Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Colonies – Administration – History »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Colonies – Administration – History"
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Houllemare, Marie. « Seeing the Empire Through Lists and Charts : French Colonial Records in the Eighteenth Century ». Journal of Early Modern History 22, no 5 (2 octobre 2018) : 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342603.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract By looking at list-making and comparative assessments of trade, this article on central administrative practices of record management aims at discussing the mobilization of archives in French colonial supervision in the eighteenth century. A Bureau des Colonies was created in the French Secretariat of the Marine in 1710: from the very outset, its main mission was to deal with the colonial records, mostly correspondence, through which the colonies were administered. Archives had been collected and classified in the Bureau des archives from 1699 onwards. But this implied an effort in the organization of papers: throughout the eighteenth century, the imperial administration created several other documentary tools that produced a simplified and ideal vision of the empire and of its place in the global order. Looking at the kinds of papers produced by the colonial administration and where these records were kept provides insight into how the central authorities understood the colonial empire. The paperwork shaped the way administrators understood empire, through operations carried out by the clerks on the records. Records were collected from all the colonies and actors, with a growing sense of being a unique agency possessing relevant records that were reduced to similar storage units by agents without field experience. In fact, archives became crucial in strengthening the empire as a political unity, under a centralized metropolitan direction, mainly after the Seven Years’ War.
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Olukoju, Ayodeji. « Slamming the ‘Open Door’ : British Protectionist Fiscal Policy in Inter-War Nigeria ». Itinerario 23, no 2 (juillet 1999) : 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300024748.
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Until recently, when it ceased to be an important pastime, scholars engaged in debate over the motives behind, and the nature of, European imperial enterprise in the colonial territories of Africa. Opinion was divided between those who stressed the altruistic goals and the positive impact of the European ‘civilising’ mission in Africa and others who highlighted the ulterior motives behind, and the uncomplimentary features of, colonial rule. One issue in contention as far as British imperialism was concerned, was the policy of ‘free trade’ in the colonies. It was held by some that Britain operated the ‘imperialism of Free Trade’, that is, it hid under the espousal of that policy in order to acquire colonies and to gain advantage over its rivals in the contest for colonial trade. On the other hand, much was made of Britain's ‘open door’ policy in its colonies as contrasted with the French, for example, who were for the most part protectionists. Yet, as a number of studies have shown, the British were no less protectionist given certain circumstances, and this case study provides further examples of this tendency in inter-war Nigeria. To place the discussion in a proper context, we shall clarify the nature of the fiscal system in British colonies, for this was the linchpin of the administration and the key to understanding economic policy.
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Alnaimatt, Fawaz Awdat. « The Christians of Jerusalem during the British Mandate, 1917–48 ». Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no 1 (1 janvier 2017) : 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1241532.
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This study sheds a light on the history of the Christians of Jerusalem during the period of occupation and the British Mandate, 1917–48. It relies on a set of sources and references, among the most important of which are reports, telegrams, messages and letters exchanged between the British leadership in Palestine and the British Foreign Ministry as well as the Ministry of British Colonies (British Colonial Administration); in addition to Palestinian daily and weekly newspapers; as well as modern sources, studies and memoirs.
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Gardner, Leigh. « The curious incident of the franc in the Gambia : exchange rate instability and imperial monetary systems in the 1920s ». Financial History Review 22, no 3 (décembre 2015) : 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565015000232.
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In 1922, British colonial Gambia demonetized the French 5-franc coin, which had been legal tender at a fixed rate in the colony since 1843. Until World War I, this rate was close to the international rate under the gold standard. When the franc began to depreciate in 1918, however, a gap emerged between the Gambian rate and the international rate, prompting a rapid influx of the coins. The demonetization cost the colonial administration over a year's revenue, affecting the later development of the colony. The 1920s have long been a fruitful period for the study of monetary history owing to the instability of exchange rates during and after the war. This article extends the study of this period to examine the impact of these changes on dependent colonies in West Africa, highlighting the importance of local compromises and particularities in colonial monetary systems.
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McDonald, David MacLaren. « Russian Statecraft after the “Imperial Turn” : The Urge to Colonize ? » Slavic Review 69, no 1 (2010) : 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900016752.
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Willard Sunderland and Peter Holquist find in the same cohort of imperial officials—the “technocrats” in the Resettlement Administration—a key moment in the history of Russian statecraft (gosudarstvennost’), linked in turn to the Russian state's career as a “modern colonial empire.” Thus, each historian seeks to ensconce within a larger institutional historical framework the burgeoning discussion occasioned over the last two decades by the “imperial turn” in Russian and European historiographies.However, each article situates the resettlement administration in very different developmental narratives, reaching equally distinctive conclusions. guided by the foucauldian notion of “governmentality” and james scott's insights on statecraft, sunderland presents the resettlement administration as a proto-ministry of asiatic russia, whose “experts“ would impose in asiatic russia the institutionalization of “difference“ between metropolis and periphery—defined and explained by the new hilfsiuissenschaften—that european empire-builders had applied in civilizing their own overseas colonies.
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Karugila, J. M. « German records in Tanzania ». African Research & ; Documentation 50 (1989) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00010189.
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German East Africa the largest of the former German colonies had a rather interesting history of care, control and preservation of public records. The aim of this paper is firstly to trace in brief the history of German colonisation in East Africa, as a background to a better understanding of the registry practices and records keeping procedures of the government of German East Africa. Secondly, the paper is intended to relate what has happened to the records of the German era after the colony became a mandate under the British Administration and after the attainment of independence.Germany's efforts to found colonies in East Africa can be traced as far back as 1884. In September of that year, Dr. Carl Peters, one of the founders of the German Colonization Society (Gesellschaft fuer deutsche Kolonisation) and his friends, set out on a voyage to East Africa to look for colonies.
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Karugila, J. M. « German records in Tanzania ». African Research & ; Documentation 50 (1989) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00010189.
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German East Africa the largest of the former German colonies had a rather interesting history of care, control and preservation of public records. The aim of this paper is firstly to trace in brief the history of German colonisation in East Africa, as a background to a better understanding of the registry practices and records keeping procedures of the government of German East Africa. Secondly, the paper is intended to relate what has happened to the records of the German era after the colony became a mandate under the British Administration and after the attainment of independence.Germany's efforts to found colonies in East Africa can be traced as far back as 1884. In September of that year, Dr. Carl Peters, one of the founders of the German Colonization Society (Gesellschaft fuer deutsche Kolonisation) and his friends, set out on a voyage to East Africa to look for colonies.
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Bhattacharya, Ujjayan. « From Surveys to Management ». Indian Historical Review 44, no 2 (décembre 2017) : 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983617726471.
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Flood management and embankment maintenance were responsibilities of the state and the social institutions for many centuries. But as the colonial state was based on an epistemic foundation different from the previous regimes, the period witnessed the creation of a new institutional order which resulted in close collaboration between the institution of surveys and the administration of inland water management. As a result, the colonial intervention was characterised by deployment of a corps of engineers who used the knowledge gathered from surveys for managing the water channels and their banks. The process witnessed the establishment of a branch of the military devoted to engineering work in the colonies where supervision and intervention by European experts became an essential feature. The early colonial rule in itself was in a process of transformation: from a commercial/mercantile entity to a fiscal-military state. It was also a state which was establishing a routinised bureaucracy. How both these developments were reflected on the institutions of water management is a central concern of this study. The subordination of the traditional agency in these developments is an important question.
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Taselaar, Arjen. « The Centre des Archives d'Outre-Mer in Aix-en-Provence ». Itinerario 19, no 1 (mars 1995) : 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021215.
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Students of French overseas history could hardly imagine a better place to do their research than Aix-en-Provence, the delightful home of the Centre des Archives d'Outre-Mer. Readers of Itinerario will not expect an éloge on this town in the heartland of Provence, about which all travel guide clichés turn out to be true, but readers with experience of the Aix archives will admit that their surroundings easily divert the attention of even the most dedicated historian. The Centre des Archives d'Outre-Mer or CAOM was created in 1966 as an autonomous part of the Archives Nationales. From the outset it was intended to house the archives of the administration of France's former colonies that had gained independence. In 1987, however, the archives of the metropolitan administration were moved from Paris to Aixen-Provence as well. Nowadays, the CAOM houses collections on the former French colonies in Africa, Asia and the Americas.
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Rathbone, Richard. « A Murder in the Colonial Gold Coast : Law and Politics in the 1940s ». Journal of African History 30, no 3 (novembre 1989) : 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024476.
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This article looks at a murder case which resulted from allegations of ‘ritual murder’ in the course of Nana Sir Ofori Atta's final funeral rites in Akyem Abuakwa, Ghana, in 1944. At the level of the Akyem state, the accusations came from an affronted section within the polity, the Amantow Mmiensa, who had been defeated by the Stool in the course of the 1932–3 disturbances arising from the Native Administration Revenue Ordinance but whose grievances against the Okyenhene were of greater antiquity. The accused were all descendants of past kings of Akyem. At the level of the Gold Coast state, the case provided an arena for some of the best lawyers in the country to use their mastery of colonial law to challenge the legal and hence colonial establishment both in Accra and in London. At the imperial level, opponents of the Labour Government both from the right and the left were able to use the case to belabour a weak Secretary of State for the Colonies both within and outside the House of Commons. The Governor, Sir Alan Burns, was ultimately confronted with an entirely legal if eccentric challenge to his authority in the Gold Coast, and serious assaults on his competence in London. The article argues that the case poisoned relations between Dr J. B. Danquah, the inspiration behind the defence case, and the colonial establishment in Accra so much that the constructive relationship between some of the intelligentsia and the Governor before 1944 was destroyed. This in turn influenced the nationalists' reception of the reformed 1946 constitution and the attitude of the administration to the United Gold Coast Convention.
Thèses sur le sujet "Colonies – Administration – History"
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Allpress, Roshan John. « Making philanthropists : entrepreneurs, evangelicals and the growth of philanthropy in the British world, 1756-1840 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab20c0ea-6720-474d-947c-b66f89c37680.
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This thesis traces the development of philanthropy as a tradition and movement within the United Kingdom and the British world, with attention to both the inner lives of philanthropists, and the social networks and organizational practices that underpinned the dramatic growth in philanthropic activity between the late 1750s and 1840. In contrast to studies that see philanthropy as primarily responsive to Britain's shifting public culture and imperial fortunes during the period, it argues that philanthropic change was driven by innovations in the internal culture and structures of intersecting commercial and religious networks, that were adapted to philanthropic purposes by philanthropic entrepreneurs. It frames the growth of philanthropy as both a series of experiments in effecting social change, within the United Kingdom and transnationally, and the fostering of a vocationally formative culture across three generations. Chapter one focuses on John Thornton, a prominent merchant and religious patron, reconstructing his correspondence networks and philanthropic practices, and revealing patterns of philanthropic interaction between mercantile and Evangelical clerical networks. Chapter two uses the reports and minutes of representative metropolitan societies and companies to develop a prosopography of more than 4000 philanthropic directors, mapping their nexus of interconnections in 1760, 1788 and 1800, and arguing for the importance of firstly Russia Company networks and later country banking networks for philanthropy. Chapters three and four offer an extended case study of the 'Clapham Sect' as an example of collective agency, reframing their influence within the philanthropic nexus, and, through a close reading of their published works, showing how as intellectual collaborators they developed a unique conception of 'trust' that informed their activism. Chapter five shows how philanthropists extended their reach transnationally, with case studies in Bengal, Sierra Leone and New Zealand, and chapter six addresses multiple paths by which philanthropy became intertwined with Empire and the globalizing world in the British imagination.
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Asseraf, Arthur. « Foreign news in colonial Algeria, 1881-1940 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8aac363c-86d6-48dc-888b-320fb4b6fc9e.
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This thesis looks at how news shaped people's relationship to the world in Algeria under French rule. This territory operated under an uncertain legal status that made it both a part of France and a colony, and within it lived a society divided between European settlers and Muslim natives. Accounts of recent events helped Algerians determine what was domestic and what was foreign in a place where those two notions were highly contested. Colonialism did not close Algeria off from the world or open it up, instead it created a particular geography. In a series of case-studies taken from across Algeria, this thesis investigates a wide range of types of news: manuscripts, rumours, wire dispatches, newspapers, illustrations, songs, newsreels, and radio broadcasts. It focuses on the period in which Algeria's legal status as part of France was most certain, from the end of the conquest and the consolidation of Republican rule in the 1880s to the outbreak of the Second World War. In this period, authorities thought the influence of outside events on Algeria was a bigger threat than disturbances within. Because of this, state surveillance produced reports to monitor foreign news, and these form the backbone of this study. But state attempts to manage the flow of news had unintended effects. Instead of establishing effective censorship, authorities ended up spreading news and making it more politically sensitive. Settlers, supposedly the state's allies, proved highly disruptive to state attempts to control the flow of information. Through a social history of information in a settler colonial society, this research reconsiders the relationship between changes in media and people's sense of community. From the telegraph to the radio, new technologies worked to divide colonial society rather than tying it together, and the same medium could lead to divergent senses of community.
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Bournonville, Aurélien. « De l’Intendance au Commissariat de la Marine (1765 – 1909) : un exemple de stabilité administrative ». Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20011/document.
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Les commissaires de la Marine sont les officiers chargés, jusqu’en 2010, du soutien logistique et du service financier dans la Marine française. Ces compétences sont un reliquat de celles qu’ils exercent jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. En effet, outre le service administratif de la Marine, les commissaires sont compétents, au XIXème siècle, pour les affaires maritimes : la navigation commerciale, la pêche maritime, le statut professionnel des marins, les colonies. Ils interviennent dans l’ensemble des matières relevant du ministre de la Marine et des colonies. Cette situation est héritée de l’Ancien Régime. Elle témoigne de l’influence des idées de Colbert sur l’administration des affaires maritimes. Quand il devient secrétaire d’État à la Marine, il met en place non pas un ministère technique chargé des opérations navales, mais une administration chargée de développer l’activité maritime française. Il s’appuie, à cette fin, sur les commissaires de la Marine. Cette situation ne cesse qu’avec l’apparition des navires modernes, en acier et propulsés par vapeur, au XIXème siècleCommissioners of the Navy had been, until 2010, the officers in charge for logistical support and financial services in the French Navy. These areas of responsibility are merely a remainder of their former competences, which they had been exercising until the eve of the First World War. As a matter of fact, commissioners of the Navy were not only in charge for administrative services of the French Navy, but also for all maritime affairs, such as maritime navigation, marine fisheries, the professional status of sailors, and the colonies. They intervened within the field of competence of the Ministry for the Navy and the colonies. This situation is a legacy of the Monarchy and demonstrates the influence of Colbert’s doctrine with regard to the administration of maritime affairs. When he became Secretary of State for the Navy, he did not set up a ministry only concerned by naval warfare, but an administration in charge of the development of French maritime activity. For this purpose, he relied on commissioners of the Navy. This situation ceased only in the 19th century with the emergence of steamships
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Dunn, Nicholas Roger. « The castle, the custom house and the cabinet : administration and policy in famine Ireland, 1845-1849 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2df9d8d-27b3-4785-afce-453ec8984d21.
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It is the contention of this thesis that the activities of, and the influences on, the senior administrators based in the Castle and the Custom House in Dublin during the Great Irish Famine are an essential element to understanding the formulation and execution of Irish Famine relief policy. The principal aim of the study is to articulate the role played by these administrators in the formulation of relief policy. Emphasis is also given to the debates in the Cabinet over Irish relief policy and the influence of the administrators on those debates. The subject of the first chapter is the Science Commission. It examines in turn Peel's motivations for establishing the Science Commission, the chronology of events leading up to its establishment and the activities of the Commissioners both in England and Ireland. The second chapter concerns the Scarcity Commission established by Peel and Graham. It explores the motivations behind the selection of individual Commissioners and the relationships between the Commissioners. It also considers and contrasts the tasks that were officially assigned to the Commissioners and the limited use to which their conclusions were put by the Government. Chapters three and four deal with the Board of Works and in particular its influence on the formulation and administration of relief policy of Richard Griffith, Thomas Larcom, and Harry Jones. The activities of the Commissioners after the reconfiguration of the Board of Works by Act of Parliament in 1846 are examined and the fourth chapter seeks to establish in detail the political context surrounding-the decision to abandon relief by public employment as revealed in the Cabinet discussions at the time. The final chapter examines the actions of Edward Twisleton in Ireland during the Famine and his influence, or lack of it, on the formulation of relief policy. A detailed account is offered of the political context of the Poor Law Extension Act. Twisleton's relationships with both the Treasury and Clarendon, and the motives underlying his resignation in March 1849, are investigated.
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Nelson, Robert Nicholas. « Connecting Ireland and America : Early English Colonial Theory 1560-1620 ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4756/.
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This work demonstrates the connections that exist in rhetoric and planning between the Irish plantation projects in the Ards, Munster , Ulster and the Jamestown colony in Virginia . The planners of these projects focused on the creation of internal stability rather than the mission to 'civilize' the natives. The continuity between these projects is examined on several points: the rhetoric the English used to describe the native peoples and the lands to be colonized, who initiated each project, funding and financial terms, the manner of establishing title, the manner of granting the lands to settlers, and the status the natives were expected to hold in the plantation. Comparison of these points highlights the early English colonial idea and the variance between rhetoric and planning.
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Innes, Mary Joan. « In Egyptian service : the role of British officials in Egypt, 1911-1936 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88cb6bf9-c7ff-4da7-9875-1ff2890b341d.
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In 1919 the number of British officials employed by the Egyptian Government reached a peak of over 1,600, a substantial figure in relation to a colonial administration like the Indian Civil Service. However, due to the anomalous nature of Britain's occupation of Egypt, the workings of British administration there were left deliberately ambiguous. Thus although we have an extensive knowledge of imperial policy with regard to Egypt, we have little understanding of how British rule there actually functioned, certainly nothing to compare with numerous local studies of the Raj or Colonial Service at work. By studying the British administrators of the Egyptian Government, this thesis casts new light on Britain's middle years in Egypt, which saw formal imperial control succeeded by informal hegemony. We begin by analysing the Anglo-Egyptian administrative structure as a product of its historical development. We examine how well this muted style of administrative control suited conditions in Egypt and Britain's requirements there, considering the fact that by 1919 the British officials had become a major source of nationalist grievance. This loss of reputation caused the Milner Mission to select the British administration as a principal scapegoat in its proposed concessions. Moreover, it was the belief of certain leading officials that Britain's responsibility for Egyptian administration was no longer viable which finally helped precipitate the 1922 declaration of independence. The Egyptian Government now took actual rather than nominal control of its foreign bureaucrats, yet even in 1936, over 500 British officials were still employed in finance, security, and in technical and educational capacities. The changing role of these officials within an evolving mechanism of British control illuminates one of the earliest experiences of transfer of power this century.
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Sehrawat, Samiksha. « Medical care for a new capital : hospitals and government policy in colonial Delhi and Haryana, c.1900-1920 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670191.
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Bourgeat, Emilie. « Penality, violence and colonial rule in Kenya (c.1930-1952) ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f33d9b21-f1b4-43cb-bb38-595e5989b931.
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Within the research field of colonial violence, scholars focused on wars of conquest or independence and tended to picture counterinsurgency campaigns as an exceptional deployment of state violence in the face of peculiar threats. In colonial Kenya, the British repression of the Mau Mau uprising of the 1950s has been the object of extensive and thorough analysis, contrasting with the lack of research on colonial punishment during the preceding decades. Yet the unleashing of state violence during the 1950s actually has a much longer history, lurking in the shadows of the criminal justice system that British powers introduced in the colony in the late nineteenth century. In contrast to previous scholarship, this study shows how ordinary colonial violence - although massively scaled up during the 1950s - was progressively normalised, institutionalised and intensified throughout the colonial experience of the 1930s and 1940s, laying the ground for the deployment of a counterinsurgency campaign against Mau Mau fighters.
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Cowell, Christopher Ainslie. « Form follows fever malaria and the making of Hong Kong, 1841-1848 ». Thesis, View the Table of Contents & ; Abstract, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42685618.
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Hall-Matthews, David Nicolas John. « Famine process and famine policy : a case study of Ahmednagar District, Bombay Presidency, India 1870-84 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e072387-d56c-496a-a90a-2ee2f31c29dd.
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Ahmednagar District, in Bombay Presidency, was affected - along with much of South India - by a major drought in 1876-78, leading to famine relief by the Government of Bombay and considerable emigration and mortality. Recent literature, however, has suggested that famine is a complex, human and long-drawn-out process, rather than a sudden, natural phenomenon. This thesis seeks to identify that process among poor peasants in Ahmednagar between 1870 and 1884. It does so by examining their factors of production - land, capital and, to a lesser extent, labour - as well as markets in credit and the cheap foodgrains they produced, in order to locate both their chronic food insecurity and forces increasing their vulnerability over time. In this context, emphasis is given to the relationship of the British colonial state to the peasantry. The agrarian policies and agendas of the Government of Bombay are explored with regard to peasant vulnerability. It is argued that it failed to invest in production and infrastructure, while forcing peasants into competitive markets in which they were ill-equipped to compete. Despite a laissez-faire philosophy, it intervened to first promote, then penalise, usurious moneylenders, reducing the availability of credit. It also taxed peasants directly through the inflexible ryotwari land revenue system. In the crisis, peasants were not treated as famine victims and discouraged from accepting relief. The state can therefore be said to have contributed to the process of famine. It is argued that the propriety of colonial famine policies - and especially of other policies in the agricultural sector that undermined peasant food security - was widely discussed at different levels within the British state, from assistant collectors in Ahmednagar to secretaries of state in London. Attention is given to the way these debates were conducted and the process of policy-making analysed, concluding that the colonial hierarchy made it difficult for officers to be responsive to local problems.
Livres sur le sujet "Colonies – Administration – History"
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On crown service : A history of HM colonial and overseas civil services, 1837-1997. London : I.B. Tauris, 1999.
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Watson, Samuel James. The constitutional history of Canada. Clark, N.J : Lawbook Exchange, 2005.
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Elango, Lovett Zephaniah. The Anglo-French condominium in Cameroon, 1914-1916 : History of a misunderstanding. Limbe : Navi-Group Publications, 1987.
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L'Africa come carriera : Funzioni e funzionari del colonialismo italiano. Roma : Carocci, 2012.
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Lobligeois, Mireille. De la Réunion a l'Inde française : Philippe-Achille Bédier, 1791-1865, une carrière coloniale. [Pondichéry] : Historical Society of Pondicherry, 1993.
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Cell, John Whitson. Hailey : A study in British imperialism, 1872-1969. Cambridge [England] : Cambridge University Press, 1992.
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1942-, Monkkonen Eric H., dir. The Colonies and early Republic. Westport : Meckler, 1990.
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Define and rule : Native as political identity. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 2012.
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Nicaragua, Banco Central de, dir. Nicaragua colonial. Managua, Nicaragua : Banco Central de Nicaragua, 2000.
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Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. Britain's imperial administrators, 1858-1966. New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Colonies – Administration – History"
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M’bayo, Tamba. « Chapter 5. Mediating a complex cultural matrix ». Dans Benjamins Translation Library, 120–44. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.159.05mba.
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The complex cultural matrix within which Muslim interpreters mediated between French colonizers and colonized Africans offers a window through which we see how both unequal relations of power and cultural capital shaped the intercessions of indigenous intermediaries in colonial Senegal. Despite their subordinate position in the French colonial administration, the interpreters held sway over information/knowledge conveyed to their kinfolk, which could influence perceptions about the dynamics of power relations between the French authorities and Africans. Drawing on the mediations of Muslim interpreters in colonial Senegal from 1850 to 1920, this chapter engages broader issues about the provenance of sources, retrieving indigenous voices in historical reconstruction, and producing knowledge and counternarratives in African history.
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Falola, Toyin, et Chukwuemeka Agbo. « Colonial Administrations and the Africans ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History, 81–101. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_3.
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Havik, Philip J. « Administration, Economy, and Society in the Portuguese African Empire (1900–1975) ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History, 213–38. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_8.
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Kroeze, Ronald, Pol Dalmau et Frédéric Monier. « Introduction : Corruption, Empire and Colonialism in the Modern Era : Towards a Global Perspective ». Dans Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 1–19. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0255-9_1.
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AbstractScandal, corruption, exploitation and abuse of power have been linked to the history of modern empire-building. Colonial territories often became promised lands where individuals sought to make quick fortunes, sometimes in collaboration with the local population but more often at the expense of them. On some occasions, these shady dealings resulted in scandals that reached back to the metropolis, questioning civilising discourses in parliaments and the press, and leading to reforms in colonial administrations. This book is a first attempt to discuss the topic of corruption, empire and colonialism in a systematic manner and from a global comparative perspective. It does so through a set of original studies that examines the multi-layered nature of corruption in four different empires (Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands and France) and their possessions in Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America and Africa.
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Irving, Sarah. « Palestinian Christians in the Mandate Department of Antiquities : History and Archaeology in a Colonial Space ». Dans European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918–1948, 161–85. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55540-5_9.
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AbstractCultural diplomacy is often understood first and foremost as an activity of states and institutions, operationalising culture to wield power and communicate ideologies. This chapter considers the use of the concept firstly in terms of its impact on individuals affected by the activities of cultural diplomacy through education and employment by relevant institutions. Secondly, by examining the potential for such individuals also to act as cultural diplomats themselves, for their own subaltern and resistant ends, by tracking the life-histories of Na’im Shehadi Makhouly and Stephan Hanna Stephan, both Palestinian Christian employees of the British Mandate administration’s Department of Antiquities. This chapter shows how cultural diplomacy can be activated as a means of dissent within a colonial setting, but that its appeal and potential are limited.
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Cederlöf, Gunnel. « Histories of Rights in Nature ». Dans Landscapes and the Law, 1–54. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199499748.003.0001.
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This is a study of the formation of legal rights in nature during British colonial rule in South India. Though focusing on a limited geographical area, it has relevance for land law within the colonies of the British Empire. It targets specifically rights of access and ownership of land in territories dominated by indigenous communities, whom the British administration defined as ‘tribal’. Chapter one introduces the larger theme and contextualises the Nilgiri Hills as the location of a close empirical study of land conflicts during its most intense period until the first more encompassing code of rights in nature in the Nilgiris in 1843. The chapter further juxtaposes contemporary debates on how the past and history have been a battleground for codifying such rights. Here, the chapter contrasts the production of history with memory wherein the critique of Eurocentrism has challenged long-term legacies of historismus. Oral history and memory that have been argued to be the privileged arena of subaltern and colonised populations are considered in view of written history being originally oral testimony. Other debates, foundational for the formation of legal codes, have targeted the impact of evolutionary science on history and the role of the resulting discipline as both an imperial and a modern project.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. « Archaeology and the 1820 Liberal Revolution : The Past in the Independence of Greece and Latin American Nations ». Dans A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0010.
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Nationalism did not end with Napoleon’s downfall, despite the intention of those who outplayed him in 1815. Events evolved in such a way that there would be no way back. The changes in administration, legislation, and institutionalization established in many European countries, and by extension in their colonies, during the Napoleonic period brought efficiency to the state apparatus and statesmen could not afford to return to the old structures. Initially, however, the coalition of countries that defeated the French general set about reconstructing the political structures that had reigned in the period before the French Revolution. In a series of congresses starting in Vienna, the most powerful states in Europe—Russia, Prussia, and Austria, later joined by Britain and post-Napoleonic France—set about reinstating absolutist monarchies as the only acceptable political system. They also agreed to a series of alliances resulting in the domination of the monarchical system in European politics for at least three decades. These powers joined forces to fight all three consecutive liberal revolutions that raged across Europe and the Americas, in 1820, 1830, and 1848, each saturated with nationalist ideals. The events which provide the focus for this chapter belong to the first of those revolutions, that of 1820 (see also Chapter 11), and resulted in the creation of several new countries: Greece and the new Latin American states. In all, nationalism was at the rhetorical basis of the claims for independence. The past, accordingly, played an important role in the formation of the historical imagination which was crucial to the demand for self-determination. The antiquities appropriated by the Greek and by Latin American countries were still in line with those which had been favoured during the French Revolution: those of the Great Civilizations. However, in revolutionary France this type of archaeology had resulted in an association with symbols and material culture whose provenance was to a very limited extent in their own territory (Chapter 11) or was not on French soil but in distant countries such as Italy, Greece, and the Ottoman Empire (Chapter 3).
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Priest, Claire. « The Backbone of Credit : The Institutional Foundations of Colonial America’s Economy of Credit and Collateral ». Dans Credit Nation, 38–56. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158761.003.0003.
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This chapter begins by looking at the role of the common pleas courts in colonial credit relations, followed by an examination of the early history of title recording. Historical sources reveal that in most colonies, the adoption of local public title recording was driven both by concerns over convenience and by concerns about fraudulent conveyances — that is, problems arising from a lack of transparency in the purchase and mortgage markets. Most colonies offered a simple solution: mortgages and deeds could be recorded at the sessions of the common pleas courts. Public authentication of deeds and title recording streamlined the existing English conveyancing practices and allowed for the recording of all forms of property serving as collateral, including, most consequentially, slaves. The chapter also demonstrates how the process of securing property rights made some of the colonial legislatures stronger and more deeply intertwined with local institutions than they were before. Creating and empowering local administrations required the colonial legislatures to assert their authority, at times in the face of countervailing assertions of power by crown-appointed officials.
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Firth, Stewart. « Colonial Administration and the Invention of the Native ». Dans The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders, 253–88. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521441957.009.
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Carolino, Luís Miguel. « Enrique González González, with the collaboration of Víctor Gutiérrez Rodríguez, El Poder de las Letras. Por una historia social de las universidades de la América hispana en el periodo colonial, México : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana y Ediciones Educación y Cultura, 2017, 968 pp., ISBN 978-607-02-8942-2 ». Dans History of Universities : Volume XXXIV/2, 183–85. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857545.003.0013.
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This chapter emphasizes how the book Por una historia social de las universidades de la América hispana en el periodo colonial is exceptionally well-researched and fills an important gap in the history of the Spanish colonial universities. It cites a plethora of universities in Spanish Colonial America that played a crucial role in the cultural life and political dynamics of the Spanish America. Por una historia social covers the twenty-seven universities created in fifteen American cities from the sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century. The author, Enrique González, understands the nature and creation of the academic institutions against the economic and administrative needs and cultural dynamics of the colonial society. The chapter points out how González puts forward a social history of the Spanish colonial universities conceived along the lines of the best historiography of universities.