Articles de revues : « Colonization – Social aspects »

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Benlahcene, Badrane. « Muslim-European Civilizational Encounters ; French Colonization of Algeria ; Its Framework and Impacts on Algerian Society and Culture ». Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 10, n^o 101 (juin 2020) : 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.101.02.

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The paper discusses the French colonization of Algeria, within the context of Muslim European civilizational encounters. It focuses more on the European colonization process in the world in general, and the so-called “mission civilisatrice” of French colonization of Algeria in particular. It takes the period from 1830 until 1962 as its interval of analysis, by analyzing the various changes that the colonizers brought to the Algerian society and people during their 132 years of colonization. The paper found that the French Colonization of Algeria is one of the most violent, radical and hegemonic civilizational encounters between the Muslim world and Europe. Moreover, Algeria has experienced one of the severe processes of colonization, which affected all aspects of the Algerian natives’ lives, and the colonizers changed the structure of society and the social institutions as well as their cultural traditions, which experienced severe damage.

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TERESHCHENKO, Elena. « Eastern Murman : Social Aspects of Colonization in the Materials of Expeditions and Travel Notes of the 2nd Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries ». Arctic and North, n^o 41 (24 décembre 2020) : 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.41.261.

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The article discusses several social aspects of the colonization of Eastern Murman (everyday life, daily work, religious beliefs, schooling, leisure). The historiographic analysis made it possible to identify the specifics of the local (everyday) history of the Kola Peninsula colonization. In the works of A.P. Engelhardt, A.G. Slezskinsky, S.Yu. Witte, S.O. Makarov, V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, K.K. Sluchevsky, D.N. Ostrovsky, A.K. Engelmeyer, V.I. Manotskov, A.K. Sidensner, N.V. Romanov, “Materials on the statistical study of Murman” and other sources provide facts from personal and family biography, the circumstances of resettlement to the Murmansk coast, living conditions, home furnishings, especially the education and upbringing of children. The descriptions of the migrants’ lifestyle recorded in the materials of expeditions and travel notes allow us to conclude that the colonists’ socio-cultural adaptation in Eastern Murman, the creation of a human habitat, was primarily associated with the development of the institution of the family. In general, the history of colonization is a unique experience in the development of the Arctic — one of the most productive in world history, which is vital for understanding the Russian North’s geography.

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Peshkov, Ivan. « B(ordering) Utopia in Birobidzhan : Spatial Aspects of Jewish Colonization in Inner Asia ». Changing Societies & ; Personalities 5, n^o 2 (9 juillet 2021) : 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.2.130.

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The borderline territory serves a double purpose, being simultaneously zones of cultural contact and cultural barriers–administrative and often civilizational. This ambivalence frequently affects borderline area inhabitants turning them into hostages of border management regimes and outside projections concerning their cultural and civilizational status, and the authenticity of forms of their culture representation. In the case of Birobidzhan, we are dealing with an absolutely modern project of creating ethnic territoriality without reference to the historical context and far from the places of traditional settlement of the Jewish population. The implementation of this project put the Jewish settlers at the center of a complex process of border management and securitization of the border areas. The factors of border and “remoteness” are largely underestimated in Birobidzhan studies. The article fills this niche, emphasizing the spatial aspects of the implementation of the “anti-Zionist utopia” and its complex relationship with previous models of territoriality in the region and local inhabitants.

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TUPARA, HOPE. « Ethics, Kawa, and the Constitution : Transformation of the System of Ethical Review in Aotearoa New Zealand ». Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, n^o 3 (20 mai 2011) : 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180111000053.

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New Zealand is a South Pacific nation with a history of British colonization since the 19th century. It has a population of over four million people and, like other indigenous societies such as in Australia and Canada, Māori are now a minority in their land, and their experience of colonization is that of being dominated by settlers to the detriment of their own systems of society.

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Khomyakov, Maxim. « Russia : Colonial, anticolonial, postcolonial Empire ? » Social Science Information 59, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 225–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018420929804.

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This article is devoted to the discussion of Russian colonial and anti-colonial social imaginaries. It starts by delving into the definitions of colony and colonization, and proceeds to the analysis of the colonial experience of the Russian continental Empire. The internal colonization thesis is also analyzed in the context of the imperial reality. The complex Soviet experience is understood as, on the one hand, a radical break with the past, through decolonization and anti-colonialism. The author, on the other hand, agrees with those who claim that Stalinism can also be understood in terms of an internal colonialism theory. This article, however, emphasizes the metaphoric nature of the internal colonialism arguments. In conclusion, the author describes different features of Russian colonial/anti-colonial experience as aspects of what he calls the modernity of control and what he describes as the dominance of the rational mastery discourses over imaginary signification of autonomy.

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Khalidova, Olga B. « SECTARIAN COLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATIVE PRACTICES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DAGESTAN) ». Study of Religion, n^o 1 (2019) : 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.1.38-46.

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The article analyzes one of the aspects of the domestic Caucasian policy of the Russian Empire which facilitates the involvement of the territory and the population in the all-Russian socio-political field in this article. Resettlement policy became one of the forms of integration. The result of this practice was not only economic development of the region, but also a change in its socio-demographic background by resettling mainly the East Slavic population with the aim of strengthening the Russian component in the social structure of the population. Russian policy of settlement of the prairies regions of the North Caucasus, having the colonization in nature, has not only become one of the main factors of national, social and religious variegation of the region. One of the key components of migration was the religious aspect. Focusing on the religion of immigrants, the Russian government has contributed to the spread of not only the Orthodox religion in the region, but also the appearance here of the sectarians...

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Aminuddin, M. Faishal. « Poskolonial dan Developmentalisme : Telaah Kritis ». Global Focus 2, n^o 1 (30 avril 2022) : 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jgf.2022.002.01.1.

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The relation between postcolonial theory and developmentalism does not run linearly, but there is a contradictory dialogue space. This article aims to explain the rejection of postcolonial theory to the paradigm and practice of developmentalism through an evaluation of debates in the philosophical realm. This article answers the debates in postcolonial studies, including the theorizing of political economy, development, and international politics. This rejection stems from the fact that developmentalism is considered a new form of colonization in the economic aspect, extending to social, political, and cultural aspects. The results show that the opposition of postcolonial theory to developmentalism can be explained through four discussions as the unit of analysis, which consists of the international trade system, capital distribution schemes, the role of global institutions, and the existence of the state and its people.

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Czingon, Claudia, Aletta Diefenbach et Victor Kempf. « Moral Universalism at a Time of Political Regression : A Conversation with Jürgen Habermas about the Present and His Life’s Work ». Theory, Culture & ; Society 37, n^o 7-8 (27 novembre 2020) : 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420961146.

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In the present interview, Jürgen Habermas answers questions about his wide-ranging work in philosophy and social theory, as well as concerning current social and political developments to whose understanding he has made important theoretical contributions. Among the aspects of his work addressed are his conception of communicative rationality as a countervailing force to the colonization of the lifeworld by capitalism and his understanding of philosophy after Hegel as postmetaphysical thinking, for which he has recently provided a comprehensive historical grounding. The scope and relevance of his ideas can be seen from his reflections on current issues, ranging from the prospects of translational democracy at a time of resurgent nationalism and populism, to political developments in Germany since reunification, to the role of religion in the public sphere and the impact of the new social media on democratic discourse.

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Wafiyah, Wafiyah. « PRIORITAS BERDAKWAH PADA MASA PENJAJAHAN BELANDA DI INDONESIA ». Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 35, n^o 2 (21 août 2017) : 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jid.v35.2.1610.

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This paper explains religion views to colonization, Dutch colonization in Indonesian, the da’wah priorities during Dutch colonization era, the Dutch responses toward Indonesian resistance, and the Indonesian responses toward Dutch colonization in Indonesia. Dutch colonists, trade monopoly, voyage and politics power that happened in Indonesia have really contradicted against Indonesian tradition. Although they often lost during the wars, but the agitation of Islam did not reduce their spirit to fight the Dutch. From this phenomenon, Dutch colonists, then, tried to eliminate Islamic influences from Indonesian people through:The negative effects of Dutch colonization, then, encouraged the emergence of Muslim Organizations and nationalistic movements concerning on the aspects of da’wah, education, economic social and politics.***Tulisan ini menggambarkan tentang pandangan agama terhadap penjajahan Belanda di Indonesia, prioritas dakwah pada masa penjajahan Belanda, respon penjajah Belanda terhadap perlawanan bangsa Indonesia untuk menghilangkan pengaruh Islam di Indonesia dan respon balik masyarakat Indonesia terhadap penjajahan Belanda. Penjajah Belanda, monopoli perdagangan, pelayaran dan kekuasaan politik. Hal ini sangat bertentangan dengan tradisi di Indonesia. Karenanya menyulut reaksi sengit bangsa Indonesia untuk memerangi mereka. Walau selalu kalah namun agitasi Islam tidak menyurutkan semangat bangsa Indonesia untuk tetap memerangi Belanda, karena itulah penjajah Belanda berusaha menghilangkan pengaruh Islam bagi bangsa Indonesia. Kondisi negatif bangsa Indonesia akibat terjajah oleh Belanda, dipengaruhi juga oleh gerakan pembaharuan di luar negeri, juga ajaran Islam yang memerintahkan umatnya untuk menggunakan akal dalam merealisasikan ajaran Islam agar tujuan rahmatan lil alamin bisa tercapai, mendorong para da’i untuk mengambil langkah-langkah pembaharuan, melalui organisasi Islam yang bergerak dalam bidang : dakwah, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi dam politik.

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Wafiyah, Wafiyah. « PRIORITAS BERDAKWAH PADA MASA PENJAJAHAN BELANDA DI INDONESIA ». Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 35, n^o 2 (21 août 2017) : 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jid.v35i2.1610.

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This paper explains religion views to colonization, Dutch colonization in Indonesian, the da’wah priorities during Dutch colonization era, the Dutch responses toward Indonesian resistance, and the Indonesian responses toward Dutch colonization in Indonesia. Dutch colonists, trade monopoly, voyage and politics power that happened in Indonesia have really contradicted against Indonesian tradition. Although they often lost during the wars, but the agitation of Islam did not reduce their spirit to fight the Dutch. From this phenomenon, Dutch colonists, then, tried to eliminate Islamic influences from Indonesian people through:The negative effects of Dutch colonization, then, encouraged the emergence of Muslim Organizations and nationalistic movements concerning on the aspects of da’wah, education, economic social and politics.***Tulisan ini menggambarkan tentang pandangan agama terhadap penjajahan Belanda di Indonesia, prioritas dakwah pada masa penjajahan Belanda, respon penjajah Belanda terhadap perlawanan bangsa Indonesia untuk menghilangkan pengaruh Islam di Indonesia dan respon balik masyarakat Indonesia terhadap penjajahan Belanda. Penjajah Belanda, monopoli perdagangan, pelayaran dan kekuasaan politik. Hal ini sangat bertentangan dengan tradisi di Indonesia. Karenanya menyulut reaksi sengit bangsa Indonesia untuk memerangi mereka. Walau selalu kalah namun agitasi Islam tidak menyurutkan semangat bangsa Indonesia untuk tetap memerangi Belanda, karena itulah penjajah Belanda berusaha menghilangkan pengaruh Islam bagi bangsa Indonesia. Kondisi negatif bangsa Indonesia akibat terjajah oleh Belanda, dipengaruhi juga oleh gerakan pembaharuan di luar negeri, juga ajaran Islam yang memerintahkan umatnya untuk menggunakan akal dalam merealisasikan ajaran Islam agar tujuan rahmatan lil alamin bisa tercapai, mendorong para da’i untuk mengambil langkah-langkah pembaharuan, melalui organisasi Islam yang bergerak dalam bidang : dakwah, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi dam politik.

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Kamnev, Vladimir, et Vladimir Bystrov. « The Other in Science Fiction as a Problem for Social Theory ». Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, n^o 4 (2020) : 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-4-61-81.

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The paper discusses science fiction literature in its relation to some aspects of the socio-anthropological problem, such as the representation of the Other. Given the diversity of sci-fi genres, a researcher always deals either with the direct representation of the Other (a creature different from an existing human being), or with its indirect, mediated form when the Other, in the original sense of this term, is revealed to the reader or viewer through the optics of some Other World. The article describes two modes of representing the Other by sci-fi literature, conventionally designated as scientist and anti-anthropic. The scientist rep-resentation constructs exclusively-rational premises for the relationship with the Other. Edmund Hus-serl’s concept of truth, which is the same for humans, non-humans, angels, and gods, can be considered as its historical and philosophical correlate. The anti-anthropic representation, which is more attractive to sci-fi authors, has its origins in the experience of the “disenchantment” of the world characteristic of mod-ern man, especially in the tragic feeling of incommensurability of a finite human existence and the infinity of the cosmic abysses. The historical and philosophical correlate of this anti-anthropic representation can be found in Kant’s teaching of a priori cognition forms, which may be different for other thinking beings. The model of an attitude to the Other therefore cannot be based on rational foundations. As a literary ex-ample where these two ways of representing the Other are found, we propose the analysis of The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury, which, on the one hand, offers the fictional extrapolation of the colonization of North America and the inevitable contacts with its indigenous population. On the other hand, The Martian Chronicles depicts a powerful and technologically advanced Martian civilization, which disap-pears for some unknown reason, or ceases to contact the settlers. The combination of these two ways of representing the Other allows Bradbury to effectively romanticize and mystify the unique historical experience of colonization, thus modifying the Frontier myth.

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Matamonasa-Bennett, Arieahn. « “The Poison That Ruined the Nation” : Native American Men—Alcohol, Identity, and Traditional Healing ». American Journal of Men's Health 11, n^o 4 (26 mars 2015) : 1142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315576937.

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Alcoholism and destructive drinking patterns are serious social problems in many Native American reservation and urban communities. This qualitative study of men from a single Great Lakes reservation community examined the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of their alcohol problems through their life stories. The men were in various stages of recovery and sobriety, and data collection consisted of open-ended interviews and analysis utilizing principles and techniques from grounded theory and ethnographic content analysis. Alcoholism and other serious social problems facing Native American communities need to be understood in the sociocultural and historical contexts of colonization and historical grief and trauma. This study suggests that for Native American men, there are culturally specific perspectives on alcohol that have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. The participants’ narratives provided insight into the ways reconnecting with traditional cultural values (retraditionalization) helped them achieve sobriety. For these men, alcohol was highly symbolic of colonization as well as a protest to it. Alcohol was a means for affirming “Indian” identity and sobriety a means for reaffirming traditional tribal identity. Their narratives suggested the ways in which elements of traditional cultural values and practices facilitate healing in syncretic models and Nativized treatment. Understanding the ways in which specific Native cultural groups perceive their problems with drinking and sobriety can create more culturally congruent, culturally sensitive, and effective treatment approaches and inform future research.

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Ferdinal, Ferdinal. « Women’s Rights and Colonization in The Short Story of The Jakarta Post ». Vivid : Journal of Language and Literature 9, n^o 1 (4 juillet 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.9.1.1-11.2020.

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Right after the fall of Suharto’s regime, Indonesia has undergone tremendous changes in almost all aspects of life: political, economic, social, cultural, and possibly ideological lives. The changes bring new breaths to Indonesian future, especially in the area of women’s rights. This article discusses the issue of women’s rights in Indonesia based on a textual analysis. The purpose of this writing is to investigate the representation of women’s rights issues in some stories of The Jakarta Post, one of the most popular media which has also played an important role in popularizing and spreading such issues. Postcolonial criticism is used to see how the stories portray the issues of women’s rights, particularly gender equality and marginality. To study the issues, this analysis looks at two short stories: “Gender Equality” by Iwan Setiawan and “Street Smart Mom” by Eric Musa Piliang. The two stories represent the fact that Indonesian women fight against colonization for their rights in some different ways, as a smart wife and a poor street mother. The stories signal that Indonesian women struggle to escape from colonization through some actions such as moving forward to the center of power by maintaining superiority against men and living their lives as they wish in spite of being poor.

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Abdul Hamid Khan et Salman Hamid Khan. « Kipling, Railways, and The Great Game ». Central Asia 86, Summer (28 novembre 2020) : 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.78.

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The paper explores Rudyard Kipling’s perspective on the importance of railways in India which is the theme of some of his poetic and prose work. Coupled with this, an overview of the importance of railways and its military, economic and social aspects in Central Asia, in the backdrop of the Great Game of the 19th Century between Russia and Britain is also offered. This study attempts to correlate the significance of the Trans-Caspian Railway (TCR), founded in 1879 and the North Western State Railway in British India formed seven years later in 1886. It also takes into account the railways’ cultural importance for the people of Central Asia. The most important aspect of the subject under assessment is how the construction of railway lines worked as a device and a tool to strengthen the hold of both the colonizing powers. It is in this context that the poet and novelist Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) glorified the benefits of Indian railways as a stabilizing factor for the strength of the Raj. The paper attempts to establish that railways not only strengthened colonial rule in both Central Asia and India but brought significant social and economic changes in the lives of the people living on both sides of the border. The perspective here is a post-colonial one that offers insights on the effects of colonization, most importantly the modernizing agenda or the enlightenment package attached to the great design of imperialism and empire-building. But the picture that appears after the passing of colonization is hazy when looked at the hybridized and ambivalent view that Kipling held, and also taking into account the hegemony, control, and the politics of aesthetics.

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King, Pita, Darrin Hodgetts, Mohi Rua et Mandy Morgan. « When the Marae Moves into the City : Being Māori in Urban Palmerston North ». City & ; Community 17, n^o 4 (décembre 2018) : 1189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12355.

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Through processes of colonization, many indigenous peoples have become absorbed into settler societies and new ways of existing within urban environments. Settler society economic, legal, and social structures have facilitated this absorption by recasting indigenous selves in ways that reflect the cultural values of settler populations. Urban enclaves populated and textured by indigenous groups such as Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) can be approached as sites of existential resistance to the imposition of colonial ways of seeing and understanding the self. In maintaining everyday social practices and ways–of–being that traverse rural and urban locales, Māori preserve and reproduce cultural selves in ways that make aspects of cityscapes more homely for Māori ways–of–being. This article brings issues of place and being to the fore by investigating Māori reassemblage of cultural selves within a low SES urban environment as an ongoing resistance to colonial absorption.

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Giray, Louie Galvez, Loraine Cerillo et Bien Justine Cruz. « INSIGHTS ON THE EXPLORATION OF FOOD CULTURE OF TWO PROVINCIAL PLACES IN THE PHILIPPINES ». TRIBUTE : JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY SERVICES 2, n^o 1 (14 juillet 2021) : 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/tribute.v2i1.13924.

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This manuscript is compilation of insights on the food culture of Malolos, Bulacan and Mexico, Pampanga in the Philippines. The paper discusses factors that affect the food cultures in the said places. The paper has three major parts: (1) food as a social symbol; (2) food diversity; and (3) food history. The researchers resulted into a conclusion that the food cultures of Malolos, Bulacan and Mexico Pampanga have their own characteristics, especially in terms of the taste, but also share some similarities in terms of food preparation and some of its origins and symbols. These aspects were all affected by different factors such as foreign colonization, scarcity of food, availability of resources, religious beliefs, adaptability of the people in the current situation and innovation.

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Thornton, John K. « Placing the Military in African History : A Reflection ». Journal of African Military History 1, n^o 1-2 (6 septembre 2017) : 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00101007.

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While discussions of the military are notably absent in academic African History, it doesn’t mean that the subject is absent from the history left by the Africans. Sources that have been used for generations contain extensive discussions of the organization, arming, training, and utilization of military forces in Africa by Africans, but these aspects of the sources are largely ignored or interpreted within the frame of other violent activity, such as slave raiding. However, simply by their existence, these sources offer future generations the opportunity to expand and finally tell the story of formal military activity in Africa. This in turn will allow for the creation of a more complete record of African political, social, and even state-building activity before the advent of European colonization.

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Cahen, Michel, et Irène Dos Santos. « Lusotopie, Lusotopy. What Legacy, What Future ? » Lusotopie 17, n^o 2 (13 décembre 2018) : 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17683084-12341718.

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AbstractThe introduction of this issue goes back over the history of the creation of the Lusotopie journal. It also questions the scope of the concept of lusotopy in the social sciences. The intellectual project of the journal, published from 1994 onwards, was complex and ambitious. Lusotopie is not a review of “cultural-area” studies, but a generalist review of political analysis, in the broadest sense, from an empirically-delimited research field: that of the area drawn by Portuguese history and colonization. It was both to escape the contemporary neo-imperial approach of “Lusophony” and to overcome the simply negative criticism of the ideology of Lusophony (in its literary, political and economic aspects), which as such does not provide a tool for understanding the realities produced by history.

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Suciu, Andreia-Irina, et Mihaela Culea. « The risk of losing national identity in the twenty-first century Romania, or national identity from adaptation to self-censorship ». Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 18, n^o 1 (avril 2015) : 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.18.1.13.

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In the contemporary world of extremely dynamic movements in the fields of territorial state reconfiguration, economic “colonization”, globalization, Europeanization, migration of population, borrowing of cultural values and intensified cultural exchange or transfer, defining national identity has become a process which registers numerous changes and encounters various challenges. The classical features that assisted this process of defining national identity in the past – a historic territory, common myths, historical memories and values, a common public culture, common legal rights and duties, a common economy with territorial mobility (A. D. Smith 1991: 14) – undergo significant transformations each decade and the definition of a nation’s identity calls for important reconsiderations. One aspect worth considering is that of losing or self-censoring one’s national identity due to a nation’s own intention or some external demands of adaptation to general aspects of political, economic, financial, social, or cultural nature. Our paper intends to explore some of the causes or factors that might lead to twenty-first century Romania’s weakening, degradation or loss of national identity and suggest some possible solutions against such a process.

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JONES, GRETA. « Alfred Russel Wallace, Robert Owen and the theory of natural selection ». British Journal for the History of Science 35, n^o 1 (mars 2002) : 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087401004605.

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Whereas there has been considerable debate about the social context of Darwin's theory of natural selection, much less focus has been placed upon Alfred Russel Wallace. This article looks at Wallace's socialism and, in particular, the influence upon his thought of the early nineteenth-century socialist Robert Owen. It argues that a case can be made for seeing Wallace's thought about nature and natural selection in the years up to 1858 in the context of Owenism. Three aspects of his thought are singled out for examination. These are, first, Wallace's views on the role of instinct in animal and human behaviour; second, the idea of colonization in human society and in nature; and third, a re-examination of the role of Malthus in Wallace's thought, emphasizing the influence upon him of the early nineteenth-century socialist critique of Malthusianism.

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Mikailu, S. A. « The Islamization of Social Sciences in Nigeria ». American Journal of Islam and Society 12, n^o 1 (1 avril 1995) : 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i1.2391.

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IntroductionThe Islamization of social sciences is part and parcel of developingand promoting knowledge that conforms to the norms of Islam. This canbe attained by motivating scholars to develop scholarship using an Islamicperspective through the introduction of new social science courses basedon Islam, Islamizing (i.e., rearticulating along Islamic lines) existing conventionalsocial science disciplines, and promoting the movement ofIslamic attitude to knowledge.The Islamization of Knowledge undertaking in Nigeria can be tracedto the period of the Sokoto Jihad leaders, whose scholarly writings coveredsuch aspects of life as politics, economics, and medicine. However, withthe passage of time and, more especially, with the coming of the Britishcolonialists and the concomitant infiltration of western scholarship, theIslamization of Knowledge pioneered by the Jihad leaders gradually beganto fade. At first, the North opposed vehemently the spread of the westernsystem of education, because it was linked with Christian missionary propaganda(Fapohunda 1982). As such, the emirs of the North and their subjectsstood fmly against this alien system, a stance that accounts for thedisparity in western education between the South, that had welcomed it,and the North.Unfortunately, like most other Muslim countries, Nigeria continues tosuffer from the colonial legacy of the West. In particular, its elites are theworst victims of colonization of mind by the West’s so-called secular ideology.Its education and other systems of life continue to be based largelyon the structure of that secular ideology.Education is the single most important instrument for grooming andchannelling a society in the desired direction. To rescue Muslim societiesfrom the yoke of western secular civilization and to reestablish Islamiccivilization requires the decolonization of the secularized minds and spiritsof the elites as well as of Muslim intellectuals (the ulama), professionals,and political leaders, on the one hand, and the training of youngpeople in Islamic knowledge and education, on the other. In order toreturn the society to the Islamic system of life, the first task is the Islamizationof the educational system (both formal and informal) for the Muslimsand the Islamization of the country’s ulama ...

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Kharmaev, Yu V. « Criminal Punishment in the Form of Exile as a Tool for Resolving Russia's Geopolitical Problems on its Eastern Outskirts (Historical and Legal Aspects) ». Lex Russica, n^o 4 (2 mai 2019) : 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.149.4.179-187.

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The Russian state has historically used the reference not only as an implementation of criminal punishment against convicts, but also to solve colonization, economic, cultural and social problems on the Eastern borders of the country. The vast and undeveloped territory in the East of the country; natural minerals, raw materials for the emerging Russian industry; the presence of the land route of the TRANS-Siberian direction, all this at first looked very attractive. However, at the end of the second half of the 19th century the authorities were forced to reform the Siberian exile, and in the future to completely abandon it, recognizing it is extremely inefficient and costly for the state. Modern geopolitical interests of Russia face similar problems typical for the State in earlier historical periods. As for the exile or some other punishment associated with the voluntary or forced displacement of a large number of people from one region to another (more often from the Central regions to the outskirts of the country), will be resolved gradually, depending primarily on the socio-economic capabilities of the state.

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Ivkovic, Marjan. « Negative dialectic and linguistic turn : The actuality of Adorno’s concept of the conflict nature of modern societies ». Filozofija i drustvo 21, n^o 2 (2010) : 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1002029i.

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The author attempts at questioning Habermas? and Honneth?s claim that the linguistic turn within Critical Theory of society represents a way out of the ?dead end? of the first generation of Frankfurt School theorists, who were unable to formulate an action-theoretic understanding of social conflicts. By presenting a view that Adorno, in his ?Negative dialectic?, develops an insight into a crucial characteristic of the conflict nature of modern societies, which eludes the lingustic-pragmatist Critical Theory, the author tries to defend and reactualize Adorno?s perspective. The paper analyzes some key aspects of the original idea of Critical Theory, and the ?negativistic turn? that Adorno and Horkheimer made with the writing of ?Dialectic of Enlightenment?. Having considered the central arguments of the ?Negative Dialectic?, the author presents his understanding of Adorno?s concept of social conflict, which is then being contrasted with Habermas? understanding of social conflict, formulated in terms of a systemic colonization of the lifeworld. Pointing out the weaknesses of Habermas? concept, the author aims at sharpening the image of the conflict nature of modern societies that Adorno sketches, concluding that his perspective is able to question the framework of intersubjectivity that Habermas and Honneth take for granted.

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Cramb, Justin, et Victor D. Thompson. « Dynamic Sustainability, Resource Management, and Collective Action on Two Atolls in the Remote Pacific ». Sustainability 14, n^o 9 (25 avril 2022) : 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095174.

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Examples of environmental transformation, the creation of sustainable lifeways, and the development of environmentally aware political forms better our understanding of how peoples build on tradition and environmental circumstance to form novel institutions. Using archaeological data, oral histories, genealogies, radiocarbon dating, and Bayesian modeling, we present a timeline of habitation and land-use patterns on Manihiki and Rakahanga, two remote atolls in East Polynesia. We track socioecological change on the atolls from the time of first colonization ca. AD 1200–1400 through to sustained European contact in the mid-1800s. The findings document and temporally anchor collective action-based processes of landscape transformation, the development of a system of cyclical mass migration aimed at sustainable resource use, and the implementation of a novel dual-chiefdom political system. This demonstrates that new levels of political “complexity” manifest as patterns of shifting hierarchy and novel forms of political and ecological management, and can arise in relation to specific social and ecological challenges in systems of any size. The perpetuation and adaptation of aspects of these traditional institutions can help to maintain the sustainability of populations today in the face of climatic and social change.

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Cramb, Justin, et Victor D. Thompson. « Dynamic Sustainability, Resource Management, and Collective Action on Two Atolls in the Remote Pacific ». Sustainability 14, n^o 9 (25 avril 2022) : 5174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095174.

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Examples of environmental transformation, the creation of sustainable lifeways, and the development of environmentally aware political forms better our understanding of how peoples build on tradition and environmental circumstance to form novel institutions. Using archaeological data, oral histories, genealogies, radiocarbon dating, and Bayesian modeling, we present a timeline of habitation and land-use patterns on Manihiki and Rakahanga, two remote atolls in East Polynesia. We track socioecological change on the atolls from the time of first colonization ca. AD 1200–1400 through to sustained European contact in the mid-1800s. The findings document and temporally anchor collective action-based processes of landscape transformation, the development of a system of cyclical mass migration aimed at sustainable resource use, and the implementation of a novel dual-chiefdom political system. This demonstrates that new levels of political “complexity” manifest as patterns of shifting hierarchy and novel forms of political and ecological management, and can arise in relation to specific social and ecological challenges in systems of any size. The perpetuation and adaptation of aspects of these traditional institutions can help to maintain the sustainability of populations today in the face of climatic and social change.

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Kuanbay, O. « THE COLONIAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN RELATION TO THE KAZAKHS OF THE WEST SIBERIAN GOVERNORSHIPIN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS (II HALF OF XIX C.) ». History of the Homeland 95, n^o 3 (27 septembre 2021) : 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2021_3_67.

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This article describes the dynamics of the policy of colonization of the Kazakhs under the West Siberian General-Governorship in the first decade and the second half of the XIX century. The events in the lives of the local population, the policy of arbitrariness in the implementation of normative legislation in the Kazakh steppes is presented in archival reports, letters, and another documents with substantiated historical accuracy. Some aspects of the colonial policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppes are conveyed by these specific archival documents. The structure of the West Siberian General-Governorship itself was the anchor of the colonial rope in the Kazakh steppes. The article describes in detail all the targeted colonial policy and social activities of the West Siberian General-Governorship. The article also clearly reflects the political interests of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppes. Since the article is written entirely on the basis of archival documents, it accurately conveys the image of that era. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the political and social secrets of colonial policy on the basis of these archives.

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Anan'eva, D. A. « The History of the Russian Far East during the Late Imperial Period in the Works of English- and German-language Researchers ». Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, n^o 4 (5 janvier 2021) : 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-889-898.

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The Russian Far East saw rapid development in the latter half of XIX – early XX centuries. The Eastern periphery of the Russian Empire attracted attention of foreign scientists. The objective of the present research was to analyze works published by American, British, and German researchers in the second half of XIX – early XXI centuries and devoted to the "late Imperial" history of the Russian Far East. Since the very first foreign publications on the history of accession of the Amur and Primorye regions, foreign studies focused not only on Russia’s foreign policy and military aspects of its eastward expansion but also on the geographical, demographic, social, and economic factors of the colonization. In the late XX century, Western publications featured mostly intercultural, inter-ethnic, and sociocultural problems, as well as ideological aspects of state policy and the changing image of the Russian Far East. English- and German-language scholars offered a great variety of concepts; however, two main trends stood out quite clearly. Most researchers emphasized the impact of the geopolitical context and the role of Russia’s expansionist policy, as the country fought for power in the Pacific Rim. However, some authors acknowledged Russia's objective necessity to strengthen its position on the Pacific coast, protect its Far Eastern territories, and develop their economy.

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Anan'eva, D. A. « The History of the Russian Far East during the Late Imperial Period in the Works of English- and German-language Researchers ». Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, n^o 4 (5 janvier 2021) : 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-889-898.

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The Russian Far East saw rapid development in the latter half of XIX – early XX centuries. The Eastern periphery of the Russian Empire attracted attention of foreign scientists. The objective of the present research was to analyze works published by American, British, and German researchers in the second half of XIX – early XXI centuries and devoted to the "late Imperial" history of the Russian Far East. Since the very first foreign publications on the history of accession of the Amur and Primorye regions, foreign studies focused not only on Russia’s foreign policy and military aspects of its eastward expansion but also on the geographical, demographic, social, and economic factors of the colonization. In the late XX century, Western publications featured mostly intercultural, inter-ethnic, and sociocultural problems, as well as ideological aspects of state policy and the changing image of the Russian Far East. English- and German-language scholars offered a great variety of concepts; however, two main trends stood out quite clearly. Most researchers emphasized the impact of the geopolitical context and the role of Russia’s expansionist policy, as the country fought for power in the Pacific Rim. However, some authors acknowledged Russia's objective necessity to strengthen its position on the Pacific coast, protect its Far Eastern territories, and develop their economy.

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Caribou, Jeremie. « Born the Year after the Flood ». South Atlantic Quarterly 118, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2019) : 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7825738.

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This essay reveals the true history of my people. It demonstrates our highly developed social, spiritual, and political governance structures. Our use of the water systems underscores the ecological integrity of sustainable development that we fostered for thousands of years. Yet, due to colonization and oppressive policies designed to destroy Indigenous identity, culture, and history, Indigenous knowledge and governing systems have been put in jeopardy. Colonial policies intended to dispossess and oppress First Nations by depriving us from Indigenous lands, controlling all aspects of our lives, which created dependence by limiting Indigenous peoples’ abilities to provide for themselves. Furthermore, these policies had no Indigenous input or representation and were designed to eradicate or eliminate Indigenous rights, titles, and the right to self-determination to easily gain access to Indigenous lands for development and industrialization, such as in the case of the massive hydroelectrical dams that continue to alienate my home community today.

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Ribeiro, Camila Belizario. « A emergência climática é uma guerra ou estamos descolonizando o sistema ? O enquadramento de metáforas conceituais no discurso da emergência climática ». REDIS : REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DO DISCURSO 11 (2022) : 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21833958/red11a8.

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The visible worldwide consequences of climate change have triggered countless pub-lic debates among scientific communities from several knowledge areas, raising public awareness to this issue. Rhetoric and discourse strategies have played a crucial role on how global warming cannot be ignored, thereby instigating policymakers to implement urgent action to reduce CO2 emissions and other causes of environment degradation. Thus, the present paper aims at dissect-ing a brief corpus of Instagram posts from two renowned environmental activist entities, the NGO Fridays for Future and Greta Thunberg, with the purpose of identifying new metaphorical repre-sentations in the multimodal youth climate activism, alongside with other social aspects involved in this rhetoric. For that goal we chose the hashtag #Uprootthesystem, currently adopted by some environmental activists who believe that the climate crisis narrative makes room for other historical reparation discourses, arguing against colonization, poverty, discrimination, racism, class inequal-ity, climate injustice, among others.

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Kim, Steffi. « AN EXPLORATION OF CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON SUBJECTIVE SUCCESSFUL AGING ». Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022) : 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1059.

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Abstract Indigenous peoples worldwide face unique challenges growing old. Many of these challenges are remnants of previous colonization practices and current oppressive systems often leading to out-migration from rural to urban environments. Despite Anchorage having the highest population of Alaska Native Elders little is known about the experience of relocation. This study investigated the impact of culture on the experience of successful aging within the Alaska Native context. Twenty-five semi-structured qualitative interviews with rural (N=13) and urban Elders (N=12; ages 48-84) were conducted. The use of Gee’s discourse analysis tools provided the framework for analyzing the discourse of Elders based on location and traditional or western influences on subjective successful aging. We explored the use of language within two identified discursive patterns: cultural discourse and Elder identity discourse. Social and contextual determinants of successful aging involve aspects of minority and majority culture and self-appraisal of successful aging based on cultural assumptions.

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Kipfer, Stefan. « Fanon and Space : Colonization, Urbanization, and Liberation from the Colonial to the Global City ». Environment and Planning D : Society and Space 25, n^o 4 (août 2007) : 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/dkipfer.

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Stimulated by recent controversies about the headscarf in France, this paper offers a fresh look at the spatial and urban dimensions of the work of Frantz Fanon. While there is widespread agreement that the work of Fanon (which preceded the so-called ‘spatial turn’ in social theory) includes powerful spatial dimensions, there is no consensus about the status of ‘space’ in Fanon's texts. Postcolonial theorists, whose reading of Fanon dominated the Anglo-American academic world until recently, have applauded the prevalence of spatial metaphors in Fanon's work as a sign for the latter's discomfort with dialectical thought and matters of historical transformation and thus as a sign for ‘third-space’ thinking. Representing a new, heterodox wave of Fanon interpretation and insisting on Fanon's Hegelian–Marxist, radical Black, and phenomenological preoccupations with liberation, other readers have detected a shift from spatial to temporal concerns in Fanon's work. While building on this latter reading of Fanon, I argue that the spatial aspects in Fanon's work are neither a function of a philosophical imperative of nonrepresentability nor in contradiction with his concerns about temporal transformation. Fanon analyzed everyday racism as an alienating spatial relation, treated colonization as spatial organization, and viewed decolonization in part as a form of reappropriating and transforming spatial relations in the colonial city and through the construction of nationwide sociospatial alliances. Fanon's complex historical-geographical perspective on everyday racism, the colonial issue, and national liberation makes it possible to link his work to Henri Lefebvre's insights into the processes by which postwar French urbanization mediated a shift from colonial war to the ‘colonization’ of everyday life in the metropole. Given the growing role of controlling urban space in the core and peripheries of our neo-imperial world, excavating an urban and spatial Fanon is promising for strategies to emphasize the urban dimensions, microaspects and macroaspects, and multiple scales of what colonization means today.

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Kolomeytseva, Mariya A., et Alexandr N. Komandzhaev. « The Image of a Man of the Frontier on the example of the Don's Nonresident Peasantry ». Journal of Frontier Studies 7, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2022) : 178–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v7i3.312.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the image of a frontiersman on the example of the nonresident peasantry of the Don. On the Don (Don Cossack Region), the formation of the social structure had one important feature: as a result of colonization, two separate categories of the population were formed – indigenous and nonresident, whose rights and status differed. The purpose of the study is to determine to what extent the factor of frontier influenced the formation and functioning of the social space and its communities in their development, focusing the research on a nonresident peasant. In the course of the work, the place and role of the nonresident peasantry in the development and burgeoning of the region are determined, behavioral models are characterized, which were largely conditioned by the traditions laid down during the of frontier period, relations with the indigenous population are considered. The result of the work was picturing of the image of the nonresident peasantry as a type of a “frontiersmen” who actively explore the external space in various aspects of social and industrial life. It is concluded that the frontier was a factor in the formation of a special way of social life; it influenced the formation and development of local communities and the choice of behavioral models. The research materials can be used in the study of micro-and macro-history of Russia; the article is intended for scientists and a broader reading public.

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Vale de Macedo, Gustavo Henrique Rodrigues, Gabrielle Damasceno Evangelista Costa, Elane Rodrigues Oliveira, Glauciane Viera Damasceno, Juliana Silva Pereira Mendonça, Lucas dos Santos Silva, Vitor Lopes Chagas et al. « Interplay between ESKAPE Pathogens and Immunity in Skin Infections : An Overview of the Major Determinants of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance ». Pathogens 10, n^o 2 (2 février 2021) : 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020148.

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The skin is the largest organ in the human body, acting as a physical and immunological barrier against pathogenic microorganisms. The cutaneous lesions constitute a gateway for microbial contamination that can lead to chronic wounds and other invasive infections. Chronic wounds are considered as serious public health problems due the related social, psychological and economic consequences. The group of bacteria known as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp.) are among the most prevalent bacteria in cutaneous infections. These pathogens have a high level of incidence in hospital environments and several strains present phenotypes of multidrug resistance. In this review, we discuss some important aspects of skin immunology and the involvement of ESKAPE in wound infections. First, we introduce some fundamental aspects of skin physiology and immunology related to cutaneous infections. Following this, the major virulence factors involved in colonization and tissue damage are highlighted, as well as the most frequently detected antimicrobial resistance genes. ESKAPE pathogens express several virulence determinants that overcome the skin’s physical and immunological barriers, enabling them to cause severe wound infections. The high ability these bacteria to acquire resistance is alarming, particularly in the hospital settings where immunocompromised individuals are exposed to these pathogens. Knowledge about the virulence and resistance markers of these species is important in order to develop new strategies to detect and treat their associated infections.

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Mladenova, Irena. « Clinical Relevance of Helicobacter pylori Infection ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n^o 16 (6 août 2021) : 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163473.

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative helical, microaerophilic bacterium which colonizes the antrum and body of the stomach, surviving in its harsh environment through mechanisms of acid resistance and colonization factors. It infects approximately 50% of the world population. Although the prevalence of this infection varies from country to country, as well as between different ethnic, social or age groups, it is estimated that about 50% of the human population only carries this microorganism. While H. pylori has been found to play a major etiological and pathogenic role in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, its importance for many types of extra-gastric disease needs to be further investigated. The choice of tests to diagnose H. pylori infection, defined as invasive or non-invasive, depends on the clinical indication as to whether to perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Focusing on bacterial eradication, the treatment should be decided locally based on the use of antibiotics and documented antibiotic resistance. The author provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about the clinical aspects of H. pylori infection, especially its diagnostic and therapeutic management.

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Jan Van, Coillie. « The Impact of In-group/Out-group Stereotypes : The Image of Foreign Cultures in Flemish Youth Literature in the Nineteenth Century ». International Research in Children's Literature 4, n^o 1 (juillet 2011) : 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2011.0005.

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Which image of other cultures did Flemish youth literature in the nineteenth century disseminate? Which linguistic features supported and communicated this image in the texts? And what was the relationship between this image and the (social) context? To answer these questions, a text corpus is screened for linguistic expressions influencing the image of foreign cultures. The theoretical framework is inspired by recent insights from imagology and post-colonial studies. The linguistic analysis is based on models taken from critical linguistics and discourse analysis. In order to interpret the results of the analysis, I explore how the image of other cultures in youth literature materialized in close interaction with the colonial and pedagogical discourse. A major finding is that the image transferred Western bourgeois norms and values as part of education. Furthermore, this image is characterized by input-output stereotypes, whose effect is to indirectly glorify one's own culture by rejecting foreign mores. The bourgeois values that resulted in these stereotypes were aspects of the Western conception of civilization, which was constantly set off against the uncivilized ways of ‘savage’ peoples. This ethnocentric stance, which was never questioned, served as primary justification for colonization and exploitation of foreign peoples.

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Goyal, Dr Shikha. « Role of Community in Mitigating Dehumanizing Effects of Racism in Toni Morrison’s Works ». SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, n^o 3 (28 mars 2020) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i3.10463.

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Discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual or a group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or category in the society. It can be either direct or indirect and may be in various forms and patterns depending upon the cultural background and milieu of a particular country or region. Discrimination has multiple ramifications related to exclusion from economic entitlements, basic services and opportunities on one hand and humiliation, subordination, exploitation and denial of citizenship rights on the other. During colonization, the indigenous cultures of those countries were often sidelined, suppressed and openly denigrated in favour of elevating the social and cultural preferences and conventions of the colonizers. Toni Morrison tries to explore various cultural aspects, processes of marginalization as well as decolonization and asserts that the richness and validity of indigenous cultures in an effort to restore pride in practices and traditions that were systematically degraded under colonialism. The present paper aims to explore various approaches adopted by the characters in her fiction to cope up with the discrimination inflicted upon them particularly the positive role of community.

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Sathiyajith, Thushyanthi. « The importance of Vasanthan Kooththu (Art Form) songs in revealing the existence of human social and professional life ». International Research Journal of Tamil 3, n^o 2 (30 mars 2021) : 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2128.

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The culture of a community plays a major role in narrating the history and life of that particular community. This culture includes various aspects such as religion, ritual, faith, food, customs or practices as well as art and culture. Among these aspects, art is not only for entertainment; but it is also for exposing the social character and tradition of that particular community. The undeniable thing here is the factor that art forms in every country, and in every region are not only to create entertainment but also to preserve the antiquity of their existence up to now. In that respect, Vasanthan Kooththu, one of the Sri Lankan Tamil art forms, is a notable art form in that category. Even though this art form is found in Batticaloa and Jaffna areas, they have differences between each other. This study focuses on the songs of Vasanthan Kooththu performed in the Katuthavalai area of Batticaloa. This type of Kooththu is an art form of tapping and dancing with two sticks in the hands; however, these sticks are also used to express the function of the meaning of the song with dance. Even though this type of Kooththu is a dance form, the greatness of the songs used in this Kooththu is significant. There are 62 types of Vasanthan poems have been in use in the Art Form performances. These have been compiled around the year 1940. These 62 genres of songs are divided into six genres and compiled, namely 'Kattiyam', 'Thoththiram', 'Sariththiram', 'Tholil', 'Vedikkai', 'Vilaiyaattu' and are still in the practice during Kooththu performance. As mentioned earlier, these Kooththu song systems emphasize the art expression of the culture of a community. The songs related to the professions or job involved in these Kooththu songs express the whole series of activities of the agricultural industry. The reason that these Kooththu songs to aim to explore only a specific industry is to be explored. It is vital to discover this factor; and this article explores about how these Kooththu songs are still in operation today as a popular form of folk music performance to describe a particular social professional life, beyond globalization trends, imposition and blends of colonization thinking. This article also explores the significance of these Kooththu songs hold, the importance they have gained in the life of people as well as the value that these Kooththu songs have even today.

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Ribeiro, Rafael Bernardon, Herlon Saraiva Martins, Vera Aparecida dos Santos, Marcelo el Khouri, Leandro Savoy Duarte, Marcelo Nascimento Burattini, Quirino Cordeiro, Luiz Marcelo Aranha Camargo et Carlos Eduardo Pereira Corbett. « Evaluation of Helicobacter pylory colonization by serologic test (IgG) and dyspepsia in volunteers from the countryside of Monte Negro, in the Brazilian western Amazon region ». Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52, n^o 4 (août 2010) : 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652010000400007.

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The present study intended to analyze the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori, IgG, and its relation to dyspepsia in a population from the western Amazon region. During the "Projeto Bandeira Científica", a University of São Paulo Medical School program, in Monte Negro's rural areas, state of Rondônia, 266 blood samples were collected from volunteers. The material was tested for IgG antibodies anti-Helicobacter pylori by ELISA method and the participants were also interviewed on dyspepsia, hygiene and social aspects. Participants aged between five and 81 years old (34 years on average), 149 (56%) were female and 117 (44%) male. We found 210 (78.9%) positive, 50 (18.8%) negative and six (2.3%) undetermined samples. Dyspeptic complaints were found in 226 cases (85.2%). There was no statistical association between dyspepsia and positive serology for H. pylori. We concluded that the seroprevalence in all age categories is similar to results found in other studies conducted in developing countries, including those from Brazil. On the other hand, the seroprevalence found in Monte Negro was higher than that reported in developed countries. As expected, there was a progressive increase in the positivity for H. pylori in older age groups.

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GILI, MARáA LAURA. « CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE EL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO EN VILLA NUEVA (CÓRDOBA-ARGENTINA) EN TÉRMINOS DE HERENCIAS SOCIALES ». Outros Tempos : Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, n^o 21 (30 juin 2016) : 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i21.532.

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Resumen: En la investigación que llevamos adelante con docentes y estudiantes de los Institutos Académicos Pedagógicos de Ciencias Humanas y Ciencias Sociales, de la Universidad Nacional de Villa Maráa, nos proponemos registrar con enfoque histórico-antropológico los elementos constitutivos del potencial cultural histórico de una ciudad del centro-este de la provincia de Córdoba (República Argentina), Villa Nueva. Relatos históricos la sitúan en los inicios del proceso colonizador y como eje regional en el Camino de Postas del periodo independentista. Lo hacemos a partir del registro del circuito e itinerario histórico urbanástico, el relevamiento de sitios históricos, del archivo, la Casa de la Cultura, relatos orales de historiadores, personalidades y vecinos sobre la historia local. Entendemos el patrimonio histórico cultural y los bienes culturales, materiales y simbólicos que lo conforman, en términos de un patrimonio integral, según lo expresa la magister Yoli Martini en su trabajo de 2008. Relevado con investigación interdisciplinaria, permite reconocer los pasados múltiples, visibilizar los aspectos ocultos de la narrativa histórica sobre las herencias sociales en sus expresiones de cotidianeidad, costumbres, estilos de vida etc. Aborda antecedentes históricos de la ciudad de Villa Nueva, conceptualizaciones básicas sobre los relatos orales en la historiografáa, su valor para el registro de la memoria oral y la reconstrucción de los elementos constitutivos e institucionalizados de los bienes culturales inmateriales. Finalmente, señalamos aspectos destacados en la memoria histórica villanovense.Palabras claves: Patrimonio histórico. Herencia social. Memoria oral.CONSIDERATIONS ON HISTORICAL PATRIMONY IN VILLA NUEVA (CORDOBA-ARGENTINA) IN TERMS OF SOCIAL LEGACIESAbstract: In the research we realized with teachers and students of the Pedagogical Academic Institutes of Humanities and Social Sciences, of National University of Villa Maráa, we intend to establish in a historical and anthropological approach, the constituent historical elements of cultural local potential of a city at center-east of Cordoba province (Argentina), Villa Nueva. The historical narratives stands at the beginning of the colonization process and as a regional shaft in ”˜Caminho de Postas”™ in independence period. From historic circuit registration and urban itinerary, it was realized research of historic sites, the archives, the House of Culture, oral accounts of historians, personalities and neighbors about local history. We understand the cultural historic heritage such as the symbolic cultural goods, as material as cultural which give them a shape , in terms of an integral patrimony, as expressed by the magister Yoli Martini in 2008. Developed from an interdisciplinary research, it was possible to recognize multiple pasts, and enable the hidden historical aspects of the historical narrative about social inheritance in their expressions of everyday life, customs, lifestyle aspects, etc. It is discussed Villa Nueva historical background, basic concepts of oral narrative on historiography , its value to oral memory registration, and the reconstruction of the constitutive and institutionalized elements of the cultural and immaterial goods. Finally we point out the highlight aspects featured in the villanovense historical memory. Keywords: Historical Patrimony. Social heritage. Oral memory. CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE PATRIMá”NIO HISTÓRICO EM VILLA NUEVA (CÓRDOBA-ARGENTINA) EM TERMOS DE HERANá‡AS SOCIAISResumo: Na pesquisa que realizamos com docentes e estudantes dos Institutos Acadêmicos Pedagógicos de Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais da Universidade Nacional de Villa Maráa, propomo-nos registrar, com enfoque histórico-antropológico, os elementos constitutivos do potencial cultural e histórico de uma cidade do centro-leste da prováncia de Córdoba (República Argentina), Villa Nueva. Relatos históricos associam-na ao inácio do processo colonizador e, também, ao peráodo da independência, neste caso, classificando-a como eixo regional no Camino de Postas. Realizamos a investigação a partir do registro do circuito e do itinerário histórico urbanástico, levantamento de sátios históricos, arquivo, Casa da Cultura, relatos orais de historiadores, personalidades e vizinhos sobre a história local. Entendemos o patrimônio histórico-cultural ”“ e os bens culturais, materiais e simbólicos que o conformam ”“ como um patrimônio integral, conforme o expressa a pesquisadora Yoli Martini em seu trabalho de 2008. A pesquisa, marcada pela interdisciplinaridade, permite reconhecer os passados múltiplos, visualizar os aspectos ocultos da narrativa histórica sobre as heranças sociais em suas expressões cotidianas, costumes, estilos de vida etc. Aborda antecedentes históricos da cidade de Villa Nueva, conceituações básicas sobre os relatos orais na historiografia, seu valor para o registro da memória oral e a reconstrução dos elementos constitutivos e institucionalizados dos bens culturais imateriais. Assinalamos, por fim, aspectos relevantes da memória histórica villanovense. Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Histórico. Herança social. Memória oral.

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Varani, Nicoletta. « Relations between a Country and a Continent : China and Africa. A first and not a simple matter...... » Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal 4, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gssfj-2021-0013.

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Abstract Through this contribution of a geopolitical approach, the author intends to propose an updated and accurate framework on the relations between China and Africa as well as some critical reflections on various geopolitical and geo-economic aspects concerning the intense development of the diversified economic relations between China and the different African States. China’s foreign economic policy in Africa has laid solid foundations through the implementation of the various Sino-African Cooperation Forums that have taken place since 2000 and that have seen an increasing involvement of the Chinese government in the process. This paper intends to make a brief reflection on China’s visible economic and geopolitical interest in the African Continent as a whole. The analysis that follows traces the main stages in the history of relations between China and Africa, emphasizing the increased importance of the Sino-African forums that led to what is now known as Chinese neo-colonization. In addition, the case studies of the Silk Road and the Rare Lands are highlighted. Finally, some of the social impacts of the Chinese presence in Africa are also examined such as the construction of new cities for the Chinese migrant population and the teaching of the Chinese language (Mandarin) in schools in some African Countries.

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Olusoga, Yinka. « Younger Infants in the Elementary School : Discursively Constructing the Under-Fives in Institutional Spaces and Practices ». Genealogy 3, n^o 3 (9 juillet 2019) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3030037.

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Expansion of state-regulation of education and care for under-fives in England has seen increasing numbers of under-fives attending primary school early years provision in the 21st century’s opening decades. However, this is not entirely novel as under-fives attending elementary school feature in numerous 19th and 20th century reports. This article examines how under-fives have been discursively constructed in three reports between 1861 and 1933. Changing conceptualizations of under-fives are reflected in these documents. Shifting discourses of schooling, child development and curriculum are deployed, adapted or silenced to frame and judge the personal, social and moral conduct of the young child and parent. This normalizing discursive gaze positions the spaces and practices of schooling as necessary interventions inculcating specific governmentally designated desirable aspects of the child. Under-fives are enmeshed in an advancing process of educational colonization that removes them from the home, coming to dominate their time and experiences as young children. Current trends towards earlier school starting ages, longer daily hours, and the forensic use of data to chart progress towards expected goals is extension of this pattern. Attending to the genealogy of the discursive rationalization of this process helps us to critique how similar contemporary policy arguments are made.

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Regis, Leda, Wayner V. Souza, André F. Furtado, Cláudio D. Fonseca, José C. Silveira Jr., Paulo J. Ribeiro Jr., Maria Alice V. Melo-Santos, Marilia S. Carvalho et Antonio M. V. Monteiro. « An entomological surveillance system based on open spatial information for participative dengue control ». Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 81, n^o 4 (décembre 2009) : 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652009000400004.

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Aedes aegypti is a very efficient disseminator of human pathogens. This condition is the result of evolutionary adaptations to frequent haematophagy, as well as to the colonization of countless types of habitats associated with environmental and cultural factors that favor the proliferation of this mosquito in urban ecosystems. Studies using sensitive methods of monitoring demonstrate that the methods of surveillance used in the Brazilian program do not show the high degrees of the infestation of cities by this vector. To increase the capacity of the health sector, new tools are needed to the practice of surveillance, which incorporate aspects of the vector, place and human population. We describe here the SMCP-Aedes - Monitoring System and Population Control of Aedes aegypti, aiming to provide an entomological surveillance framework as a basis for epidemiological surveillance of dengue. The SMCP-Aedes is uphold in the space technology information, supported by the intensive use of the web and free software to collect, store, analyze and disseminate information on the spatial-temporal distribution of the estimated density for the population of Aedes, based on data systematically collected with the use of ovitraps. Planned control interventions, intensified where and when indicated by the entomological surveillance, are agreed with the communities, relying on the permanent social mobilization.

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Vietrynskyi, I. « Historical, Socio-cultural and International Political Preconditions for the Emergence and Formation of the Australian Union ». Problems of World History, n^o 12 (29 septembre 2020) : 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-4.

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The article examines the prerequisites for the creation and early stages of development of the Commonwealth of Australia from the founding of the first European colonies prior to the legal formalization of the federation. Also mentioned are the variability of approaches to the development of Australia’s historiography, in particular from the positions of classical English and modern Australian views. Also, the early stages of the development of the continent that preceded the discovery of Australia by Europeans are considered. It analyzes the wide context of geopolitical processes in Europe in the era of imperialism (XVI-XIX centuries), as well as the circumstances of the formation of large colonial empires. In particular, features of the status, place and role of England in the international political processes of the XVIІ and XVIII centuries are shown, and the stages of the formation of the British colonial empire are also considered. The complex of internal socio-economic as well as foreign policy prerequisites for the beginning of the colonization of Australia by Great Britain is analyzed, in particular the attention paid to the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution XVIII. The stages of formation of the British colonies in Australia, as well as the development of the mainland from the establishment of the first settlement - New South Wales until full control of the continent are investigated. The characteristics of the economic, social, political, demographic and other aspects of the development of Australian colonies are analyzed. The article discusses the evolution of trade and administrative relations between individual colonies, as well as the stages of preparation for the creation of a federation, which was called the Commonwealth of Australia and changed the country's colonial position to the dominion status in the British Empire. Particular attention is paid to the international political processes that accompanied the development of the Australian continent, as well as the role of colonial administrations in regional geopolitical processes, in particular the colonization of New Guinea.

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Bilousova, Liliia. « Emigration of Jews from Odessa to Argentina in the Late 19th - Early 20th century ». Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni : naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, n^o 29 (10 novembre 2020) : 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2020.29.036.

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The article deals with the history of emigration of Jews from the south of Ukraine to Argentina in the late 19th - early 20th century and the role of Odessa in the organizational, economic and educational support of the resettlement process. An analysis of the transformation of the idea of the Argentine project from the beginning of compact settlements to the possibility of creating a Jewish state in Patagonia is given. There are provided such aspects as reasons, preconditions and motives of emigration, its stages and results, the exceptional contribution of the businessman and philanthropist Maurice de Hirsch to the foundation of Jewish settlements in Argentina. There are reflected a legislative aspect, in particular, the first attempt of Russian government to regulate migration abroad with the Regulations for activity in Russia of the Jewish Colonization Association founded in Great Britain; various forms and directions of the work of Odessa JCA committee; the activities of the Argentine Vice-Consulate (1906-1909) and the Consul General of Argentina in Odessa (1909-1917). There are also presented some valuable archival genealogical documents from the State Archives of the Odessa Region, namely the lists of immigrants on the steamer "Bosfor" in April 30, 1894. The article highlights the conditions in which the emigrants started their activities in Argentina in 1888, establishment of the first Jewish colony of Moisesville, the difficulties in economic arrangement and social adaptation, and the process of settlement development from the first unsuccessful attempts to cultivate virgin lands to the numerous farms and ranches with effective economic activities. An interesting social phenomenon of interethnic diffusion of indigenous and jewish cultures and the formation of a unique "Gaucho Jews" group of population is covered. It is provided information on the current state of Jewish settlements in Argentina and fixing their history in literature, music, cinema, documentary. It is emphasized that using historical research and direct contacts with the descendants of emigrants to Argentina could be very useful and actual for increasing the efficiency and development of Ukrainian-Argentine economic and cultural ties

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Trinka, Eric M. « Religion on the move : Mobility, migration and internal religious : Diversity in Biblical and Early Israel and Judah ». Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, n^o 33 (12 décembre 2019) : 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2019.169194.

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Migration is a social process. Religion is fundamentally a social enterprise. Like other aspects of their cultural identities, humans carry their religious identities with them as they traverse geographies. This paper explores the effects of inter-regional movement, as both mobility and migration, on the religious practices and beliefs of ancient Mediterranean peoples, specifically of those who come to be called Israelites. Several studies that account for internal religious differences in Israel and Judah explain Yahweh’s multiple geographic associations as “poly-Yahwism,” assuming that veneration of different geographic associations is in actuality worship directed toward different Yahwehs. Migration studies, specifically those engaging migrant instrumentalization of religion, have not been central conversation partners in these explorations of divine personage. Thus, I argue that the complexities of cultural exchange in the Levantine regions of the Mediterranean in the 1st Millennium BCE and the development of internal religious diversity in ancient Israel can be better understood by integrating modern mobility and migration data. Furthermore, accounting for the dialogical relationship between mobility, migration and religiosity allows scholars to better account for the cultural responses observed in spaces of resettlement and colonization where religion functions both as a source of control and as a resource employed to undermine colonizing power structures. To this end, this paper specifically addresses the occurrence of variant modes of Yahwistic religiosity through two case studies: The first is a migration-informed reading of the Judges 17-18. The second is a mobilities-informed analysis of four inscriptions from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud (Horvat Teman). Together, these explorations provide answers to questions of Yahweh’s multiplicity and his mobile nature.

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Jiménez González, Alfredo, Claudia Jiménez Heredia, Félix Arturo Pincay Alcívar et Martín González González. « PRODUCTOS FORESTALES NO MADERABLES, UN ENFOQUE SOCIAL DE LA CIENCIA Y LA TECNOLOGIA, RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA DEL ROSARIO ». UNESUM-Ciencias. Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria. ISSN 2602-8166 1, n^o 1 (24 avril 2017) : 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47230/unesum-ciencias.v1.n1.2017.3.

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NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS, A SOCIAL APPROACH OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, BIOSPHERE RESERVE SIERRA DEL ROSARIORESUMENEn la zona de transición Oeste de la Reserva de la Biosfera, Cuba, se realizó un estudio relacionado con el aprovechamiento de los Productos Forestales No Maderables con un enfoque social de la ciencia y la tecnología. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, para indagar en la zona aspectos relacionados con las propiedades y usos de los recursos vegetales y animales del área. Se revisaron documentos y literatura especializada, relacionada con la problemática social, evidenciada en que el aprovechamiento de los productos forestales no maderables en la zona, no conduce al manejo sostenible de los ecosistemas en la región; por lo tanto el objetivo del trabajo se relaciona con valorar desde una perspectiva social de la ciencia y la tecnología la situación teórico práctica de los productos forestales no maderables en comunidades aledañas a la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Rosario. El trabajo confirma que el conocimiento empírico de una población humana sobre las plantas y animales del bosque es una fuente fundamental para determinar científicamente los potenciales usos de las especies consideradas como productos forestales no maderables. Así mismo se evidenció una marcada intervención antropogénica en los bosques de la Sierra del Rosario, que data desde el período de la colonización hasta la actualidad, con particularidades en cada etapa y con puntos convergentes en la forma e intensidad del aprovechamiento de los productos no maderables del bosque.PALABRAS CLAVE: bosques, bienes y servicios, comunidades rurales.ABSTRACTIn the western transition zone of the Biosphere Reserve, Cuba, was carried out a study in relation to the use of non-timber forest products with a social approach to science and technology. Were used Theoretical and empirical methods to investigate aspects related to the properties and uses of plant and animal resources in the area. It was reviewed documents and specialized literature, related to social problems, evidenced in that the use of non-timber forest products in the area, does not lead to the sustainable management of ecosystems in the region; therefore the objective of the work is related to assessing, from a social perspective of science and technology, the practical theoretical situation of non-timber forest products in communities bordering the Sierra del Rosario Biosphere Reserve. The work confirms that empirical knowledge of a human population on plants and animals of the forest is fundamental to scientifically determine the potential uses of species considered non-timber forest products source. Likewise, was evident a marked anthropogenic intervention in the forests of the Sierra del Rosario, dating from the period of colonization to the present, with particularities at each stage and with convergent points in the form and intensity of the use of non-timber products forest.KEYWORDS: forests, goods and services, rural communities.

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Ali, Mohammad Arshad. « The Adverse Effects of British Colonialism on the Culture and Psychology of the Indians : A Postcolonial Study ». Green University Review of Social Sciences 7, n^o 1-2 (6 novembre 2022) : 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/gurss.v7i1-2.62679.

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Colonization implies an all-inclusive and all-pervasive process that brings under its occupation not only the land and wealth of the colonized country but exercises domination over all facets of the life of the people – economic, political, social, educational, cultural and psychological in their exteriors and interiors. With full knowledge of how to perpetrate the colonial rule on the colony permanently, the British colonizers went for superimposition of their own culture on the culture of the colonized with the colonized ultimate object of destroying the native age-old and proverbially rich culture of India. Education being the sure and certain weapon to win the battle of superimposition of a certain culture upon another, the colonialists clamped down an Education Policy on the Indians – a policy potent enough to subjugate the Indians under the yoke of colonialism. They propagated their culture through various cultural mediums including dramatic productions, particularly “promoting Shakespeare’s work in colonial Calcutta reproducing the metropolitan culture as a part of the civilizing mission of the British Raj (Sing, 1996, P. 122). The conquest of the civilizational mission of the British Raj so disrupted the cultural and psychological aspects of the life of the Indians (Bangalis) that the elite (so-called advanced section of the population) gloated in the thought that the colonizers had rescued them from backwardness and it was their duty to prop them in all ways possible to continue their regime free from opposition, intervention and rebellion. This was how colonialism throve on the subservient mindset of the privileged class resulting in the prolongation in the sub-continent of the British domination that had to be annihilated by waging tremendous struggle by the people who could not be gained over by the rosy picture of immense prospects hung up by the colonizers. Green University Review of Social Sciences Dec 2021; 7(1-2): 22-34

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NOURINE ELAID, Lahouaria. « L’interculturalité en Algérie dans la perspective de l’intégration et la multiplicité ». ALTRALANG Journal 1, n^o 02 (31 décembre 2019) : 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v1i02.31.

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ABSTRACT: Interculturality describes a relation between cultures because it implies, by definition, interaction, obviously each culture can have ways of thinking, feeling and acting. We propose in this work a reflection on the fact that the west of Algeria has experienced a strong Spanish influence characterized by an important Spanish migratory contribution during the French colonization. As oranian, the traces of the Spanish language conserved in the variety of our Arabic dialect, interest me a lot. It is important then to begin the task of recovering our history and our linguistic heritage, a difficult but necessary task. Our communication aims to present the socio-historical elements that demonstrate the interaction in Algerian society. In it, coexist cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue, thus creating a coexistence based on the acceptance of the other, as a different entity, with a different identity. This acceptance of difference and coexistence arises from the consciousness of society and, therefore, of the individual, through the history of an entire society, a plural identity, or rather an identity with several aspects and several facets. This awareness makes it possible to give more prominence to the aspect of harmony and integration of social culture than differences. It is in this perspective that diversity and multiplicity are seen more as factors of wealth and enrichment than as a division. RÉSUMÉ: L'interculturalité décrit une relation entre les cultures parce qu'elle implique, par définition, l'interaction, chaque culture peut évidemment avoir des façons de penser, de sentir et d'agir. Nous proposons dans ce travail une réflexion sur le fait que l'ouest de l'Algérie a connu une forte influence espagnole caractérisée par une importante contribution migratoire espagnole lors de la colonisation française. En tant qu'oranaise, les traces de la langue espagnole conservées dans la variété de notre dialecte arabe, m'intéressent beaucoup. Il est donc important de commencer la tâche de récupérer notre histoire et notre héritage linguistique, une tâche difficile mais nécessaire. Notre communication vise à présenter les éléments socio-historiques qui démontrent l'interaction dans la société algérienne. En cela coexistent la diversité culturelle et le dialogue interculturel, créant ainsi une coexistence basée sur l'acceptation de l'autre, en tant qu'entité différente, avec une identité différente. Cette acceptation de la différence et la coexistence naît de la conscience de la société et, par conséquent l'individu, à travers l'histoire de toute une société, une identité plurielle, ou plutôt une identité avec différents aspects et diverses facettes. Cette prise de conscience permet de donner plus d'importance à l'aspect de l'harmonie et de l'intégration de la culture sociale qu'aux différences. C'est dans cette perspective que la diversité et la multiplicité sont perçues davantage comme des facteurs de richesse et d'enrichissement que comme une division.

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Martinez Garnica, Armando. « La historia local desde la perspectiva de la sociología de los regímenes ». HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 1, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2009) : 33–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v1n1.9317.

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El artículo analiza la historia local a partir de la sociología de regímenes propuesta por Fred Spier y clasificada por Norbert Elias. El texto analiza los aspectos políticos, ambientales y personales en ámbitos locales. El autor expone la funcionalidad explicativa y analítica del concepto, y lo instrumentaliza en el caso de la fundación y el ámbito social de San Juan Girón (Santander, Colombia) en el siglo XVII. La fundación es vista como el establecimiento de un régimen político cuyas figuras y entidades activas las representa el gobernador y el Cabildo de la ciudad en el marco de una serie de conflictos jurisdiccionales con los habitantes nativos y de localidades vecinas. El efecto de la fundación estimula un proceso de colonización en un paisaje geográfico que determina el régimen ambiental en el que se destacan colonos, hacendados, agricultores y ganaderos. Finalmente el régimen individual se traduce en la creación de redes de parentesco, que reflejan diferenciaciones y rivalidades sociales y étnicas entre grupos y personajes distinguidos de la localidad. El autor se apoya en fuentes primarias y secundarias para rendir cuenta del proceso político-administrativo de la fundación y la emergencia de personajes que constituyeron la red socio-administrativa y gestora del hecho histórico.Palabras clave: historia local, sociología de regímenes, San Juan Girón, siglo XVII.Local history from the perspective of regime sociology AbstractThe article analizes local history from the regime sociology proposed by Fred Spier and classified by Norbert Elias. The text analyzes political, environmental, and personal aspects in local environments. The author exposes the concept’s explicative and analytical functionality, and it instrumentalizes it in the case of the founding and the social ambiance of San Juan Girón (Santander, Colombia) in the 17th century. The founding is seen as the establishing of a political regimen whose figures and active entities are represented by the city’s governor and cabildo, in the framework of a series of jurisdictional conflicts with the native inhabitants and of neighboring localities. The effect of the founding motivates a process of colonization in a geographical countryside which determines the environmental regime in which are found colonists, large landowners, farmers, and cattle ranchers. Finally, the individual regime is translated into the creation of kinship networks, which reflect differentiations, social, and ethnic rivalries among groups and distinguished people of the locality. The author backs his work with primary and secondary sources to give an account of the political-administrative process of the founding and the emergence of people who constituted the socio-administrative and managing network of the historic event. Keywords: local history, regime sociology, San Juan Girón, 17th century.

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