Livres sur le sujet « CO2 density »

Os contextos pandémico e pós-pandémico vêm impondo às cidades outras dinâmicas, outros sons, outros ecos, outros percursos, outros visitantes humanos e não humanos. Durante o confinamento, o encerramento de espaços teatrais e expositivos – bem como, durante o desconfinamento, as limitações para a sua utilização - têm tido consequências penosas nas programações artísticas e efeitos dramáticos nos quotidianos dos seus agentes (artistas, técnicos, programadores, curadores, etc.). Ao mesmo tempo, a desaceleração da vida da cidade (do trânsito, do ritmo nas ruas, do frenesim produtivo e de consumo, etc.) veio contribuir beneficamente para uma diminuição das emissões de CO2. Neste quadro, a cidade - mais concretamente as suas zonas públicas a céu aberto – surgem mais nitidamente como espaços de circulação e de interferência (ou de suspensão de interferência) entre pessoas. O que aprendemos com a experiência de confinamento e desconfinamento? Em primeiro lugar, que a cidade tem uma densidade flutuante, na medida em que as concentrações populacionais se esvaem quando nos encerramos em casa. Em segundo lugar, que o encontro com o outro (uma das prerrogativas da cidade) pode acontecer em outras escalas que não apenas a dimensão cultural. Em terceiro lugar, que o medo pode ser um sentimento público capaz de fazer implodir as próprias cidades, se não for transformado numa força para a vida. Como é que, neste processo, os artistas se organizam e se constituem como agentes na cidade? Como é que a cidade passou a ser representada? Que cidade é aquela que desejamos? Este congresso surge assim da necessidade de intensificar o diálogo entre a cidade e a arte, em particular as artes performativas. Este encontro efoi o culminar de dois anos de investigação consistente e consolidada no âmbito do projecto TEPe (Technologically Expanded Performance). Ao longo destes dois anos, desenvolvemos atividades com a comunidade com o intuito de promover um diálogo intercultural e transdisciplinar, e proporcionar o encontro com vivências urbanas variadas. Através das diferentes propostas de percursos pela cidade, mapeámos acontecimentos, hoje invisíveis, mas ainda assim presentes: desde “memórias soterradas” a “caminhadas sensoriais”, passando por registos íntimos de confinamento. O encontro visou partilhar as experiências realizadas com a contribuição de duas equipas: a portuguesa, em Lisboa, e a brasileira, em Fortaleza. Para além de apresentarmos as conclusões das pesquisas realizadas, lançamos esta chamada para apresentações, especialmente destinada a artistas e estudiosos de performance art, historiadores das cidades, antropólogos, urbanistas, geógrafos, estudiosos da escuta e do som e a todxs aquelxs a quem interessa pensar (e projectar) a vida na cidade. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The pandemic and post-pandemic contexts have imposed on cities other dynamics, other sounds, other echoes, other routes, other human and non-human visitors. During the lockdown, the closure of theatrical and exhibition spaces - as well as, during lockdown unlocking, the limitations for their use - have had painful consequences in artistic programming and dramatic effects in the daily lives of its agents (artists, technicians, programmers, curators, etc.). At the same time, the slowing down of city life (traffic, the pace of the streets, the frenzy of production and consumption, etc.) has made a beneficial contribution to a reduction in CO2 emissions. In this context, the city - and more specifically its open-air public areas - emerge more clearly as spaces for circulation and interference (or suspension of interference) between people. What have we learned from the experience of national lockdown and unlocking? Firstly, that the city has a fluctuating density, insofar as population concentrations fade when we shut ourselves indoors. Secondly, the encounter with the other (one of the prerogatives of the city) can take place on other scales than the cultural dimension alone. Thirdly, fear can be a public sentiment capable of imploding cities themselves if it is not transformed into a force for life. How, in this process, are artists organised and constituted as agents in the city? How did the city come to be represented? What kind of city do we want? This congress thus arises from the need to intensify the dialogue between the city and art, particularly the performing arts. This international meeting is the culmination of two years of consistent and consolidated research within the TEPe (Technologically Expanded Performance) project. Throughout these two years, we have developed activities with the community to promote intercultural and transdisciplinary dialogue and provide an encounter with varied urban experiences. Through the different proposals of walks through the city, we have mapped events, today invisible, but still present: from "buried memories" to "sensorial walks", passing through intimate records of confinement. The meeting aims to share the experiences carried out with the contribution of two teams: the Portuguese, in Lisbon, and the Brazilian, in Fortaleza. Besides presenting the conclusions of the researches carried out, we launch this call for presentations, especially addressed to artists and scholars of performance art, historians of cities, anthropologists, urban planners, geographers, scholars of listening and sound and to all those who are interested in thinking (and projecting) life in the city.

This chapter surveys recent research that utilizes the measures and techniques of social network analysis (SNA) to explain socioecological outcomes. The chapter focuses on the role of key characteristics of networks—including density and fragmentation, bonding and bridging social capital, brokerage and leadership—in promoting adaptive governance and co-management, and in turn, successful environmental management outcomes. It argues that network structures affect the ability of actors to coordinate their behavior, cooperate with one another, share information, and adapt their behavior to new circumstances. The chapter concludes by discussing limitations and future directions for research, drawing attention to the need for more work integrating ecological and social networks, comparative SNA, and analyses of network formation and evolution.

Lipids are carried in plasma as microparticles, lipoproteins, composed of a core of hydrophobic lipids and a surface of amphipathic lipids. In addition, the particles carry proteins (i.e. apolipoproteins). The proteins have key functions in the metabolism as receptor ligands, enzymes or activators. Lipoproteins are classified based on density into: chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL. Retention of apoB-containing lipoproteins (LDL, IDL, and VLDL) in the arterial intima is the initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Retention is mediated by binding of apoB to structural proteoglycans in the intima. Increased plasma concentration of apoB-containing lipoproteins is the main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the causative role of LDL has been demonstrated in several studies. Lp(a) is a subclass of LDL and elevated Lp(a) is an independent risk-factor, primarily genetically mediated. Genetic data support that high Lp(a) causes atherosclerosis. Elevated triglycerides in plasma are associated with increased risk for CVD. Whether triglycerides directly induce atherogenesis is still unclear, but current data strongly support that remnant particles from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are causal. HDL are lipoproteins that have been considered to be important for reversed cholesterol transport. Low HDL is a strong risk-factor for CVD. However, the causative role of HDL is debated and intervention studies to raise HDL have not been successful. Reduction of LDL is the main target for prevention and treatment, using drugs that inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, i.e. statins. Other drugs for LDL reduction and to modify other lipoproteins may further reduce risk, and new therapeutic targets are explored.

This publication contains the reflections and proposals made within the framework of the 2018–2019 University of Zaragoza Master of Architecture programme. Continuing on from the work of previous years on other districts of the city of Zaragoza we refer to as ‘inner peripheries’, particularly those com- prising the so-called ‘Orla Este’ (‘eastern fringe’) – the neighbourhoods of San José and Las Fuentes – this time the team of students and teaching staff involved turned their focus to the Torrero-La Paz dis- trict. This area of the city has problems similar to those previously studied, as they are distinguished by depopulation and ageing, in other words, the tendency to lose inhabitants, particularly younger generations. Moreover, its physical structure is characterised by a congested network of streets, high population density, a scarcity of green spaces and facilities, and the poor design of existing public spaces and deficiencies in the standards of construction of many of its buildings. All of this is reflec- ted in the proliferation of urban fabrics in the process of becoming obsolete, which may lead to the appearance of pockets of vulnerability. Nonetheless, the diagnostic exercises undertaken have also allowed the potential of the district to be identified. This publication contains the proposals for urban renewal and building restoration based on the interventions to improve public spaces and dwellings, in addition to facilities, traffic management and public parking spaces. In a nutshell, all those aspects that we can include within the broad concept of urban renewal and with the aim of progressing towards a much-improved neighbourhood. The publication of this book was made possible by the collaboration agreement between Zaragoza City Council, through Zaragoza Vivienda, and the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Zaragoza.

This chapter bridges the gap between historicism and formalism through a new model for lyric. Different kinds of explanation suit different levels of analysis: validity in interpretation is tied to analytic level. Proposed here is a theory of the middle range—Franco Moretti’s genre, Jonathan Culler’s poetics. “Lyric” indicates the kind of poem recognized since the eighteenth century as such—hence, as the extreme form of the literary. A process resembling thinking happens in such densely coded, layered, and self-reflexive poems. The model suggested, however, is not self-reflexivity but self-assembly through a transhistorical recursive process that equally applies beyond conventionally defined agents, subjects, and mental states. As a byproduct of recursion, lyric subjectivity is homologous with processes in the physical and biological sciences, as conceptualized in dynamic systems theory. Such systems spontaneously select for their own boundaries and identity, their own relevant contexts: entity and environment are co-created.

In this research work, we have demonstrated the synthesis, spectroscopic characteristics, thermal behaviour and DC conductivity of a few nanostructured composites, substituted conducting polymers (ICPs) and composites of ICPs. The physical properties of aforementioned composites are significantly changed by the doping with HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, or acrylic acid. The charge transport properties of these polymeric materials have been studied in detail because of their potential application in gas sensors. In the current work, varieties of conducting polymer based materials such as PANI-ES/Cloisite 20A nanostructured composite, acrylic acid (AA) doped PANI polymer, N-substituted conducting polyaniline polymer, DL−PLA/PANI-ES composites, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) based polyaniline composite, and inorganic acid doped polyaniline are sucessfuly synthesized using aniline/aniline hydrochloride as precursors in acidic medium. Particularly, AA based synthesised PANI polymer was found with higher solubility The spectroscopic, thermal stability, enthalpy of fusion, room temperature DC conductivity and temperature dependent DC conductivity measurements with and without magnetic was carried out with as-synthesized materials. The FTR/ATR−FTIR spectra indicated the presence of different functional groups in the as-prepared composite materials. The UV−Visible absorption spectroscopic analysis showed the presence of polaron band suggesting PANI-ES form. The Room temperature DC conductivity, temperature variation DC conductivity (in presence and absence of magnetic field), and magnetoresistance (MR) of as-prepared conducting polyaniline based were analysed. The highest room temperature DC conductivity value was obtained from H2SO4 doped based composite materials and all prepared conductive composites were followed ohms law. The low temperature DC conductivity was carried out in order to study the semiconducting nature of prepared materials. The Mott type VRH model was found to be well fitted the conductivity data and described the density of states at the Fermi level which is constant in this temperature range. From MR plots, a negative MR was observed, which described the quantum interference effect on hopping conduction. We discuss different gas analytes i.e., NO2, LPG, H2, NH3, CH4, and CO of conducting polymer based materials.