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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Cognitività »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Cognitività"

Olson, Jonas. « Hume's sentimentalism : Not non-cognitivism ». Belgrade Philosophical Annual 1, n^o 34 (2021) : 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bpa2134095o.

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This paper considers and argues against old and recent readings of Hume according to which his account of moral judgement is non-cognitivist. In previous discussions of this topic, crucial metaethical distinctions-between sentimentalism and non-cognitivism and between psychological and semantic non-cognitivism-are often blurred. The paper aims to remedy this and argues that making the appropriate metaethical distinctions undermines alleged support for non-cognitivist interpretations of Hume. The paper focuses in particular on Hume's so-called 'motivation argument' and argues that it is a poor basis for non-cognitivist interpretations. While there is textual support for attributing to Hume what may be called 'modally weak' motivational internalism, there is no solid textual support for attributing to him either psychological or semantic non-cognitivism. The paper also challenges briefly some further alleged support for non-cognitivist interpretations. It concludes by offering some positive evidence against such interpretations, namely that Hume appears to hold that there are moral beliefs and moral knowledge.

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Grzankowski, Alex. « Navigating Recalcitrant Emotions ». Journal of Philosophy 117, n^o 9 (2020) : 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil2020117931.

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In discussions of the emotions, it is commonplace to wheel out examples of (for instance) people who know that rollercoasters aren’t dangerous but who fear them anyway. Such cases are well known to have been troubling for cognitivists who hold the emotions are (at least in part) judgments or beliefs. But more recently, it has been argued that the very theories that emerged from the failure of cognitivism (perceptual theories and other neo-cognitivist approaches) face trouble as well. One gets the sense that the theory that can accomplish this will win a crucial point over its competitors. In the present paper I offer a new approach to making sense of the normative tension to which recalcitrant emotions give rise. Interestingly, the approach is one that can be adopted by anyone willing to grant that emotions are themselves governed by norms.

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Ridge, Michael. « Non-Cognitivist Pragmatics and Stevenson's ‘Do so as well!’ ». Canadian Journal of Philosophy 33, n^o 4 (décembre 2003) : 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2003.10716555.

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Meta-ethical non-cognitivism makes two claims—a negative one and a positive one. The negative claim is that moral utterances do not express beliefs which provide the truth-conditions for those utterances. The positive claim is that the primary function of such utterances is to express certain of the speaker's desire-like states of mind. Non-cognitivism is officially a theory about the meanings of moral words, but non-cognitivists also maintain that moral states of mind are themselves at least partially constituted by desire-like states to which moral utterances give voice. Non-cognitivists need a plausible account of what distinguishes whims, addictions and cravings from genuinely moral judgments. For while non-cognitivists maintain that in a suitably broad sense moral judgments just are constituted by desire-like states they also insist that not any old desire constitutes a genuinely moral judgment. Since the challenge is to demarcate what is distinctive about moral attitudes we might usefully call this the demarcation challenge.

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Dammann, Guy, et Elisabeth Schellekens. « Aesthetic Understanding and Epistemic Agency in Art ». Disputatio 13, n^o 62 (1 décembre 2021) : 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2021-0014.

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Abstract Recently, cognitivist accounts about art have come under pressure to provide stronger arguments for the view that artworks can yield genuine insight and understanding. In Gregory Currie’s Imagining and Knowing: Learning from Fiction, for example, a convincing case is laid out to the effect that any knowledge gained from engaging with art must “be judged by the very standards that are used in assessing the claim of science to do the same” (Currie 2020: 8) if indeed it is to count as knowledge. Cognitivists must thus rally to provide sturdier grounds for their view. The revived interest in this philosophical discussion targets not only the concept of knowledge at the heart of cognitivist and anti-cognitivist debate, but also highlights a more specific question about how, exactly, some artworks can (arguably) afford cognitive import and change how we think about the world, ourselves and the many events, persons and situations we encounter. This paper seeks to explore some of the ways in which art is capable of altering our epistemic perspectives in ways that might count as knowledge despite circumventing some standards of evidential requirement. In so doing we will contrast two alternative conceptions of how we stand to learn from art. Whereas the former is modelled on the idea that knowledge is something that can be “extracted” from our experience of particular works of art, the latter relies on a notion of such understanding as primarily borne out of a different kind of engagement with art. We shall call this the subtractive conception and cumulative conception respectively. The cumulative conception, we shall argue, better explains why at least some insights and instances of knowledge gained from art seem to elude the evidential standards called for by sceptics of cognitivism.

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Courtois, Stéphane. « L'éthique du discours et le problème de la connaissance morale ». Dialogue 41, n^o 2 (2002) : 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300013895.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to assess the coherence of the metaethical positions on which discourse ethics as developed by Habermas and Apel rests. After showing that one is faced here with a non-descriptivist, anti-realist but cognitivist moral theory, I examine whether a non-descriptivist cognitivism, on the one hand, and an anti-realist cognitivism, on the other hand, can consistently be held. I maintain that the problem of the relation between cognitivism and non-descriptivism is adequately solved by the two authors, but that the problem of the relation between cognitivism and anti-realism is still waiting for an appropriate answer, which I put forth in my article.

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Guan, Chengying. « The Wishful Thinking Problem for Non-cognitivism : Does It Really Make Sense ? » KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 1, n^o 28 (1 janvier 2014) : 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2014-012804.

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Abstract This paper concerns the Wishful Thinking Problem for non-cognitivism, which has recently been raised by Cian Dorr. Contrary to Dorr’s claim that the Wishful Thinking Problem is a new crucial objection to non-cognitivism in addition to the well-known Frege- Geach Problem, I argue that recent research has shown that the Wishful Thinking Problem is not independent of the Frege-Geach Problem and therefore it is not lethal to non-cognitivism. However, the Wishful Thinking Problem is still a problem for noncognitivism, for it reveals that the Frege-Geach Problem may be even more troublesome than non-cognitivists originally thought

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Copp, David. « A semantic challenge to non-realist cognitivism ». Canadian Journal of Philosophy 48, n^o 3-4 (2018) : 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2018.1432392.

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AbstractRecently, some philosophers have attempted to escape familiar challenges to orthodox nonnaturalist normative realism by abandoning the robust metaphysical commitments of the orthodox view. One such view is the ‘Non-Metaphysical Non-Naturalism’ or ‘Non-Realist Cognitivism’ proposed by Derek Parfit and a few others. The trouble is that, as it stands, Non-Realist Cognitivism seems unable to provide a substantive non-trivial account of the meaning and truth conditions of moral claims. The paper considers various strategies one might use to address the challenge. There is a rich field of views that are cognitivist and non-realist. But the paper is skeptical of the prospects of Non-Realist Cognitivism.

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Fischer, Jeremy. « Why are You Proud of That ? » Southwest Philosophy Review 36, n^o 2 (2020) : 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview202036240.

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Cognitivism about the emotions is the view that emotions involve judgments (or quasi-judgmental cognitive states) that we could, in principle, articulate without reference to the emotions themselves. D’Arms and Jacobson (2003) argue that no such articulation is available in the case of “possessive” emotions, such as pride and guilt, and, so, cognitivism (in regard to such emotions, at least) is false. This article proposes and defends a cognitivist account of our partiality to the objects of our pride. I argue that taking pride in something requires judging that your relation to that thing indicates that your life accords with some of your personal ideals. This cognitivist account eschews glossing pride in terms of one’s “possession” of what one is proud of and, so, escapes D’Arms and Jacobson’s critique. I motivate this account by critically assessing the most sophisticated possession-based account of pride in the literature, found in Gabriele Taylor (1985).

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CIANCIARDO, JUAN. « A “Defense” of Cognitivism and the Law ». Право України, n^o 2021/01 (2021) : 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.33498/louu-2021-01-139.

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This paper consists of a journey marked by three important milestones: (i) an overview of the controversy between cognitivism and non-cognitivism, (ii) a review of the different theoretical positions around this controversy, and (iii) an assessment on the impact of such controversy in theory of law and in the way the work of the jurist is understood. The ultimate objective is to demonstrate that, if followed coherently, noncognitivism can only lead to the unintelligibility of the legal phenomenon. Jointly, and as corollary of the latter, it will be revealed that even highly convinced advocates of noncognitivism implicitly or unintentionally ground their legal theorization in cognitivisttype of assumptions. The author adds that a non-cognitivist judge has a serious risk of incurring in a certain type of professional hypocrisy that would consist in camouflaging the real reasons that led her to choose for the application of a norm instead of another, or to choose one method of interpretation over others, with empty formulas that have nothing to do with those real reasons. As we will see, a non-cognitivist jurist approaches legal norms from a very different perspective than a cognitivist. Although it may sound shocking, justice has little or nothing to do with the work of the non-cognitivist from his perspective. This means that laws can have whatever moral content, that their reasonableness and/or their justice value is defined by the legislator, and that most of the time there are no strict reasons that justify what is that the legislator did when passing a law.

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Sinnerbrink, Robert. « Guest Editor's Introduction ». Projections 13, n^o 2 (1 juin 2019) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/proj.2019.130201.

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Since the early 1990s, phenomenology and cognitivism have become influential strands of inquiry in film theory. Phenomenological approaches remain focused on descriptive accounts of the embodied subject’s experiential engagement with film, whereas cognitivist approaches attempt to provide explanatory accounts in order to theorize cognitively relevant aspects of our experience of movies. Both approaches, however, are faced with certain challenges. Phenomenology remains a descriptive theory that turns speculative once it ventures to “explain” the phenomena upon which it focuses. Cognitivism deploys naturalistic explanatory theories that can risk reductively distorting the phenomena upon which it focuses by not having an adequate phenomenology of subjective experience. Phenomenology and cognitivism could work together, I suggest, to ground a pluralistic philosophy of film that is both descriptively rich and theoretically productive. From this perspective, we would be better placed to integrate the cultural and historical horizons of meaning that mediate our subjective experience of cinema.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Cognitività"

CASTELLANO, FILIPPO. « Funzioni Esecutive e Facial Emotion Recognition in Persone Affette da Schizofrenia : ruolo del Polimorfismo del COMT e dell'Abuso di Alcol e Sostanze ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/94538.

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BACKGROUND: le caratteristiche cognitive e genetiche sono sempre più centrali nello studio della Schizofrenia. La compromissione delle Funzioni Esecutive (FE), definite come un complesso di abilità cognitive superiori attribuibili alle regioni della corteccia prefrontale, e della Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) rappresentano elementi centrali nel disturbo schizofrenico. Ad oggi, però, il paradigma del (dis)funzionamento cognitivo nella Schizofrenia poggia su studi che hanno escluso i soggetti schizofrenici con storia di abuso di sostanze (SUD), che ha mostrato un impatto peggiorativo sulla cognitività nella popolazione con disturbo da uso di sostanze. La letteratura ha inoltre negli anni definito polimorfismi potenzialmente implicati sia nella Schizofrenia sia nei disturbi da uso di alcol e sostanze, come quello (rs4680) relativo al gene della catecol-O-metiltransferasi (COMT). Viste la prevalenza del fenomeno e l’associazione fra cognition, outcome funzionale e le polimorfismi genetici, lo studio di tali correlati nei pazienti schizofrenici con abuso di sostanze costituisce una questione imprescindibile per una più puntuale stratificazione diagnostica, prognostica e dei trattamenti. SCOPO DEL LAVORO: valutare l’impatto del polimorfismo del COMT e dell’abuso di alcol e sostanze sulle performance cognitive in una popolazione di soggetti con schizofrenia. MATERIALI E METODI: si tratta di uno studio descrittivoosservazionale. Sono stati reclutati 62 soggetti (M=50; F=12) con diagnosi di Schizofrenia secondo il DSM-IV (valutata attraverso la Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV, SCID I). Il campione è stato suddiviso a seconda della presenza o meno dell’abuso di alcol e sostanze correlato (valutato con l’Alcohol e la Drug Use Scale -AUS e DUS) in due gruppi, che sono stati poi confrontati per quanto riguarda le caratteristiche sociodemografiche e cliniche (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - PANSS). È stata analizzata quindi l’associazione tra condizione di abuso, polimorfismo del COMT e risultati ottenuti all’Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED), che valuta le FE e il test di Ekman, che valuta la FER, controllando per variabili sociodemografiche e cliniche. RISULTATI: I due gruppi SKZ+SUD (n=28) e SKZ-SUD (n=34) presentano una differenza statisticamente significativa per età con media (SD) pari a 47.21 (9.41) negli abusatori e 36.04 (10.09) nei non abusatori (p<0.001). All’IED gli abusatori tendono a compiere meno errori (IED Total errors adjusted 47.32 (47.77) vs 70.59 (70.84); p=0.26), un minor numero di prove (IED Total trials adjusted 136.61 (85.65) vs 178.35 (128.02); p=0.24) per raggiungere il criterio necessario a superare gli stage e un maggior numero di stage completati (IED stages completed 7.79 (2.11) vs 6.85 (3.12); p=0.35) Al test di Ekman il gruppo degli abusatori (media=41.86 (7.50)) mostra un punteggio statisticamente più alto (p=0.02) rispetto ai non abusatori (media=35.29 (11.79). All’IED (stage completati), controllando per la PANSS, il genotipo Met-Met rispetto al genotipo Val-Val è diverso nel gruppo di abuso rispetto allo stesso confronto nel gruppo di non abuso (interazione con coefficiente -4.09 CI [-8.06, -0.13]; p=0.043): Met-Met mostra una performance peggiore rispetto a Val-Val nel gruppo di abuso. Lo stesso tipo di interazione è confermata anche per quanto riguarda il test di Ekman, pur non raggiungendo la significatività statistica (interazione con coefficiente -6.46 CI [-0.83, 13.76]; p=0.081). CONCLUSIONI: I soggetti schizofrenici con abuso si sono dimostrati tendenzialmente meno compromessi sotto il profilo neuropsicologico rispetto a quelli senza abuso. Inoltre si è evidenziata un’interazione tra il polimorfismo per il gene COMT e la condizione di abuso di alcol e sostanze per quanto riguarda le performance relative alle FE e alla FER.
BACKGROUND: cognitive and genetic features are increasingly important in the study of schizophrenia. The impairment of executive function (FE) and facial emotion recognition, are central issues in schizophrenic disease. To date, however, the paradigm of the (dis) cognitive functioning in schizophrenia is based on studies that excluded subjects with schizophrenia and a history of substance abuse (SUD)(5), which is actually a phenomenon that showed a derogatory impact on cognition in the population with substance use disorder. The literature has also over the years defined polymorphisms potentially implicated in both schizophrenia and in alcohol and substance use disorders, such as the one (rs4680) related to the gene of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Given the prevalence of the phenomenon and the association between cognition, functional outcome and genetic polymorphisms, the study of these related in schizophrenic patients with substance abuse is an important issue for a more precise stratification diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. AIM: to evaluate the impact of the COMT polymorphism and alcohol and substance abuse on cognitive performance in a population of subjects with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this is a observational study. We recruited 62 subjects (M = 50, F = 12) diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV (assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, SCID I). The sample was subdivided according to the presence or not of alcohol abuse and related substances (evaluated with the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale -Aus and DUS) into two groups (SKZ+SUD and SKZ-SUD), which were then compared with regard to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - PANSS). It was then analysed the association between the condition of abuse, COMT polymorphism and score on Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift September (IED), which evaluates the FE and on test Ekman, evaluating the FER, controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: the two groups SKZ+SUD (n= 8) and SKZ-SUD (n = 34) show a statistically significant difference by age with mean (SD) of 47.21 (9.41) in abusers and 36.04 (10.09) in non-abusers (p <0.001). Abusers tend to make fewer errors on IED (IED errors adjusted Total 47.32 (47.77) vs 70.59 (70.84); p = 0:26), fewer trials (IED trials Total Adjusted 136.61 (85.65) vs 178.35 (128.02); p = 0:24) to reach the criterion to overcome the stage and a greater number of stages completed (IED stages completed 7.79 (2.11) vs 6.85 (3.12), p = 0:35). Abusers (mean = 41.86 (7:50)) show a score statistically higher (p = 0.02) compared with non-abusers (mean = 35.29 (11.79) on Ekman test. On IED (stage completed), checking for the PANSS, the Met-Met genotype compared with Val-Val genotype was different in the group of abuse compared with the group not abusing (interaction coefficient -4.09 CI [-8.06, -0.13]; p = 0.043): Met-Met show a worse performance than in the group of Val-Val. The same type of interaction is confirmed also with regard to the Ekman , although not reaching statistical significance (interaction with coefficient -6.46 CI [-0.83, 13.76]; p = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS: subjects with schizophrenia and substance abuse seems to be less compromised from a neuropsychological point of view than those without abuse. Furthermore it is shown an interaction between the polymorphism for COMT gene and the condition of alcohol and substance abuse with regard to the FE and FER performance.

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SANTAMBROGIO, JACOPO. « SPECIFIC COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONING AND VULNERABILITY TO SPECIFIC PSYCHOPATHOLOGY : A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER (INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403047.

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Background Il Disturbo dello Sviluppo Intellettivo (DSI) viene diagnosticato con test cognitivi e valutazioni del comportamento adattivo. Numerosi studi attestano un'elevata prevalenza di disturbi psichiatrici in comorbilità con DSI. Le comorbidità psichiatriche sono spesso sottostimate, ma poiché i comportamenti problema sono spesso presenti, sono sovra-medicate. La relazione tra specifiche disfunzioni cognitive e vulnerabilità psichiatrica non è stata ancora adeguatamente studiata nei casi di DSI, nonostante l'evidenza crescente di comuni alterazioni del neurosviluppo e un'elevata co-occorrenza. Il concetto che una specifica disfunzione cognitiva sia alla base di uno specifico disturbo psichiatrico può facilitare la comprensione della connessione tra alterazioni cognitive e vulnerabilità psicopatologica e può promuovere una maggiore accettazione delle disabilità intellettive e di altri disturbi del neurosviluppo, fornendo le basi per un cambio di paradigma da "QI al di sotto della media" alla “caratterizzazione neuropsicologica”. Obiettivi La presente ricerca mira a rivalutare un campione clinico con DSI nel profilo cognitivo, funzionamento adattivo e comorbidità psichiatriche e ad indagare la correlazione tra disfunzioni e pattern cognitivi specifici e la presenza di sintomi e sindromi psichiatrici specifici nei DSI. Sono stati valutati 120 individui con DSI provenienti da 3 strutture residenziali italiane da giugno 2021 ad agosto 2022. Sono stati divisi in due grupp: il primo gruppo, con maggiori risorse intellettive, è stato valutato utilizzando WAIS-IV o Leiter-3 e una batteria neuropsicologica (TMT, Stroop e TOL), in un secondo momento un caregiver è stato intervistato utilizzando la Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II, SPAIDD-G e STA-DI per valutare rispettivamente, per ogni paziente, il comportamento adattivo, le comorbidità psichiatriche e la presenza di Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico (DdSA). Il secondo gruppo, composto da individui con DSI più grave, è stato valutato solo con test eterosomministrati (caregiver). Elaborazione statistica: calcolo degli indici di frequenza e correlazioni di Pearson. Risultati Il campione era composto da 90 maschi e 30 femmine, età media 57 anni, istituzionalizzati per un periodo medio di 36,44 anni. Il 52% non aveva istruzione, il 19% un diploma di scuola media. Diagnosi DSI: borderline 3%, lieve 16%, moderata 11%, moderato-grave 4%, grave 59%, profonda 0%. Dalle cartelle cliniche, la prevalenza di DdSA in comorbidità è l'11% ma con la rivalutazione alla STA-DI è aumentata al 29%. il 38% ha avuto un comportamento provocatorio; L'89% presentava comorbidità fisiche, il 58% comorbidità psichiatriche, il 56% psicosi. La rivalutazione diagnostica per le comorbidità psichiatriche (SPAIDD-G) ha individuato un numero significativo di disturbi ed ha rivelato che, nonostante la cartella clinica mostrasse una bassa prevalenza di diagnosi psichiatriche, era stata prescritta una quantità consistente di farmaci psicotropi, riflettendo forse la reale prevalenza di psicopatologia qui rivelata dallo strumento SPAIDD-G ma non adeguatamente riconosciuta nella routine clinica e/o erroneamente interpretata come comportamenti problema. Le correlazioni di Pearson tra variabili cognitive e disturbi psichiatrici hanno mostrato risultati significativi. Discussione e Conclusioni Le valutazioni SPAIDD-G hanno evidenziato una maggiore prevalenza di psicopatologia (in particolare DdSA, disturbi dell'umore e ansia) rispetto a quanto riportato nelle cartelle cliniche. Questo dato supporta l'importanza di utilizzare strumenti di screening psicopatologici per migliorare il processo diagnostico nelle strutture residenziali per i casi di DSI, il che di conseguenza migliorerebbe le terapie psicofarmacologiche. La correlazione tra disfunzioni cognitive e vulnerabilità psicopatologica è da approfondire con ulteriori studi.
Background: Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD) is diagnosed with cognitive tests and adaptive behaviour evaluations. There is increasing evidence of a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbid with IDD, including papers on the relationship between adaptive behaviour and psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric comorbidities are often under-estimated, but as challenging behaviour is commonly present, they are over-medicated. The relationship between specific cognitive dysfunctions and psychiatric vulnerability has still not been adequately studied in cases of IDD, despite increasing evidence of common neurodevelopmental alterations and high co-occurrence. The concept that a specific cognitive dysfunction underlies a specific psychiatric disorder may facilitate understanding the connection between cognitive alterations and psychopathological vulnerability, and may provide the basis for a paradigm shift from “intellectually below average IQ” to “neuropsychological characterization”. Aims: The objective of this research was to reassess a clinical sample of IDD in cognitive profile, adaptive functioning and psychiatric comorbidities and investigating the correlation between specific cognitive dysfunctions and patterns and the presence of specific psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in IDD. 120 individuals with IDD from 3 Italian residential facilities were consecutively evaluated from June 2021 to August 2022. They were divided into two groups on the basis of a previous clinical evaluation by expert clinicians: the first group, with more intellectual resources, was evaluated using WAIS-IV or Leiter-3 scales, and a neuropsychological battery using the TMT, Stroop and TOL tests, after which a professional caregiver did individual interviews with them using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II, SPAIDD-G, and STA-DI to evaluate their adaptive behaviour, psychiatric comorbidities and presence of ASD. The second group, composed of individuals with more severe IDD, was evaluated only with professional caregiver assessment tools. The data statistical processing was predominantly calculation of frequency and correlation indexes. Results: The sample was composed of 90 males and 30 females, mean age 57 years, institutionalized for a mean period of 36.44 years. 52% had no education, 19% a middle school diploma. IDD diagnoses: borderline 3%, mild 16%, moderate 11%, moderate-severe 4%, severe 59%, profound 0%. From the medical records, 11% had a comorbid ASD diagnosis, but with diagnostic ASD (STA-DI) re-assessment this increased to 29%. 38% had challenging behaviour; 89% presented physical comorbidities, 58% psychiatric comorbidities, 56% psychoses. The diagnostic re-assessment for psychiatric comorbidities (SPAIDD-G) identified a significant number of disorders and revealed that despite the medical records showed a low prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses, a consistent quantity of psychotropic drugs had been prescribed, possibly reflecting the real prevalence of psychopathology revealed here by the SPAIDD-G tool but not adequately recognized in clinical routine and/or misinterpreted as challenging behaviour. Pearson correlations between cognitive tests and psychopathological items present significative findings. Discussion and Conclusions: In conclusion, the SPAIDD-G evaluations revealed a greater prevalence of psychopathology than reported in the medical records. This finding supports the importance of using psychopathological screening tools to improve the diagnostic process in residential facilities for IDD cases, which would consequently improve the psychopharmacological therapies. They also revealed the need to further investigate the correlation between cognitive dysfunctions and psychopathological vulnerability, studying intelligence as a multi-component model and identifying specific behavioural and cognitive phenotypes in IDD cases.

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Dawson, Paul. « Moral cognitivism and moral realism ». Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407370.

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Machado, Renata Guimarães. « Como é que se diz eu te amo : estudo sobre a relação entre narrativa e emoções ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-16022011-123246/.

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Este trabalho relata aspectos do processo criativo da redação de um roteiro cinematográfico de longa metragem. Procurou-se investigar, durante o fazer do roteiro, o modo como a narrativa pode ser utilizada para despertar emoções e interesse no espectador. Através da revisão de obras de teóricos cognitivistas do cinema e de manuais de roteiro, levanta-se considerações sobre possíveis estratégias para se envolver emocionalmente o espectador. Para ilustrar estas estratégias, é apresentada uma análise da obra Aconteceu naquela Noite (1934). A partir destas considerações, realiza-se a descrição do processo de escrita do roteiro, procurando demonstrar de que forma as considerações teóricas influenciaram neste processo e no produto final, o roteiro completo.
This dissertation reports some aspects of the creative process on writing a feature movie script. During the screenwriting, it was attempted to investigate how the narrative can be used to elicit emotions and interest in the spectatorship. Through the review of Cognitivist Film Theory Scholars and Screenwriting Guides, considerations were raised on possible strategies to emotionally involve the viewer while telling the story. To elucidate these strategies, the analysis of the movie It happened one night (1934) follows. Having reached these considerations, the script is presented along with the trajectory of its writing.

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Blomberg, Olle. « Non-cognitivism and thick moral concepts ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Religion and Culture, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6112.

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Enligt ett argument mot nonkognitivismen som många kritiker hänvisat till, så är denna teori oförenlig med förekomsten av så kallade ‘tjocka moraliska begrepp’. Argumentet har dock aldrig artikulerats och preciserats ordentligt, vilket lett till att det ofta misstolkats av både anhängare och kritiker av nonkognitivismen. I uppsatsen rekonstrueras och utvärderas argumentet såsom det formulerats av John McDowell. Enligt argumentet är nonkognitivismen bristfällig eftersom den inte både kan ge en tillfredsställande analys av tjocka moraliska begrepp och framställa moralisk argumentation och debatt som rationell. Uppsatsen visar dock att nonkognitivister kan undvika denna slutsats på flera sätt. Uppsatsen innehåller även en översikt över olika nonkognitivistiska perspektiv på tjocka moraliska begrepp.

Many critics of non-cognitivism have argued that the existence of ‘thick moral concepts’ constitutes a serious challenge to non-cognitivist views of moral language. While this argument is frequently invoked, it has never been clearly articulated. Hence, the argument is often misinterpreted by both friends and foes of non-cognitivism. In this thesis, John McDowell’s forceful rendering of the argument is reconstructed and evaluated. According to the argument, non-cognitivism is not an adequate metaethical view because it cannot both provide an adequate analysis of thick moral concepts and construe moral discourse as rational. It is argued in this thesis that there are several ways in which non-cognitivists can avoid this conclusion. The thesis also contains a survey of various non-cognitivist views on thick moral concepts.

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Skelton, Anthony John. « Three accounts of cognitivist internalism undermined ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24916.pdf.

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Sobieszczanski, Marcin. « Art et perception : essai d'esthétique cognitiviste ». Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA082101.

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On propose un cheminement vers une esthétique cognitiviste et une série de quatre études où cette esthétique apparaît comme méthodologie critique et clé de l'interprétation. L'art est perception car son matériau est le monde perçu, sa quête est de rendre présente l'existence de cette perception originale et son résultat est l'objet destiné à être perçu. On pratique une voie médiane entre : 1) le dualisme gnoséologique de Kant (la donation sensible d'objets assumée par l'entendement), confiné par certains aspects de la pensée de Husserl dans le solipsisme de la conscience absolue, 2) l'absolutisme de l'Esprit confondu avec le sujet des romantiques. Le sens se déduit à la fois : 1) des processus physiques et phylogénétiques de l'établissement de la conscience du monde, 2) de l'apparaître morphologique pensé par une philosophie structurant les résultats des sciences cognitives. L'art est une attitude doxo-thétique portant sur les perceptions du monde et opérant sur la base d'une ontologie du personnel, du concret et du momentané. . .

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Scano, Maria Carmen <1974&gt. « Aspetti cognitivi dell'epilessia frontale notturna ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1791/1/scano_maria_carmen_tesi.pdf.

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Si tratta di uno studio osservazionale analitico di coorte prospettico volto a rilevare disfunzioni neuropsicologiche nei pazienti affetti da epilessia frontale notturna, attraverso una batteria di test che esplora i seguenti domini cognitivi: intelligenza generale, memoria, linguaggio, funzioni esecutive, attenzione, vigilanza, tempi di reazione, percezione della qualitÃ della vita ed eventuale presenza di sintomi psichiatrici. Lo studio ha un follow up medio di 20 anni e riporta, per la prima volta in letteratura, lâevoluzione clinica dei soggetti che hanno avuto un esordio dellâepilessia in etÃ evolutiva. Fino ad ora, lâepilessia frontale notturna Ã¨ stata associata a disfunzioni cognitive nei soli casi di famiglie affette e nelle quali Ã¨ stato possibile rilevare il difetto genetico. Questo studio ha rilevato la prevalenza di disturbi cognitivi e psichici in un campione di 24 soggetti affetti, mediante la somministrazione di una batteria di test specifica. I risultati sono stati analizzati con il programma statistico SPSS. Tutti i soggetti presentano abilitÃ cognitive inferiori alla media in uno o piÃ¹ test ma il quoziente intellettivo risulta normale nei tre quarti del campione. Il ritardo mentale Ã¨ piÃ¹ frequente e piÃ¹ grave nei soggetti idiopatici rispetto a quelli con alterazioni morfologiche frontali rilevate alla risonanza magnetica. Sono risultati piÃ¹ frequenti i disturbi della memoria, soprattutto quella a lungo termine e del linguaggio rispetto a quelli di tipo disesecutivo. Tutti i soggetti, che non hanno ottenuto un controllo delle crisi, manifestano una percezione della qualitÃ della vita inferiore alla media. Eâ stata valutata lâinfluenza delle variabili cliniche (etÃ di esordio dellâepilessia, frequenza e semeiologia delle crisi, durata della malattia e terapia antiepilettica), le anomalie elettroencefalografiche e le anomalie rilevate alla risonanza magnetica. Le variabili che sono in rapporto con un maggiore numero di disfunzioni neuropsicologiche sono: lâelevata frequenza di crisi allâesordio, lâassociazione con crisi in veglia, la presenza di crisi parziali secondariamente generalizzate e lâassunzione di una politerapia. I disturbi psichici prevalgono nei soggetti con anomalie elettroencefalografiche frontali sinistre. I dati neuropsicologici suggeriscono una disfunzione cognitiva prevalentemente fronto-temporale e, assieme ai dati clinici ed elettroencefalografici, sembrano confermare lâorigine mesiale e orbitale frontale delle anomalie epilettiche nellâepilessia frontale notturna.

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Scano, Maria Carmen <1974&gt. « Aspetti cognitivi dell'epilessia frontale notturna ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1791/.

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Jablonski, Junior Sergio Jacques. « O mundo e a mente : níveis de causalidades e níveis de conhecimento : a causalidade analítica cerebral do mundo na mente e a causalidade mental sintética do cérebro no mundo ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4797.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5147.pdf: 1511558 bytes, checksum: 427e43984f3ba8c9b8518d3e08827a48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04
Cognition and epistemology: the question of the physical causality knowledge as a state and as content. The problem of experience awareness and knowledge in an epistemic analysis of psychology and ontology of the mental, based on a survey of key about the demarcation of different levels for the constructivist knowledge and their mental operations. An important implication of this discussion epistemic (and ontological) is the question of power (or not) support a theoretical possibility of dialogue and interdisciplinary the different conceptual and methodological positions concerning the mental (and knowledge). Discussed in Part I of the possibility of a dialogue between the epistemological pluralism through an analysis comparative concepts that can be equalized if their bases logical to refer to the possibility of a common ontology related, and if this plurality is able to allow for non-exclusive between the terms of their epistemic theories in question. To make viable the possibility of a theoretical investigation of different epistemologies of mind (Part II), we take as criteria translation inter theoretical (our "Rosetta Stone") an analysis relational ontological levels of the three fundamental and irreducible, (the physical, biological and psychological), and the interface between the bio-neurological and psychological meanings occurs through a hierarchy of memories. These levels are defined by fundamental specific epistemologies, which present opportunities for intimate conceptual relationship when rationalized from a perspective ontology based on evolutionary principles (broad temporality) and informational (broad spatiality). In conclusion we present some considerations about the problem of integrating mind-brain through the concept of neural code, capable of playing (in fact a transduction) relational properties of the world standards relationships in the brain, the result is translated into knowledge with potential causal effective power over the world. Thus a system memory operating levels of the same neural code can be considered a psychological synthesis.
Cognição e epistemologia: a questão da causalidade física do conhecimento como estado e como conteúdo. O problema da experiência consciente e do conhecimento em uma análise epistêmica da psicologia e ontológica do mental, com base em um exame de conceitos fundamentais acerca da demarcação de níveis construtivistas distintos para o conhecimento e suas operações mentais. Uma implicação importante desta discussão epistêmica (e ontológica) é a questão de poder (ou não) sustentar uma possibilidade de diálogo teórico e interdisciplinar entre as diferentes posições conceituais e metodológicas acerca do mental (e do conhecimento). Discutimos na Parte I a possibilidade de um diálogo entre o pluralismo epistemológico através de uma análise comparativa de conceitos que possam ser equalizados se, suas bases lógicas remeterem à possibilidade de uma mesma ontologia relacionada, e se este pluralismo for capaz de permitir relação não excludente entre os termos epistêmicos das respectivas teorias em questão. Para tornar viável tal possibilidade de investigação teórica entre diferentes epistemologias do mental (Parte II), tomamos como critérios de tradução inter teórica (nossa pedra de roseta ) uma análise relacional dos três níveis ontológicos fundamentais e irredutíveis, (o físico, o biológico e o psicológico), sendo que a interface entre o bioneurológico e os significados psicológicos ocorre através de uma hierarquia de memórias. Tais níveis fundamentais são definidos por epistemologias específicas, que apresentam possibilidades de íntimo relacionamento conceitual quando racionalizadas sob uma perspectiva ontológica fundamentada em princípios evolutivos (ampla temporalidade) e informacionais (ampla espacialidade). Na conclusão apresentamos algumas considerações acerca do problema da integração mente-cérebro, através do conceito de código neural, capaz de reproduzir (na verdade uma transdução de) propriedades relacionais do mundo em padrões relacionais do cérebro, cujo resultado se traduz em conhecimento com potencial de poder causal efetivo sobre o mundo. Desta forma um sistema de memórias que operam níveis de um mesmo código neural pode ser considerado uma síntese psicológica.

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Livres sur le sujet "Cognitività"

Giudice, Santi Lo. Emozioni e cognitività in Nietzsche : Un approccio fisiologico. Cosenza, Italy : Luigi Pellegrini editore, 2011.

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Viale, Riccardo. Methodological Cognitivism. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40216-6.

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Leidlmair, Karl. After Cognitivism. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9992-2.

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Viale, Riccardo. Methodological Cognitivism. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24743-9.

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Kellenberger, J. The Cognitivity of Religion. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07892-9.

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Eléments d'esthétique cognitiviste. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2000.

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Mimma, Bresciani Califano, dir. Memoria : Vagabondaggi cognitivi. Firenze : L.S. Olschki, 2008.

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L'organisation : Une perspective cognitiviste. Québec : Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004.

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The cognitivity of religion : Three perspectives. London : Macmillan, 1985.

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The cognitivity of religion : Three perspectives. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Cognitività"

Vita, Antonio, Francesca Milani, Pier Paolo Faresin et Emilio Sacchetti. « La cognitività sociale nella schizofrenia : modelli interpretativi e strategie di intervento ». Dans Neuroscienze e teoria psicoanalitica, 163–89. Milano : Springer Milan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5346-5_9.

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Matthew S., Bedke. « Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism ». Dans The Routledge Handbook of Metaethics, 292–307. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series : Routledge handbooks in philosophy : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315213217-19.

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Saidel, Eric. « Cognitivism ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–12. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1215-1.

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Saidel, Eric. « Cognitivism ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1509–20. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1215.

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Mancing, Howard, et Jennifer Marston William. « Cognitivism ». Dans Restoring the Human Context to Literary and Performance Studies, 261–80. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89078-0_11.

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Garnham, Alan. « Cognitivism ». Dans The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Psychology, 99–110. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429244629-7.

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Fraser, Helen. « Cognitivist Philosophy ». Dans The Subject of Speech Perception, 38–73. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12368-1_2.

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Clarke, D. S. « Cognitivist Reformulations ». Dans Practical Inferences, 70–86. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003345688-4.

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Huemer, Michael. « Non-Cognitivism ». Dans Ethical Intuitionism, 17–47. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597051_2.

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Huemer, Michael. « Non-Cognitivism ». Dans Ethical Intuitionism, 17–47. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-50317-5_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Cognitività"

Kaptelinin, Victor, Bonnie Nardi, Susanne Bødker, John Carroll, Jim Hollan, Edwin Hutchins et Terry Winograd. « Post-cognitivist HCI ». Dans CHI '03 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/765891.765933.

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Liao, Chien-Hsing, Fu-Hao Yeh, Jia-Chin Lin et Mu-King Tsay. « Elliptic radio environments cognitivity through sequential scanning scheme ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6057387.

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Mucchi, Lorenzo, et Alessio Carpini. « Aggregate Interference in ISM Band : WBANs need cognitivity ? » Dans 9th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks. ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2014.255775.

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Bernard, Denys. « Cognitive interaction : Towards "cognitivity" requirements for the design of virtual assistants ». Dans 2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2017.8122604.

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Gerson, Joni Fischer. « Beyond Neuroscience Cognitivism : Criticism of Substance and Structural Dualisms ». Dans Third International Conference on Social Science, Public Health and Education (SSPHE 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200205.001.

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Alghazzawi, Daniyal M. « Representing OS services for computer novices using constructivism and cognitivism ». Dans 2012 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2012.6201123.

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Rüütmann, Tiia. « ENGINEERING PEDAGOGY SCIENCE AS THE CONTEMPORARY BASIS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING ». Dans 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2019). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2019.187.

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This study is introducing the basic principles of Engineering Pedagogy Science for effective design, teaching and learning of science, technology and engineering. The basic didactical models are introduced for contemporary design of effective teaching and learning. A quadruple instruction model of Engineering Pedagogy Science is proposed, integrating the principles of Behaviourism, Cognitivism, Social Constructivism and Humanism on the basis of didactic model of Engineering Pedagogy Science. Keywords: didactical model, effective teaching of STE, engineering pedagogy, educational design, quadruple instruction model.

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Bakar, Hajah Norasiken Bte, et Halimah Badioze Zaman. « Virtual laboratory for chemistry based on the constructivism-cognitivism-contextual approach (VLab-Chem) ». Dans 2008 International Symposium on Information Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsim.2008.4631622.

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Baltieri, Manuel, et Christopher L. Buckley. « The dark room problem in predictive processing and active inference, a legacy of cognitivism ? » Dans The 2019 Conference on Artificial Life. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isal_a_00137.

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