presence of interactions between the LH matrix and molecules of CA. XPS analysis corroborated the presence of CA complexes with Mg2+ ions in the LH host. The batochromic shift in UV-Vis spectra of the organic-inorganic hybrid colorant was attributed to metal-dye interactions in the organic-inorganic hybrid colorants. Strong metal-dye interactions may also be responsible for the improved solvent resistance and chromostability of the modified LH. In comparison to uncolored ethylene-norbornene copolymer (EN), a modified EN sample containing LH/CA pigment showed lower heat release rate (HRR) and reduced total heat release (THR), providing the material with enhanced flame retardancy.
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Viera, Isabel, Antonio Pérez-Gálvez et María Roca. « Green Natural Colorants ». Molecules 24, no 1 (2 janvier 2019) : 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010154.
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Although there is no legal and clear definition of the term “natural food colorant”, the market trends, and consequently industrial and commercial interest, have turned to foods with added natural pigments. This progressive substitution of artificial colorants has faced chemical complications with some colors, with a lack of stable green hues being one of them. Several strategies have been applied for green color stabilization in processed foods, from the formation of metallochlorophylls to the microencapsulation of green pigments. However, at present, the utilization of green coloring foodstuffs, which are considered an ingredient in the EU, seems to be the more successful solution for the market. Besides those topics, the present review aims to clarify the current confusion between the different chlorophyll compounds that form part of the authorized green food colorants. In this sense, legislations from different countries are compared. Finally, and in line with current concerns, the knowledge gathered so far in relation to the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of all green natural food colorants is reviewed.
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Kiseleva, Daria, Evgeny Shagalov, Elizaveta Pankrushina, Vladimir Shirokov, Arina Khorkova et Danil Danilov. « Microanalytical Investigation of Prehistoric Colorants from Uralian Rock Art (Ignatievskaya Cave and Idrisovskaya II and Zmiev Kamen’ Pictographs) ». Heritage 6, no 1 (21 décembre 2022) : 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6010004.
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Uralian parietal and rock art (cave paintings and pictographs, or “pisanitsy”) represents a unique archaeological and cultural phenomenon, comprising 90 sites stretching for more than 800 km from north to south, which date from the Paleolithic era extending into the present Holocene epoch. The identification of the nature of prehistoric colorants provides an insight into their provenance, manufacture and utilization, as well as contributing to the conservation and restoration of drawings. The studies of mineral, elemental and organic phase composition of the colorant micro-samples from the drawings of Ignatievskaya cave and Idrisovskaya II and Zmiev Kamen’ pictographs (Southern and Middle Urals, Russia) discussed in the present work were carried out using a special set of microspectroscopic methods (SEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy) offering high spatial resolution. The fatty acid composition of the organic phase was analyzed by GC–MS. The technology of colorant manufacture could have included thorough grinding and mixing of unheated hematite with an organic binder made from animal fat and a clayey extender in order to achieve the desired hue and intensity of the color. It is possible that the colorant was applied in layers (Idrisovskaya II and Zmiev Kamen’ pictographs). The development of authigenic phosphate and sulfate (gypsum) mineralization, which is observed in all studied sites, as well as oxalate encrustation on the Idrisovskaya II pictograph, indicates the conditions and processes of secondary mineral formation.
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Hashimoto, R. Y., E. S. K. Menon et J. Fiorillo. « Analysis of Metallic Pigments Used in 19th Century Japanese Prints ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (août 1999) : 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016299.
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Japanese color woodblock prints ("ukiyo-e") from the Edo (1615-1868) and Meiji periods (1868- 1912) are among the most celebrated examples of color printmaking in the world. Full-color prints became technically and commercially viable around 1765. Traditional ukiyo-e colorants were watersoluble, uniform, translucent, organic (vegetal) and inorganic pigments of very small particle size. (Synthetic colorants were also introduced from the West in the 19th C, probably beginning with "Prussian blue" in the 1820s.) A pigment was applied with a brush to a color block, and then rice flour paste was mixed with the pigment to thicken it, facilitate control and rubbing into the paper, improve the uniformity of the colorant, and avoid a dry or granular texture. The dampened paper, sized with cooked bovine skins and alum, was then placed on the block (aligning with registration marks cut into the blocks). The colorants were then pressed into the paper by rubbing a bamboo pad against the back of the paper so that the colors were absorbed on the front surface.
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Kumar, Pankaj, Prashant K. Sarswat et Michael L. Free. « Growth and Capacitive Performance of Metals Engineered Tungsten Oxide Structures and Application in Colorant Sensors ». MRS Advances 3, no 13 (2018) : 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.279.
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ABSTRACTTungsten oxide based micro and nanostructures as well as their 2-D integrated counterparts with appropriate surface modifications such as sensitization, coating of other semiconductors or growth of functional groups have been examined to enhance supercapacitance and sensing capabilities. With the goal of investigation of these changes, the electrochemical capacitance behavior of newly prepared nano and micro-structured tungsten oxide coated substrates were examined. The utilization of WO3 based sensors to differentiate edible colorant and toxic pigments, was also explored. The systematic electrochemical analysis and comparative study of selected colorants was done in order to establish a roadmap to detect model organic compounds for better preventive action.
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Marzec, Anna, Bolesław Szadkowski, Jacek Rogowski, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, Przemysław Rybiński et Mirosława Prochoń. « New Organic/Inorganic Pigments Based on Azo Dye and Aluminum-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonates with Various Mg/Al Ratios ». Materials 12, no 8 (25 avril 2019) : 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081349.
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This study set out to investigate the impact of aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonates (LHs) with various Mg/Al ratios on the formation of hybrid pigments. The colorants were also evaluated for their flame-retardant properties. In the first part of the study, the hybrid pigments were submitted to comprehensive characterization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), 27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/STEM). The relationship between the Mg/Al ratios of the LH carriers and the formation of lake pigments was explored. The TOF-SIMS spectrum of LH modified with azo chromophore (AC) showed an intense peak for the C19H15O5N2Mg+ ion, confirming metal-dye interactions. Incorporation of the organic colorant into the LH host enhanced its resistance to dissolution in organic solvent (butyl acetate), as well as improving its color stability under elevated temperatures. The second part of the study evaluated the flammability of ethylene-norbornene (EN) composites, in which the pigments had been applied as colorants. Cone calorimetry revealed that addition of the organic-inorganic pigments resulted in a substantial improvement of the flame retardancy, reflected by the decreased values of the heat release rate (HRRMAX) and total heat release parameter (THR) of the EN composites in comparison to a neat sample (unfilled EN).
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Hiawi, Furat A., et Inaam H. Ali. « Study the Interaction Adsorptive Behavior of Sunset Yellow Dye and Loratadine Drug : Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study ». Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 36, no 1 (20 janvier 2023) : 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/36.1.2974.
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The performance of drug treatment and assessments of different drugs' side effects both can be affected by the interaction between food additives and drugs. Organic compounds such as food colorants dyes are utilized as additives in a wide range of foods. In this study, the adsorption interaction behavior between the colorant food dye sunset yellow (SY) and the drug loratadine was examined. The adsorption procedure is conducted at different drug dosages, various SY dye concentrations, and different temperature (288-318K). The equilibrium data were explained by using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, but Langmuir offering the best fit model. Kinetics adsorptive behavior of sunset yellow on loratadine matched pseudo-second order kinetics. Thermodynamics study show that the process is exothermic, spontaneous and the disorder at the solid-solution interface was proven from the negative entropy (-140.556 J/ K.mol) of adsorption process.
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Palanisamy, Satish Kumar, Arun Kumar Udayakumar, Azher M. Abed, Parthasarathy Panchatcharam, Suvitha Athisaya Rajah, Bradha Madhavan et Ananth Steephen. « Computational, Investigational Explorations on Structural, Electro-Optic Behavior of Pelargonidin Organic Colorant for TiO2 Based DSSCs ». Symmetry 15, no 1 (22 décembre 2022) : 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010022.
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In an expedition for green-energy generation and to lower the cost per watt of solar energy, environmentally friendly biotic colorants were separated from Tectona grandis seeds. The prime colorant in the extract is pelargonidin which sensitizes titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photo anodes. The pelargonidin-sensitized TiO2 nanomaterials endured structural, photosensitive, spectral and current-voltage interpretations. Frontier molecular orbital analysis, physicochemical and electronic parameter computation, UV–visible and DOS spectral analysis, van der Waals prediction and molecular electrostatic potential map were performed theoretically with Gaussian tools, and IR symmetry response was computed using the crystal maker software package. The pelargonidin-sensitized TiO2-created dye-sensitized solar cells which exhibited capable solar light energy to photon conversion proficiency. For comparative purposes, the commercial P25 Degussa TiO2-based DSSC was also fabricated and its proficiency was analyzed. The commercial TiO2 exhibited 57 % higher proficiency in comparison to the sol-gel-derived TiO2-based DSSC.
Thèses sur le sujet "Coloranti organici"
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DECAVOLI, CRISTINA. « Organic dye-based photosystems for the production of solar fuels ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/376409.
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La ricerca di una nuova fonte di energia pulita è l'obiettivo per la comunità scientifica che dovrebbe essere raggiunto nei prossimi decenni. L'idrogeno ha guadagnato molta attenzione nella comunità scientifica come vettore di energia rinnovabile. Tuttavia, ora, l'obiettivo principale in campo energetico è quello di passare dalla produzione di idrogeno grigio (ottenuto da fonti fossili con successiva emissione di anidride carbonica) a quella di idrogeno verde (prodotto con zero carbon footprint).
Durante il mio dottorato di ricerca, mi sono concentrata su diverse tematiche riguardanti l'uso dei coloranti organici per migliorare la cattura della radiazione solare in dispositivi per la produzione di combustibili solari. Ho studiato due diverse applicazioni, una fotocatalitica e una fotoelettrochimica. Per queste applicazioni, ho considerato approcci covalenti e non covalenti.
In fotocatalisi, ho studiato solo un approccio non covalente tra il colorante e il donatore di elettroni sacrificali (SED). Ho deciso di non indagare su un'interazione covalente, perché, siccome il SED non può essere rigenerato dal sistema, porterebbe alla conseguente perdita di anche il colorante. In ogni caso, l'instaurazione dell'interazione supramolecolare ha favorito l'attività fotocatalitica confermando il successo del nuovo design proposto.
Riguardo alle celle fotoelettrochimiche, ho invece investigato entrambi gli approcci. Presento il primo esempio di coloranti a base di calix[4]arene impiegati nei fotoanodi di celle fotoelettrochimiche per sfruttare le loro capacità host-guest. Tuttavia, le prove di una corretta interazione host-guest benefica o infruttuosa tra i coloranti e il catalizzatore sono ancora in fase di studio. Il secondo approccio non covalente investigato è l'interazione π-π tra un colorante funzionalizzato con grafene e un catalizzatore propriamente funzionalizzato. Sono tutt'ora in corso le ulteriori caratterizzazioni e gli studi in applicazioni fotoelettrochimiche.
Riguardo all'approccio covalente, questo dovrebbe risultare più stabile e con l'immobilizzazione del catalizzatore a una distanza fissa dalla superficie del semiconduttore, è possibile evitare l'instaurarsi di interazioni dannose con il semiconduttore. Ho presentato il primo esempio di diadi a base di coloranti organici per l'applicazione di fotoanodi. Queste molecole hanno mostrato un'eccellente efficienza nell'evoluzione dell'ossigeno essendo la più alta rispetto allo stato attuale dell'arte per sistemi simili.
L'altro disegno covalente proposto è stato ottenuto durante il mio periodo all'estero a Yale University. Questo design innovativo ha fallito nell’uso in celle fotoelettrochimiche, ma questa molecola ha mostrato ottime prestazioni come semplice catalizzatore in celle elettrochimiche. Significa che questo catalizzatore possiede il giusto potenziale per ossidare l'acqua e può essere utilizzato in combinazione con una fonte di energia esterna, come i pannelli solari. Tuttavia, sono necessarie ulteriori indagini nella porzione di colorante per ottenere un migliore trasferimento di carica per le applicazioni PEC.The pursuit of a clean energy source is a goal for the scientific community that should be achieved in the following decades. In recent years, hydrogen has gained much attention in the scientific community as a renewable energy carrier. However, the main goal in the energetic field is to move from the production of grey hydrogen (obtained using fossil sources with the subsequent emission of carbon dioxide) to the evolution of green hydrogen (produced with zero carbon footprint). During my Ph. D., I have focused on different topics regarding the use of organic dyes as visible light photosensitizers in devices for the production of solar fuels through efficient light harvesting. I investigated both photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. For these applications, I considered both covalent and non-covalent approaches. In the PC application, I investigated only a non-covalent approach between the dye and the sacrificial electron donor (SED). I decided not to investigate a covalent interaction because since the system cannot regenerate the SED, it would have led to the loss of the dye as well. Regardless, the establishment of supramolecular interactions that favored the photocatalytic activity confirmed the success of the new proposed design. In the PEC application, I investigated both approaches. I present the first example of calix[4]arene-based dyes employed in photoanodes of PEC cells to exploit their host-guest capabilities. However, the evidence of the establishment of either beneficial or fruitless host-guest interaction between the dyes and the water oxidation catalyst (WOC) is still under investigation. The second non-covalent approach investigated is the π-π interaction between a graphene-functionalized dye and a suitable modified WOC. All the further characterization and PEC applications are in progress. On the other hand, the covalent approach should be the most stable, and with the immobilization of the WOC at a fixed distance from the semiconductor surface, it is possible to avoid the establishment of a detrimental interaction with the semiconductor. We presented the first example of organic-dye-based dyads for photoanode application. These molecules showed excellent efficiencies in oxygen evolution being the highest concerning the actual state of the art for similar systems. The other covalent design proposed has been obtained during my Ph. D. period abroad at Yale University. This innovative design failed in the PEC application, but this molecule exhibited very good performances as simple WOC in electrochemical cells. This means that this WOC has the right potential to oxidize water and can be used in combination with an external source of energy, such as solar panels. However further investigation in the dye portion is required to achieve a better charge transfer for the PEC applications.
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Cabau, Parra Lydia. « Design and Synthesis of Small Molecules for Organic and Grätzel Solar Cells ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/320183.
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El creixement de la població i dels nous països emergents fa que el consum energètic es dispari. Tota la població depèn d’aquest consum i com a conseqüència es depèn de les reserves de combustibles fòssils disponibles.
Una de les fonts d’energia no esgotable i que proveu a la terra d’una gran quantitat d’energia es el Sol. Aquesta Energia ja està sent explotada amb la utilització de panells solars basades en silici. No obstant degut al seu alt cost de fabricació no poden competir amb les fonts d’energia ja existents. Per tant, noves investigacions en alternatives han estat àmpliament estudiades.
Unes de les alternatives que han estat àmpliament estudiades durant aquests anys han estat les cel·les sensitivitzades amb colorant (DSSC) i les cel·les orgàniques (OPV). Les bases i el funcionament d’aquests dos tipus de dispositius es mostren en el capítol 1.
El principal estudi d’aquesta tesis es centra en el disseny i la síntesis de nous colorants per aquest tipus de dispositius. Aquests colorants tenen un paper molt important en aquests dispositius i moltes vegades la seva eficiència deriva de l’estructura d’aquests colorants degut a les reaccions que es produeixen en els dispositius.
En el Capítol 3 i 4 es presenta el disseny de dos tipus de colorants pel que fa a les cel·les sensitivitzades amb colorant (DSSC). En el capítol 3 es tracta de noves molècules orgàniques amb estructura D-π-A àmpliament estudiades com a alternativa als complexes de ruteni. En el capítol 4 les molècules sintetitzades també per DSSC són una família de porfirines, les quals són les que actualment estan mostrant més eficiència.
Per una altra banda en el capítol 5 s’ha sintetitzat també una porfirina però en aquest cas per estudiar la seva aplicabilitat en les cel·les solars orgàniques (OPV).El Crecimiento de la población I de nuevos países emergentes hace que el consume energético se dispare. Toda la población depende de este consume I como consecuencia se depende de las reservas de combustibles fósiles disponibles. Una de las Fuentes de energía no agotable y que suministra a la tierra de una gran cantidad de energía es el Sol. Esta energía ya está siendo explotada con la utilización de paneles solares basados en Silicio. Sin embargo, debido a su elevado coste de fabricación no pueden competir con fuentes de energía ya existentes. Por lo tanto, nuevas investigaciones en alternativas han estado estudiadas. Una de las alternativas que han sido más estudiadas son las Celdas sensitibizadas con colorante (DSSC) i las Celdas Orgánicas (OPV). Las bases y su funcionamiento se muestran en el capítulo 1. El principal estudio de esta tesis se centra en el diseño y la síntesis de nuevos colorantes para estos tipos de dispositivos. Estos colorantes tienen un papel muy importante en estos dispositivos y muchas veces su eficiencia deriva de la estructura del colorante debido a reacciones que se producen en el dispositivo. En el Capítulo 3 y 4 se presenta el diseño de dos tipos de colorantes para las celdas sensitibizadas con colorante. En el Capítulo 3 se muestran moléculas orgánicas con estructura D--A que han sido ampliamente estudiadas como alternativa a los complejos de rutenio. En el capítulo 4 una familia de porfirinas ha sido sintetizada debido a los prometedores resultados mostrados siendo en la actualidad las moléculas que dan más eficiencia. En el Capítulo 5 en cambio se ha sintetizado una porfirina, pero en este caso para estudiar su aplicabilidad en las celdas orgánicas (OPV)
The population is growing and the consumption of energy is dramatically increasing. All the population depends on this energy and are using fossil fuels available. One of this renewable source that gives to the earth a huge amount of energy is the sun. This source is exploited nowadays with photovoltaic devices based in silicon. However due to their high cost of production is not an alternative comparing with the existent sources. For this reason scientists of the entire world are working hard in the development of alternative devices in order to reduce the cost, decrease the contamination and increase the efficiencies among others. Some of alternatives that have been widely studied during the last years have been the Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) and Organic Solar Cells (OPV). Basic principles of these devices are showed in Chapter 1. Principally the study of this thesis was focused in the design and synthesis of new sensitizers for these devices. These sensitizers play an important role in these devices and many times their structure depends on the efficiency of the device. In Chapter 3 and 4 the design and synthesis of two kinds of sensitizers and their applicability in DSSC is showed. In chapter 3 the sensitizers are organic dyes with a structure of D-π-A widely studied as alternative to the ruthenium complexes. In chapter 4 another family of sensitizers have been synthesized and also their applicability in DSSC has been studied. In this chapter the molecules are a family of porphyrins that are the molecules that nowadays are showing the most efficiency. On the other hand in Chapter 5 a new porphyrin has been synthesized but in this case to study their applicability in Organic solar Cells (OPV)
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Adiraju, Kiran A. V. « Synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic colorants ». To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Frizzera, Silvia. « Surface-enhanced vibrational techniques for the detection of synthetic organic colorants ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7568/.
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The research project object of this thesis is focused on the development of an advanced analytical system based on the combination of an improved thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate coupled with infrared (FTIR) and Raman microscopies for the detection of synthetic dyes. Indeed, the characterization of organic colorants, which are commonly present in mixtures with other components and in a very limited amount, still represents a challenging task in scientific analyses of cultural heritage materials. The approach provides selective spectral fingerprints for each compound, foreseeing the complementary information obtained by micro ATR-RAIRS-FTIR and SERS-Raman analyses, which can be performed on the same separated spot. In particular, silver iodide (AgI) applied on a gold coated slide is proposed as an efficient stationary phase for the discrimination of complex analyte mixtures, such as dyes present in samples of art-historical interest. The gold-AgI-TLC plate shows high performances related both to the chromatographic separation of analytes and to the spectroscopic detection of components. The use of a mid-IR transparent inorganic salt as the stationary phase avoids interferences of the background absorption in FTIR investigations. Moreover, by ATR microscopy measurements performed on the gold-AgI surface, a considerable enhancement in the intensity of spectra is observed. Complementary information can be obtained by Raman analyses, foreseeing a SERS activity of the AgI substrate. The method has been tested for the characterization of a mixture of three synthetic organic colorants widely used in dyeing processes: Brilliant Green (BG1), Rhodamine B (BV10) and Methylene Blue (BB9).
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Delices, Annette. « Organized Organic Dye / Hole Transporting Materials for TiO2- and ZnO- based Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (s-DSSCs) ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC066/document.
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En raison des problèmes d'instabilité à moyen termes des cellules solaires à colorant (DSSC), l'électrolyte liquide à base d'iodure a été remplacé par plusieurs types de matériaux solides transport de trous (HTM) pour obtenir des DSSCs à l'état solide (s-DSSCs). Parmi ces matériaux, l’utilisation des polymères conducteurs(PC) a attiré une attention considérable en raison de leur bonne stabilité, de leur haute conductivité et de la facilité de leur dépôt sur le semi-conducteur mésoporeux TiO2. Dans ce travail de thèse, plusieurs s-DSSCs basées sur des PC utilisés comme HTM ont été développés dans le but d'améliorer leurs performances photovoltaïques en tenant compte des deux objectifs suivants: (i) l'optimisation des processus de transfert inter facial de charge dans la cellule solaire, et (ii) l'optimisation du transport de charge dans le semi-conducteur d'oxyde de type n. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, chaque composant de la s-DSSC a été modifié afin d'étudier son effet sur les performances du dispositif final. En première tentative, une étude analytique est réalisée en faisant varier le sensibilisateur afin de déterminer les fragments de la structure du colorant, qui ont un effet important sur le processus de photopolymérization électrochimique in-situ (PEP) à la fois en milieu organique et en milieu aqueux mais aussi sur les performances des s-DSSCs. Sur la base de ces résultats, un nouveau concept a été développé et consiste en la suppression totale de l'interface entre le colorant et le HTM. Ceci est obtenu par la synthèse de nouveaux colorants liés de façon covalente à un monomère électroactif qui est co-polymérisé par la PEP in-situ. Le copolymère résultant, utilisé comme HTM, est lié de manière covalente au colorant. En outre, la nature de la liaison chimique, reliant le résidu triphénylamine TPA au monomère, est également étudiée comme un facteur clé dans les performances de s-DSSC. En outre, et pour optimiser les processus de transport de charges dans ce type de s-DSSC, de nouvelles s-DSSC basées sur ZnO ont été réalisées et étudiéesDue to instability problems of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in longtime uses, the iodine based liquidelectrolyte has been replaced by several types of solid hole transporting materials (HTM) to perform solidstate DSSCs (s-DSSCs). Among them, the substitution by conducting polymers (CP) has attractedconsiderable attention because of their good stability, high hole-conductivity and simple deposition withinthe mesoporous TiO2 semiconductor. In this thesis work, several s-DSSCs based on CPs used as HTM havebeen developed in order to improve their photovoltaic performances taking into account the following twoobjectives: (i) the optimization of the interfacial charge transfer processes within the solar cell, and (ii) theoptimization of the charge transport within the n-type oxide semiconductor. To reach these goals, eachcomponent that constitutes the device was varied in order to investigate its effect on the device’sperformances. As first attempt, an analytical study is carried out by varying the sensitizer in order todetermine the fragments of the dyes structures, that have an important effect on the in-situ photoelectrochemical polymerization process (PEP) both in organic and in aqueous media and hence on theperformances of the s-DSSCs. Based on these results, a new concept of removing completely the interfacebetween the dye and the HTM is developed. This is achieved by the synthesis of new dyes covalently linkedto an electroactive monomer which is co-polymerized by in-situ PEP. The resulting co-polymer, used asHTM, is covalently linked to the dye. In addition, the nature of the chemical bond linking the triphenylamineresidue TPA to the monomer is also investigated as a key factor in the s-DSSCs performances. Besides, andto optimize the charge transport processes within this type of s-DSSC, the elaboration of novel ZnO baseds-DSSCs has been achieved and investigated
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Josse, Pierre. « Matériaux dérivés de colorants pour le photovoltaïque organique ». Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0048.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le développement du photovoltaïque organique (OPV) depuis une vingtaine d’années a permis une hausse significative des rendements de photoconversion qui atteignent aujourd’hui 14 %. Ces progrès résultent à la fois de l’optimisation de l’architecture des cellules solaires organiques (OSCs) ainsi que de la mise au point de matériaux donneurs (D) et accepteurs (A) d’électrons performants. Cependant, la complexification notable des voies de synthèse de ces matériaux limite la production à grande échelle de modules OPV en raison de coûts de production élevés et de génération de nombreux déchets. Dans ce contexte et après un premier chapitre retraçant l’historique de l’OPV et les découvertes ayant contribuées à son succès, un deuxième chapitre traite de l’utilisation d’un colorant simple, le dicétopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), dans des matériaux de type p ou n. De nouveaux accepteurs moléculaires ont été synthétisés et l’impact de la nature des chaines solubilisantes et de l’espaceur π-conjugué sur leurs propriétés optoélectroniques est présenté. Un nouveau copolymère de DPP et de spirobifluorène, facilement accessible par des voies de synthèse plus respectueuses de l’environnement, a aussi été développé et caractérisé lors de ce travail et ses performances photovoltaïques sont détaillées. Un troisième chapitre se focalise sur le benzothioxanthène imide (BTXI), bloc encore méconnu dans le domaine de l’électronique organique. Les propriétés électroniques de ce dernier ont été caractérisées et, après une optimisation de sa voie de synthèse, des dérivés de BTXI ont été intégrés avec succès dans des dispositifs de type OSCs et transistors organiques en couche mince (OTFTs)Intense development of organicphotovoltaics (OPVs) in the last twenty years led toincreasing photoconversion efficiencies, which are nowabout 14 %. Electron donating (D) and electronaccepting (A) materials used in such solar cells havereceived considerable attention from the academicsaround the world and are still continuously improved.However, those performing materials requirenumerous synthetic steps and the use of toxicchemicals to be produced, which jeopardize their futurecommercialization.In this context, after a first chapter reviewing recentprogresses in OPV, a second chapter will focus on asimple dye, namely the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) andits use in p and n type materials.New molecular DPP-based acceptors weresynthetized and the impact of the solubilizing chainsalong with the -conjugated spacer on theirphotovoltaic properties are discussed. Then, a newDPP and spirobifluorene (SBF) based copolymer wassynthetized by a more environmentally friendlysynthetic route and its photovoltaic properties aredetailed.A third chapter focuses on the benzothioxantheneimide (BTXI), a building block that has not yettriggered much interest in the organic electronicscommunity. Electronic properties of the latter werecharacterized and, after its synthetic pathway wasoptimized, new BTXI based molecular materials weresynthesized and used in organic solar cells andorganic thin-film transistors (OTFTs)
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Pozzi, F. « DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COLORANTS OF INTEREST IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/167821.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Organic colorants obtained from natural sources such as plants and insects have been widely used as textile dyes or lake pigments for paintings, sculptures and other kinds of polychrome works of art since ancient times until the second half of the 19th century, when the industrial production of synthetic dyes had begun.
Chemical investigation of such materials is of great interest to art historians, restorers and art conservators. In fact, the analysis of ancient dyes can be of help in revealing what kind of substances were available in particular periods and geographical areas, providing valuable data about the historical context of a work of art, the lifestyle and the technical knowledge reached by a certain population in a given historical age, shedding light on the possible interactions between different cultures as well as the trade routes and commercial transactions which may have allowed the usage of a particular colorant far from its geographical source. Moreover, discovering nature and origin of the coloring substances employed in the production of a work of art can provide precious information regarding its original color and appearance, thus offering new insights into the artist’s choices and original intention, the techniques used and the dates ante quem and post quem the art object was produced, possibly leading to the uncovering of falsifications and forgeries. Furthermore, scientific analysis applied to the study of art materials and, specifically, of pigments and dyes, may contribute to assess suitable conservation and restoration procedures to be applied to paint defects and degraded pigments in works of art of any kind; in fact, time, environmental conditions and several other circumstances unavoidably cause damage and deterioration to art objects and artifacts, which therefore require careful conservation to be safeguarded as important elements of our cultural heritage.
The identification of historical dyes is currently one of the most challenging tasks in the chemical investigation of art materials, for three main reasons. First of all, colorants in works of art and archaeological textiles are usually included in complex matrixes such as paint layers or cloth fibers, where they are present in mixture with other substances, such as binding media or mordants, and in very low concentrations due to their high tinting power. Besides, sampling of art objects is always limited to microscopic fragments, when at all allowed. An additional analytical challenge is posed by the remarkable susceptibility to deterioration of organic materials, which can undergo a number of chemical degradation processes leading to the formation of specimens with a different molecular structure in comparison to the primary organic dye.
Several instrumental techniques, of both chromatographic and spectroscopic type, have been employed for the detection of colorants over the years. In recent times, the great potential of SERS has been appreciated, as the adsorption of the analyte on nanosized metal surfaces, resulting in a significant enhancement of the Raman scattering intensity and strong fluorescence quenching, leads to obtaining a specific fingerprint for many organic substances, markedly reducing the amount of sample that would be otherwise required for analysis. However, on the other hand, SERS poses a whole set of challenges, as only a small number of molecules have been studied so far and the necessity of searchable databases of reference materials is still to be fulfilled; moreover, SERS is not a separation technique, and therefore it often suffers from spectral interferences due to the presence of impurities or matrix components.
In this context, the present doctoral thesis work aims to the improvement of pre-existing analytical methods as well as to the development of innovative procedures for the identification of organic dyes of artistic and archaeological interest, with special attention being devoted to SERS. The scientific results here reported are the fruit of a research activity carried out both at Università degli Studi di Milano and in the Department of Scientific Research of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA).
First of all, an effective experimental protocol for SERS analyses on silver colloids aggregated by NaClO4 was optimized and a wide spectral database of historical natural colorants was thus assembled, containing among the others the spectra of several dyes never studied before. The SERS procedure developed, in association with complementary analytical investigations of different kind, was then successfully applied to the identification of a yellow dye in ancient wool threads from the Libyan Sahara and to the detection of several colorants in Kaitag textiles, a unique embroidered textile art form from Caucasus.
Work carried out at the Metropolitan Museum of Art comprises a comparative study of the most relevant SERS approaches recently introduced in art analysis: relative merits and drawbacks of HF hydrolysis and non-hydrolysis methodologies were evaluated, and a two-step procedure for the investigation of organic dyes in works of art was proposed. Results obtained from reference dyes were compared with those achieved on samples taken from a number of artworks and ancient objects, including masterpiece oil paintings, musical instruments, archaeological textiles and lake pigments. Watercolors from a historical Winsor & Newton handbook dating to 1887 were then characterized using SERS and ordinary Raman spectroscopies, and a database of original art materials was acquired, to be used for dating as well as in authentication and identification studies. Also, coupling of TLC and SERS was investigated and tested as a promising tool for the separation and identification of the main alkaloid constituents of Syrian rue dye. Finally, a comprehensive Raman study of monobromoindigo, component of the historical colorant Tyrian purple, was performed, together with a detailed assignment of the spectral lines observed by comparison with density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical calculations.
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Godfroy, Maxime. « Modulation des propriétés optoélectroniques de colorants organiques pour des applications en cellules photovoltaïques hybrides ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV031.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En une heure, la Terre reçoit en énergie solaire l’équivalent d’une année de consommation énergétique mondiale. Pour cette raison, les cellules photovoltaïques qui convertissent des photons en électricité, ont un rôle déterminant à jouer dans la transition énergétique imposée par les changements climatiques. Les cellules solaires sensibilisées par des colorants sont une des technologies émergentes qui ont déjà été utilisées à l’échelle industrielle à travers quelques exemples d’intégration aux bâtiments. Elles représentent une alternative esthétique et peu cher comparée aux cellules à silicium. Ces cellules hybrides dites de « Grätzel » utilisent un semi-conducteur inorganique nanostructuré sur lequel est greffé un colorant qui à l’état photo-excité va injecter des électrons dans l’oxyde. Ce sensibilisateur va être régénéré par un couple redox présent dans un électrolyte ou un transporteur de trous moléculaire qui eux-mêmes vont être régénérés à la contre-électrode. Dans ce contexte, ce travail présente les études réalisées sur certains constituants de la cellule (du semi-conducteur jusqu’au système régénérateur du colorant). La majeure partie de cette thèse concerne la synthèse et la caractérisation avancée de nouveaux semi-conducteurs organiques, des colorants ou des transporteurs de trous moléculaires, et l’étude des relations structure/propriétés. En particulier, le remplacement, la substitution ou la rigidification de groupements présents dans ces structures ont été réalisés et leur influence sur les propriétés des nouvelles molécules a été étudiée. Les colorants synthétisés présentent des maxima de la bande d’absorption à plus faible énergie allant de 440 nm à 610 nm. Les niveaux d’énergie de ces nouveaux matériaux organiques ont été déterminés par voltammétrie cyclique et également calculés et localisés par la chimie quantique. Certains composés ont été étudiés par diffraction des rayons X, par analyse thermogravimétrique ou par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage. Après une complète caractérisation, ces matériaux ont été intégrés dans des dispositifs photovoltaïques à colorants en utilisant un électrolyte liquide pour atteindre des efficacités élevées jusqu’à 9,78 % en utilisant un seul colorant et jusqu’à 10,90 % dans le cas de la co-sensibilisation du TiO2 par deux sensibilisateurs. Certains colorants ont également conduit à des efficacités se situant à l’état de l’art à 7,81 % en remplaçant l’électrolyte liquide par un liquide ionique. De plus, certains colorants dans ces mêmes dispositifs ont présenté une excellente stabilité avec une perte comprise entre 7 et 38 % après 7000 heures d’illumination continue à 1000 W.m-2 à 65 °C. Enfin, des premiers tests ont également été réalisés en dispositifs à l’état solide qui ont conduit à une efficacité 4,5 % avec un transporteur de trous de référence ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives d’application après optimisations. En parallèle, les nouveaux transporteurs de trous synthétisés dans ce travail se sont révélés efficaces en cellules à base de pérovskitesDuring one hour, the Earth receives solar energy which is equivalent to one year of the world energy consumption. For this reason, photovoltaic cells that convert photons to electricity, have a key role to play in the energetic transition imposed by climate change. Dye-sensitized solar cells are one of the emergent technologies that have already been used at the industrial scale in a few examples of building integrating. They represent an esthetic and low-cost alternative compared to silicon solar cells. These hybrid cells also named « Grätzel cells » use a nanostructured inorganic semi-conductor where a dye is grafted onto the surface and acts as a sensitizer. This dye injects electrons after photo-excitation in the oxide. The dye is regenerated by a redox couple present in a liquid electrolyte or a hole transport material that are themselves regenerated by the counter electrode. In this context, this work presents studies about some of the cell constituents (from the semi-conductor to the dye regenerating system). The major part of this thesis concerns the synthesis and the advanced characterization of organic semi-conductors, dyes or hole transport materials, and the study of the structure/properties relations. In particular, the replacement, the substitution, or the rigidification of some functional groups in these structures were achieved and their influence on the properties of the new molecules were studied. The synthesized dyes present maxima of the absorption band at the lowest energy between 440 nm and 610 nm. Energy levels of the new organic materials were determined by cyclic voltammetry and also calculated and localized using the quantum chemistry. Some of the compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. After a complete characterization, these materials were integrated in dye-sensitized photovoltaic devices using a liquid electrolyte to achieve high efficiencies up to 9,78 % using a single dye and up to 10,90 % in the case of the co-sensitization of TiO2 with two dyes. Certain dyes have demonstrated state-of-the-art efficiencies at 7,81 % by replacing the liquid electrolyte by an ionic liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the use of some of the dyes in these last devices was carried out and found to have an excellent stability with a loss of initial efficiency included between 7 % and 38 % after 7000 hours of continuous illumination at 1000 W.m-2 at 65 °C. Finally, first tests were also realized in solid state devices that showed an efficiency of 4,5 % with a reference hole transport material opening new application perspectives after optimizations. In parallel, the new synthesized hole transport materials in this work were effective in perovskite-based cells
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Torres, Arenas Ariadna Junuet. « APLICACION DE PLASMAS TIPO CORONA PARA LA DEGRADACION DE AGUAS CON COLORANTES ORGANICOS AZO ». Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99555.
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EXPERIMENTO DE PLASMASLa tendencia del ser humano a lo largo del tiempo es a deteriorar el medio ambiente, al producir algún grado de contaminación al mismo, lo que se conoce como “huella de carbono”. Es claro que no es posible cambiar drásticamente los hábitos de vida, en particular la satisfacción de las necesidades de vestido, que actualmente conlleva el uso de ropa diseñada con nuevas telas, cuya producción involucra procesos altamente contaminantes por la cantidad de agua y colorantes naturales y artificiales que se ocupan, de los cuales, sobresalen los que se clasifican como ácidos y básicos [1]. La industria textil es una de las que más agua consume y contamina, al afectar los mecanismos de fotosíntesis en ríos, lagunas y mares. Actualmente, el planeta presenta severos problemas ambientales relacionados con la contaminación del agua y el aire. En México existe la Norma Oficial NOM-014-ECOL-1993 que regula los niveles de contaminación del agua proveniente de la industria, la cual dictamina que antes de descargar el agua residual a los ríos más cercanos, debe de pasar previamente por plantas tratadoras. Las industrias textiles generan en promedio 200-350 m3 de aguas residuales por tonelada de fibra teñida terminada [2], las cuales son descargadas, después de haber pasado por un tratamiento, en los afluentes; la problemática es que dicho tratamiento no es suficiente para eliminar todos los residuos contaminantes, como los colorantes textiles, lo que representa un enorme problema ambiental [3]. En particular esas aguas residuales se caracterizan por presentar un color intenso, alto pH, alta demanda química de oxígeno y biotoxicidad [4], por ello, es necesario buscar alternativas efectivas para la degradación de los colorantes. lgunas de las alternativas que se han propuesto en los últimos años para resolver esta problemática son biológicas, por medio de enzimas [5], químicas, llamados Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación (PAO´s,), los cuales son la técnica más usada actualmente [6] y físicas, por medio de plasmas. Existe una gran variedad de colorantes textiles pero los que mayormente se usan en la industria son el tipo Azo (Azoico) entre los cuales sobresale el Negro Ácido 52 (Acid Black 52, AB52 por sus siglas en inglés) que se aplica sobre fibras proteicas como la lana y las fibras colorantes de poliamida como el nylon. Este tipo de colorante muestra una resistencia al lavado, lo que lo convierte en un contaminante en las aguas residuales y no puede tratarse por métodos convencionales. En este trabajo se usaron plasmas como medio para tratar el agua con el colorante AB52, este método es posible aplicarlo a bajas presiones, así como a presión atmosférica, produciendo diferentes especies atómicas y moleculares, las cuales son las responsables del proceso de degradación del colorante; además, este proceso destaca sobre otros porque no genera contaminación secundaria.
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Leang, Tatiana. « Etude des phénomènes de photodégradation et de polarisation dans les lasers organiques solides à cavité verticale externe ». Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132040/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les lasers organiques solides disposent d’atouts considérables par rapport aux autres types de laser : l’accordabilité en longueur d’onde dans le visible et la simplicité de fabrication. Ils restent néanmoins à la marge d’une commercialisation et le phénomène de photodégradation en est la principale cause. Le VECSOL pour Vertical External Cavity Surface-emitting Organic Laser est une structure de laser particulièrement bien adaptée pour l’étudier car elle permet un contrôle très simple de plusieurs paramètres pouvant entrer en jeu dans le phénomène de photodégradation. Ainsi lors de cette thèse, où nous avons cherché à comprendre quels sont les facteurs ayant une influence sur la durée de vie des lasers, l’intensité intracavité s’est par exemple révélée être un élément crucial : plus elle est grande, plus la durée du laser est grande. Par ailleurs, un suivi en temps réel de la forme du faisceau laser a montré que celle-ci, gaussienne au départ, devenait annulaire avant de s’éteindre traduisant la « mort » progressive des molécules sollicitées pendant le pompage.Une seconde partie de la thèse concerne la polarisation de la fluorescence des molécules organiques utilisées en laser solide. Nous avons montré que la concentration en colorant influençait grandement la dépolarisation de l’émission spontanée. Enfin, en fonctionnement laser, le faisceau reste polarisé rectilignement (comme la pompe) quel que soit la concentration en colorantAlthough organic solid-state dye lasers can provide wavelenght tunability in the whole visible spectrum and offers perpectives of low-cost compact lasers, they are still limited by several drawbacks, especially photodegradation. The geometry of a Vertical External Cavity Surface-emitting Organic Laser (VECSOL) enables organic lasers to reach high energies, excellent conversion efficiences and good beam quality, it also enables an external control on many parameters, a feature that we have udes here to study the photodegradation phenomenon as well as some polarization properties of organic solid-state lasers. In the first part of this thesis, we studied the lifetime of the laser upon varying several parameters (pump pulsewidth, repetition rate, output coupling, ...) and we found that the intracavity laser intensity, independently of the pump intensity, had a major on photodegradation rate. Moreover, we observed that the profile of the laser beam was also degrading with time : while it is Gaussian in the beginning it gradually shifts to an annular shape. In the second part, we investigated the polarization properties of VECSOLs, with a special emphasis on fluorescence properties of some typical dyes used in lasers. The crucial role played by resonant nonradiative energy transfers between dye molecules (HOMO-FRET) is evidenced and enables explaining the observed fluorescence depolarization, compared to the expected limiting fluorescence anisotropy. Energy transfers happen to play a negligible role above laser threshold, as the organic laser beam is shown to be linearly polarized in a wide range of experimental conditions when excitation occurs in the first singlet state
Livres sur le sujet "Coloranti organici"
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Gregory, Peter. High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6.
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High-technology applications of organic colorants. New York : Plenum Press, 1991.
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Peter, Gregory. High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991.
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Makoto, Okawara, dir. Organic colorants : A handbook of data of selected dyes for electro-optical applications. Tokyo : Kodansha, 1988.
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Booth, Gerald, et G. Booth. The Manufacture of Organic Colorants & Intermediates. North Carolina State University, 1988.
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High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants. Springer, 2012.
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Hartmann, H., et J. Fabian. Light Absorption of Organic Colorants : Theoretical Treatment and Empirical Rules. Springer, 2012.
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Hartmann, H., et J. Fabian. Light Absorption of Organic Colorants : Theoretical Treatment and Empirical Rules. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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Astrologo, Annamaria. Le cause di non punibilità. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg249.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca prende le mosse da un dato di realtà: la proliferazione delle cause di esenzione della pena nel nostro ordinamento. Oltre che sulle questioni classificatorie e sulla tradizionale problematica (colorata da sfumature aventi una forte connotazione pratica) relativa alla collocazione della punibilità nella sistematica del reato, l’Autrice si sofferma in particolare sui moderni paradigmi di declinazione della non punibilità. L’analisi si concentra, infatti, sui modelli di organizzazione e di gestione di cui agli artt. 6 e 7 del d.lgs. 231/2001, sui permessi di inquinamento e sulla normativa di attuazione italiana in materia di organismi geneticamente modificati. L’attualità dell’indagine, che mantiene come baricentro la non punibilità, si evidenzia con riferimento alla disciplina dell’estradizione, del mandato d’arresto europeo ed altresì con riguardo ad alcune disposizioni dello Statuto della Corte Penale Internazionale. Il percorso, calando i temi “storici” nella dimensione della globalizzazione e della transnazionalità propone una chiave di lettura del tutto inedita.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Coloranti organici"
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Lewis, Peter A. « Organic Colorants ». Dans Coloring of Plastics, 100–126. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471721581.ch8.
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Czajkowski, W. S. « Organic pigments ». Dans Modern Colorants : Synthesis and Structure, 63–86. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1356-4_3.
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Gregory, Peter. « Colorants for Nonlinear Optics ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 33–43. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_5.
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Whitaker, A. « X-ray powder diffraction of synthetic organic colorants ». Dans Analytical Chemistry of Synthetic Colorants, 1–48. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1358-8_1.
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Gregory, Peter. « Historical Perspectives ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 1–3. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_1.
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Gregory, Peter. « Ink-Jet Printing ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 175–205. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_10.
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Gregory, Peter. « Electrography, lonography, and Magnetography ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 207–12. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_11.
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Gregory, Peter. « Infrared Absorbers ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 215–53. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_12.
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Gregory, Peter. « Toxicology ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 255–72. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_13.
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Gregory, Peter. « Future Trends ». Dans High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants, 273–83. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3822-6_14.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Coloranti organici"
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Mejias-Brizuela, N. Y., A. Olivares-Pérez, G. Páez-Trujillo et I. Fuentes-Tapia. « Sugar holograms with artificial organic colorants ». Dans Photonic Devices + Applications, sous la direction de Susanna Orlic et Klaus Meerholz. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.735108.
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Páez-Trujillo, G., A. Olivares-Pérez, N. Mejias-Brizuela, M. P. Garay-Hernández, R. Fontanilla-Urdaneta, I. Fuentes-Tapia et S. Toxqui-López. « Dichromated polyvinyl alcohol films doped with organic colorants ». Dans Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008, sous la direction de Hans I. Bjelkhagen et Raymond K. Kostuk. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.761026.
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Nakazumi, Hiroyuki, Shinya Amano et Kazuo Sakai. « Coloration of glasses with organic colorants by the sol-gel colored-coating method ». Dans SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, sous la direction de John D. Mackenzie. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.188970.
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