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Hirst, William, et Ioana Apetroaia Fineberg. « Psychological perspectives on collective memory and national identity : The Belgian case ». Memory Studies 5, no 1 (22 novembre 2011) : 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424034.
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The formation and maintenance of a collective memory depends the psychological efficacy of societal practices. This efficacy builds on the strengths and weakness of human memory. We view the articles in this special issue through a psychological lens in order to explore how the efficacy of the actions of the distinctive linguistic communities in Belgium have preserved some aspects of their past and left other aspects forgotten. We highlight four ways the psychology of individual memory can bear on the formation and maintenance of collective memories: the efficiency of actions, the presence of inaction, the relevancy of the personal past, and ‘presentism’.
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HAKANYAVUZ, M. « THE ASSASSINATION OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY : THE CASE OF TURKEY ». Muslim World 89, no 3-4 (octobre 1999) : 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1999.tb02744.x.
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Stone, Charles B., et William Hirst. « (Induced) Forgetting to form a collective memory ». Memory Studies 7, no 3 (17 juin 2014) : 314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014530621.
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How communities forge collective memories has been a topic of long-standing interest among social scientists and, more recently, psychologists. However, researchers have typically focused on how what is overtly remembered becomes collectively remembered. Recently, though, Stone and colleagues have delineated different types of silence and their influence on how individuals and groups remember the past, what they termed, mnemonic silence. Here we focus on the importance of relatedness in understanding the mnemonic consequences of public silence. We begin by describing two common means of investigating collective memories: the social construction approach and the psychological approach. We subsequently discuss in detail a psychological paradigm, retrieval-induced forgetting, and demonstrate how this initially individual memory paradigm can and has been extended to social contexts in the form of public silence and may provide insights into larger sociological phenomenon, in our case, collective memories. We conclude by discussing avenues of future research and the benefits of including a psychological perspective in the field of collective memory.
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Damanik, Erond Litno. « Nurturing the Collective Memory of Plantation Traces ». Paramita : Historical Studies Journal 30, no 2 (1 septembre 2020) : 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.18509.
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The article aims to explore and to discuss strategies for nurturing collective memory and identity in Medan City. The problem is focused on strategies to care for the collective memory and identity of the city while preserving cultural heritage buildings in Medan City. The theoretical references used are the collective memory and city identity approaches of Kusno. The study found that the collective memory and identity of the plantation are attached to the grandeur of the shape and variety of building architecture. The variety of architecture refers to masterpieces of internationally renowned architects, while the forms and patterns represent the climate, aesthetics, and success of the plantation. Novelty studies that the lack of protection of cultural heritage buildings has implications for the waning of collective memory and city identity. Economic and business battles, lack of government political will, and synergy with the private sector have an impact on the destruction of cultural heritage buildings. Cultural heritage buildings are an integral part of the history of Medan City with plantations. The study concluded that maintaining collective memory and plantation identity is a preservation activity of cultural heritage buildings. The strategy of nurturing for cultural heritage buildings is not enough through local regulations, utilization as public spaces, but also providing incentives for cultural heritage building owners. Artikel bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan mendiskusikan strategi merawat memori kolektif dan identitas perkebunan di Kota Medan. Permasalahan difokuskan pada strategi merawat memori kolektif dan identitas kota sekaligus melestarikan bangunan pusaka budaya di Kota Medan. Acuan teoritis dipergunakan adalah pendekatan memori kolektif dan identitas kota dari Kusno. Kajian menemukan bahwa memori kolektif dan identitas perkebunan terlampir pada kemegahan bentuk dan ragam arsitektur bangunan. Ragam arsitektur menunjuk pada mahakarya arsitek kenamaan mancanegara; sedang bentuk dan pola merepresentasi iklim, estetika dan keberhasilan perkebunan. Novelty kajian bahwa kurangnya perlindungan bangunan pusaka budaya berimplikasi bagi memudarnya memori kolektif dan identitas kota. Pertarungan ekonomi dan bisnis, kurangnya political-will pemerintah serta sinergi dengan swasta berdampak bagi pemusnahan bangunan pusaka budaya. Bangunan pusaka budaya merupakan bagian integral sejarah Kota Medan dengan perkebunan. Kajian menyimpulkan bahwa memelihara memori kolektif dan identitas perkebunan adalah aktifitas pelestarian bangunan pusaka budaya. Strategi merawat bangunan pusaka budaya tidak cukup melalui Peraturan Daerah, pemamfaatan sebagai ruang publik, tetapi juga pemberian insentif bagi pemilik bangunan pusaka budaya.
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Sak, Segah, et Burcu Senyapili. « Evading Time and Place in Ankara : A Reading of Contemporary Urban Collective Memory Through Recent Transformations ». Space and Culture 22, no 4 (21 mars 2018) : 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331218764334.
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Based on precedent theories on collective memory and urban studies, this article develops a framework of approach to contemporary urban collective memory. Understanding urban collective memory by handling people and urban space as a system provides a sociospatial perspective for critical approaches to cities. The study initially provides overviews of theoretical approaches to collective memory and city, and then puts forth constituents of urban collective memory. Based on these constituents, contemporary urban collective memory is discussed, and a framework for analyzing contemporary cities in terms of urban space and urban experience is introduced. For a clear portrayal of urban issues within the context, the introduced framework is devised through the case of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey and the inspiring force behind this study. This framework aims to present a ground to assess people’s relation to urban spaces in the contemporary era.
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Zimmermann, Ruben. « Memory and Jesus’ Parables ». Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 16, no 2-3 (6 décembre 2018) : 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-01602006.
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This article interacts with John P. Meier’s view concerning the parables that can be shown to be “authentic,” i.e., shown to have been uttered by the historical Jesus. His highly critical and largely negative result (only four parables remaining parables of Jesus) demonstrates once more that historical Jesus research that is intrinsically tied to questions of authenticity has run its course. Such an approach can only lead to minimalistic results and destroys the sources that we have. By contrast, the so-called memory approach tries to understand the process and result of remembering Jesus as a parable teller. Collective memory requires typification and repetition in order to bring the past to mind in a remembering community. Parables as a genre are such media of collective memory that shape and form not only the memory itself, but also the identity of the remembering community. Thus, the many parables of Jesus in early Christian writings are more than ever an indispensable source for historical research on the remembered Jesus, a point that is demonstrated in the final section of this article using kingdom parables as a test case.
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Huang, Ke-hsien. « Restoring religion through collective memory : How Chinese Pentecostals engage in mnemonic practices after the Cultural Revolution ». Social Compass 65, no 1 (22 janvier 2018) : 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768617747506.
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China has experienced remarkable religious revivals since the Cultural Revolution. I argue that the revivals rely on religious elites summoning collective memory to restore religion, among other factors. In addition, a micro-level perspective is taken, to see how collective memory, more than a group’s collective representation, is the product and resources of religious elites in pursuit of their own interest; the remembrance of the sacred past is a contested, unfolding process of key actors engaging in varied mnemonic practices. Through data collected from long-term fieldwork, I demonstrate how Chinese Pentecostals, after lengthy political suppression, use religious collective memory to rebuild the national community, strengthen the leadership by proving their orthodox character, and fight against mystical separatists. In conclusion, I explain why religious collective memory matters in the case of China in particular, where the state tends to repress religious institutionalization, and Chinese people emphasize the importance of orthodoxy lineage.
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Joseph, May. « Islands, history, decolonial memory ». Island Studies Journal 15, no 2 (2020) : 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.138.
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How do small island ecologies commemorate their disappeared pasts? What are some of the place-making practices that shape the formation of small island collective memories? Through the analysis of five case studies of small island communities in a comparative framework, this editorial introduction to a special section of Island Studies Journal on ‘Islands, history, decolonial memory’ opens up the mnemonic and psychoanalytic challenges facing contemporary island societies and the invention of their social memories. The islands of Balliceaux, Ro, Saaremaa, St. Simon and Dongzhou present competing instances of how memory operates across cultures of remembrance and forgetting.
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Porr, Martin. « Palaeolithic Art as Cultural Memory : a Case Study of the Aurignacian Art of Southwest Germany ». Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20, no 1 (27 janvier 2010) : 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774310000065.
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This article examines aspects of social memory in the Aurignacian mobiliary art of southwest Germany. An analytical distinction is introduced between cultural and communicative memory with different characteristics and functions in Palaeolithic social life. It is argued that the statuettes are reflections of cultural memory, but also stood in a complex and unstable relationship with the flexible conditions of everyday life. The figurative objects are not passive reproductions of collective ideas. Rather, they have to be seen as products of an active individual and intense concern with the field of meanings and associations of cultural memory, and consequently represent individual variations of a socially shared meaningful ideology
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Radhakrishnan, Hari, Damian W. I. Rouson, Karla Morris, Sameer Shende et Stavros C. Kassinos. « Using Coarrays to Parallelize Legacy Fortran Applications : Strategy and Case Study ». Scientific Programming 2015 (2015) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/904983.
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This paper summarizes a strategy for parallelizing a legacy Fortran 77 program using the object-oriented (OO) and coarray features that entered Fortran in the 2003 and 2008 standards, respectively. OO programming (OOP) facilitates the construction of an extensible suite of model-verification and performance tests that drive the development. Coarray parallel programming facilitates a rapid evolution from a serial application to a parallel application capable of running on multicore processors and many-core accelerators in shared and distributed memory. We delineate 17 code modernization steps used to refactor and parallelize the program and study the resulting performance. Our initial studies were done using the Intel Fortran compiler on a 32-core shared memory server. Scaling behavior was very poor, and profile analysis using TAU showed that the bottleneck in the performance was due to our implementation of a collective, sequential summation procedure. We were able to improve the scalability and achieve nearly linear speedup by replacing the sequential summation with a parallel, binary tree algorithm. We also tested the Cray compiler, which provides its own collective summation procedure. Intel provides no collective reductions. With Cray, the program shows linear speedup even in distributed-memory execution. We anticipate similar results with other compilers once they support the new collective procedures proposed for Fortran 2015.
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Roberts, Ian. « Collective Representations, Divided Memory and Patterns of Paradox : Mining and Shipbuilding ». Sociological Research Online 12, no 6 (janvier 2008) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1611.
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This paper seeks to examine the different relationship of two industries to their potential for representation and celebration in collective memory. Looking at case studies of mining and shipbuilding in the shared location of Wearside the paper compares and contrasts features of the two industries in relation to the divergent outcomes of the traces of their collective memory in this place. Using visual representations the paper makes the case that the mining industry has experienced a successful recovery of memory. This is contrasted to the paucity of visual representation in relation to shipbuilding.The reasons for the contrast in the viability of collective memory are examined. Material, cultural and aesthetic issues are addressed. Contrasts are drawn between divisions of labour in the two industries and the ways in which these impact upon community and trade union organisation which further relate to the contrast between industrial and occupational identity. Differences in the legacy of the physical occupational communities of the two industries are illustrated. There is also an examination of the aesthetic forms of representation in which mining is seen as characterised by the aesthetics of labour, whereas shipbuilding is represented more through the aesthetics of product. The way in which the industries were closed also becomes important to understand the variation in the differences of the potential of collective memory. All of these strands are brought together to conclude that in relation to the potential for collective memory, mining can be seen to have gone through a process of ‘mourning’ whereas melancholia seems to more adequately represent the situation with respect to shipbuilding. In illustrating these cases the paper is arguing for a more sophisticated understanding of the process of deindustrialisation and the potential for the recovery of collective memory.
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Hepworth, Andrea. « Localised, regional, inter-regional and national memory politics : The case of Spain’s La Ranilla prison and Andalusia’s mnemonic framework ». Memory Studies 14, no 4 (22 juin 2021) : 856–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211024316.
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The article takes as its point of departure the memory initiatives centring on the former Provincial Prison of Seville in Spain, better known as La Ranilla, and the Law on Historic and Democratic Memory of Andalusia, enacted by the regional government of Andalusia in March 2017. The study examines the local and inter-regional entanglement of memories of collectives, such as local neighbourhood associations, trade unions and Francoist political prisoners and their impact on regional and national memory policies. I argue that regional communities such as Andalusia and other autonomous regions have developed distinct regional collective identities and memories and are hence extending and/or opposing national memory politics by drawing on select localised, inter-regional and global paradigms, evident in the production of counter-narratives by regional governments. The study aims to provide new perspectives for understanding the combination and limitations of localised, regional, inter-regional and national memory politics in regional communities. The conclusion examines the limits to regional justice initiatives when opposing state laws such as the 1977 Amnesty Law.
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Pakhomenko, Sergii, et Olga Sarajeva. « Securitization of Memory : a Theoretical Framework to Study the Latvian Case ». Przegląd Strategiczny, no 13 (31 décembre 2020) : 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2020.1.24.
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The article suggests and argues a theoretical framework for studying a particular case of memory securitization. It is based on the constructivist perception of security that is systematically framed in the studies of representatives of the Copenhagen School, who consider security as a socially constructed phenomenon and define identity protection to be one of its primary goals.
Pursuant to this approach, the article presents a correlation between memory and security in at least three aspects. In the first instance, similar to security, collective memory is socially determined. In the second instance, collective memory lies at the core of various forms of identity, including national identity. In the third instance, collective memory is not only an object of protection but also a resource, which is used by securitization actors for threat identification, enemy image modeling as well as for defining the means of protection.
The Latvian case is applied for setting the theoretical framework of the memory securitization model. In future, it might be used to study specific juridical and political mechanisms of memory securitization in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
The authors perceive the securitization of memory as a diverse complex of measures aimed at establishing and setting a certain historical narrative, as well as convincing society to be actively loyal to it. Accordingly, the policy of memory is defined as a mechanism for putting securitization in practice. The initial conditions for understanding this process in Latvia are the post-communist transition, ethnocultural divisions of the society, and the external factor represented by Russia, that promotes its historical narratives.
In one respect, R. Brubaker’s concept of the “nationalized” state is taken as a theoretical model of the politics of memory in Latvia. According to this concept, the official narrative of post-communist countries has been set as a nation-oriented one. On the other hand, the concept of the memory regime developed by M. Bernhard and J. Kubik is also considered. As per their theory, the memory regime in Latvia can be described as being divided into the official and alternative narrative of counter-memory, which is based on the Soviet legacy.
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Gryta, Janek. « Generational succession, culture, and politics : The shaping of Euro-Atlantic sites of memory ». Memory Studies 13, no 6 (13 janvier 2019) : 988–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018823232.
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Memory studies have often looked to the Cold War and the fall of the Iron Curtain as the principal mediators of collective memory for the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Scholars have often assumed the primacy of political factors in memory work with Cold War politics understood as shaping collective memory both West and East of the Iron Curtain. The present article proposes to problematize these assumptions. While not negating the role of politics, it suggests that the changing cultural priorities of each successive generation were of greater importance than current memory analyses permit. Using the former KL Plaszow (Kraków, Poland) as a case study, this essay draws attention to the common features of memory work shared across the Euro-Atlantic world. Establishing how each of the postwar generations engaged with memory work to suit their particular needs this article analyses the impact that generational sensibilities had on memory sites.
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Abăseacă, Raluca. « Collective memory and social movements in times of crisis : the case of Romania ». Nationalities Papers 46, no 4 (juillet 2018) : 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1379007.
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Social movements are not completely spontaneous. On the contrary, they depend on past events and experiences and are rooted in specific contexts. By focusing on three case studies – the student mobilizations of 2011 and 2013, the anti-government mobilizations of 2012, and the protests against the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation project of 2013 – this article aims to investigate the role of collective memory in post-2011 movements in Romania. The legacy of the past is reflected not only in a return to the symbols and frames of the anti-Communist mobilizations of 1989 and 1990, but also in the difficulties of the protesters to delimit themselves from nationalist actors, to develop global claims, and to target austerity and neoliberalism. Therefore, even in difficult economic conditions, Romanian movements found it hard to align their efforts with those of the Indignados/Occupy movements. More generally, the case of Romania proves that activism remains rooted in the local and national context, reflecting the memories, experiences, and fears of the mobilized actors, in spite of the spread of a repertoire of action from Western and southern Europe.
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Kevers, Ruth, Peter Rober et Lucia De Haene. « Unraveling the Mobilization of Memory in Research With Refugees ». Qualitative Health Research 28, no 4 (18 décembre 2017) : 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732317746963.
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In this article, we explore how narrative accounts of trauma are co-constructed through the interaction between researcher and participant. Using a narrative multiple-case study with Kurdish refugee families, we address how this process takes place, investigating how researcher and participants were engaged in relational, moral, collective, and sociopolitical dimensions of remembering, and how this led to the emergence of particular ethical questions. Case examples indicate that acknowledging the multilayered co-construction of remembering in the research relationship profoundly complicates existing deontological guidelines that predominantly emphasize the researcher’s responsibility in sensitively dealing with participants’ alleged autobiographical trauma narratives. Instead, our analysis invites qualitative researchers to engage in a continued, context-specific ethical reflection on the potential risks and benefits that are invoked in studies with survivors of collective violence.
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Karacan, Elifcan. « An Analysis of Biographies in Collective Memory Research : The Method of Socio-Historical Analysis ». Qualitative Sociology Review 15, no 3 (1 août 2019) : 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.15.3.05.
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This article explores the use of biographies in qualitative research about collective memory. It is argued that commemorative ceremonies, as well as changes appearing in macro-level structures within the time-span of individuals’ life histories need to be included when analyzing biographies in collective memory studies. The article suggests enhancement of the biographical case reconstruction method (Rosenthal 1993; 2004) with two additional stages: analysis of the experienced past with more emphasis on socio-historical transformations; and inclusion and analysis of the ethnographical data collected from collective mnemonic practices. By providing empirical data from the research conducted with political exiles in Germany, these analytical steps of the method of socio-historical analysis are demonstrated in detail.
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Potkański, Jan. « The Dead and the Underworld in Poniewczasie by Wit Szostak ». Tekstualia 4, no 71 (19 décembre 2022) : 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1850.
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The article discusses the treatment of the memory about the dead and the metaphorical use of the motif of the underworld in Wit Szostak’s book Poniewczasie against the backdrop of the contemporary discourse on memory, both individual and collective. The hidden theme of the book turns out to be the protagonist’s transformation reminiscent of psychoanalytic case studies.
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Campo, Alexandre, Stamatios C. Nicolis et Jean-Louis Deneubourg. « Collective Memory : Transposing Pavlov’s Experiment to Robot Swarms ». Applied Sciences 11, no 6 (16 mars 2021) : 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062632.
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Remembering information is a fundamental aspect of cognition present in numerous natural systems. It allows adaptation of the behavior as a function of previously encountered situations. For instance, many living organisms use memory to recall if a given situation incurred a penalty or a reward and rely on that information to avoid or reproduce that situation. In groups, memory is commonly studied in the case where individual members are themselves capable of learning and a few of them hold pieces of information that can be later retrieved for the benefits of the group. Here, we investigate how a group may display memory when the individual members have reactive behaviors and can not learn any information. The well known conditioning experiments of Pavlov illustrate how single animals can memorize stimuli associated with a reward and later trigger a related behavioral response even in the absence of reward. To study and demonstrate collective memory in artificial systems, we get inspiration from the Pavlov experiments and propose a setup tailored for testing our robotic swarm. We devised a novel behavior based on the fundamental process of aggregation with which robots exhibit collective memory. We show that the group is capable of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that is not present at the level of the individuals.
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Shin, HaeRan. « Re-making a place-of-memory : The competition between representativeness and place-making knowledge in Gwangju, South Korea ». Urban Studies 53, no 16 (20 juillet 2016) : 3566–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015614481.
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This paper looks at how place-making at a historic site via collective memory provokes and embraces issues of memory and representativeness. It examines how the power of place-making knowledge and the power of collective memory compete and negotiate in the city of Gwangju, South Korea. Through the analysis, primarily, of archives and in-depth interviews, the research investigates the case of conflicts surrounding the construction of the Asian Culture Complex in Gwangju. The construction included the demolition of the Byeolgwan, where ordinary protesters were killed in the 18 May democratic uprising of 1980. During public consultations and the consensus-making process, victims developed an adaptive preference and agreed to changes proposed without realising what exactly would happen. The controversy that emerged after they expressed their belated criticism clarified the collective memory of 18 May. Intellectuals challenged the power of the 5.18 organisations, bearing professional knowledge and appropriate manners in debates. The conflict contributed to the re-arrangement of power relations in the city and to the clarification of issues that had not been openly discussed before. The power of mourning and symbolising tragedy, usually located with the victims of such tragedy, is challenged by the power of place-making for the future.
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Green, Ben. « Whose riot ? Collective memory of an iconic event in a local music scene ». Journal of Sociology 55, no 1 (15 mai 2018) : 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318773531.
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The application of memory studies to music scenes has so far had a material focus, favouring places and objects. This article critically examines the role of an iconic event in scene identity, through a case study of the ‘Cybernana’ music festival, hosted by Brisbane community radio station 4ZZZfm in 1996 and marked by what has been characterised, alternately, as an audience riot and a police riot. Based on ethnographic research and analysis of cultural texts it is shown that, against official findings and wider disinterest, there exists an intergenerational counter-memory of Cybernana as an iconic event, within a politicised narrative that defines both the radio station and the local music scene. The factors involved in constructing this iconicity are considered, including the role of media. This mediated, cultural memory provides a narrative frame for individual experiences, through which people locate themselves within the scene and reaffirm its collective identity.
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van den Brink, Marieke. « “Reinventing the wheel over and over again”. Organizational learning, memory and forgetting in doing diversity work ». Equality, Diversity and Inclusion : An International Journal 39, no 4 (25 avril 2020) : 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2019-0249.
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PurposeOne of the urgent questions in the field of diversity is the knowledge about effective diversity practices. This paper aims to advance our knowledge on organizational change toward diversity by combining concepts from diversity studies and organizational learning.Design/methodology/approachBy employing a social practice approach to organizational learning, the author will be able to go beyond individual learning experiences of diversity practices but see how members negotiate the diversity knowledge and how they integrate their new knowledge in their day-to-day organizational norms and practices. The analysis draws on data collected during a longitudinal case study in a financial service organization in the Netherlands.FindingsThis study showed how collective learning practices took place but were insufficiently anchored in a collective memory. Change agents have the task to build “new” memory on diversity policies and gender inequality as well as to use organizational memory to enable diversity policies and practices to be implemented. The inability to create a community of practice impeded the change agenda.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could expand our knowledge on collective memory of knowledge on diversity further and focus on the way employees make use of this memory while doing diversity.Practical implicationsThe current literature often tends to analyze the effectiveness of diversity practices as linear processes, which is insufficient to capture the complexity of a change process characterized with layers of negotiated and politicized forms of access to resources. The author would argue for more future work on nonlinear and process-based perspectives on organizational change.Originality/valueThe contribution is to the literature on diversity practices by showing how the lack of collective memory to “store” individual learning in the organization has proven to be a major problem in the management of diversity.
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Gavriely-Nuri, Dalia. « Collective memory as a metaphor : The case of speeches by Israeli prime ministers 2001–2009 ». Memory Studies 7, no 1 (3 septembre 2013) : 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698013497953.
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Birkner, Thomas, et André Donk. « Collective memory and social media : Fostering a new historical consciousness in the digital age ? » Memory Studies 13, no 4 (9 janvier 2018) : 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017750012.
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The impact of social media has grown significantly during the past decade in several fields of our society. This article advocates the research subfield of social media memory studies based on empirical data from a case study on the role of social media in a local conflict about re-naming a public square in an average German town. The square had been named after Paul von Hindenburg, who played a crucial role in the implementation of Adolf Hitler as German Reichskanzler and was therefore regarded as an inadequate public patron. Conservatives fought against the new name, also on Facebook. Our findings indicate that the platform played a decisive role as counter-public sphere against hegemonic mainstream media and politics in fostering a new historical consciousness. The case might be seen as a precedent of right-wing movements and their use of social media in the Brexit campaign or the US elections.
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Winiarski, Paweł. « Koncepcja semiotycznej pamięci kultury Jurija Łotmana jako zasada generatywna w badaniach nad pamięcią społeczną ». Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, no 4 (10 octobre 2017) : 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.4.8.
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For sociologically oriented research into memory, the finding of connections between cultural mechanisms of constructing the past and their socio-structural effects is important. In this context, a principle linking phenomena of memory, culture, and social structure should be of use. This article is devoted to Yuri Lotman’s concept of the semiotic memory of culture, which the author believes could serve as a generative rule for this type of research in the sociology of culture. In the case of studies on social memory, Lotman’s concept constitutes a methodological bridge between phenomena of social memory and the transmission of culture, enabling the question of how the memory of the individual participates in collective memory to be answered.
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Bérubé-Sasseville, Olivier. « Bone in the Throat : Video archiving and identity building within the Montreal hardcore scene ». Punk & ; Post-Punk 00, no 00 (2 août 2021) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/punk_00106_1.
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During the 1990s and early 2000s, the Montreal hardcore scene was a vibrant, thriving and dynamic subculture with a strong sense of community. The generational and cyclical nature of such scenes has led, over the past two decades, to a significant crowd turnover with older people leaving and newcomers taking over. However, through the emergence of an Instagram account created by a man named Andy Chico Mak, its past memories are resurfacing. The recent dissemination of the Bone in the Throat series on social media, along with other archives including flyers, interviews and never-seen-before footage from the era, sparks a series of questions regarding the role and impact of archiving subcultures. Since the archival turn in social sciences, archives are considered as a reflexive and constitutive process of identity building and collective memory creating. In the case of subcultures, often overlooked by official heritage institutions, the importance of understanding archives as a site of cultural production is paramount. The collection and preservation of self-produced documents is key to scholars in order to understand the social and political dynamics at the heart of those communities. This article analyses the impact of years of video archives, gathered and organized through the work of Andy Chico Mak, in the process allowing the creation of collective memory and the development of ‘scene identity’. By relating to contemporary conversations about archiving subcultures, it also provides insight into the impact of new technologies and the creation of ‘subcultural collective memory’.
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Golden, Charles. « FRAYED AT THE EDGES : COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND HISTORY ON THE BORDERS OF CLASSIC MAYA POLITIES ». Ancient Mesoamerica 21, no 2 (2010) : 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536110000246.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis article explores social memory and history as they pertain particularly to secondary political centers on the edges of the Classic Maya kingdoms of Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan. Over the course of the Late Classic period (a.d. 600–900) the rulers of Maya polities in the Usumacinta River basin increasingly relied on the subordinate lords who governed these secondary centers to patrol and control the boundaries of their territories. For the rulers of any state, formulating an appropriate and coherent history to guide social memory is a critical political act for maintaining the cohesion of the political community. But as the Classic period progressed, client lords were increasingly permitted a formerly royal prerogative; they were accorded their own inscribed monuments. The monuments, together with associated ritual performances, were an integral part of the construction of history and collective memory in local communities and allowed secondary nobles to restructure social memory for their own interests. This trend, in turn, increased the potential for royal history and authority to be contested throughout the kingdom. Through several case studies this paper examines the ways that subordinate nobles could contest social memory and history sanctioned by primary rulers and the ways in which kings acted to maintain the reins of history and memory.
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Okawara, Kentaro. « A Critical and Theoretical Re-imagining of ‘Victimhood Nationalism’ : The Case of National Victimhood of the Baltic Region ». Baltic Journal of European Studies 9, no 4 (1 décembre 2019) : 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2019-0043.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract There are many arguments to support the idea that the Baltic nations (and other “victimized” areas) adhere to ‘victimhood nationalism’, a form of nationalism that explains the region’s recognition of its history and the related problems. Since the start of the 21st century, memory and area studies experts have used the concept of ‘victimhood nationalism’. However, the framework of victimhood nationalism is critically flawed. Its original conceptual architecture is weak and its effectiveness as an explanatory variable requires critical examination. This paper presents a theoretical examination of victimhood nationalism from the perspective of political and social historiology. Further, the paper criticizes the concept from the perspective of the empirical area studies of the Baltic region. First, it argues that the killing or damaging of one community by another does not automatically transform into a nationalism of victimhood. Unless it has been established that one community was the ‘victim’ and the other the perpetrator of the crime, these events will not be remembered as the basis of victimhood nationalism. Second, the effectiveness of this concept is criticized from two perspectives: “tangle” as an explanatory variable and its doctrinal history. It is tautological to claim that victimhood nationalism explains political issues, as was already being implied in the early twentieth-century collective memory studies. In conclusion, the assumption of victimhood is a preliminary necessity to a community claiming victimhood nationalism. Victimhood nationalism is not an explanatory, but an explained, variable. Therefore, the concept should be renamed otherwise. The alternative framework of collective memory studies framework of “victimhood” is needed. This research argues that Baltic area studies, particularly regarding history recognition, should be phenomenologically reconsidered to reimagine the framework of “victimhood”.
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Lödén, Hans. « Interpreting conflicting narratives : Young people’s recollections of the terrorist attacks in Norway 2011 ». Memory Studies 13, no 4 (19 novembre 2017) : 470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017741930.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2011, a Norwegian right-wing extremist killed 77 mostly young people in an attack on proponents of multiculturalism. A critical event of this magnitude is important in a nation’s collective memory. For young people’s political socialization and value orientation, it could be crucial. Adolescents’ memories and interpretations of terrorism are an understudied area. On the basis of different memory narratives among ethnic Norwegian adolescents, who were 13 or 14 in 2011, implications of the attacks, seen as a case of collective memory formation of terrorism, are discussed in terms of how young people remember and interpret the attacks and negotiate between competing narratives. Focus group interviews conducted in 2015–2016 with 18-year-olds showed a marked tension between support for democratic values and numerous references to individuals and organizations having critical views on immigration and diversity and the importance of active agents promoting the conflicting narratives.
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Lužný, Dušan. « Religious Memory in a Changing Society : The Case of India and Papua New Guinea ». Changing Societies & ; Personalities 5, no 1 (19 avril 2021) : 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.1.121.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study analyzes the place of religion in the national collective memory and the changes that have taken place in the field of religion in connection with the modernization and emergence of modern nationstates in India and Papua New Guinea (PNG). In the case of PNG, we look at the place of Christianization in the process of modernization, while in the case of India, we analyze the use of Hinduism in the process of forming national identity. Both cases are analyzed with the use of selected cases of material culture in specific localities and they show the ongoing struggle for the incorporation or segregation of original religious tradition into national identity. Both cases are analyzed on the basis of field research. In the case of India, we look at Bharat Mata Mandir in Haridwar, and in the case of Papua New Guinea, the tambaran building in the village of Kambot in East Sepik Province. While Bharat Mata Mandir demonstrates the modernization of tradition and the incorporation of religion into modern (originally secular) nationalism, the decline in tambaran houses is a result of Christianization and the modernization of PNG. The study shows that if there is a connection between religious memory and national memory (or national identity), the religious tradition is maintained or strengthened, whereas when religious memory and national memory are disconnected, religious memory is weakened in a modernizing society.
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Agárdi, Izabella. « Intersections of Memory and History in Rural Hungarian Women’s Life Narratives : Three Case Studies ». Hungarian Cultural Studies 14 (16 juillet 2021) : 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2021.428.
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The article contextualizes the oral life stories of three Hungarian-speaking women and their connections to the national histories of East-Central Europe. Through these three life narratives, I argue that in reconstructing their own life stories, the women articulate historical change. The women – born in the 1920s in the aftermath of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and coming of age in a socialist Eastern bloc as citizens of different nation-states – make up a generation as well as a mnemonic community with divergent versions of their community’s past. They talk about childhood in the interwar era, their maturation during the Second World War, their married life and work during the early years of socialism and their retirement years after 1989. In so doing, they give shape to starkly different family histories and personal experiences which inform not only their political sensibilities, but also their sense of womanhood, ethnicity, social standing and assessments of the past. While placing themselves into a sequence of events, they maintain their sense of integrity and construct political subjectivities. Their stories are imprints of a deeply divided collective memory of a generation bearing all the complexities that make women’s history different from the mainstream historiographical canon.
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Hilmar, Till. « Narrating Unity at the European Union’s New History Museum : A Cultural-Process Approach to the Study of Collective Memory ». European Journal of Sociology 57, no 2 (août 2016) : 297–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975616000114.
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AbstractPower in sociological studies of memory is commonly understood as a function of political interests that are successfully framed as an inclusive and convincing story about selected elements of the past. By showing how negotiations of memory are driven by dynamics of symbolic exchange and by distinguishing techniques of narration emerging from this process, I develop a theoretical model that helps to better understand the locus of symbolic power in mnemonic agency. I consider the case of the plans surrounding a European history museum to show how persistent notions of cultural unity can be drafted in democratic societies.
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Osborne, James F. « Counter-monumentality and the vulnerability of memory ». Journal of Social Archaeology 17, no 2 (12 mai 2017) : 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605317705445.
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Monuments have been a staple of archaeology since the beginning of the discipline and have been used as case-studies for a diverse range of topics. In recent years, monuments have been considered particularly often in studies of social memory. By materializing memorial ambitions, however, the creation of monuments provides a venue for collective memories to be challenged. Despite their outward appearance of strength and permanence, monuments additionally render the memory of their creators vulnerable and open to contestation. In particular, the practice of counter-monumentality, or active and deliberate interventions in traditional monuments, illustrates how the erection of monuments exposes the inherent fragility of memory. Examples from the present and the past demonstrate these points: a statue of Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson in Baltimore, Maryland, and a corpus of monumental statues from southeastern Anatolian and northern Syria during the Iron Age.
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Pitkin, Barbara. « Remembering Jerusalem ». Church History and Religious Culture 102, no 3-4 (15 décembre 2022) : 374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10051.
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Abstract This article analyzes John Calvin’s 1562–1563 lectures on Lamentations as a case study for exploring the role of biblical exegesis in creating and shaping what scholars such as Judith Pollmann have demonstrated to be early modern memory practices. Lamentations is not one of the better-known books of the Christian canon, and although it was central to Catholic Holy Week liturgies, it appears to have played little to no role in Reformation-era doctrinal and ecclesiastical controversies. In content, Calvin’s eighteen lectures on these five poems of lament are typical of Calvin’s historicizing approach to the Bible. Calvin shows deep appreciation for the events underlying the biblical text (in this case, he argues, the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians as a recent calamity) and seeks to relate the biblical past to the conditions of the present. But they can also be considered as a form of memory culture: an effort to engage with a past disaster that not only provides a negative object lesson for the present but, in addition, invites participation in a process of collective memory-making among Calvin’s sixteenth-century Genevan auditors and wider readership.
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Szpunar, Piotr M. « Memory politics in the future tense : Exceptionalism, race, and insurrection in America ». Memory Studies 14, no 6 (décembre 2021) : 1272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211054327.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The grounding myth of American collective memory is built on the idea of America as a promise, what it shall be. Crises place futures in doubt. Against these two considerations, this article examines how the future can be used to shape the past. In the American context, the future as a general promise is invoked in times of crisis to reassure a nation by way of laundering difficult pasts so as to fit a narrative of progress in spite of the continued presence and recursive nature of these pasts. In the immediate wake of the 2021 Capitol Insurrection, another crisis (itself a harbinger of crises to come), the 2000 Bush v Gore decision, was rewritten as an exemplar of American exceptionalism rather than a stain on it. Beyond displaying the intricate relationship between future and past in collective memory, the case highlights how this operation only works to further neglect the racism and unresolved pasts entrenched in the myth of exceptionalism that motivated the Capitol Riot.
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Laubenthal, Barbara, et Kevin Myers. « Memories of Migration ». German Politics and Society 39, no 2 (1 juin 2021) : 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390204.
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Based on key concepts of memory studies, this article investigates how immigration is remembered in two different societies: the United Kingdom and Germany. Starting from the assumption that social remembering has the potential to encourage the integration of migrants, we analyze in several case studies how civil society organizations and government actors remember historical immigration processes and how the immigrant past is reflected in popular culture. Our analysis shows that both countries have several factors in common with regard to the role of immigration in collective memory. A common feature is the marginal status accorded to migration and, when it is remembered, the highly restricted role offered to immigrants. However, our studies also reveal that memory can become an important mode for the integration of migrants if it is used as a form of political activism and if organizations proactively use the past to make demands for the incorporation of immigrants.
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Bandyopadhyay, Dr Prabir Kumar, et Sankar Ghosh. « Examining change management theories through case studies ». International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no 02 (27 février 2021) : 2098–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i2em.08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of the present paper is to examine the already established change management success factors and respective theories, in the light of personal experience in five organizations as a change agent. And examine whether these theories are sufficient to explain the success and failure of change management in Indian organisations. We took the constructivists approach while studying the change management phenomenon. Hence, we relied on a qualitative method. As there is no single truth, the reality needs to be interpreted and the truth discovered based on the collective experiences of the researchers. Therefore, the theoretical perspective of our research is interpretivism. We have used narrative inquiry based on memory as we have first-hand knowledge over a period in each of the five cases and in some cases; we both have experience in a different time period. This approach is appropriate in this case of knowledge of change management, which is unquantifiable and where it is not easy to transfer the experience. Our findings mostly support the existing theories and steps in change management. Out of the ten steps one step is ““Form partnership with stakeholders for guiding coalition” is not supported. Existence of good management practices are a perquisite for a successful change. Institutionalize change is an important step. As there is a gap between observation and articulation of this paper there are chances of missing important observations that could have considered for drawing more insightful conclusion. The study is based on individual’s observation therefore it may have cognitive biases. The case study narratives will give an insight to a practitioner how different organisations management change management process. The findings presented will also be helpful to a practitioner. The strongest new finding is the need to have the good management practices in place before going ahead with change.
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AlSadaty, Aliaa. « Historic Houses as Pillars of Memory : Cases from Cairo, Egypt ». Open House International 43, no 3 (1 septembre 2018) : 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The relationship between collective memory and the built environment is a complex relationship. Though the concept of memory is fragile, the maintenance and continuation of urban memory are essential to maintain groups' identities and to support the sense of place and place attachment between community members and the architectural settings they use and/or reside in. Preserving the physical aspects of buildings, spaces and settings that are linked with memory, is important to preserve the memory, however, the mere preservation does not guarantee the continuation of memory. The maintenance and continuation of memory is a process that depends on several factors, where the preservation of the physical aspects is only one among several. This paper aims at a better understanding of the intricate relationship between collective memory and the built environment, focusing on the processes of formation, stimulation and consolidation of memory. The paper sheds the lights on historic houses that are embedded with significant meanings and memories to their social contexts. It claims that historic houses can easily shift from ‘potential cultural memory' to ‘actual cultural memory' that could act as pillars of memory to their surrounding community, if the conservation process is done comprehensively, that is to include not only the physical and spatial aspects of memory but also to tackle the social dimensions of memory as well. The paper is organized into three sections: the first investigates the memory formation process, focusing on the social and the spatial dimension of memory, then the second investigates the possible channels to memory stimulation and consolidation, and finally, as a case study, the third section investigates the memory of two historic houses in Cairo, Egypt. The review of the works undertaken in the two houses highlights the difference and the distance between the concept of restoration and the essence of conservation. Findings yielded that, urban memory is an important aspect of cultural heritage that should to be captured and preserved for current and future generations, an aspect that is missing in local conservation approaches. Moreover, to be maintained, urban memory needs physical, social and moral props.
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Camargo-Vemuri, Maya. « What We Remember and What We Forget : Selective Memory in the Holocaust ». Folklore : Electronic Journal of Folklore 83 (août 2021) : 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2021.83.camargo_vemuri.
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Why remember atrocity? This paper considers how trauma shapes the political memory of atrocity. What we choose to remember about atrocity is largely determined by the visibility of events, but also impacted by social norms, normalized violence, and perceptions of atrocity. Certain events, although common or not necessarily unusual, are suppressed from memory (both in collective and individual narratives) due to fear, shame, guilt, or disgust. In genocide, we rarely hear about acts that induce emotions such as the ones mentioned, including acts of rape, prostitution, and parricide. Most often, such acts are omitted from the narrative because they are not normal crimes in the societies where they occur, and are seen as particularly horrific. The consequence of this omission is a skewed image or conception of genocide and what it does to the people who are part of it, either as victims or perpetrators. This paper determines that, however uncomfortable, unusual, or painful it is to remember such acts, the memory of such acts is necessary to understand the mechanics of atrocity and victimization. It uses a case study of the Holocaust, focusing on sexual violence, to illustrate the concepts of memory omission, skewed historical perception, and the necessity of understanding atrocity through accurate memory.
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Jabbari, Sevda, et Saghar Hosseinalizadeh. « Effect of Urban Revitalization on Promoting of Sense of Place (Case Study : Behrouzieh Alley & ; Heidarieh Religious Theater of Tabriz City) ». Current World Environment 11, no 2 (25 août 2016) : 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.13.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The word "urban revitalization " has changed significantly especially since 1980s. Looking to future, urban revitalization indicates to "return to home" where "home" refers to human mind and its perception from the environment and sensory experience arising from being in urban spaces. The sense is not tangible and it is empowered through human recognition and its induction by memorial elements. Thus, citizens may participate and take actions in urban revitalization since it leads to urban revive in the modern world and provides a real city for citizens. Unfortunately, the concept of "sense of place" is weakened due to lack of appropriate and accurate revitalization interventions in historical contexts. According to the present article, this study aims at emphasizing on valuable elements to promote sense of place, appropriate revitalization interventions to empower sense of collective memory, highlight valuable elements and solve current problems found in quarters using revitalization approaches as well as appropriate practical and scientific strategies. Conceptual pattern of the article is based on analytical-descriptive method carried out through collecting informative and theoretical data from authentic scientific databases, studying specialized texts, using field studies, and noting the observations. According to the observations, this study focused on parameters of urban revitalization and sense of place including security, vitality, collective memory, Permeability, Compatibility, and building density. Using SPSS software, it was finally made clear that there is a direct relation between urban revitalization and sense of place.
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Wang, Yi, et Matthew M. Chew. « State, market, and the manufacturing of war memory : China’s television dramas on the War of Resistance against Japan ». Memory Studies 14, no 4 (23 juin 2021) : 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211024319.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Remembering the War of Resistance against Japan is central to China’s memory and identity politics. By focusing on the production of China’s War of Resistance television dramas, this study analyzes how collective memory is shaped by market actors and their interactions with the state. The first substantive section investigates how commercial media and the state cooperate in the production of War of Resistance television dramas. The second explicates how market actors undermine the state’s ideological imperatives by adding entertainment content to repackage war memory, which then conflicts with the propagandistic task. This study contributes to introducing the market factor to research on the remembering of War of Resistance in China and enriching the political economy of memory approach by examining an authoritarian state-capitalist case, which is centrally characterized by these cooperative and conflictual relations between the state and the market.
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Balaskas, Vasileios. « Collective memory and Spanish cultural politics : the revival of the Roman theatre of Merida (1910–35) ». Classical Receptions Journal 12, no 4 (30 juin 2020) : 470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/claa004.
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Abstract In the twentieth century, ancient theatres acquired symbolic values through their excavation, restoration, and cultural reuse. While elsewhere in the Mediterranean comparable cases show an early and powerful engagement of a populace with their antiquities, in Spain national ideals did not automatically engage with classical culture. In the case of the Roman theatre of Merida, cultural and historical realities dictated a series of cultural events that repeatedly concerned collective memory. In addition to the main sequence of the unique occasions surrounding the 1933 and 1934 performances at the theatre, various other agencies had systematically focused on its exploitation from the 1910s. These initiatives were endorsed by numerous formal visits and cultural events that took place in the theatre, from as early as 1914. Through successive spectacles staged at the theatre, a cultural tradition emerged, while political agendas occasionally exploited its increasing popularity, right up to the Spanish Civil War.
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Cowling, Daniel. « Anglo–German Relations After 1945 ». Journal of Contemporary History 54, no 1 (14 juillet 2017) : 82–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417697808.
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This article re-examines the 1949 war crimes trial of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, a leading figure in the Wehrmacht High Command during the Second World War. His case, the final British war crimes trial of the immediate postwar era, was fraught with political sensitivity in the face of the Cold War. This research uncovers the gradations and conflicts that characterized British public responses to the Manstein trial, largely overlooked in the existing historiography. It is shown how the successful prosecution of one of the Wehrmacht’s most emblematic commanders for his complicity in the Holocaust became entangled with some of the most contested and controversial issues of postwar Europe. This study highlights, above all, the capacity of powerful political and social elites to instrumentalize the past, disfiguring memories of Manstein's guilt and its manifold implications. These findings serve as an enlightening case study for British cultural memory of the German past, the Second World War, and the Holocaust in the face of an increasingly potent politics of memory. This research thus gets to the heart of the interactions between popular perceptions, collective memory, and political relations so essential to understanding Anglo–German relations after 1945.
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Ioakimidis, Vasilios, et Nicos Trimikliniotis. « Making Sense of Social Work’s Troubled Past : Professional Identity, Collective Memory and the Quest for Historical Justice ». British Journal of Social Work 50, no 6 (2 août 2020) : 1890–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcaa040.
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Abstract Social work historiography has neglected to engage meaningfully with the most troubling aspects of the profession’s past: the histories of complicity, or at least acquiescence, in acts of state violence and institutionalised oppression. Through the exploration of historical case studies, this article provides a tentative typology of social work’s ‘horrible histories’ focusing on the project of engineering the ideal-type family, in colonial and oppressive socio-political contexts. The authors argue that practices of oppression and complicity can neither be reduced to the ‘few bad apples’ approach nor judged through the individualising prism of moralism, prevalent in Kantian Ethics. Instead, they propose an ethics of transformative reconciliation which is based on the principles of apology, respect for victims and collective action for—professional and social—change.
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Kang, Jeong Yoon, et Taehwan Kang. « A Research on the Characteristics and Case Studies of the Uncanny in Private Space ». Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no 10 (31 octobre 2022) : 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.1045.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the uncanny that can be expressed in ‘home’, which is a private space and the most familiar and comfortable space, and to find and analyze cases in contemporary art. First, Freud, Biedler, and Heyduck's concept of the uncanny were examined in the study. Second, the study investigated how the uncanny is revealed in the house, which should be perceived as the most private and comfortable place. Third, the works of Jung-Ju Jeong, Hee-Sun Kim, Rachel Whiteread, and Do-Ho Seo were analyzed by applying the concept of uncanny, which was reviewed. Through this study, along with the transition to modern society, frequent spatial movement, collective housing, and redevelopment are intertwined so that one feels fear from an unfamiliar experience even in a familiar space while changing into a different image from the memory of the space they had. The sense of loss caused by these is acting as the uncanny in private space, and my opinion is that the uncanny in private space is likely to expand in various forms in the future.
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Bohatyrets, Valentyna, et Liubov Melnychuk. « Chernivtsi’s Squares and Monuments in the Context of Distinctive Buko- vinian Identity, Cultural Heritages and Urban Historical Memory ». Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Historica 24, no 1 (15 octobre 2020) : 45–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/auash.2020.24.1.3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the twentieth century, the interdisciplinary field of ‘memory studies’ has become especially topical and drawn upon a variety of theoretical perspectives, while offering a plethora of empirical case studies exploring the politics of memory and urban space, cultural heritage and cultural identity that mould a space’s distinctiveness. This study draws on a comparative analysis to theoretically prove and develop a multifaceted memory of Chernivtsi’s significantly transformed and enriched urban landscape through an interdisciplinary approach involving various methods and instruments for handling the essential societal resources of history, memory and identity. The city of Chernivtsi and the region of Bukovina, historically part of Central Eastern Europe and geo-strategically the heart of Europe, has recently strengthened its voice in becoming culturally and economically bound to the European Union. As a well-preserved city ruled, at different times, by the Habsburg Empire (1900-1918), Romania (1918-1939) and the USSR (1940/41-1991), Chernivtsi (Czernowitz, Cernăuţi, Chernovtsy) serves as a case study for exploring the human fingerprints of every epoch. The city’s architectural diversity offers testimony as to how Chernivtsi’s urban society preserved its unique landscape of identity, embodied in a patchwork of ethnic, linguistic and confessional affiliations, while integrating representational claims and moderating its space. This study analyses the policies and practices of these three epochs in Chernivtsi’s history, in terms of how the city attempted to promote, develop and preserve its cultural heritage, while preserving the collective memory and shaping supranational identity.
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Wheeler, Robert W., Othmane Benafan, Frederick T. Calkins, Xiujie Gao, Zahra Ghanbari, Garrison Hommer, Dimitris Lagoudas et al. « Engineering design tools for shape memory alloy actuators : CASMART collaborative best practices and case studies ». Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no 18-19 (22 septembre 2019) : 2808–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19873390.
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One of the primary goals of the Consortium for the Advancement of Shape Memory Alloy Research and Technology is to enable the design of revolutionary applications based on shape memory alloy technology. To advance this goal and reduce the development time and required experience for the fabrication of shape memory alloy actuation systems, several modeling tools were developed for common actuator types and are discussed along with case studies, which highlight their capabilities and limitations. Shape memory alloys have many potential applications as reliable, lightweight, solid-state actuators given their ability to sustain high stresses and recover large deformations. In this article, modeling frameworks are developed for three common actuator designs: wires, lightweight, low-profile, and easily implemented; coiled springs, offering actuation strokes upward of 200% at reduced mechanical loads; and torque tubes, which can provide large actuation torques in small volumes and repeatable low-load actuation. Although the design and integration of a shape memory alloy–based actuation system requires application- and environment-specific engineering considerations, common modeling tools can significantly reduce the investment required for actuation system development and provide valuable engineering insight. This analysis presents a collection of Consortium for the Advancement of Shape Memory Alloy Research and Technology collaborative best practices to allow readers to utilize the available design tools and understand their modeling principles.
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Murphy, Joanne, Sara McDowell et Maire Braniff. « Historical dialogue and memory in policing change : The case of the police in Northern Ireland ». Memory Studies 10, no 4 (28 septembre 2016) : 406–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698016667454.
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This article explores the complex relationship between organisational change and historical dialogue in transitional societies. Using the policing reform process in Northern Ireland as an example, the article does three things: the first is to explore the ways in which policing changes were understood within the policing organisation and ‘community’ itself. The second is to make use of a processual approach, privileging the interactions of context, process and time within the analysis. Third, it considers this perspective through the relatively new lens of ‘historical dialogue’, understood here as a conversation and an oscillation between the past, present and future through reflections on individual and collective memories. Through this analysis, we consider how members’ understandings of a difficult past (and their roles in it) facilitated and/or impeded the organisations change process. Drawing on a range of interviews with previous and current members of the organisation, this article sheds new light on how institutions deal with and understand the past as they experience organisational change within a wider societal transition from conflict to nonviolence.
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Gimeno-Pahissa, Laura. « Beyond the Threshold of War, There Seemed to Be No Reality and No Past ». University of Bucharest Review Literary and Cultural Studies Series 12, no 1 (20 octobre 2022) : 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/ubr.12.1.5.
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“Beyond the threshold of war, there seemed to be no reality and no past” (Hoffman 13). In her celebrated book After Such Knowledge: A Meditation on the Aftermath of the Holocaust (2004), Hoffman discusses the pervading presence of the Shoah in Jewish culture and memory, its psychological, emotional, and the historical reverberations of such catastrophe but, above all, she analyzes the effects this has had on the survivors’ descendants. Also described by Hirsch, members of the second generation—like Hoffman and herself—established a strong relationship to “the personal, collective, and cultural trauma of those who came before” so much so that their parents’ memories “constitute memories in their own right” (Hirsch 5). This has had such a powerful influence on later generations who have grown up with such inherited memories of catastrophe and trauma, that many of them have started questioning some of these accounts. One such writer is the Jewish American author Nathan Englander who, in his critically acclaimed short story collection What We Talk About When We Talk Anne Frank (2012), engages in a discussion regarding postmemory and its influence on the creation of both a Jewish cultural narrative and collective memory, and how this affects the characters’ lives on many different levels, as well as the voices of third generation authors indirectly. In his work, Englander addresses the discussion of the memory of the Shoah and its later rewritings in quite a provocative way: by means of humor which, as scholars such as Rosenberg and Krijnen maintain, seems to constitute one of the main characteristics of contemporary Jewish writing (Rosenberg 2015; Krijnen 2016). Therefore, it is the aim of this article to analyze Englander’s use of such technique to provide new insights on what it means to be Jewish American today and the effects of the Shoah and its inherited memory on third-generation Jewish American intellectuals.
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Luminet, Olivier, Laurent Licata, Olivier Klein, Valérie Rosoux, Susann Heenen-Wolff, Laurence van Ypersele et Charles B. Stone. « The interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states – the paradigmatic case of Belgium : Introduction to the special issue ». Memory Studies 5, no 1 (20 décembre 2011) : 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main goal of the special issue on ‘the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium’ is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.