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Khouz, Abdellah, Jorge Trindade, Sérgio C. Oliveira, Fatima El Bchari, Blaid Bougadir, Ricardo A. C. Garcia et Mourad Jadoud. « Landslide susceptibility assessment in the rocky coast subsystem of Essaouira, Morocco ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no 11 (24 novembre 2022) : 3793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3793-2022.
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Abstract. In recent decades, multiple researchers have produced landslide susceptibility maps using different techniques and models, including the information value method, which is a statistical model that is widely applied to various coastal environments. This study aimed to evaluate susceptibility to landslides in the Essaouira coastal area using bivariate statistical methods. In this study, 588 distinct landslides were identified, inventoried, and mapped. Landslides are performed by means of observation and interpretation of different data sources, namely high-resolution satellite images, aerial photographs, topographic maps, and extensive field surveys. The rocky coastal system of Essaouira is located in the middle of the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The study area was split into 1534 cliff terrain units that were 50 m in width. For training and validation purposes, the landslide inventory was divided into two independent groups: 70 % for training and 30 % for validation. Twenty-two layers of landslide conditioning factors were prepared – namely, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, cliff height, topographic wetness index, topographic position index, slope over area ratio, solar radiation, presence of faulting, lithological units, toe lithology, presence and type of cliff toe protection, layer tilt, rainfall, streams, land-use patterns, normalised difference vegetation index, lithological material grain size, and presence of springs. The statistical relationship between the conditioning factors and the different landslide types was calculated using the bivariate information value method in a pixel-based model and in the elementary terrain units-based model. Coastal landside susceptibility maps were validated using landslide training group partitions. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve were used to assess the accuracy and prediction capacity of the different coastal landslide susceptibility models. Two methodologies, considering a pixel-based approach and using coastal terrain units, were adopted to evaluate coastal landslide susceptibility. The results allowed for the classification of 38 % of the rocky coast subsystem as having high susceptibility to landslides, which were mostly located in the southern part of the Essaouira coastal area. These susceptibility maps will be useful for future planned development activities as well as for environmental protection.
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Jimenez, Arturo, Oleg Mouraenko et Cheng-Feng Tsai. « NUMERICAL MODELING OF TSUNAMI GENERATED BY SUBMARINE AND SUBAERIAL LANDSLIDES ». Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no 36 (30 décembre 2018) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.28.
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Tsunami triggered by landslides have proven to be greatly destructive to the coast (e.g. 1998 Papua New Guinea) and, in many coastal areas, to be crucial in the design of infrastructure and tsunami hazard mapping. Numerical models are the most widely used tool to study this type of tsunami. Some commercial coastal modeling software have added the ability to incorporate time- and spatial-varying ground elevations to model landslides. However, the evolution of the landslide must still be predefined in a way that is consistent with the physics of landslide motion.
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Li, Jin Kui, Hua Zhong Sun et Xia Li. « Landslide Machanism in Xinghai Zhong Long Yuan and Its Reinforcement Technology ». Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (mars 2013) : 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.60.
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The landslide is a global geological disasters, causing casualties and huge economic losses. This paper, the Dalian Xinghai Zhong Long Yuan landslides treatment project, analysis of landslides generated by internal causes and predisposing factors, obtained a landslide failure mechanism, and the causes of slope cutting, improve cut flood drainage structures, prestressed anchor Mississauga solid technical measures. The construction process for top of the hill horizontal displacement, deep horizontal displacement and anchor bearing capacity monitoring results show that the landslide control program is correct and effective measures to achieve the desired effect, made landslides governance success to reference for landslide control work for the Dalian region and the coastal cities.
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Cui, Yulong, Jiale Jin, Qiangbing Huang, Kang Yuan et Chong Xu. « A Data-Driven Model for Spatial Shallow Landslide Probability of Occurrence Due to a Typhoon in Ningguo City, Anhui Province, China ». Forests 13, no 5 (8 mai 2022) : 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050732.
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From 9 to 11 August 2019, the southeast coastal areas of China were hit by Typhoon Lekima, which caused a large number of shallow landslides. The typhoon resulted in a maximum rainfall of 402 mm during 3 days in Ningguo City. In this study, satellite images were acquired before and after the rainfall and visual interpretation was used to identify 414 shallow landslides in Ningguo City, and a complete database of shallow landslides caused by the typhoon-induced rainfall in Ningguo City was created. Nine landslide-influencing factors were selected—elevation, slope, aspect, strata, distance to faults, distance to rivers, distance to roads, normalized vegetation difference index, and rainfall—and the relationships between the rainfall-induced landslide distribution and the influencing factors were analyzed. The Bayesian probability method was combined with a logistic regression model to establish a landslide probability map for the study area. The real probabilities of landslide occurrence in the study area under five different rainfall conditions were calculated, and probability maps of landslide occurrence were drawn. The results of this study provide a reference for disaster prevention and reduction of typhoon rainstorm landslides in the southeast coastal areas of China and a future basis for decision making by the Ningguo government departments before a typhoon rainstorm occurs.
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Akinci, Halil, Cem Kilicoglu et Sedat Dogan. « Random Forest-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Coastal Regions of Artvin, Turkey ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no 9 (15 septembre 2020) : 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090553.
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Natural disasters such as landslides often occur in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey owing to its geological, topographical, and climatic characteristics. Landslide events occur nearly every year in the Arhavi, Hopa, and Kemalpaşa districts located on the Black Sea coast in the Artvin province. In this study, the landslide susceptibility map of the Arhavi, Hopa, and Kemalpaşa districts was produced using the random forest (RF) model, which is widely used in the literature and yields more accurate results compared with other machine learning techniques. A total of 10 landslide-conditioning factors were considered for the susceptibility analysis, i.e., lithology, land cover, slope, aspect, elevation, curvature, topographic wetness index, and distances from faults, drainage networks, and roads. Furthermore, 70% of the landslides on the landslide inventory map were used for training, and the remaining 30% were used for validation. The RF-based model was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Evaluation results indicated that the success and prediction rates of the model were 98.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Moreover, it was determined that incorrect land-use decisions, such as transforming forest areas into tea and hazelnut cultivation areas, induce the occurrence of landslides.
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Watson, S. J., J. J. Mountjoy et G. J. Crutchley. « Tectonic and geomorphic controls on the distribution of submarine landslides across active and passive margins, eastern New Zealand ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications 500, no 1 (19 décembre 2019) : 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp500-2019-165.
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AbstractSubmarine landslides occur on continental margins globally and can have devastating consequences for marine habitats, offshore infrastructure and coastal communities due to potential tsunamigenesis. Therefore, understanding landslide magnitude and distribution is central to marine and coastal hazard planning.We present the first submarine landslide database for the eastern margin of New Zealand comprising >2200 landslides occurring in water depths from c. 300–4000 m. Landslides are more prevalent and, on average, larger on the active margin compared with the passive margin. We attribute higher concentrations of landslides on the active margin to tectonic processes including uplift and oversteepening, faulting and seamount subduction. Submarine landslide scars are concentrated around canyon systems and close to canyon thalwegs. This suggests that not only does mass wasting play a major role in canyon evolution, but also that canyon-forming processes may provide preconditioning factors for slope failure.Results of this study offer unique insights into the spatial distribution, magnitude and morphology of submarine landslides across different geological settings, providing a better understanding of the causative factors for mass wasting in New Zealand and around the world.
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Mazzanti, P., et F. Bozzano. « An equivalent fluid/equivalent medium approach for the numerical simulation of coastal landslides propagation : theory and case studies ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no 6 (25 novembre 2009) : 1941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1941-2009.
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Abstract. Coastal and subaqueous landslides can be very dangerous phenomena since they are characterised by the additional risk of induced tsunamis, unlike their completely-subaerial counterparts. Numerical modelling of landslides propagation is a key step in forecasting the consequences of landslides. In this paper, a novel approach named Equivalent Fluid/Equivalent Medium (EFEM) has been developed. It adapts common numerical models and software that were originally designed for subaerial landslides in order to simulate the propagation of combined subaerial-subaqueous and completely-subaqueous landslides. Drag and buoyancy forces, the loss of energy at the landslide-water impact and peculiar mechanisms like hydroplaning can be suitably simulated by this approach; furthermore, the change in properties of the landslide's mass, which is encountered at the transition from the subaerial to the submerged environment, can be taken into account. The approach has been tested by modelling two documented coastal landslides (a debris flow and a rock slide at Lake Albano) using the DAN-W code. The results, which were achieved from the back-analyses, demonstrate the efficacy of the approach to simulate the propagation of different types of coastal landslides.
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Guthrie, R. H. « Forestry and landslides : What's acceptable in BC ? » Forestry Chronicle 85, no 1 (1 janvier 2009) : 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85025-1.
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Landslides are unavoidably linked to forestry operations in coastal BC. A neglected component of landslide risk assessment is the degree to which impacts from landslides may be acceptable. One hundred and thirteen professionals in the BC forest industry, including foresters, biologists, geoscientists and engineers, examined landslide tolerability criteria. Despite differences by sector, there was general agreement that landslides resultant of ignoring expert advice or where an expert was clearly at fault were unacceptable, and penalties were high. In more ambiguous cases, increased consequences resulted in increased scrutiny and it was clear that experts should expect to be held responsible for their decisions by government officiators and the public. Key words: landslide, risk, risk perception, acceptable risk, landslides and forestry
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Lee, H. J. « Undersea landslides : extent and significance in the Pacific Ocean, an update ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no 6 (9 novembre 2005) : 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-877-2005.
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Abstract. Submarine landslides are known to occur disproportionately in a limited number of environments including fjords, deltas, canyons, volcanic islands and the open continental slope. An evaluation of the progress that has been made in understanding Pacific Ocean submarine landslides over the last 15years shows that mapping technologies have improved greatly, allowing a better interpretation of landslide features. Some features previously identified as landslides are being reinterpreted by some as sediment waves. Previously underappreciated environments for landslides such as deep-sea trenches are being recognized and lava deltas are being found to be landslide prone. Landslides are also being recognized much more commonly as a potential source of tsunamis. Landslides that have produced tsunamis in the past are being mapped and in some cases modeled. The flow characteristics of turbidity currents produced by landslides in canyon heads have recently been monitored and the source of these failures has been identified using repeated multibeam mapping. Finally, some landslide deposits are being dated as part of assessing risk to coastal cities from landslide-tsunamis.
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Lusy, Irma, Nani Suwarni, Dedy Miswar et M. Thoha B. S. Jaya. « Pemodelan Bencana Longsor Berbasis Spasial ». LaGeografia 19, no 1 (31 octobre 2020) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/lageografia.v19i1.13860.
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Tanggamus Regency as one of the regencies in Lampung Province is also one of the areas to landslides. Most areas of Tanggamus Regency have the potential for disasters, especially in coastal areas, rivers and hilly areas. This study aims to create a spatial landslide disaster model in Ulu Belu District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. The method used is overlay and scoring with a spatial approach. The results showed that the level of landslide hazard in Ulu Belu District was divided into three, namely landslide areas with 11,736 ha or 11%. While areas that are to landslides are 81.319 ha or 77%. Then the high landslide area is 11,907 ha or 12%, and the village that has the highest area for high landslide criteria is in Gunung Tiga Village with an area of 1,930 ha. While the village with the highest area for medium landslide levels is Petay Kayu Village with an area of medium landslide areas is 4,803 ha. As for the area which has the highest area for medium landslide criteria is Sinar Galih Village with an area of 292 ha
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Kafle, Jeevan, et Bhadra Man Tuladhar. « Landslide-water Interaction for Partially Submerged Landslide ». Journal of Nepal Mathematical Society 1, no 1 (11 février 2018) : 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnms.v1i1.42170.
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Tsunamis are long water waves triggered by impulsive geologic events. Tsunamis generated by landslides may be classified based on the initial position of the landslide as subaerial, partially submerged or submarine landslide generated tsunamis depending on the initial position of the landslide relative to the water depth. Here we present and discuss a simulation related to a partially submerged landslide in a quiescent reservoir by using the general two-phase mass flow model (Pudasaini, 2012) to observe the explicit evolution and propagation of surface tsunami waves, and solid waves as submarine mass movement. Tsunami waves are reflected as they impact the right coast and the lateral walls of the reservoir. The study of wave propagation, reflection and interaction as well as the submarine mass movement enhance our understanding on the tsunami-related phenomena and the turbidity current in water bodies and coastal areas.
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Leshchinsky, Ben, Michael J. Olsen, Curran Mohney, Kira Glover-Cutter, Geoff Crook, Jonathan Allan, Michael Bunn, Matthew O'Banion et Nicolas Mathews. « Mitigating coastal landslide damage ». Science 357, no 6355 (7 septembre 2017) : 981.2–982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1722.
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Esposito, Gianluca, Cristiano Carabella, Giorgio Paglia et Enrico Miccadei. « Relationships between Morphostructural/Geological Framework and Landslide Types : Historical Landslides in the Hilly Piedmont Area of Abruzzo Region (Central Italy) ». Land 10, no 3 (11 mars 2021) : 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030287.
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Landslides are a widespread natural phenomenon that play an important role in landscape evolution and are responsible for several casualties and damages. The Abruzzo Region (Central Italy) is largely affected by different types of landslides from mountainous to coastal areas. In particular, the hilly piedmont area is characterized by active geomorphological processes, mostly represented by slope instabilities related to mechanisms and factors that control their evolution in different physiographic and geological–structural conditions. This paper focuses on the detailed analysis of three selected case studies to highlight the multitemporal geomorphological evolution of landslide phenomena. An analysis of historical landslides was performed through an integrated approach combining literature data and landslide inventory analysis, relationships between landslide types and lithological units, detailed photogeological analysis, and geomorphological field mapping. This analysis highlights the role of morphostructural features on landslide occurrence and distribution and their interplay with the geomorphological evolution. This work gives a contribution to the location, abundance, activity, and frequency of landslides for the understanding of the spatial interrelationship of landslide types, morphostructural setting, and climate regime in the study area. Finally, it represents a scientific tool in geomorphological studies for landslide hazard assessment at different spatial scales, readily available to interested stakeholders to support sustainable territorial planning.
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Park, Sung-Jae, Chang-Wook Lee, Saro Lee et Moung-Jin Lee. « Landslide Susceptibility Mapping and Comparison Using Decision Tree Models : A Case Study of Jumunjin Area, Korea ». Remote Sensing 10, no 10 (25 septembre 2018) : 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101545.
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We assessed landslide susceptibility using Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID), exhaustive CHAID, and Quick, Unbiased, and Efficient Statistical Tree (QUEST) decision tree models in Jumunjin-eup, Gangneung-si, Korea. A total of 548 landslides were identified based on interpretation of aerial photographs. Half of the 548 landslides were selected for modeling, and the remaining half were used for verification. We used 20 landslide control factors that were classified into five categories, namely topographic elements, hydrological elements, soil maps, forest maps, and geological maps, to determine landslide susceptibility. The relationships of landslide occurrence with landslide-inducing factors were analyzed using CHAID, exhaustive CHAID, and QUEST models. The three models were then verified using the area under the curve (AUC) method. The results showed that the CHAID model (AUC = 87.1%) was more accurate than the exhaustive CHAID (AUC = 86.9%) and QUEST models (AUC = 82.8%). The verification results showed that the CHAID model had the highest accuracy. There was high susceptibility to landslides in mountainous areas and low susceptibility in coastal areas. Analyzing the characteristics of the landslide control factors in advance will enable us to obtain more accurate results.
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Somphong, Chatuphorn, Anawat Suppasri, Kwanchai Pakoksung, Tsuyoshi Nagasawa, Yuya Narita, Ryunosuke Tawatari, Shohei Iwai et al. « Submarine landslide source modeling using the 3D slope stability analysis method for the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi, tsunami ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no 3 (17 mars 2022) : 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-891-2022.
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Abstract. Studies have indicated that submarine landslides played an important role in the 2018 Sulawesi tsunami event, damaging the coast of Palu Bay in addition to the earthquake source. Most of these studies relied on observed coastal subaerial landslides to reproduce tsunamis but could still not fully explain the observational data. Recently, several numerical models included hypothesized submarine landslides that were taken into account to obtain a better explanation of the event. In this study, for the first time, submarine landslides were simulated by applying a numerical model based on Hovland's 3D slope stability analysis for cohesive–frictional soils. To specify landslide volume and location, the model assumed an elliptical slip surface on a vertical slope of 27 m of mesh-divided terrain and evaluated the minimum safety factor in each mesh area based on the surveyed soil property data extracted from the literature. The soil data were assumed as seabed conditions. The landslide output was then substituted into a two-layer numerical model based on a shallow-water equation to simulate tsunami propagation. The tsunamis induced by the submarine landslide that were modeled in this study were combined with the other tsunami components, i.e., coseismal deformation and tsunamis induced by previous literature's observed subaerial coastal collapse, and validated with various post-event field observational data, including tsunami run-up heights and flow depths around the bay, the inundation area around Palu city, waveforms recorded by the Pantoloan tide gauge, and video-inferred waveforms. The model generated several submarine landslides, with lengths of 0.2–2.0 km throughout Palu Bay. The results confirmed the existence of submarine landslide sources in the southern part of the bay and showed agreement with the observed tsunami data, including run-ups and flow depths. Furthermore, the simulated landslides also reproduced the video-inferred waveforms in three out of six locations. Although these calculated submarine landslides still cannot fully explain some of the observed tsunami data, they emphasize the possible submarine landslide locations in southern Palu Bay that should be studied and surveyed in the future.
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Clare, Michael, Jason Chaytor, Oliver Dabson, Davide Gamboa, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Harry Eady, James Hunt et al. « A consistent global approach for the morphometric characterization of subaqueous landslides ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications 477, no 1 (28 mars 2018) : 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp477.15.
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AbstractLandslides are common in aquatic settings worldwide, from lakes and coastal environments to the deep sea. Fast-moving, large-volume landslides can potentially trigger destructive tsunamis. Landslides damage and disrupt global communication links and other critical marine infrastructure. Landslide deposits act as foci for localized, but important, deep-seafloor biological communities. Under burial, landslide deposits play an important role in a successful petroleum system. While the broad importance of understanding subaqueous landslide processes is evident, a number of important scientific questions have yet to receive the needed attention. Collecting quantitative data is a critical step to addressing questions surrounding subaqueous landslides.Quantitative metrics of subaqueous landslides are routinely recorded, but which ones, and how they are defined, depends on the end-user focus. Differences in focus can inhibit communication of knowledge between communities, and complicate comparative analysis. This study outlines an approach specifically for consistent measurement of subaqueous landslide morphometrics to be used in the design of a broader, global open-source, peer-curated database. Examples from different settings illustrate how the approach can be applied, as well as the difficulties encountered when analysing different landslides and data types. Standardizing data collection for subaqueous landslides should result in more accurate geohazard predictions and resource estimation.
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Gonzalez-Ollauri, Alejandro, et Slobodan B. Mickovski. « A Simple GIS-Based Tool for the Detection of Landslide-Prone Zones on a Coastal Slope in Scotland ». Land 10, no 7 (28 juin 2021) : 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070685.
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Effective landslide detection is crucial to mitigate the negative impacts derived from the occurrence of these natural hazards. Research on landslide detection methods has been extensively undertaken. However, simplified methods for landslide detection requiring a minimum amount of data inputs are still lacking. Simple approaches for landslide detection should be particularly interesting for geographical areas with limited information or resources availability. The aim of this paper is to present a refined, simple, GIS-based tool for the detection of landslide-prone and slope restoration zones. The tool only requires a digital elevation model (DEM) dataset as input, it is interoperable at multiple spatial scales, and it can be implemented on any GIS platform. The tool was applied on a coastal slope prone to instability, located in Scotland, in order to verify the functionality of the tool. The results indicated that the proposed tool is able to detect both shallow and deeper landslides satisfactorily, suggesting that the spatial combination of steep and potentially wet soil zones is effective for detecting areas prone to slope failure.
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Sun, Bi Hong. « The Research on Causes of the Landslide from Typhoon in the Coastal Area of Wenzhou and its Protection Measures ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (octobre 2012) : 2365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2365.
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Due to its special coastal soil condition and climatic and hydrological conditions, Wenzhou is prone to have landslides and other geologic hazards. According to the investigation about the soil and climate condition in Wenzhou and combining with the result of the survey, we analyzed the slope stability and concluded the main reason for how typhoon causes landslide in the coastal area of Wenzhou. Ultimately, we studied the suitable measures in dealing with slope protection and made a conclusion.
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Masson, D. G., C. B. Harbitz, R. B. Wynn, G. Pedersen et F. Løvholt. « Submarine landslides : processes, triggers and hazard prediction ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no 1845 (27 juin 2006) : 2009–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1810.
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Huge landslides, mobilizing hundreds to thousands of km 3 of sediment and rock are ubiquitous in submarine settings ranging from the steepest volcanic island slopes to the gentlest muddy slopes of submarine deltas. Here, we summarize current knowledge of such landslides and the problems of assessing their hazard potential. The major hazards related to submarine landslides include destruction of seabed infrastructure, collapse of coastal areas into the sea and landslide-generated tsunamis. Most submarine slopes are inherently stable. Elevated pore pressures (leading to decreased frictional resistance to sliding) and specific weak layers within stratified sequences appear to be the key factors influencing landslide occurrence. Elevated pore pressures can result from normal depositional processes or from transient processes such as earthquake shaking; historical evidence suggests that the majority of large submarine landslides are triggered by earthquakes. Because of their tsunamigenic potential, ocean-island flank collapses and rockslides in fjords have been identified as the most dangerous of all landslide related hazards. Published models of ocean-island landslides mainly examine ‘worst-case scenarios’ that have a low probability of occurrence. Areas prone to submarine landsliding are relatively easy to identify, but we are still some way from being able to forecast individual events with precision. Monitoring of critical areas where landslides might be imminent and modelling landslide consequences so that appropriate mitigation strategies can be developed would appear to be areas where advances on current practice are possible.
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El Bchari, Fatima, Barbara Theilen-Willige et Halima Ait Malek. « Landslide hazard zonation assessment using GIS analysis at the coastal area of Safi (Morocco) ». Proceedings of the ICA 2 (10 juillet 2019) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-24-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landslide hazard is one of the major environmental hazards in the coastal area. For helping the planners in selection of suitable locations to implement development projects, a landslide hazard zonation map has been produced for the coastal area of Safi (Morocco) as part of coastal Meseta. For this purpose, after preparation of a landslide inventory of the study area, some major parameters were examined for integrated analysis of landslide hazard in the region. The analyses of parameters were done by geo-referencing and lateral model making, satellite imaging of the study area, and spatial analyses by using geographical information system (GIS). The produced factor maps were weighted with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and then classified. The study area was classified into four classes of relative landslide hazards: negligible, low, moderate, and high. The final produced map for landslide hazard zonation in coastal area revealed that: the parameters of slope, geologic formation and fracturation have strong correlation and predict 75% of existing instabilities.</p>
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Bramasta, Dhi, et Sriyanto Sriyanto. « Mitigasi Bencana untuk Daerah Rawan Longsor ». Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & ; Humanities 1 (14 juin 2021) : 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v1i.78.
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Natural disasters are natural occurrences that have an impact on the environment, which can be in the form of damage, causing casualties, loss of property, damage to infrastructure and life facilities and infrastructure. Avalancheor often called ground movement is an event geology that happens because of the movement of the masses rock or soil with various types and types such as falling rocks or large lumps of soil. In general, there are two factors that can cause landslides, namely driving factors and triggering factors. Driving factors are factors that influence the condition of the material itself, while trigger factors are factors that cause the movement of the material. However, the main cause is gravity which affects a steep slope, but there are other factors that trigger it. Indonesia is located on the three main plates of the world, namely the Pacific, Australian and Eurasian plates which cause Indonesia to experience frequent disasters. In addition, Indonesia is geomorphologically a country that has a complete land form. Starting from mountains, slopes, savanna, marine or coastal areas. Diverse topography and land use change will be one of the causes of landslides. Various topographical conditions and the many different land functions that occur in Indonesia are one of the factors causing landslides, so knowledge of landslide disaster mitigation in landslide-prone areas is absolutely necessary to realize disaster preparedness, namely to reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. This can be done in three stages, namely before a landslide disaster occurs, during a landslide disaster and after a landslide disaster occurs. Hence, knowledge of landslide disaster mitigation in landslide-prone areas is absolutely necessary to realize disaster preparedness, namely to reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. This can be done in three stages, namely before a landslide disaster occurs, during a landslide disaster and after a landslide disaster occurs. Hence, knowledge of landslide disaster mitigation in landslide-prone areas is absolutely necessary to realize disaster preparedness, namely to reduce losses and casualties due to disasters. This can be done in three stages, namely before a landslide disaster occurs, during a landslide disaster and after a landslide disaster occurs.
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Skilodimou, Hariklia, George Bathrellos, Efterpi Koskeridou, Konstantinos Soukis et Dimitrios Rozos. « Physical and Anthropogenic Factors Related to Landslide Activity in the Northern Peloponnese, Greece ». Land 7, no 3 (19 juillet 2018) : 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030085.
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The geological, geomorphic conditions of a mountainous environment along with precipitation and human activities influence landslide occurrences. In many cases, their relation to landslide events is not well defined. The scope of the present study is to identify the influence of physical and anthropogenic factors in landslide activity. The study area is a mountainous part of the northern Peloponnesus in southern Greece. The existing landslides, lithology, slope angle, rainfall, two types of road network (highway-provincial roads and rural roads) along with land use of the study area are taken into consideration. Each physical and anthropogenic factor is further divided into sub-categories. Statistical analysis of landslide frequency and density, as well as frequency and density ratios, are applied and combined with a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the collected data and determine the relationship between physical and anthropogenic factors and landslide activity. The results prove that Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments and flysch, relatively steep slopes (15°–30°) and a rise in the amount of rainfall increase landslide frequency and density. Additionally, Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments and flysch, as well as schist chert formations, moderate (5°–15°) and relatively steep slopes (15°–30°), along with the amount of rainfall of >700 mm are strongly associated with landslide occurrences. The frequency and magnitude of landslides increase in close proximity to roads. Their maximum values are observed within the 50 m buffer zone. This corresponds to a 100 m wide zone along with any type of road corridors, increasing landslide occurrences. In addition, a buffer zone of 75 m or 150 m wide zone along highway and provincial roads, as well as a buffer zone of 100 m or 200 m wide zones along rural roads, are strongly correlated with landslide events. The extensive cultivated land of the study area is strongly related to landslide activity. By contrast, urban areas are poorly related to landslides, because most of them are located in the northern coastal part of the study area where landslides are limited. The results provide information on physical and anthropogenic factors characterizing landslide events in the study area. The applied methodology rapidly estimates areas prone to landslides and it may be utilized for landslide hazard assessment mapping as well as for new and existing land use planning projects.
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Pedrosa-González, María Teresa, José Manuel González-Vida, Jesús Galindo-Záldivar, Sergio Ortega, Manuel Jesús Castro, David Casas et Gemma Ercilla. « Simulation of tsunami induced by a submarine landslide in a glaciomarine margin : the case of Storfjorden LS-1 (southwestern Svalbard Islands) ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no 12 (30 novembre 2022) : 3839–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3839-2022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. A modelling approach to understand the tsunamigenic potentiality of submarine landslides will provide new perspectives on tsunami hazard threat, mostly in polar margins where global climatic change and its related ocean warming may induce future landslides. Here, we use the L-ML-HySEA (Landslide Multilayer Hyperbolic Systems and Efficient Algorithms) numerical model, including wave dispersion, to provide new insights into factors controlling the tsunami characteristics triggered by the Storfjorden LS-1 landslide (southwestern Svalbard). Tsunami waves, determined mainly by the sliding mechanism and the bathymetry, consist of two initial wave dipoles, with troughs to the northeast (Spitsbergen and towards the continent) and crests to the south (seawards) and southwest (Bear Island), reaching more than 3 m of amplitude above the landslide and finally merging into a single wave dipole. The tsunami wave propagation and its coastal impact are governed by the Storfjorden and Kveithola glacial troughs and by the bordering Spitsbergen Bank, which shape the continental shelf. This local bathymetry controls the direction of propagation with a crescent shape front, in plan view, and is responsible for shoaling effects of amplitude values (4.2 m in trough to 4.3 m in crest), amplification (3.7 m in trough to 4 m in crest) and diffraction of the tsunami waves, as well as influencing their coastal impact times.
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Di Napoli, Mariano, Diego Di Martire, Giuseppe Bausilio, Domenico Calcaterra, Pierluigi Confuorto, Marco Firpo, Giacomo Pepe et Andrea Cevasco. « Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslide Detachment, Transit and Runout Susceptibility Mapping by Integrating Machine Learning Techniques and GIS-Based Approaches ». Water 13, no 4 (13 février 2021) : 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040488.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rainfall-induced shallow landslides represent a serious threat in hilly and mountain areas around the world. The mountainous landscape of the Cinque Terre (eastern Liguria, Italy) is increasingly popular for both Italian and foreign tourists, most of which visit this outstanding terraced coastal landscape to enjoy a beach holiday and to practice hiking. However, this area is characterized by a high level of landslide hazard due to intense rainfalls that periodically affect its rugged and steep territory. One of the most severe events occurred on 25 October 2011, causing several fatalities and damage for millions of euros. To adequately address the issues related to shallow landslide risk, it is essential to develop landslide susceptibility models as reliable as possible. Regrettably, most of the current land-use and urban planning approaches only consider the susceptibility to landslide detachment, neglecting transit and runout processes. In this study, the adoption of a combined approach allowed to estimate shallow landslide susceptibility to both detachment and potential runout. At first, landslide triggering susceptibility was assessed using Machine Learning techniques and applying the Ensemble approach. Nine predisposing factors were chosen, while a database of about 300 rainfall-induced shallow landslides was used as input. Then, a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based procedure was applied to estimate the potential landslide runout using the “reach angle” method. Information from such analyses was combined to obtain a susceptibility map describing detachment, transit, and runout. The obtained susceptibility map will be helpful for land planning, as well as for decision makers and stakeholders, to predict areas where rainfall-induced shallow landslides are likely to occur in the future and to identify areas where hazard mitigation measures are needed.
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Zhang, Xingchen, Lixia Chen et Chao Zhou. « Deformation Monitoring and Trend Analysis of Reservoir Bank Landslides by Combining Time-Series InSAR and Hurst Index ». Remote Sensing 15, no 3 (20 janvier 2023) : 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030619.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Landslides along the Three Gorges Reservoir in China pose a threat to coastal residents and waterway safety. To reduce false positive misjudgments caused by a sudden local change in the landslide deformation curve, in this paper, we propose an effective method for predicting the deformation trend of reservoir bank landslides. We take reservoir bank landslides in the Wanzhou District of the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research object. The Time-Series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) method and 62 Sentinel-1A images from 2018 to 2022 were selected for landslide deformation monitoring, and the Hurst index was calculated to characterize the deformation trend. Furthermore, we propose a method for predicting the deformation trend based on the statistical distribution of deformation rates and the physical significance of the Hurst index. After the field survey and Global Positioning System (GPS) verification, the Time-Series InSAR results are shown to be reliable. We take the Sifangbei landslide as a representative case to analyze the validation results. It is found that the determined Sifangbei landslide deformation trend is consistent with the conclusions for the region. In addition, the deformation trend of a reservoir bank slope has obvious spatial and temporal differences. Changes in the reservoir water level and concentrated rainfall play roles similar to those of catalysts. The proposed method, involving the combination of Time-Series InSAR and the Hurst index, can effectively monitor deformation and predict the stability trend of reservoir bank landslides. The presented research results provide new ideas and solutions for landslide prevention and risk mitigation in reservoir areas.
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Diep, N. T. H., N. T. Loi et N. T. Can. « MONITORING EROSION AND ACCRETION SITUATION IN THE COASTAL ZONE AT KIEN GIANG PROVINCE ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (6 mars 2018) : 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-197-2018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Kien Giang is one of the coastal provinces in the Mekong Delta which is facing the problem of coastal erosion to affect people’s life in the coastal area. This project aims to monitor shoreline and to assess landslide and accretion situation in the period from 1975 to 2015 in the coastal area of Kien Giang province. The study applied Normalized Difference Water Index (MNWI) method and water level extraction using LANDSAT imagery from 1975 to 2015 for highlight the shoreline. Thus, analysis was identified erosion and accretion areas based on shoreline changes and land use influenced by landslides and deposition. The results show to create shoreline changes from 1997 to 2015 in the coastal area of Kien Giang province. A landslide occurred in the west from Nguyen Viet Khai commune to Thuan Hoa commune and Nam Yen commune to Vinh Hoa Hiep commune, Rach Gia city, Kien Giang province. An accretion situation was determined in the areas from Thuan Hoa commune, An Minh district to Nam Thai commune, An Bien district, Kien Giang province, Rach Gia sea encroachment at Rach Gia town and Ha Tien encroachment area at Ha Tien town, Kien Giang province. In general, the coastal area of Kien Giang province has a predominant tendency of accretion, however, the occurrence of erosion and accretion are happened interlacing in the coastal area at Kien Giang province.</p>
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Khavansky, Alexander, Vladimir Latun, Oleg Khoroshev, Yuliya Merinova et Ludmila Nedoseka. « Risk assessment of hazardous abrasion and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea ». E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020) : 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017506008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The methodology was developed and the socio-economic risk of the manifestation of abrasion and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea was evaluated. The methodology includes assessing the degree of danger of coastal processes and determining possible material losses. The numerical index of socio-economic risk is calculated as the product of point estimates of these parameters. The main factors of dangerous coastal processes formation have been established, according to their similar combination in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea, 42 functional areas and the impact zone of hazardous abrasion and landslide processes predicted for a 20-year period have been identified. In the forecast zone, 112 socio-economic objects were identified that are subject to the influence of dangerous abrasion and landslide processes. For these socio-economic objects, using the standard set of tools of the public GIS service “Cadastral map of Rosreestr”, an enlarged calculation of possible economic damage has been made. The highest values of the socio-economic risk of the manifestation of abrasion and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea fall on abrasion and abrasion-landslide sections of the coast with a high rate of abrasion, a large number of capital construction projects and a high value of material losses.
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Guthrie, R. H., et S. G. Evans. « Magnitude and frequency of landslides triggered by a storm event, Loughborough Inlet, British Columbia ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no 3 (4 août 2004) : 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-475-2004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. One hundred and one landslides were documented across 370km2 following a rainstorm that swept the British Columbia coastline on 18 November 2001. Despite the regional nature of the storm, the landslides were spaced close together, even within the study area. Landslide clustering is attributed to high intensity storm cells too small to be recorded by the general hydrometric network. The evidence nicely corroborates previous historical studies that reached similar conclusions, but against which there was no modern analog analyzed for coastal British Columbia. Magnitude-cumulative frequency data plotted well on a power law curve for landslides greater than 10000m2, however, below that size several curves would fit. The rollover effect, a point where the data is no longer represented by the power law, therefore occurs at about 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than the smallest landslide. Additional work on Vancouver Island has provided evidence for rollovers at similar values. We propose that the rollover is a manifestation of the physical conditions of landslide occurrence and process uniformity. The data was fit to a double Pareto distribution and P-P plots were generated for several data sets to examine the fit of that model. The double Pareto model describes the bulk of the data well, however, less well at the tails. For small landslides (<650m2) this may still be a product of censoring. Landscape denudation from the storm was averaged over the study area and equal to 2mm of erosion. This is more than an order of magnitude larger than the annual rate of denudation reported by other authors for coastal British Columbia, but substantially less than New Zealand. The number is somewhat affected by the rather arbitrary choice of a study area boundary.
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Iorio, Verdiana, Giorgio Bellotti, Claudia Cecioni et Stephan Grilli. « A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE EFFICIENT SIMULATION OF MULTIPLE LANDSLIDE-TSUNAMI SCENARIOS ». Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no 36v (28 décembre 2020) : 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.20.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Submarine landslides can pose serious tsunami hazard to coastal communities, occurring frequently near the coast itself. The properties of the tsunami and the consequent inundation depend on many factors, such as the geometry, the rheology and the kinematic of the landslide and the local bathymetry. However, when evaluating the risk related to landslide tsunamis, it is very difficult to accurately predict all of the above mentioned parameters. It is therefore useful to carry out many simulations of tsunami generation and propagation, with reference to different landslide scenarios, in order to deal with such uncertainties (see for example the probabilistic approach by Grilli et al. 2009). Accurate computations of landslide tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, however, is computationally expensive, thus limiting the possible maximum number of scenarios. To partially overcome this difficulty, in the present research, a numerical model is proposed that can efficiently compute a large number of tsunami simulations triggered by different landslides. The main goal is to provide a numerical tool that can be used in a Monte Carlo approach framework. Following the study by Ward (2001), we propose a methodology taking advantage of the linear superposition of elementary tsunami solutions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/uYOvdsutmBw
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O’Connor, William, Gosia Mider, James A. Lawrence, Stewart Agar, Philippa J. Mason, Richard Ghail et Jennifer Scoular. « An Investigation into Ground Movement on the Ventnor Landslide Complex, UK Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ». Remote Sensing 13, no 18 (16 septembre 2021) : 3711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183711.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Analysis of ground movement rates along the coastline and upper sections of the Ventnor landslide complex was carried out utilizing Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar methods using Sentinel-1 SAR data from 2015 to 2019 (four years). Results were compared with rainfall data, historical ground investigation records and monitoring surveys carried out at Ventnor to relate observations to geology, geomorphology and rainfall. Decomposition of InSAR viewing geometries to vertical and horizontal aligned well with previous ground-based studies. Subsidence of −9.8 mm a−1 at the Lowtherville Graben and heave of +8.5 mm a−1 along the coastline south of Ventnor Park were observed. Decomposition to east-west geometry results showed an eastward displacement of approximately 12.4 mm a−1 along the coastline south of Ventnor Park, and a westward displacement of −3.7 mm a−1 throughout built up sections of Ventnor town, indicating the landslide was displacing more in an eastern direction than vertically. The cause of this movement was investigated by using publicly available intrusive boreholes paired with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry, and a new ground model spanning east-west parallel to the coastline was presented. No evidence of significant ground movement was observed along heavily protected sections of the coastline, suggesting coastal defences comprised of concrete aprons and rip rap appear to be an effective coastal management/landslide stabilisation tool when compared to rip rap alone. The mechanism of this increased stability is likely due to the combination of toe weighting and reduced toe erosion. A lag of approximately 13–20 days was observed between high rainfall events and subsequent peaks in ground displacement, which was shorter than a 29 day lag observed in a previous study. Similar observations of prolonged rainfall resulting in prolonged displacements were also observed. The study demonstrates the capabilities of the PSI methodology in identifying the same ground movements that conventional methods provide. By providing detailed analysis of ground deformation of the Ventnor landslide, we demonstrate small ground movements, validated with existing ground movement surveys. Similar methodology can be applied to coastal landslides in urban environments worldwide, providing a relatively cheap and rapid resource for coastal landslide monitoring.
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Bishop, Kim M. « Landslide Interpretation of the Northeast Flank of Kohala Volcano, Hawaii ». Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 24, no 2 (23 mai 2018) : 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-1961.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The Hawaiian Island volcanic edifices have shed at least 15 giant submarine landslides, each classified as either a slump or debris avalanche. Controversy exists regarding the number, size, and type of landslides on the northeast flank of Kohala Volcano. This study provides a new interpretation for the Kohala flank based on contour and balanced cross-section analysis. Specifically, contours indicate that there is a landslide extending from the summit to the coast between Pololu and Waipio Valleys. The contour evidence also shows that the slide plane is planar and dips less steeply than the topographic slope. Balanced cross sections show the slide plane to be approximately 950 m deep immediately downhill from the zone of depletion, and the slide plane presumably reaches the surface at the base of the coastal cliffs on the northeast coast of Kohala mountain. The lower part of the landslide once extended from the coast to approximately 10 km offshore, but this portion now has been completely removed, apparently as a debris avalanche. Removal of this distal landslide mass created a 200 to 450 m headwall that is now topographically represented by sea cliffs. This newly identified slide/debris avalanche is informally named the “Kohala landslide.” Based on cross-cutting relations of landslide faults with Hawi series lava flows, the upper slide part of the landslide moved sometime between 270 and 60 ka. The age of the lower, debris avalanche part is even less certain and depends on whether canyons cut in the seafloor after the avalanche movement were eroded in the subaerial or submarine environment.
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Guthrie, R. H., et J. K. Brown. « Denudation and landslides in coastal mountain watersheds : 10,000 years of erosion ». Geographica Helvetica 63, no 1 (31 mars 2008) : 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-63-26-2008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. A conceptual model of landslide-induced denudation for coastal mountain watersheds spanning 10,000 years of environmental change is presented. The model uses a constructed paleo-climate based on vegetation records and an established relationship between landslide frequencies and precipitation. Landslide frequencies are determined for the early warm dry Holocene, the warm wet middle Holocene and modern climates. Average landslide rates vary between 0.005 landslides·y-1·km-2 and 0.008 landslides·y-1·km-2. Recent human impacts are calculated by recalculating landslide frequencies for logged areas in the 20th century. The impact of logging during the last 100 years is unambiguous as landslide frequency increased to 0.015 landslides·y-1·km-2. This suggests that the impact of logging outpaces that of climatic change. It is estimated that debris slides and flows eroded an average of 0.7 m·m-2 across Vancouver Island during the last 10,000 years.
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Khаvanskiy, A. D., V. V. Latun, O. A. Khoroshev et Yu Yu Merinova. « ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF HAZARDOUS ABRASION AND LANDSLIDE PROCESSES IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE AZOV SEA ». Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no 5 (2020) : 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-196-201.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main factors of the formation of hazardous coastal processes have been established, 38 functional areas and a zone of impact of hazardous abrasion and landslide processes predicted for a 20-year period have been identified in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea by their uniform combination in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea. In the forecasted area, 112 socio-economic objects have been identified that are exposed to hazardous abrasion and landslide processes. A methodology has been developed and the socio-economic risk of manifestation of abrasion and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea has been assessed. The highest values of the socio-economic risk of abrasion and landslide processes occur in abrasion and abrasion-landslide areas of the coast with a high speed abrasion, a large number of capital construction projects and a high value of material losses. For socio-economic objects in the risk zone, an enlarged calculation of the possible economic damage was made. The value of the predicted (in the future for 20 years) total economic damage from the consequences of the manifestation of abrasion and landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Azov Sea will amount to 756,7 million rubles, of which 114,4 million rubles will fall on the northern coast of the Taganrog Bay, 156,8 million rubles – to the southern coast of the Taganrog Bay and 485,6 million rubles – to the southeast coast of the Azov Sea. The most dangerous areas of abrasion and landslide processes for capital construction sites are: on the northern shore of the Taganrog Bay – Botsmanovsky, with damage to capital structures – more than 50 million rubles, Zolotokosovsky – more than 16 million rubles; Kuchugurskiy – more than 17 million rubles – on the southeast coast of the Azov Sea.
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LOMAKIN, I. E., Ye A. SARVIROV et V. V. KOCHELAB. « Tectonic factors of landslide formation in the North-Western Black Sea coastal zone ». Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean 18, no 4 (2022) : 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2022.04.029.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Landslides in the North-Western Black Sea coastal zone (NWBSCZ) are a very common natural phenomenon. The analysis of large volumes of original field and compilative geological material shows the determining influence of tectonic factors on the formation of geoecological characteristics of the southern regions of the NWBSCZ. In 2014—2022, a study of the materials of aerospace observations — SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) radar topography was performed with statistical data processing in a GIS environment in combination with the results of ground route studies. Descriptions and photos of landslides are given, as well as information on determining the patterns of the spatial location of active landslide zones, the causes and factors of their occurrence, the nature of development and the consequences of landslide activity. On the basis of the tectonolineament analysis, experience was gained in determining the differences in the dynamics of the development of individual active tectonic blocks of the southern part of the NWBSCZ and the scale of their possible perspective influence on the formation of the general modern geological and ecological situation. The result of such work was the materials for the development of recommendations for taking into account the natural geodynamic characteristics of the specific areas under investigation, for the solution of urgent economic issues of planning rational and safe nature management.
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Pellinen, Vadim A., Tatiana Yu Cherkashina, Natalia N. Ukhova et Anastasia V. Komarova. « Role of Gravitational Processes in the Migration of Heavy Metals in Soils of the Priolkhonye Mountain-Steppe Landscapes, Lake Baikal : Methodology of Research ». Agronomy 11, no 10 (3 octobre 2021) : 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study object of this work is the soils of the Priolkhonye mountain-steppe landscapes. This research is performed at the Priolkhonye test site. Annual monitoring for exogenous geological process activity is conducted there. This research aims to study the influence of gravitational geological processes (landslides) on the migration of heavy metals, which are introduced into soil as a result of human agricultural activity. A methodology for the geoecological monitoring of soils based on an assessment of their contamination level by anthropogenic heavy metals, and a transfer mechanism throughout whole migration path (field–landslide–coast) is proposed. The following steps were taken to solve this problem: isolating a fine-grained fraction (<100 μm); determining the Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu concentrations using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopies, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry; computing various geochemical indices; and describing the migration path of these heavy metals and TOC. The monitoring results showed that these pollutants migrate to the coastal zone as a result of landslides activation. The soil contamination level is increased which can cause negative toxic effects in coastal ecosystems, and could rise to a dangerous level for humans. Thus, the observed changes in the indices and TOC values allow us to assess the geoecological state of the study area; namely, the periods of landslide activity and the supply of these pollutants to the coastal zone.
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Normandeau, Alexandre, D. Calvin Campbell, David J. W. Piper et Kimberley A. Jenner. « Are submarine landslides an underestimated hazard on the western North Atlantic passive margin ? » Geology 47, no 9 (10 juillet 2019) : 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46201.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe western North Atlantic passive margin is considered relatively stable, with few slope instabilities recognized during the Holocene. However, new multibeam bathymetry mapping and sediment core acquisition off eastern Canada indicate that previously unidentified, large, submarine landslide events occurred during the Late Holocene, between 4 and 1.5 ka. The recognition of these new gravitational events, in addition to the well-known C.E. 1929 Grand Banks earthquake-induced landslide, indicates that approximately one large landslide event per 1000 years has occurred offshore eastern Canada within the past 4000 years, a much shorter recurrence interval than hitherto reported. This Late Holocene recurrence rate is also similar to active margins around the world and is likely due to the under-consolidation and resultant instability of Scotian Slope sediments attributable to high glacial sedimentation rates. The discovery of these new Late Holocene landslides was made possible through detailed examination of cores recovered from the lower slope. These results demonstrate that submarine landslide hazard has been underestimated on the western North Atlantic margin—home to significant submarine infrastructure and proximal to a large coastal population.
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Troiani, Francesco, Salvatore Martino, Gian Marco Marmoni, Marco Menichetti, Davide Torre, Giulia Iacobucci et Daniela Piacentini. « Integrated Field Surveying and Land Surface Quantitative Analysis to Assess Landslide Proneness in the Conero Promontory Rocky Coast (Italy) ». Applied Sciences 10, no 14 (13 juillet 2020) : 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144793.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rock slopes involved in extensive landslide processes are often characterized by complex morphodynamics acting at different scales of space and time, responsible for different evolutionary scenarios. Mass Rock Creep (MRC) is a critical process for long-term geomorphological evolution of slopes and can likewise characterize actively retreating coastal cliffs where, in addition, landslides of different typologies and size superimpose in space and time to marine processes. The rocky coast at the Conero promontory (central Adriatic Sea, Italy) offers a rare opportunity for better understanding the predisposing role of the morphostructural setting on coastal slope instability on a long-time scale. In fact, the area presents several landslides of different typologies and size and state of activity, together with a wide set of landforms and structural features effective for better comprehending the evolution mechanisms of slope instability processes. Different investigation methods were implemented; in particular, traditional geomorphological and structural field surveys were combined with land surface quantitative analysis based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with ground-resolution of 2 m. The results obtained demonstrate that MRC involves the entire coastal slope, which can be zoned in two distinct sectors as a function of a different morphostructural setting responsible for highly differentiated landslide processes. Therefore, at the long-time scale, two different morphodynamic styles can be depicted along the coastal slopes that correspond to specific evolutionary scenarios. The first scenario is characterized by MRC-driven, time-dependent slope processes involving the entire slope, whereas the second one includes force-driven slope processes acting at smaller space–time scales. The Conero promontory case study highlights that the relationships between slope shape and structural setting of the deforming areas are crucial for reaching critical volumes to induce generalized slope collapse as the final stage of the MRC process. The results from this study stress the importance of understanding the role of morphostructures as predisposing conditions for generalized slope failures along rocky coasts involved in MRC. The findings discussed here suggest the importance of the assessment of the slope instability at the long time scale for a better comprehension of the present-day slope dynamics and its major implications for landslide monitoring strategies and the hazard mitigation strategies.
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Lim, Chul-Hee, et Hyun-Jun Kim. « Can Forest-Related Adaptive Capacity Reduce Landslide Risk Attributable to Climate Change?—Case of Republic of Korea ». Forests 13, no 1 (2 janvier 2022) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010049.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent cases of climate disasters such as the European floods in 2021 and Korea’s longest rainy season in 2020 strongly imply the importance of adaptation to climate change. In this study, we performed a numerical prediction on how much climate change adaptation factors related to forest policy can reduce climate disasters such as landslides. We focused on the landslide in Korea and applied a machine learning model reflecting adaptive indicators in the representative concentration pathway 8.5 climate scenario. The changes in the landslide probability were estimated using the Random Forest model, which estimated the landslide probability in the baseline period (2011) with excellent performance, and the spatial adaptation indicators used in this study contributed approximately 20%. The future landslide risk predicting indicated a significant increase in the Very High and High risk areas, especially in 2092. The application of the forest-related adaptation indices based on the policy scenario showed that in 2050, the effect was not pronounced, but in 2092, when the risk of landslides was much higher, the effect increased significantly. In particular, the effect was remarkable in the Seoul metropolitan and southern coastal regions. Even with the same adaptive capacity, it exerted a larger effect on the enhanced disasters. Our results suggest that the enhancement of adaptive capacity can reduce landslide risk up to 70% in a Very High risk region. In conclusion, it implies an importance to respond to the intensifying climate disasters, and abundant follow-up studies are expected to appear in the future.
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Lee, E., I. Meadowcroft, J. Hall et M. Walkden. « Coastal landslide activity : a probabilistic simulation model ». Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 61, no 4 (1 novembre 2002) : 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-001-0146-x.
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Grainger, P., et P. G. Kalaugher. « Intermittent surging movements of a coastal landslide ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 12, no 6 (novembre 1987) : 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290120603.
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Senouci, Rachida, Nasr-Eddine Taibi, Ana Cláudia Teodoro, Lia Duarte, Hamidi Mansour et Rabia Yahia Meddah. « GIS-Based Expert Knowledge for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (LSM) : Case of Mostaganem Coast District, West of Algeria ». Sustainability 13, no 2 (11 janvier 2021) : 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020630.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Landslides are one of the natural disasters that affect socioeconomic wellbeing. Accordingly, this work aimed to realize a landslide susceptibility map in the coastal district of Mostaganem (Western Algeria). For this purpose, we applied a knowledge-driven approach and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. We combined landslide-controlling parameters, such as lithology, slope, aspect, land use, curvature plan, rainfall, and distance to stream and to fault, using two GIS tools: the Raster calculator and the Weighted Overlay Method (WOM). Locations with elevated landslide susceptibility were close the urban nucleus and to a national road (RN11); in both sites, we registered the presence of strong water streams. The quality of the modeled maps has been verified using the ground truth landslide map and the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). The study results confirmed the excellent reliability of the produced maps. In this regard, validation based on the ROC indicates an accuracy of 0.686 for the map produced using a knowledge-driven approach. The map produced using the AHP combined with the WOM showed high accuracy (0.753).
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Lynett, Patrick J., et Arturo Jimenez Martinez. « A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH FOR THE WAVES GENERATED BY A SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE ». Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no 33 (21 décembre 2012) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.15.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A numerical study aimed at probabilistically assessing the coastal hazard posed by tsunamis induced by one-dimensional submarine rigid landslides that experience translational failure is presented. The numerical model here utilized is the finite difference recreation of a linear, fully dispersive mild-slope equation model for wave generation and propagation. This recreated model has the capability to simulate submarine landslides that detach into multiple rigid pieces as failure occurs. An ad-hoc formulation describing the combined space-time coherency of the landslide is presented. Monte Carlo simulations are employed, with an emphasis on the shoreward-traveling waves, to construct probability of exceedance curves for the maximum dimensionless wave height from which wave statistics can be extracted. As inputs to the model, eight dimensionless parameters are specified both deterministically in the form of parameter spaces and probabilistically with normal distributions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, the results of this study indicate that submarine landslides with large width to thickness ratios and coherent failure behavior are most effective in generating tsunamis. Failures modes involving numerous slide pieces that fail in a very compact fashion, however, were observed to induce bigger waves than more coherent landslides. Rapid weakening in tsunami generation potential for some of the parameter combinations suggests that the hazard posed by submarine landslide tsunamis is strongly dependent on source features and local conditions and is only of concern for landslides of substantial dimensions.
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Alberti, S., M. J. Olsen, J. Allan et B. Leshchinsky. « Feedback thresholds between coastal retreat and landslide activity ». Engineering Geology 301 (mai 2022) : 106620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106620.
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Komar, Paul D. « Wave erosion of a massive artificial coastal landslide ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23, no 5 (mai 1998) : 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199805)23:5<415 ::aid-esp855>3.0.co;2-t.
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Haridhi, Haekal A., Bor Shouh Huang, Kuo Liang Wen, Arif Mirza, Syamsul Rizal, Syahrul Purnawan, Ilham Fajri et al. « Tsunami scenario triggered by a submarine landslide offshore of northern Sumatra Island and its hazard assessment ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no 2 (6 février 2023) : 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Near the northern border of Sumatra, the right-lateral strike–slip Sumatran fault zone splits into two branches and extends into the offshore, as revealed by seismic sounding surveys. However, due to its strike–slip faulting characteristics, the Sumatran fault zone's activity is rarely believed to cause tsunami hazards in this region. According to two reprocessed reflection seismic profiles, the extended Sumatran fault zone is strongly associated with chaotic facies, indicating that large submarine landslides have been triggered. Coastal steep slopes and new subsurface characteristics of submarine landslide deposits were mapped using recently acquired high-resolution shallow bathymetry data. Slope stability analysis revealed some targets with steep morphology to be close to failure. In an extreme hypothetical case, an earthquake of Mw 7 or more occurred, and the strong ground shaking triggered a submarine landslide off the northern shore of Sumatra. Based on a simulation of tsunami wave propagation in shallow water, the results of this study indicate that a potential tsunami hazard from several submarine landslide sources triggered by the strike–slip fault system can generate a tsunami as high as 4–8 m at several locations along the northern coast of Aceh. The landslide tsunami hazard assessment and early warning systems in this study area can be improved on the basis of this proposed scenario.
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Salamov, A. M., V. A. Mammadov, H. Kh Khalilova, A. G. Zamanova et E. E. Gasimov. « Research into landslide processes in the coastal zone of the Takhtakorpureservoir using vertical electrical sounding method (the southeastern slope of the Great Caucasus) ». Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 43, no 6 (7 février 2022) : 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i6.251563.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Landslide-prone areas on the coastal zone of the downstream of the Takhtakorpu reservoir located on the arid-hilly part of the southeastern slope of the Great Caucasus mountain system (Azerbaijan) were investigated using vertical electrical sounding (VES) method. The entire research area is geologically active. It is complicated by seismicity (with an intensity of 8—9 points on the MSK-64 scale), vertical (uplift of the Earth’s crust about +6 mm/year) and horizontal (4 ± 1 mm/year, generally north-north-east) movements, landslides (in more than 5 centers) as well as the Gaynarja mud volcano, in the form of hill ≥100 m in diameter with griffins. Tectonically, the mud volcano is timed to the consolidated part of the anticline of the same name, which currently is located in the right-bank zone, closer to the water of the Takhtakorpu reservoir. Therefore, the erupted products of the mud volcano come into contact with the aquatic environment. The geological structure of the territory is dominated by rocks of the Pliocene Productive Stratum (N2). With respect to lithology, they consist of clays and argillaceous rocks. Groundwater occurs sporadically, with a total salinity of 7 g/l and a filtration coefficient of 4 m/day. Geological sections of the area were studied to a depth of 40 m, the thickness and composition of individual layers of rocks were described. 3D models of the study area were developed completely in an arbitrary cut and also along the X, Y and Z axes. It was revealed that the layers composing the geological section of the region are subject to the impact of plicative dislocations due to the geodynamic processes. It is assumed that landslides in the study area are mainly formed at the contact of eluvial-deluvial deposits with bedrocks. One of the main reasons for the formation of landslide phenomena, apparently, is also associated with the steepness of the slopes and their constituent rocks, which absorbing atmospheric precipitation become waterlogged. The depths of the assumed slip planes in individual landslide blocks were revealed and the thickness and direction of the landslide body were determined.
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LaHusen, S. R., A. R. Duvall, A. M. Booth, A. Grant, B. A. Mishkin, D. R. Montgomery, W. Struble, J. J. Roering et J. Wartman. « Rainfall triggers more deep-seated landslides than Cascadia earthquakes in the Oregon Coast Range, USA ». Science Advances 6, no 38 (septembre 2020) : eaba6790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba6790.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The coastal Pacific Northwest USA hosts thousands of deep-seated landslides. Historic landslides have primarily been triggered by rainfall, but the region is also prone to large earthquakes on the 1100-km-long Cascadia Subduction Zone megathrust. Little is known about the number of landslides triggered by these earthquakes because the last magnitude 9 rupture occurred in 1700 CE. Here, we map 9938 deep-seated bedrock landslides in the Oregon Coast Range and use surface roughness dating to estimate that past earthquakes triggered fewer than half of the landslides in the past 1000 years. We find landslide frequency increases with mean annual precipitation but not with modeled peak ground acceleration or proximity to the megathrust. Our results agree with findings about other recent subduction zone earthquakes where relatively few deep-seated landslides were mapped and suggest that despite proximity to the megathrust, most deep-seated landslides in the Oregon Coast Range were triggered by rainfall.
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Casalbore, Daniele, Alessandro Bosman, David Casas, Francesco Chiocci, Eleonora Martorelli et Domenico Ridente. « Morphological Variability of Submarine Mass Movements in the Tectonically–Controlled Calabro–Tyrrhenian Continental Margin (Southern Italy) ». Geosciences 9, no 1 (15 janvier 2019) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010043.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The analysis of high resolution morpho–bathymetric data on the Calabro Tyrrhenian continental margin (Southern Italy) enabled us to identify several morphological features originated by mass–wasting processes, including shallow gullies, shelf–indenting canyons and landslides. Specifically, we focus our attention on submarine landslides occurring from the coast down to −1700 m and affecting variable areas from thousands of square meters up to few tens of square kilometers. These landslides also show a large variability of geomorphic features which seems strictly related to the physiographic/morphological domains where the landslide formed. Tectonically–controlled scarps and canyon flanks are typically characterized by several coalescent and nested landslides, with diameters ranging from hundreds to a few thousands of meters. Canyon headwalls are commonly characterized by a cauliflower shape due to an array of small (diameters of tens of meters) and coalescent scars. In all these sectors, disintegrative–like landslides dominate and are generally characterized by a marked retrogressive evolution, as demonstrated by their morphology and comparison of repeated bathymetric surveys at the canyon headwall. Only in the lower part of tectonically–controlled scarps, a few cohesive–like and isolated landslides are present, indicating the main role of slope gradients and height drop in controlling the post–failure behavior of the mobilized material. Open slopes are generally characterized by large–scale (diameters of thousands of meters) and isolated scars, with associated landslide deposits. A peculiar case is represented by the Capo Vaticano Scar Complex that affected an area of about 18 km2 and is characterized by an impressive variability of landslide morphologies, varying also at short distance. The large extent and variability of such scar complex are thought to be associated with the occurrence of a mixed contouritic–turbidite system. By integrating the high–resolution morpho–bathymetric dataset with the results of previous studies, we discuss the main factors controlling the variability in size and morphology of submarine landslides developed in a tectonically–controlled setting and provide preliminary considerations on their potential geohazard in a densely populated coastal area.
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Chunga, Kervin, Franz A. Livio, Carlos Martillo, Hernán Lara-Saavedra, Maria Francesca Ferrario, Ivan Zevallos et Alessandro Maria Michetti. « Landslides Triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales, Ecuador Earthquake : Correlations with ESI-07 Intensity, Lithology, Slope and PGA-h ». Geosciences 9, no 9 (26 août 2019) : 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9090371.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We provide a dataset of the landslides induced by the 2016 Pedernales megathrust earthquake, Ecuador (Mw 7.8, focal depth of 20 km) and compare their spatial distribution with mapped bedrock lithology, horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA-h) and the macroseismic intensity based on earthquake-induced environmental effects (ESI-07). We studied 192 coseismic landslides (classified as coherent, disrupted and lateral spreads) located in the epicentral area, defined by the VII to IXESI-07 isoseismals. Based on our findings, lahar deposits, tuffs and volcanoclastic units are the most susceptible to landslides occurrence. Alluvial plains with fluvial loose fine sand are the most susceptible setting for lateral spreading, with a maximum intensity of IXESI-07. The coherent landslides are frequently found in altered shale and siltstone geological units with moderate slopes (8°–16°), with typical intensity ranging between VII and VIIIESI-07. Our analysis draws a typical framework for slope movements triggered by subduction earthquakes in Ecuador. The most dangerous setting is the coastal region, a relatively highly urbanized area located near the epicenter and where liquefaction can trigger massive lateral spreading events. Coherent and disrupted landslides, dominating the more internal hilly region, can be triggered also in moderate slope settings (i.e., less than 10°). Indeed, the regression analysis between seismic intensity, PGA-h and landslide occurrence shows that most of the events occurred at PGA-h values between 0.4 g and 1.2 g, at a distance of 30 to 50 km from the rupture plane. Our database suggests that lithology and hillslope geometry are the main geological/geomorphological factors controlling coseismic landslides occurrence; while the distance from the rupture plane plays a significant role on determining the landslide size. Finally, we underline that coseismically-triggered landslides are among the most common environmental effects occurring during large subduction events that can be effectively used to properly evaluate the earthquake macroseismic field. The landslide inventory we compiled is suitable for assessing the vulnerability of physical environment from subduction earthquakes in Ecuador, and offers a primary data source for future worldwide analysis.
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Camarinha, P. I. M., V. Canavesi et R. C. S. Alvalá. « Shallow landslide prediction and analysis with risk assessment using a spatial model in a coastal region in the state of São Paulo, Brazil ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no 9 (17 septembre 2014) : 2449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2449-2014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. This study presents a methodology for susceptibility mapping of shallow landslides just from data and software from the public domain. The study was conducted in a mountainous region located on the southeastern Brazilian coast, in the state of São Paulo. The proposal is that the methodology can be replicated in a practical and reliable way in several other municipalities that do not have such mappings and that often suffer from landslide-related disasters. The susceptibility mapping was generated based on the following maps: geological, soils, slope, horizontal and vertical curvatures, and land use. The thematic classes of these maps were weighted according to technical and scientific criteria related to the triggering of landslides, and were crossed by the fuzzy gamma technique. The mapping was compared with the risk sector survey made by the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM), which is the official database used by municipalities and civil defense in risk management. The results showed positive correlations, so that the critical risk sectors had higher proportions for the more susceptible classes. To compare the approach with other studies using landslide-scar maps, correlated indices were evaluated, which also showed satisfactory results, thus indicating that the methodology presented is appropriate for risk assessment in urban areas.