Articles de revues : « Co-Culture systems »

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Heidari, B., A. Shirazi, M. M. Naderi, M. M. Akhondi, H. Hassanpour, A. Sarvari et S. Borjian. « Effect of various co-culture systems on embryo development in ovine ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, No. 10 (27 septembre 2013) : 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6993-cjas.

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Considering the advent of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new source of somatic cells in embryo co-culture system, the current study was aimed to compare in vitro embryo development using embryonic MSCs monolayer with embryonic fibroblast cells (EFCs), oviductal epithelial cells (OECs), and cell-free culture system. The IVM/IVF presumptive sheep zygotes were randomly cultured in different culture conditions as follows: (1) SOFaaBSA medium for the whole culture period (SOF, n = 371), (2) SOFaaBSA medium for the first 3 days followed by co-culturing with MSCs for the next 5 days (SOF-MSCs, n = 120), (3) co-culturing with MSCs for the first 3 days followed by culture in SOFaaBSA medium for the next 5 days (MSCs-SOF, n = 133), (4) co-culturing with MSCs for the whole culture period (MSCs, n = 212), (5) SOFaaBSA medium for the first 3 days followed by co-culturing with EFCs for the next 5 days (SOF-EFCs, n = 132), (6) co-culturing with EFCs for the first 3 days followed by culture in SOFaaBSA medium for the next 5 days (EFCs-SOF, n = 165), (7) co-culturing with EFCs for the whole culture period (EFCs, n = 236), and (8) co-culturing with OECs for the whole culture period (OECs, n = 255). One-Way ANOVA by multiple pairwise comparisons using Tukey’s test was performed. Co-culturing in MSCs group had no superiority over EFCs and OECs groups. Though, when co-culturing with MSCs and EFCs was limited to the first 3 days of culture, the embryo development indices were improved compared to the other co-cultured groups. Considering both the hatching rate and total cell number, the application of MSCs for the first 3 days of culture (MSCs-SOF) was superior to the other co-culture and SOF groups.  

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Zou, Jianyu, Bo Bai et Yongchang Yao. « Progress of co-culture systems in cartilage regeneration ». Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 18, n^o 11 (10 octobre 2018) : 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2018.1533116.

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Kirkpatrick, C. James, Sabine Fuchs et Ronald E. Unger. « Co-culture systems for vascularization — Learning from nature ». Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 63, n^o 4-5 (avril 2011) : 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.009.

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Liu, Rongrong, Xiaoting Meng, Xiyao Yu, Guoqiang Wang, Zhiyong Dong, Zhengjie Zhou, Mingran Qi, Xiao Yu, Tong Ji et Fang Wang. « From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems : A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 21 (28 octobre 2022) : 13116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113116.

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The central nervous system (CNS) controls and regulates the functional activities of the organ systems and maintains the unity between the body and the external environment. The advent of co-culture systems has made it possible to elucidate the interactions between neural cells in vitro and to reproduce complex neural circuits. Here, we classified the co-culture system as a two-dimensional (2D) co-culture system, a cell-based three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system, a tissue slice-based 3D co-culture system, an organoid-based 3D co-culture system, and a microfluidic platform-based 3D co-culture system. We provide an overview of these different co-culture models and their applications in the study of neural cell interaction. The application of co-culture systems in virus-infected CNS disease models is also discussed here. Finally, the direction of the co-culture system in future research is prospected.

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Marrero-Berrios, Ileana, Anil Shrirao, Charles P. Rabolli, Rishabh Hirday, Rene S. Schloss et Martin L. Yarmush. « Multi-layer stackable tissue culture platform for 3D co-culture ». TECHNOLOGY 08, n^o 01n02 (mars 2020) : 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s233954782050003x.

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In vitro tools, which can enable development of models that replicate the cell microenvironment associated with complex diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), are critically needed. In OA, catabolic and inflammatory processes orchestrated by multiple cell types lead to the eventual destruction of articular cartilage. To address this need, our group developed a device that will enable investigation of complex cell systems. Our stackable tissue culture insert was fabricated and characterized with respect to biocompatibility, ease of use, and potential for tissue culture applications. The stackable tissue culture inserts can be easily modified, fabricated, and assembled into commercially available multi-well plates. In vitro studies conducted with three different cell types demonstrated high cell viability and functional secretion when cultured in the stackable inserts. Furthermore, synergistic effects when the three cell types were cultured together were observed. This demonstrates the need to more fully interrogate in vitro culture systems, and this stackable insert can provide a tool to fill the current technological void to do so.

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Kuppusamy, Palaniselvam, Dahye Kim, Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Inho Hwang et Ki Choon Choi. « Adipose and Muscle Cell Co-Culture System : A Novel In Vitro Tool to Mimic the In Vivo Cellular Environment ». Biology 10, n^o 1 (24 décembre 2020) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010006.

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A co-culture system allows researchers to investigate the complex interactions between two cell types under various environments, such as those that promote differentiation and growth as well as those that mimic healthy and diseased states, in vitro. In this paper, we review the most common co-culture systems for myocytes and adipocytes. The in vitro techniques mimic the in vivo environment and are used to investigate the causal relationships between different cell lines. Here, we briefly discuss mono-culture and co-culture cell systems and their applicability to the study of communication between two or more cell types, including adipocytes and myocytes. Also, we provide details about the different types of co-culture systems and their applicability to the study of metabolic disease, drug development, and the role of secretory factors in cell signaling cascades. Therefore, this review provides details about the co-culture systems used to study the complex interactions between adipose and muscle cells in various environments, such as those that promote cell differentiation and growth and those used for drug development.

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Zhang, Yu, Weimin Guo, Mingjie Wang, Chunxiang Hao, Liang Lu, Shuang Gao, Xueliang Zhang et al. « Co-culture systems-based strategies for articular cartilage tissue engineering ». Journal of Cellular Physiology 233, n^o 3 (8 septembre 2017) : 1940–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26020.

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Kook, Yun-Min, Yoon Jeong, Kangwon Lee et Won-Gun Koh. « Design of biomimetic cellular scaffolds for co-culture system and their application ». Journal of Tissue Engineering 8 (1 janvier 2017) : 204173141772464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731417724640.

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The extracellular matrix of most natural tissues comprises various types of cells, including fibroblasts, stem cells, and endothelial cells, which communicate with each other directly or indirectly to regulate matrix production and cell functionality. To engineer multicellular interactions in vitro, co-culture systems have achieved tremendous success achieving a more realistic microenvironment of in vivo metabolism than monoculture system in the past several decades. Recently, the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have primarily focused on three-dimensional co-culture systems using cellular scaffolds, because of their physical and biological relevance to the extracellular matrix of actual tissues. This review discusses several materials and methods to create co-culture systems, including hydrogels, electrospun fibers, microfluidic devices, and patterning for biomimetic co-culture system and their applications for specific tissue regeneration. Consequently, we believe that culture systems with appropriate physical and biochemical properties should be developed, and direct or indirect cell–cell interactions in the remodeled tissue must be considered to obtain an optimal tissue-specific microenvironment.

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Carvalho, A. Vitorino, E. Canon, L. Jouneau, C. Archilla, L. Laffont, M. Moroldo, S. Ruffini, E. Corbin, P. Mermillod et V. Duranthon. « Different co-culture systems have the same impact on bovine embryo transcriptome ». Reproduction 154, n^o 5 (novembre 2017) : 695–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0449.

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During the last few years, several co-culture systems using either BOEC or VERO feeder cells have been developed to improve bovine embryo development and these systems give better results at high oxygen concentration (20%). In parallel, the SOF medium, used at 5% O2, has been developed to mimic the oviduct fluid. Since 2010s, the SOF medium has become popular in improving bovine embryo development and authors have started to associate this medium to co-culture systems. Nevertheless, little is known about the putative benefit of this association on early development. To address this question, we have compared embryo transcriptomes in four different culture conditions: SOF with BOEC or VERO at 20% O2, and SOF without feeders at 5% or 20% O2. Embryos have been analyzed at 16-cell and blastocyst stages. Co-culture systems did not improve the developmental rate when compared to 5% O2. Direct comparison of the two co-culture systems failed to highlight major differences in embryo transcriptome at both developmental stages. Both feeder cell types appear to regulate the same cytokines and growth factors pathways, and thus to influence embryo physiology in the same way. In blastocysts, when compared to culture in SOF at 5% O2, BOEC or VERO seems to reduce cell survival and differentiation by, at least, negatively regulating STAT3 and STAT5 pathways. Collectively, in SOF medium both blastocysts rate and embryo transcriptome suggest no influence of feeder origin on bovine early development and no beneficial impact of co-culture systems when compared to 5% O2.

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Gupta, P. S. P., H. S. Ramesh, B. M. Manjunatha, S. Nandi et J. P. Ravindra. « Production of buffalo embryos using oocytes from in vitro grown preantral follicles ». Zygote 16, n^o 1 (février 2008) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096719940700442x.

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SummaryThe present study examines the use of buffalo preantral follicles as a source of oocytes for in vitro embryo production. Preantral follicles were isolated from abattoir-derived buffalo ovaries and were grown for 100 days in five different culture systems: (1) minimum essential medium (MEM); (2) coconut water; (3) MEM + ovarian mesenchymal cell (OMC) co-culture; (4) MEM + granulosa cell (GC) co-culture; or (5) MEM + cumulus cell (CC) co-culture. Low growth rates for the preantral follicles were observed when follicles were cultured in MEM or coconut water medium. Moderate growth rates were seen for OMC and GC co-cultures, and high rates of growth were observed when follicles were grown in CC co-culture. The survival of preantral follicles was low in the MEM culture (<25%), but was over 75% in the other culture systems. Oocytes were not recovered from the MEM group, while an oocyte recovery rate of 80–100% was observed when the follicles were cultured with coconut water/somatic cells. Transferable embryos could be produced only with the oocytes obtained from preantral follicles grown in the OMC and CC co-culture systems. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that it is possible to produce buffalo embryos by in vitro fertilization of oocytes derived from in vitro grown preantral follicles.

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Anticoli, Linda, et Elio Toppano. « How Culture May Influence Ontology Co-Design ». International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 6, n^o 2 (avril 2011) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2011040101.

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This article addresses the issue of cultural influence in ontology design and reuse. The main assumption is that an ontology is not only a socio-technical artefact but also a cultural artefact. It contains embedded assumptions, core values, points of view, beliefs, thought patterns, etc. Based on results already found in several design fields the authors formulate some preliminary hypotheses about the possible relationships existing between culture and features of design process and produced ontology. A critical and qualitative analysis of six collaborative design systems has been performed to test some of the hypotheses, confirming some of the findings. The authors argue that a “culture aware” attitude may be of great importance for supporting the processes of cross cultural collaborative ontology design and the internalization and localization of these kinds of artefacts.

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Duan, Yuanliang, Qiang Li, Lu Zhang, Zhipeng Huang, Zhongmeng Zhao, Han Zhao, Jun Du et Jian Zhou. « Toxic metals in rice-fish co-culture systems and human health ». Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 241 (août 2022) : 113797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113797.

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Cho, Cheul, Jaesung Park, Arno Tilles, François Berthiaume, Mehmet Toner et Martin Yarmush. « Layered patterning of hepatocytes in co-culture systems using microfabricated stencils ». BioTechniques 48, n^o 1 (janvier 2010) : 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/000113317.

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Kim, M. H., M. Liang, Q. P. He et J. Wang. « A novel bioreactor to study the dynamics of co-culture systems ». Biochemical Engineering Journal 107 (mars 2016) : 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.11.019.

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Goers, Lisa, Paul Freemont et Karen M. Polizzi. « Co-culture systems and technologies : taking synthetic biology to the next level ». Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, n^o 96 (6 juillet 2014) : 20140065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0065.

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Co-culture techniques find myriad applications in biology for studying natural or synthetic interactions between cell populations. Such techniques are of great importance in synthetic biology, as multi-species cell consortia and other natural or synthetic ecology systems are widely seen to hold enormous potential for foundational research as well as novel industrial, medical and environmental applications with many proof-of-principle studies in recent years. What is needed for co-cultures to fulfil their potential? Cell–cell interactions in co-cultures are strongly influenced by the extracellular environment, which is determined by the experimental set-up, which therefore needs to be given careful consideration. An overview of existing experimental and theoretical co-culture set-ups in synthetic biology and adjacent fields is given here, and challenges and opportunities involved in such experiments are discussed. Greater focus on foundational technology developments for co-cultures is needed for many synthetic biology systems to realize their potential in both applications and answering biological questions.

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Lang, Karl R., Richard D. Shang et Roumen Vragov. « Designing markets for co-production of digital culture goods ». Decision Support Systems 48, n^o 1 (décembre 2009) : 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2009.05.010.

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PIEKOS, M. « Evaluation of co-culture and alternative culture systems for promoting in-vitro development of mouse embryos ». Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2, n^o 2 (avril 1995) : 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1071-5576(95)94561-8.

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Arta, I. Made Subali Arta, I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa et Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha. « Perbandingan Laju Pertumbuhan Abalon (Haliotis squamata) Menggunakan Metode Co-culture Dan Monoculture di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Bali ». Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 7, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p12.

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This research was conducted at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Bali for 60 days. The purpose of this study was to find out the ratio of abalone growth rate (Haliotis squamata) to co-cultured and monoculture cultivation systems in Geger Beach waters, Nusa Dua, Bali, knowing that abalone stocking densities were more effective in culture systems and knowing more abalone stocking densities effective on monoculture systems. The method used uses the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method which consists of four treatments with each treatment there are three repetitions. The treatment of Haliotis squamata abalone shells which is integrated with dense stocking differs from planting the same seaweed. The test animals were stocked with each basket with a density of 40 tails and 20 tails. The food given for abalone is cotoni sp. which is where seaweed cotoni sp. obtained from cultivation. Based on the comparison of the growth rate of abalone (Haliotis squamata) in co-culture and monoculture cultivation in terms of abalone length with stocking density 20 of the co-culture cultivation system obtains the highest length value of 2.50%, while the co-culture cultivation system with stocking density 40 gets the value the highest is 4.19%. At the weight of the Haliotis squamata abalone with the co-culture cultivation system at 20 stocking densities, the highest value was 0.04% and 40 highest stocking densities on the co-culture system at 1.04%. At the length of the abalone Haliotis squamata with 20 thick stocking monoculture systems got the highest value of 7.63%, while the highest stocking density of 40 was 1.28%. On abalone weight monoculture system with 20 density has the highest value of 2.67%, while 40 density has the highest value of 0.48%.

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Prewitz, Marina, Friedrich Philipp Seib, Martin Bornhaeuser et Carsten Werner. « Engineering Biomimetic Culture Systems : Impact On Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells. » Blood 114, n^o 22 (20 novembre 2009) : 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3628.3628.

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Abstract Abstract 3628 Poster Board III-564 The bone marrow (BM) harbours haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs) in anatomically distinct sites (niches) where HSCs are subjected to regulatory cues such as cytokines, cell-cell contacts and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) all of which control stem cell fate. In particular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an integral part of the bone marrow and are known to be key regulators of the HSC niche. We have previously shown that bio-artificial scaffolds can have a significant impact on the in vitro behaviour of MSCs. Here, we are therefore focussing on the role of (native) ECM within the MSC-HSC microenvironment by building on our previous findings and published data (Seib et al.,Tissue Eng Part A., 2009 in press). Thus the aim of the current study is (a) to identify niche-specific ECM components and (b) the use of such ECMs for in vitro culture of BM-derived stem cells. To mimic the natural ECM composition of the BM, different ECM types were generated from BM-derived cells using (a) Dexter cultures, (b) standard MSC cultures, (c) MSCs subjected to osteogenic differentiation. After 10 days of culture those MSC-derived ECMs were decellularised using 0.5% Triton-X and 20mM NH4OH leaving only the ECM behind (verified by scanning electron microscopy). Those ECMs were used as a substrate for a second culture of MSCs, which were analysed for their proliferation and differentiation potential. Cell-free ECM from standard MSC cultures improved MSC proliferation compared to cells grown on regular tissue culture plastic (TCP) over the period of 8 days. Most notably, all cell-free ECM preparations lead to a significant difference in the cytoskeletal arrangement of MSCs during the first 2 days of culture compared to TCP controls. Cultivation of MSCs on native ECM provided a guiding structure for those cells to grow into, and helped to maintain an elongated cell shape compared to substantial cell spreading on TCP (roundness 0.2 versus 0.5 and cell area of 2.2 versus 8.2mm2, respectively, p<0.001, n=60. A factor of 1 was set to equate to a perfect circle). Next, we investigate if native ECM could either directly improve HSC cultures or maximise MSC feeder characteristics. For the latter set of studies MSCs were initially cultured for 7 days on cell-free ECM (from standard MSC cultures) and subsequently co-cultured with human peripheral blood CD34+ HSCs in serum free medium supplemented with cytokines (Tpo, Flt3, and SCF at 10ng/ml). Following a 14 day culture period up to 3.5-fold more CD34+ cells were present in ECM co-cultures compared to TCP co-cultures that was accompanied with an overall expansion of CD45+ cells of 109-fold versus 35-fold, respectively. Our data suggest that ECM preparations derived from MSCs might be useful to accomplish better expansion of HSCs under defined culture conditions. In addition, this system permits the identification of bimolecular key components that can be utilized in the future design of simple and robust carrier systems for improved HSC maintenance in vitro. Figure HSC-MSC co-culture on preformed ECM substrates. (A) MSC-derived ECM (from standard MSC culture) following cell lysis (complete absence of cells). (B) Growth of a new set of MSCs on ECM substrates as shown in (A). (C) HSC-MSC co-culture on ECM substrates. Scale bars at 2μm. Arrow heads point out ECM structures. Figure HSC-MSC co-culture on preformed ECM substrates. (A) MSC-derived ECM (from standard MSC culture) following cell lysis (complete absence of cells). (B) Growth of a new set of MSCs on ECM substrates as shown in (A). (C) HSC-MSC co-culture on ECM substrates. Scale bars at 2μm. Arrow heads point out ECM structures. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Hosseini, Marzieh, Saghar Salehpour, Marefat Ghaffari Novin, Zahra Shams Mofarahe, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar et Abbas Piryaei. « Improvement of in situ Follicular Activation and Early Development in Cryopreserved Human Ovarian Cortical Tissue by Co-Culturing with Mesenchymal Stem Cells ». Cells Tissues Organs 208, n^o 1-2 (2019) : 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506303.

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Follicular loss and tissue degeneration are great challenges in ovarian tissue culture systems. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) secrete a cocktail of growth factors and cytokines which supports adjacent cells and tissues. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of human bone marrow (hBM)-MSC, as co-culture cells, on human follicular development in ovarian cortical tissue (OCT) culture. For this purpose, warmed OCT fragments were co-cultured with hBM-MSC for 8 days and compared to monocultured OCT. During the culture period, ovarian follicle survival and development in the OCT were evaluated using histological observation, follicular developmental-related genes expression, and estradiol production. Furthermore, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that there were no significant differences in conserved ovarian follicles with a normal morphology between the two groups. However, the percentage of developing follicles, as well as follicular developmental gene expression, significantly increased in the co-culture group compared to the monoculture group. On the other hand, compared with the monoculture group, the co-culture group demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation, indicated by Ki67 gene expression, as well as a dramatic decrease in apoptotic cell percentage, revealed by TUNEL assay. These findings indicated that co-culturing of hBM-MSC with OCT could improve follicular activation and early follicular development in human ovarian tissue culture systems.

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Thiageswaran, Shiama, Heather Steele, Anna Laura Voigt et Ina Dobrinski. « A Role for Exchange of Extracellular Vesicles in Porcine Spermatogonial Co-Culture ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 9 (20 avril 2022) : 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094535.

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Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) provide the basis for lifelong male fertility through self-renewal and differentiation. Prepubertal male cancer patients may be rendered infertile by gonadotoxic chemotherapy and, unlike sexually mature men, cannot store sperm. Alternatively, testicular biopsies taken prior to treatment may be used to restore fertility in adulthood. Testicular SSC populations are limited, and in vitro culture systems are required to increase numbers of SSCs for treatment, demanding culture systems for SSC propagation. Using the pig as a non-rodent model, we developed culture systems to expand spermatogonia from immature testis tissue, comparing different feeders (Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells (PMCs) and pig fetal fibroblasts (PFFs)). Spermatogonia co-cultured with Sertoli cells, PMCs and PFFs had comparable rates of proliferation and apoptosis. To elucidate the mechanism behind the beneficial nature of feeder layers, we investigated the role of extracellular vesicles in crosstalk between spermatogonia and feeder cells. Sertoli cell-released exosomes are incorporated by spermatogonia, and inhibition of exosomal release reduces spermatogonial proliferation. Together, these results show that PMCs, PFFs and Sertoli cells promote spermatogonial proliferation in co-culture, with exosomal exchange representing one possible mechanism. Further characterization of exosomal cargo may ultimately allow the development of feeder-free culture systems for clinical use.

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Lee, Grace Sanghee, Michael A. Purdy et Youkyung Choi. « Cell Culture Systems for Studying Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections ». Life 13, n^o 7 (8 juillet 2023) : 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071527.

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The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections cause liver disease, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV infection remains a major global health problem. In 2019, 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B and about 5% of them were co-infected with HDV. In vitro cell culture systems are instrumental in the development of therapeutic targets. Cell culture systems contribute to identifying molecular mechanisms for HBV and HDV propagation, finding drug targets for antiviral therapies, and testing antiviral agents. Current HBV therapeutics, such as nucleoside analogs, effectively suppress viral replication but are not curative. Additionally, no effective treatment for HDV infection is currently available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapies to treat both viral infections. A robust in vitro cell culture system supporting HBV and HDV infections (HBV/HDV) is a critical prerequisite to studying HBV/HDV pathogenesis, the complete life cycle of HBV/HDV infections, and consequently identifying new therapeutics. However, the lack of an efficient cell culture system hampers the development of novel antiviral strategies for HBV/HDV infections. In vitro cell culture models have evolved with significant improvements over several decades. Recently, the development of the HepG2-NTCP sec+ cell line, expressing the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide receptor (NTCP) and self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) has opened new perspectives for a better understanding of HBV and HDV lifecycles and the development of specific antiviral drug targets against HBV/HDV infections. We address various cell culture systems along with different cell lines and how these cell culture systems can be used to provide better tools for HBV and HDV studies.

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Cui, Huijun, Xiaoshan Zhu, Yanjie Zhu, Yuxiong Huang et Baiyang Chen. « Ecotoxicological effects of DBPs on freshwater phytoplankton communities in co-culture systems ». Journal of Hazardous Materials 421 (janvier 2022) : 126679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126679.

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Duszewska, A. M., J. Wojdan, W. Gawron, E. Wenta-Muchalska, B. Was, A. Wisniewska, A. Chromik et Z. Reklewski. « 208 EFFECT OF TWO CATTLE EMBRYO CO-CULTURE SYSTEMS ON CALVING RATE ». Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, n^o 1 (2007) : 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab208.

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The objective of this study was to compare the calving rate after transfer of IVM/IVF/IVC embryos co cultured on both Vero and Vero/BRL cells (Duszewska 2000 Theriogenology 54, 1239–1247). Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 0.02 IU mL−1 FSH, 1 µg mL−1 17β-estradiol, 0.2 mM Na pyruvate, and 50 µg mL−1 gentamicin for 24 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2. Spermatozoa were prepared by the swim-up procedure. COCs were fertilized in Fert-TALP supplemented with 6 mg/mL−1 fatty acid-free BSA, 0.2 mM Na pyruvate, 50 µg mL−1 gentamicin sulfate, 20 µM penicillamine, 10 µM hypotaurine, 1 µM epinephrine, and 2 µg/mL−1 heparin for 20 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2. The zygotes were randomly allocated to one of the co-culture systems: Vero (2 × 103 cells in a 40-µL drop; 20 zygotes per drop), and Vero/BRL (1 × 103 Vero cells and 1 × 103 BRL cells in a 40-µL drop; 20 zygotes per drop). The zygotes from Vero and Vero/BRL were cultured for 168 h post-insemination in drops of Menezo B2 supplemented with 10% FBS until 144 h and from 144 h to 168 h without FBS, at 38.5°C in 5% CO2. Next, the blastocysts (Grade 1, according to IETS Manual) from Vero and Vero/BRL were transferred to recipients. The recipients were monitored daily for heat behavior, examined by ultrasound after 35 days and 65 days, and then observed monthly to confirm pregnancy. The results are presented in Table 1. Statistical significance was tested using the chi-square test. In spite of better development of cattle embryos on Vero/BRL cells than on Vero cells (P < 0.05), a lower rate of calving was obtained after transfer of these embryos to recipients than for those on Vero cells (P < 0.001). Higher loss of pregnancy after transfer of Vero/BRL embryos was observed in Days 35–65, which may indicate early fetal resorption. All calves were born naturally, healthy, and with normal weight. Table 1.Calving rate after transfer of embryos co-cultured on Vero cells and on Vero/BRL cells This work was supported by KBN Grant 2P06D05228.

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Liverani, Chiara, Laura Mercatali, Chiara Spadazzi, Federico La Manna, Alessandro De Vita, Nada Riva, Sebastiano Calpona et al. « CSF-1 blockade impairs breast cancer osteoclastogenic potential in co-culture systems ». Bone 66 (septembre 2014) : 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2014.06.017.

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Bagriacik, Emin, et Nurhan Albayrak. « Differential cytokine response by macrophages to ManLAM of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under various culture conditions (INC7P.419) ». Journal of Immunology 192, n^o 1_Supplement (1 mai 2014) : 186.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.186.20.

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Abstract Lipoarabinomannan, a lipoglycan is a major virulence factor for Mycobacterium. Mannosylated form of Lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is commanly found in pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been shown that ManLams inhibit production of TNFα and IL-12 by macrophages under in vitro culture conditions. In this study, we tested cytokine responses of macrophages stimulated with ManLAM under various culture conditions. ManLAM was isolated from M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv (ATCC 25618). Macrophages (J744.1; murine macrophage cell line) were stimulated with ManLAM in three different conditions, either alone or in co-cultures with fibroblasts (3T3; ATCC, CRL1658) in contact-culture and non-contact culture systems. Cytokines were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. In comparison to unstimulated controls, TNFα, IL-6 and IFNγ levels increased significantly in co-culture systems after stimulation with ManLAM while a slight increase occurred for IL-12 in the same cultures. However, we observed no change in TNFα, IL-6 and IL-12 for stimulated macrophages when they were cultured alone in the absence of fibroblasts. These results suggested that macrophage activity to ManLAM changed in the presence of the fibroblast in co-culture systems that might be an in vitro model for granuloma formation in tuberculosis infections.

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Xiao, Pengfei. « Interactions between Crop and Microalgae in Nutrient Utilization in Crop-microalgae Co-culture ». BIO Web of Conferences 111 (2024) : 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411101003.

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In order to conserve agricultural land and make the best use of environmental resources, scientists have developed hydroponic systems for growing crops and vegetables. At the same time, it has been found that microalgae and crops can interact on the basis of hydroponic systems. However, research on the nutrient utilization aspect of it is still very limited. In this paper, we investigate the nutrient utilization of crops and algae in a co-culture system, thereby contributing to the improvement of crop yields. Nutrient utilization in co-culture systems includes nutrient competition between crops and microalgae, the effect of CO2 produced by crop roots on microalgae, the promotion of nutrient uptake by microalgae in crops and the stimulation of root growth, and the change in system pH induced by nutrient uptake in crops and microalgae. By analyzing these aspects, it plays a key role for both algae and crops to achieve higher yields and good growth conditions in the co-culture system.

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Giscard, d'Estaing S., J. Lornage, M. Benchaib, M. Ajina, R. Levy, B. Salle, D. Boulieu, S. Hadj et J. F. Guerin. « O-149. Retrospective and comparative trial between two systems of blastocyst culture : co-culture on Vero cells and sequential media culture ». Human Reproduction 14, Suppl_3 (juin 1999) : 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_3.82-a.

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Tan, Zin Quat, Hui Yin Leow, David Charles Weerasingam Lee, Kanakeswary Karisnan, Adelene Ai Lian Song, Chun Wai Mai, Wai Sum Yap, Swee Hua Erin Lim et Kok Song Lai. « Co-Culture Systems for the Production of Secondary Metabolites : Current and Future Prospects ». Open Biotechnology Journal 13, n^o 1 (17 avril 2019) : 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701913010018.

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Microorganisms are the great sources of Natural Products (NPs); these are imperative to their survival apart from conferring competitiveness amongst each other within their environmental niches. Primary and secondary metabolites are the two major classes of NPs that help in cell development, where antimicrobial activity is closely linked with secondary metabolites. To capitalize on the effects of secondary metabolites, co-culture methods have been often used to develop an artificial microbial community that promotes the action of these metabolites. Different analytical techniques will subsequently be employed based on the metabolite specificity and sensitivity to further enhance the metabolite induction. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography (GC)-MS are commonly used for metabolite separation while Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) have been used as tools to elucidate the structure of compounds. This review intends to discuss current systems in use for co-culture in addition to its advantages, with discourse into the investigation of specific techniques in use for the detailed study of secondary metabolites. Further advancements and focus on co-culture technologies are required to fully realize the massive potential in synthetic biological systems.

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Shimizu, Hiroshi, Benjamas Cheirsilp et Suteaki Shioya. « Development of Co-Culture Systems of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts for Bioproduction ». Japanese Journal of Lactic Acid Bacteria 16, n^o 1 (2005) : 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4109/jslab1997.16.2.

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Zahmatkesh, Ensieh, Niloofar Khoshdel-Rad, Hamed Mirzaei, Anastasia Shpichka, Peter Timashev, Tokameh Mahmoudi et Massoud Vosough. « Evolution of organoid technology : Lessons learnt in Co-Culture systems from developmental biology ». Developmental Biology 475 (juillet 2021) : 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.001.

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DArcy, C., et C. Kiel. « 287 Mass spectrometry-based secretome analysis of melanocyte-keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture systems ». Journal of Investigative Dermatology 141, n^o 10 (octobre 2021) : S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.293.

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Elhariry, Hesham M., Ramadan M. Mahmoud, Amal A. Hassan et Mohamed A. Aly. « Development of Co-Culture Sourdough Systems for Improving Bread Quality and Delaying Staling ». Food Biotechnology 25, n^o 3 (juillet 2011) : 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905436.2011.590770.

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L. Berg, Ellen, Yu-Chih Hsu et Jonathan A. Lee. « Consideration of the cellular microenvironment : Physiologically relevant co-culture systems in drug discovery ». Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 69-70 (avril 2014) : 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.013.

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Nguyen, Nho Thuan, Vu Nguyen Doan et Ha Le Bao Tran. « Role of Co-Culture with Fibroblasts and Dynamic Culture Systems in 3-Dimensional MCF-7 Tumor Model Maturation ». Trends in Sciences 20, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 3892. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.3892.

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In vitro tumor models that are 3-dimensional (3D) have emerged as a significant area in the field of cancer research over the past several years. In order for breast cancer cell lines to grow and develop, it is important to select a scaffold, determine a strategy for seeding cells into the scaffold, then cultivate the cells under a variety of conditions. Therefore, we cultivated MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts on a gelatin-alginate scaffold alone or in co-culture under static or dynamic culture conditions in order to produce a 3D tumor model. MCF-7 and fibroblast were seeded into Gellatin-Alginate by Centrifugation and Incubation. After that, the cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay and the cell number determination in the scaffold. The morphology of MCF-7 was observed by H&E staining and SEM. The results showed that the co-culture of MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts in the scaffold exhibited an increase in cell mass size. Their mass morphologies feature a significant number of MCF-7 cells with a round structure that persists for an extended period of time. Perfusion bioreactors also demonstrate an increase in the size of cell mass (3 times higher than static culture). As a result, the long-term stability of the structure offers the possibility of cancer biology research and drug testing, especially the sustained release or actions experiements. HIGHLIGHTS This research focuses on aspects of the tissue engineering concept that support the proliferation and development of specific structures within the mass. By experimenting, we were able; to develop co-culture with MCF-7 breast cancer cells and fibroblasts in a bioreactor system to form the superior cell mass up to 500 mm to preserve the cell mass structure for a long duration (28 days) to have a particularly stable mass structure, with a large number of live cells GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Savocchia, Sandra, Tricia Franks et Robyn Van Heeswijck. « In vitro systems for studying the interaction of root-knot nematode with grapevine ». Nematology 5, n^o 2 (2003) : 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854103767139734.

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AbstractA simple system for in vitro dual culture of grapevine (Vitis spp.) plantlets and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood) is described. Based on the presence or absence of mature females, or the total number of nematodes in the roots after 36-day co-culture, the system reliably discriminated resistant (cv. Ramsey) and susceptible (cv. Chardonnay) grapevines. The system was sensitive enough to differentiate between infestation levels of cvs Börner and Chardonnay, both susceptible in the in vitro conditions. A modification of the system to use plantlets from rooted petioles has reduced labour and space requirements and would suit mass screening of grapevine genotypes in traditional or genetic engineering-based breeding programmes. In both systems, nematodes in roots of cv. Ramsey tended to be associated with brown tissue and, compared with those in roots of cv. Chardonnay, were more likely to be confined to tips rather than be distributed along the root after co-culture for 11 or 36 days.

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Ruoß, Marc, Vanessa Kieber, Silas Rebholz, Caren Linnemann, Helen Rinderknecht, Victor Häussling, Marina Häcker, Leon H. H. Olde Damink, Sabrina Ehnert et Andreas K. Nussler. « Cell-Type-Specific Quantification of a Scaffold-Based 3D Liver Co-Culture ». Methods and Protocols 3, n^o 1 (23 décembre 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps3010001.

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In order to increase the metabolic activity of human hepatocytes and liver cancer cell lines, many approaches have been reported in recent years. The metabolic activity could be increased mainly by cultivating the cells in 3D systems or co-cultures (with other cell lines). However, if the system becomes more complex, it gets more difficult to quantify the number of cells (e.g., on a 3D matrix). Until now, it has been impossible to quantify different cell types individually in 3D co-culture systems. Therefore, we developed a PCR-based method that allows the quantification of HepG2 cells and 3T3-J2 cells separately in a 3D scaffold culture. Moreover, our results show that this method allows better comparability between 2D and 3D cultures in comparison to the often-used approaches based on metabolic activity measurements, such as the conversion of resazurin.

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Heriansah, Heriansah, Arnold Kabangnga, Nur Fajriani Nursida, Renal Renal et Muh Izzul Alfarifdi. « Coculture of aquatic animals and paddy in brackish water : Evaluation of the growth of daily growth and morphometrics of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a fed species ». Acta Aquatica : Aquatic Sciences Journal 10, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2023) : 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v10i3.11752.

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A study on the cultivation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in brackish water using co-culture systems (polyculture, IMTA-non paddy, and IMTA-paddy) and monoculture systems was evaluated on a laboratory scale to determine its growth. Several species of aquatic animals and paddy (floating system) were combined with tilapia reared in plastic tanks for 28 days. Tilapia were fed four times a day at a feeding rate of 10% of biomass. The highest specific growth rate (SGR), IMTA-paddy system (4.24±0.08% day-1), polyculture (4.13±0.06% day-1), IMTA-non paddy (3.84±0.23% day-1), and monoculture (3.80±0.05% day-1). The same pattern was found in the addition of morphometric characteristics (AMC). Total length, standard length, body length, and height respectively from the highest IMTA-paddy system (2.49±0.12; 2.14±0.12; 1.81±0.14; 0.49±0.19 g), polyculture (2.32±0.16; 2.07±0.09; 1.72±0.11; 0.41±0.11 g), IMTA-non paddy (2.18±0.12; 1.78±0.15; 1.62±0.15; 0.33±0.14 g), and monoculture (2.02±0,09 1.67±0.08; 1.57±0.08; 0.30±0.10 g). Analysis of variance indicated that SGR and AMC of tilapia were significantly influenced by the culture system (P<0.05). The SGR and AMC in the IMTA-paddy system were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in the monoculture and IMTA-non-paddy systems, but not significantly different (P>0.05) from those in the polyculture system. In general, tilapia growth was higher in co-culture systems than in monoculture systems in brackish water, which led to the diversification of aquaculture production.Keywords: Brackish water; Co-culture; Growth; Nile tilapia; Rice.

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Ly, Thi Ai Duyen, Thi Be Lien Nguyen, Thi Thuy Duong Nguyen, Phuong Thao Nguyen, Cong Sac Tran, Van Tien Do, Linh Thy Le et Xuan Thanh Bui. « Study on the effect of ratio of microalgae Chlorella sp. and activated sludge to remove nutrients and organic matter for low C/N wastewater ». Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, n^o 8 (25 août 2022) : 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(8).58-64.

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Microalgae and activated sludge were co-cultured in photobioreactor (PBR) systems with different ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 0:1 wt/wt) to determine an optimal ratio for organic matter and nutrient removal. The results showed that the PBR systems at 1:0 and 3:1 ratios have higher total nitrogen (TN) removal rates than at two others. The highest TN removal at the ratio of 1:0 achieved 96% and at the ratio 3:1 achieved 90% after six days of operation. In addition, the single-microalgae culture and co-culture microalgae-activated sludge systems had higher TP removal than that in the single-activated sludge one. The highest TP removal of 98.8% was achieved at 1:0 ratio after nine days. The 3:1 and 1:1 ratios had significantly higher COD removal rates than the other ratios with 131 mg/l/d and 118 mg/l/d, respectively. After four days of operation, the 3:1 ratio reached the highest specific removal rate of 132.7 mg/l/d. This study showed that the 3:1 ratio of microalgae co-culture and activated sludge is an optimal ratio for wastewater treatment-based microalgae application.

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Gee, Sarah, Nadine Nelson, Aurelie Bornot, Nikki Carter, Maria Emanuela Cuomo, Simon J. Dovedi, Paul D. Smith, Davide Gianni et David J. Baker. « Developing an Arrayed CRISPR-Cas9 Co-Culture Screen for Immuno-Oncology Target ID ». SLAS DISCOVERY : Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 25, n^o 6 (6 mai 2020) : 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555220916457.

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Immunotherapies including PD-L1 blockade have shown remarkable increases in the T cell–directed antitumor response; however, efficacy is seen only in a minority of patients. Recently, pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (CRISPRn) screens in tumor/immune co-culture systems have identified a number of genes that confer resistance to T cell killing in pathways including antigen presentation and cytokine signaling, providing insight into tumor mechanisms that cause resistance to immunotherapies. The development of an arrayed CRISPRn screen in a tumor/immune co-culture system would allow the identification of novel targets for immuno-oncology, characterization of hits from pooled screens, and multiple assay endpoints to be measured per gene. Here, a small-scale arrayed CRISPRn screen was successfully developed to investigate the effects on a co-culture of T cells and Cas9-expressing PC9 lung adenocarcinoma cells modified to express anti-CD3 antibody on the cell surface (PC9-OKT3 T cell system). A focused CRISPRn library was designed to target genes involved in known resistance mechanisms (including antigen presentation, cytokine signaling, and apoptosis) as well as genes involved in immune synapse interactions. The viability of PC9 cells was assessed in two-dimensional adherent co-cultures via longitudinal imaging analysis. Knockout of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PLK1 in tumor cells cultured alone or with T cells resulted in increased tumor cell death, as expected, whereas knockout of the test gene ICAM1 showed subtle donor-specific resistance to T cell killing. Taken together, these data provide proof of concept for arrayed CRISPRn screens in tumor/immune co-culture systems and warrant further investigation of in vitro co-culture models.

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Li, Meijuan, Xiangyu Hu, Rui Hu, Kaiming Liang, Xuhua Zhong, Junfeng Pan, Youqiang Fu et al. « Evaluating Rice Varieties for Suitability in a Rice–Fish Co-Culture System Based on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield ». Agronomy 13, n^o 9 (15 septembre 2023) : 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092392.

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Rice–fish co-cultures have been practiced for over 2000 years, and they have tremendous potential in terms of increasing food security and economic benefits. However, little research has been conducted into achieving stable yields and high lodging resistance with regard to rice while simultaneously promoting the harmonious and healthy growth of fish in rice–fish co-culture paddy fields. We conducted a field study aimed at selecting suitable rice varieties for rice–fish co-culture systems (encompassing both ratoon and main crop). This selection process was grounded in an evaluation of lodging resistance and grain yield among 33 rice varieties used throughout the studied region. The results revealed a range of lodging indices of the main crop for the second internode, spanning from 62.43 to 138.75, and the annual grain yield (main crop and ratoon crop) ranged from 7.17 to 13.10 t ha−1 within rice–fish co-culture systems. We found that the use of rice–fish co-culture farming could improve the milling quality, nutrient quality, and appearance quality of rice, though the improvement gained through co-culturing varied across rice varieties. Moreover, the lodging index of the three basal internodes of rice plants was significantly and positively correlated with the plant height and the culm fresh weight, but it was negatively correlated with the bending strength of the rice basal internodes. Additionally, the 33 tested rice varieties were clustered in accordance with their lodging resistance (i.e., high resistance with lodging indices 62.43–75.42; medium resistance with lodging indices 80.57–104.62; and low resistance with lodging indices 113.02–138.75) according to the hierarchical cluster analysis. The 33 rice varieties were also clustered in accordance with the annual (main crop and ratoon crop) grain yield (i.e., high yield with 11.17–13.10 t ha−1; medium yield with 10.15–10.83 t ha−1; and low yield with 7.16–9.88 t ha−1). In all, 11 rice varieties were identified by a comprehensive evaluation as suitable varieties for grain production in the rice–fish co-culture system. These varieties displayed favorable traits, including a high annual rice yield, strong lodging resistance, and good grain quality. This is the first study to systematically evaluate rice varieties based on grain yield, lodging resistance, and grain quality in rice–fish co-culture systems.

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Lu, Xiyuan, Alessia Lodi, Marina Konopleva et Stefano Tiziani. « Three-Dimensional Leukemia Co-Culture System for In Vitro High-Content Metabolomics Screening ». SLAS DISCOVERY : Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 24, n^o 8 (25 juillet 2019) : 817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555219860446.

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Metabolomics is increasingly applied to investigate different individuals and time-dependent responses to environmental stimuli. Rapid data acquisition and improved detection limits of direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) are paving the way for applications of metabolomics in preclinical screening, opening new opportunities in drug discovery and personalized medicine. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, which mimic the in vivo cell microenvironment, are well recognized as tissue and organ substitutes. Here, we investigated cell viability and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stromal cells cultured in various 3D systems as well as the standard monolayer culture to evaluate which system provides the most favorable growing conditions. The selected 3D system was then tested for use in 3D co-culture of leukemia and stromal cells for DIMS-based high-throughput/high-content metabolic drug screens. The NanobioMatrix–poly(ε-caprolactone) (NBM–PCL) scaffold resulted in the lowest ROS production, supported rapid cell proliferation, and was suitable for the 96- and 384-well plate formats. Doxorubicin treatment in leukemia co-cultured with stromal cells induced some unique metabolic responses that drastically differed from those observed in leukemia cells alone. The DIMS results also showed that the drug-induced metabolic modulations in both normal and cancer cells were weakened by co-culturing even at high treatment doses, thereby demonstrating the value of the 3D co-culture high-content metabolic drug screen. In conclusion, we optimized a high sample throughput method for 3D co-culture with a DIMS-based high-content metabolic drug screen and drug development.

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Forbes, Donna J., Robert S. Pozos et J. Daniel Nelson. « Co-culture of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and corneal epithelium ». Current Eye Research 6, n^o 3 (janvier 1987) : 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688709025207.

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Guérin, Pierre, et Yves Ménézo. « Review : Role of tubal environment in preimplantation embryogenesis : application to co-culture assays ». Zygote 19, n^o 1 (13 juillet 2010) : 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199410000092.

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SummaryThe culture of early preimplantation stage embryo is still delicate and the metabolic pathways of embryos are not completely understood. Embryo needs are evolutionary during the preimplantation development, consequently it is difficult to meet embryo needs in vitro. Culture conditions have to respect several physical and chemical equilibria: such as redox potential, pH, osmotic pressure, metabolic flux of energetic compounds, endogenous pools of amino acids and transcripts, etc. Embryo culture media are generally supplemented with amino acids, glucose, other energetic metabolites and antioxidant compounds, vitamin, and growth factors etc. Furthermore autocrine and paracrine regulation of embryo development probably exist. In fact embryo culture conditions have to be as non-toxic as possible. Various types of co-culture systems have been devised to overcome these problems. Complex interrelations exist between embryos and co-cultured cells. The beneficial effects of co-cultured cells may be due to continuous modifications of the culture medium, i.e. the elimination of toxic compounds and/or the supply of embryotrophic factors.

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Ichikawa, Jun, Atsushi Okada, Kazumi Taguchi, Yasuhiro Fujii, Li Zuo, Kazuhiro Niimi, Shuzo Hamamoto et al. « Increased crystal–cell interaction in vitro under co-culture of renal tubular cells and adipocytes by in vitro co-culture paracrine systems simulating metabolic syndrome ». Urolithiasis 42, n^o 1 (27 octobre 2013) : 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00240-013-0612-5.

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Nguyen, Hong Hai, Hong Ngoc Luong, Ngoc Kim Qui Nguyen, Le Phuong Uyen Nguyen, Phuong Thao Nguyen, Cong Sac Tran et Xuan Thanh Bui. « Effects of settling time on the flocculation progress and treatment performance in the co-culture of microalgae-activated sludge photobioreactor ». Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2022) : 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.64(4).91-95.

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The application of microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems using wastewater as a source of nutrients has been success-fully developed in recent years and has brought about positive results in wastewater treatment and microalgal biomass recovery while producing valuable products. This study presents the application of a microalgae and activated sludge (AS) co-culture in a low agitation photobioreactor (aPBR), which could reduce energy usage. In addition, the results demonstrate the role of settling time on co-culture flocculation progress and wastewater treatment performance. The average Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was up to 76.1% of co-culture and was achieved using a PBR system with a low agitation speed of 80 rpm. Moreover, a high biomass growth was observed to be coupled with high nutrient removal. After 63 days of operation, heavy flocs with excel-lent settling ability were dominant in the photobioreactor. This would be a preliminary step for activated algae granulation in a co-culture system.

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Chiu, C.-H., P. Chen, W.-L. Yeh, A. C.-Y. Chen, Y.-S. Chan, K.-Y. Hsu et K.-F. Lei. « The gelling effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix when exposed to human tenocytes from the rotator cuff in small-diameter culture wells and the design of a co-culture device to overcome this phenomenon ». Bone & ; Joint Research 8, n^o 5 (mai 2019) : 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.85.bjr-2018-0258.r1.

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Objectives Platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) has been proved to enhance tenocyte proliferation but has mixed results when used during rotator cuff repair. The optimal PRFM preparation protocol should be determined before clinical application. To screen the best PRFM to each individual’s tenocytes effectively, small-diameter culture wells should be used to increase variables. The gelling effect of PRFM will occur when small-diameter culture wells are used. A co-culture device should be designed to avoid this effect. Methods Tenocytes harvested during rotator cuff repair and blood from a healthy volunteer were used. Tenocytes were seeded in 96-, 24-, 12-, and six-well plates and co-culture devices. Appropriate volumes of PRFM, according to the surface area of each culture well, were treated with tenocytes for seven days. The co-culture device was designed to avoid the gelling effect that occurred in the small-diameter culture well. Cell proliferation was analyzed by water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) bioassay. Results The relative quantification (condition/control) of WST-1 assay on day seven revealed a significant decrease in tenocyte proliferation in small-diameter culture wells (96 and 24 wells) due to the gelling effect. PRFM in large-diameter culture wells (12 and six wells) and co-culture systems induced a significant increase in tenocyte proliferation compared with the control group. The gelling effect of PRFM was avoided by the co-culture device. Conclusion When PRFM and tenocytes are cultured in small-diameter culture wells, the gelling effect will occur and make screening of personalized best-fit PRFM difficult. This effect can be avoided with the co-culture device. Cite this article: C-H. Chiu, P. Chen, W-L. Yeh, A. C-Y. Chen, Y-S. Chan, K-Y. Hsu, K-F. Lei. The gelling effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix when exposed to human tenocytes from the rotator cuff in small-diameter culture wells and the design of a co-culture device to overcome this phenomenon. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:216–223. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.BJR-2018-0258.R1.

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Gerlach, J. C., J. Encke, O. Hole, C. Müller, J. M. Courtney et P. Neuhaus. « Hepatocyte Culture between Three Dimensionally Arranged Biomatrix-Coated Independent Artificial Capillary Systems and Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Co-Culture Compartments ». International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, n^o 5 (mai 1994) : 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401700508.

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Li, Xiangan, et Michael A. Henson. « Metabolic modeling of bacterial co-culture systems predicts enhanced carbon monoxide-to-butyrate conversion compared to monoculture systems ». Biochemical Engineering Journal 151 (novembre 2019) : 107338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2019.107338.

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Sun, Zhong-Liang, Sheng-Zhang Xue, Cheng-hu Yan, Wei Cong et De-Zhu Kong. « Utilisation of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a gas carrier in microalgal cultivation to enhance CO2utilisation and biomass production ». RSC Advances 6, n^o 4 (2016) : 2703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15391c.

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