Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Clock transition spectroscopy »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Clock transition spectroscopy"

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Sun, Yuxin, Yuan Yao, Yaqin Hao, Hongfu Yu, Yanyi Jiang et Longsheng Ma. « Laser stabilizing to ytterbium clock transition with Rabi and Ramsey spectroscopy ». Chinese Optics Letters 18, no 7 (2020) : 070201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.070201.

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Guo Feng, 郭峰, 孔德欢 Kong Dehuan, 张强 Zhang Qiang, 王叶兵 Wang Yebing et 常宏 Chang Hong. « System Development and Clock Transition Spectroscopy Detection of Transportable 87Sr Optical Clock ». Acta Optica Sinica 40, no 9 (2020) : 0902001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.0902001.

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Wang, Yebing, Xiaotong Lu, Benquan Lu, Dehuan Kong et Hong Chang. « Recent Advances Concerning the 87Sr Optical Lattice Clock at the National Time Service Center ». Applied Sciences 8, no 11 (8 novembre 2018) : 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112194.

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We review recent experimental progress concerning the 87Sr optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center in China. Hertz-level spectroscopy of the 87Sr clock transition for the optical lattice clock was performed, and closed-loop operation of the optical lattice clock was realized. A fractional frequency instability of 2.8 × 10−17 was attained for an averaging time of 2000 s. The Allan deviation is found to be 1.6 × 10−15/τ1/2 and is limited mainly by white-frequency-noise. The Landé g-factors of the (5s2)1S0 and (5s5p)3P0 states in 87Sr were measured experimentally; they are important for evaluating the clock’s Zeeman shifts. We also present recent work on the miniaturization of the strontium optical lattice clock for space applications.
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Bober, M., J. Zachorowski, W. Gawlik, P. Morzyński, M. Zawada, D. Lisak, A. Cygan et al. « Precision spectroscopy of cold strontium atoms, towards optical atomic clock ». Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences : Technical Sciences 60, no 4 (1 décembre 2012) : 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0082-x.

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Abstract This report concerns the experiment of precision spectroscopy of cold strontium atoms in the Polish National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics in Toruń. The system is composed of a Zeeman slower and magneto-optical traps (at 461 nm and 689 nm), a frequency comb, and a narrow-band laser locked to an ultra-stable optical cavity. All parts of the experiment are prepared and the first measurements of the absolute frequency of the 1S0-3P1, 689 nm optical transition in 88Sr atoms are performed.
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YE, JUN, SEBASTIAN BLATT, MARTIN M. BOYD, SETH M. FOREMAN, ERIC R. HUDSON, TETSUYA IDO, BENJAMIN LEV et al. « PRECISION MEASUREMENT BASED ON ULTRACOLD ATOMS AND COLD MOLECULES ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no 12b (décembre 2007) : 2481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011826.

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Ultracold atoms and molecules provide ideal stages for precision tests of fundamental physics. With microkelvin neutral strontium atoms confined in an optical lattice, we have achieved a fractional resolution of 4 × 10-15 on the 1S0–3P0 doubly forbidden 87 Sr clock transition at 698 nm. Measurements of the clock line shifts as a function of experimental parameters indicate systematic errors below the 10-15 level. The ultrahigh spectral resolution permits resolving the nuclear spin states of the clock transition at small magnetic fields, leading to measurements of the 3P0 magnetic moment and metastable lifetime. In addition, photoassociation spectroscopy performed on the narrow 1S0–3P1 transition of 88 Sr shows promise for efficient optical tuning of the ground state scattering length and production of ultracold ground state molecules. Lattice-confined Sr 2 molecules are suitable for constraining the time variation of the proton–electron mass ratio. In a separate experiment, cold, stable, ground state polar molecules are produced from Stark decelerators. These cold samples have enabled an order-of-magnitude improvement in the measurement precision of ground state, Λ doublet microwave transitions in the OH molecule. Comparing the laboratory results to those from OH megamasers in interstellar space will allow a sensitivity of 10-6 for measuring the potential time variation of the fundamental fine structure constant Δα/α over 1010 years. These results have also led to improved understandings of the molecular structure. The study of the low magnetic field behavior of OH in its 2Π3/2 ro-vibronic ground state precisely determines a differential Landé g factor between opposite parity components of the Λ doublet.
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Arata, Toshiaki. « Myosin and Other Energy-Transducing ATPases : Structural Dynamics Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no 2 (20 janvier 2020) : 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020672.

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The objective of this article was to document the energy-transducing and regulatory interactions in supramolecular complexes such as motor, pump, and clock ATPases. The dynamics and structural features were characterized by motion and distance measurements using spin-labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In particular, we focused on myosin ATPase with actin–troponin–tropomyosin, neural kinesin ATPase with microtubule, P-type ion-motive ATPase, and cyanobacterial clock ATPase. Finally, we have described the relationships or common principles among the molecular mechanisms of various energy-transducing systems and how the large-scale thermal structural transition of flexible elements from one state to the other precedes the subsequent irreversible chemical reactions.
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Berdasov, O. I., A. Yu Gribov, G. S. Belotelov, V. G. Pal'chikov, S. A. Strelkin, K. Yu Khabarova, N. N. Kolachevsky et S. N. Slyusarev. « Ultrastable laser system for spectroscopy of the 1S0 – 3P0 clock transition in Sr atoms ». Quantum Electronics 47, no 5 (30 mai 2017) : 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel16346.

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Gribov, A. Y., O. I. Berdasov, G. S. Belotelov, E. F. Stelmashenko, D. V. Sutyrin et S. N. Slyusarev. « The optical frequency standard based on strontium cold atoms ». Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no 12 (2020) : 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-12-22-27.

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The results obtained during the development of an optical frequency standard, based on cold 87Sr atoms are presented. The parameters of experimental optical schemes developed for the realization of all stages of sequential laser cooling and trapping of 87Sr atoms into an optical lattice are described. Clock transition spectroscopy was successfully performed with a spectral transition linewidth of 12 Hz. A measuring scheme based on a femtosecond optical frequency synthesizer has been developed, which makes it possible to compare the optical standard with a hydrogen maser. The created optical frequency standard was included in the primary standard GET 1-2018.
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Wolf, Anne Lisa, Jonas Morgenweg, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, Steven A. van den Berg, Wim Ubachs et Kjeld S. E. Eikema. « Direct frequency-comb spectroscopy of a dipole-forbidden clock transition in trapped Ca^+40 ions ». Optics Letters 36, no 1 (23 décembre 2010) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.000049.

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Chepurov, S. V., A. A. Lugovoy, O. N. Prudnikov, A. V. Taichenachev et S. N. Bagayev. « Spectroscopy of the quadrupole clock transition of ytterbium-171 ions for optical frequency standard development ». Quantum Electronics 49, no 5 (20 mai 2019) : 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel16996.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Clock transition spectroscopy"

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Petersen, Michael. « Laser-cooling of Neutral Mercury and Laser-spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405200.

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Petersen, Michael. « Laser-cooling of neutral mercury and laser-spectroscopy of the 1So-3 Po optical clock transition ». Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066096.

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La thèse détaille les premiers résultats expérimentaux du projet d'horloge à réseau optique de mercure neutre commencé au laboratoire SYRTE de l'Observatoire de Paris. Partant d'un laboratoire vide, le piégeage magnéto-optique du mercure a été obtenu, une source laser ultra stable pour la transition horloge a été réalisée et, pour la première fois au monde, la spectroscopie laser de la transition horloge a été faite, ce qui a permis d'améliorer de plus de 4 ordres de grandeur, la connaissance de la fréquence de cette transition. La spectroscopie de la transition horloge a été réalisée avec une source laser ultra stable à 65. 5 nm. Par comparaison avec un second système laser ultra stable similaire à 1062. 5 nm, nous avons obtenue une stabilité de 8*10^-16 à une seconde. Les résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse démontrent la faisabilité d'une horloge à réseau optique de haute performance utilisant le mercure neutre.
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Paul, Justin Reiford. « Construction and Characterization of a Neutral Hg Magneto-Optical Trap and Precision Spectroscopy of the 6¹S₀ - 6³P₀ Hg¹⁹⁹ Clock Transition ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565889.

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In this dissertation I present theory and experimental results obtained in the Jones research group at the University of Arizona investigating the feasibility of neutral Hg as a candidate for an atomic clock. This investigation includes laser-cooling and trapping of several neutral Hg isotopes as well as spectroscopy of the 6¹S₀ - 6³P₀ doubly forbidden clock transition in neutral Hg¹⁹⁹. We demonstrate precision spectroscopy of the ground state cooling/trapping transition of neutral mercury at 254 nm using an optically pumped semiconductor laser (OPSL). This demonstration exhibits the utility of optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) in the field of precision atomic spectroscopy. The OPSL lases at 1015 nm and is frequency quadrupled to provide the trapping light for the ground state cooling transition. We get up to 1.5 W single-frequency output power having a linewidth of < 10 kHz in the IR with active feedback. We frequency quadruple the OPSL in two external cavity stages to produce up to 120 mW of deep-UV light at 253.7 nm. I give a detailed characterization of the construction and implementation of the neutral Hg vapor cell magneto-optical trap (MOT). The trap can be loaded in as quickly as 75 ms at background vapor pressures below 10⁻⁸ torr. At reduced background pressure (< 10⁻¹⁰ torr) the loading time approaches 2 sec. We describe construction and stabilization of a laser resonant with the Hg¹⁹⁹ clock transition and the methods employed to find and perform the experimentally delicate spectroscopy of the clock transition. We present experimental results and analysis for our initial spectroscopy of the 6¹S₀- 6³P₀ clock transition in the Hg¹⁹⁹ isotope of neutral mercury.
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Paul, Justin Reiford. « Construction and characterization of a neutral Hg magneto-optical trap and precision spectroscopy of the 61S 0 - 63P0 Hg199 clock transition ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717608.

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In this dissertation I present theory and experimental results obtained in the Jones research group at the University of Arizona investigating the feasability of neutral Hg as a candidate for an atomic clock. This investigation includes laser-cooling and trapping of several neutral Hg isotopes as well as spectroscopy of the 61S0 - 6 3P0 doubly forbidden clock transition in neutral Hg199.

We demonstrate precision spectroscopy of the ground state cooling/trapping transition of neutral mercury at 254 nm using an optically pumped semiconductor laser (OPSL). This demonstration exhibits the utility of optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) in the field of precision atomic spectroscopy. The OPSL lases at 1015 nm and is frequency quadrupled to provide the trapping light for the ground state cooling transition. We get up to 1.5 W single-frequency output power having a linewidth of <10 kHz in the IR with active feedback. We frequency quadruple the OPSL in two external cavity stages to produce up to 120 mW of deep-UV light at 253.7 nm.

I give a detailed characterization of the construction and implementation of the neutral Hg vapor cell magneto-optical trap (MOT). The trap can be loaded in as quickly as 75 ms at background vapor pressures below 10-8 torr. At reduced background pressure (<10-10 torr) the loading time approaches ∼2 sec.

We describe construction and stabilization of a laser resonant with the Hg199 clock transition and the methods employed to find and perform the experimentally delicate spectroscopy of the clock transition. We present experimental results and analysis for our initial spectroscopy of the 61S0 - 63 P0 clock transition in the Hg199 isotope of neutral mercury.

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CAPPELLINI, GIACOMO. « Two-orbital quantum physics in Yb Fermi gases exploiting the 1S0 -> ; 3P0 clock transition ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1045924.

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La tesi riguarda lo studio di fenomeni di fisica a due orbitali con atomi fermioni di itterbio. In particolare vengono studiate e caratterizzate le interazioni tra atomi in due stati elettronici e di spin nucleare diverso e come sia possibile controllare la forza di tale interazioni tramite "risonanze di Feshbach orbitali". Nella tesi viene inoltre illustrata la realizzazione di un laser ultrastretto atto ad eccitare la transizione verso lo stato metastabile 3P0 degli atomi di itterbio, stabilizzato sul lungo termine su un link in fibra ottica tra il Laboratorio Europeo di Spettroscopie Nonlineari (LENS) di firenze all'Istituto Italiano di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) di Torino. - This thesis reports on the study of two-orbital physics with fermionic ytterbium atoms. In particular, we study the interactions between atoms in different electronic and nuclear spin states, as well as the possibility to tune the strenght of such interactions through an "orbital Feshbach resonance". The thesis also illustrates the realization of an ultranarrow laser system able to excite the transition to the mestastable 3P0 state of ytterbium, frequency-stabilized on the long term to an optical fiber link that connects the European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) in Florence to the italian National Metrology Institute (INRIM) in Turin.
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Livi, Lorenzo Francesco. « New quantum simulations with ultracold Ytterbium gases ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1126238.

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In this thesis I report on the experimental results obtained during the years of my PhD in the laboratory of the University of Florence devoted to the investigation of quantum degenerate gases of Ytterbium. I discuss the main results that we achieved, focusing the attention on the experiments concerning two main research lines, the first related to the quantum simulation of synthetic gauge fields with ultracold Yb atoms and the second one to the investigation of two-orbital quantum physics exploiting the 1S0->3P0 clock transition. In particular we have been able to unify these fields of research simulating for the first time a synthetic gauge field for neutral atoms exploiting the orbital degree of freedom offered by two-electron atoms. The realization of artificial gauge fields for neutral atoms is a current trend in the context of quantum simulation and several techniques have been proposed and experimentally realized. Here we adopt a recently proposed quantum simulation scheme which relies on the concept of synthetic dimension. In this scheme an internal degree of freedom of the atom is interpreted as an extra dimension of the system and a hybrid 2D ladder is realized combining this synthetic dimension with a real one-dimensional optical lattice. An artificial magnetic field naturally arises in this hybrid 2D lattice as a consequence of the phase imprinted on the atoms by the laser coupling between the synthetic sites. We exploited this scheme in two different experiments with fermionic 173Yb, in which we map the synthetic dimension in the first case on the ground and clock states of the atom and in the second case on the nuclear spin states of the ground level. Couplings between synthetic sites are realized exploiting single-photon clock transitions and two-photon Raman transitions in the first and second experiment respectively. Despite their simplicity these systems feature some fundamental properties of larger quantum Hall bars, one of which is the presence of chiral currents counter-propagating on the synthetic edges. We have been able to induce and detect these chiral currents in ladders characterized by two and three (only in the Raman case) legs. In the case of the clock approach, for which the experimental realization is simpler, we have also been able to tune the artificial magnetic field and characterized for the first time the strength of the currents as a function of the synthetic flux, a result impossible to achieve in real solid-state systems where magnetic fields of the order of several thousand of Tesla would be required. In the three-leg Raman case we have also investigated the dynamics of the system observing the skipping-orbit-like trajectories performed by fermions in the hybrid space after a quenching of the synthetic tunnelling. In another experiment we used the orbital degree of freedom of 173Yb to demonstrate the possibility to implement Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC) with single-photon clock transitions in a system of fermionic atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice, using as pseudospin states the fundamental level 1S0 and the clock state 3P0. This orbital approach to the synthesis of SOC in ultracold gases allows us to overcome some of the limitations imposed by Raman schemes in alkali atoms, where heating due to the presence of intermediate levels has detrimental effects in the observation of many-body processes. The emergence of SOC is detected by evaluating the broadening of the clock spectroscopic response which results from transitions connecting states with different lattice quasimomentum. Our ability to observe these narrow features relies on the high spectroscopic resolution of our clock laser system and is enabled by the long-term stabilization of the laser frequency on the metrological reference delivered by INRiM (the Italian metrological institute) from Turin to Florence through a 642-km-long fiber link. Remarkably, exploiting the long term accuracy provided by the fiber link, we have been able to improve the absolute value of the clock transition in 173Yb by two orders of magnitude with respect to the value previously reported in literature. We exploited the orbital degree of freeedom of 173Yb also to realize a new kind of Feshbach resonance which allows for the tuning of the scattering properties in a mixture of atoms in different orbital states. The possibility to tune interactions by means of standard Feshbach resonances lacked in two-electron atoms due to the absence of a hyperfine structure in the fundamental state. We instead experimentally demonstrated how a similar mechanism is possible also for this class of elements provided that atoms in two different electronic states are considered. In particular, we exploited the orbital Feshbach resonance mechanism to realize a strongly interacting two-orbital gas of 173Yb and characterized the resonance position evaluating the hydrodynamic expansion of the gas. The last part of the thesis reports, instead, some results in which the properties of clock excitation in bosonic 174Yb have been investigated. By means of high resolution spectroscopic measurements on particles confined in 3D optical lattices, the scattering lengths and loss rate coefficients for atoms in different collisional channels involving the ground level 1S0 and the metastable state 3P0 are derived. These quantities, that at our knowledge were still unreported in literature before our work, set important constraints for future experimental studies of two-electron atoms for quantum-technological applications.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Clock transition spectroscopy"

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Mejri, S., M. Petersen, D. V. Magalhaes, C. Mandache, S. Dawkins, R. Chicireanu, Y. Le Coq, A. Clairon et S. Bize. « Toward a mercury optical lattice clock : Spectroscopy of the clock transition in fermionic isotopes ». Dans 2009 Joint Meeting of the European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) and the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/freq.2009.5168305.

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YU. NEVSKY, A., M. EICHENSEER, J. VON ZANTHIER et H. WALTHER. « NARROW LINEWIDTH LASER SYSTEM FOR PRECISE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE INDIUM CLOCK TRANSITION ». Dans Proceedings of the 6th Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777713_0045.

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Lytle, Christian, Justin Paul, Tsung-Han Wu et R. Jason Jones. « Precision spectroscopy of the optical clock transition in laser cooled neutral Hg. » Dans Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C. : OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2014.jtu3a.14.

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PETERSEN, M., J. MILLO, D. V. MAGALHÃES, C. MANDACHE, S. T. DAWKINS, R. CHICIREANU, Y. LECOQ et al. « LNE-SYRTE CLOCK ENSEMBLE : NEW 87Rb HYPERFINE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT - SPECTROSCOPY OF 199Hg AND 201Hg OPTICAL CLOCK TRANSITION ». Dans Proceedings of the 7th Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812838223_0008.

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Zhang, Chuankun, Peng Li, Jie Jiang, Lars von der Wense, Martin E. Fermann et Jun Ye. « A Tunable VUV Frequency Comb for 229mTh Nuclear Spectroscopy ». Dans CLEO : QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2022.fw4j.6.

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We developed a tunable vacuum-ultraviolet frequency comb via cavity-enhanced 7th-harmonic generation. Its tunable spectrum covers a large fraction of the cur-rent 229 m Th nuclear clock transition uncertainty range.
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TAMM, CHR, T. SCHNEIDER et E. PEIK. « SPECTROSCOPY AND PRECISION FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT OF THE 435.5 nm CLOCK TRANSITION OF 171Yb+ ». Dans Proceedings of the 6th Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777713_0041.

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Walther, H. « Spectroscopy of Single Trapped Ions and Application to Frequency Standards ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctud1.

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Single ions trapped and laser cooled provide ideal objects for high resolution spectroscopy and frequency standards. For the latter purpose we are investigating the 5s2 1S0 → 5s5p 3P0 transition of In+. With a natural linewidth of only 1.1 Hz this resonance offers very high resolution and is highly immune to frequency shifts due to external electromagnetic fields, because it connects two levels with vanishing electronic magnetic momenta [1]. The wavelength of this clock transition is 236.5 nm and is technically very convenient, since it coincides with the fourth harmonic of the 946 nm Nd:YAG laser line. So this intrinsically frequency stable solid-state laser can be used to excite the transition [2]. For laser cooling and fluorescence detection of the indium ion the 5s2 1So -> 5s5p 3P1 transition at 230.6 nm can be employed. The use of the relatively narrow intercombination line for laser cooling allows us to study optical sideband cooling in the strong binding regime, where the oscillation frequencies of the ion in the trap (around 1 MHz) are larger than the optical linewidth of 360 kHz. In this parameter range laser cooling is possible to the quantum ground state of the vibrational motion in the trap corresponding to a temperature of roughly 100 μK. The same low temperature was obtained with sideband cooling of a small Coulomb crystal consisting of two ions, creating an interesting new quantum few-particle system.
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Wolf, Anne Lisa, Jonas Morgenweg, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, Steven A. van den Berg, Wim Ubachs et Kjeld S. E. Eikema. « Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in trapped 40Ca+ ions on a dipoleforbidden clock transition ». Dans 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/EQEC. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe.2011.5943528.

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Wood, C. S., S. C. Bennett, D. Cho et C. E. Wieman. « Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy with a Modulated External Cavity Diode Laser ». Dans Semiconductor Lasers : Advanced Devices and Applications. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slada.1995.mb.3.

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The usefulness of stimulated Raman transitions has been demonstrated in a variety of different applications. These two-photon transitions have the capability of very high resolution because the transition linewidths depend on the relative jitter between two frequencies, rather than absolute jitter on either one. Recent demonstrations include laser cooling and atomic interferometry [1]. They may also be needed for improved atomic clocks [2]. Due to this high resolution, stimulated Raman transitions can be a direct replacement for a microwave cavity and are often more compatible with optical experiments because a laser beam requires less space.
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Winters, M. P., John L. Hall et K. P. Dinse. « High-resolution optical multiplex spectroscopy ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wn4.

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We have developed a frequency-multiplex laser spectrometer using the concept of stochastic excitation to provide an effective optical excitation bandwidth of >200 MHz and an inherent spectral resolution of a few kilohertz. A frequency-stabilized Ar+ laser is phase-modulated by a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) running at a clock frequency of 200 MHz. The detected system response to the stochastic optical field is cross-correlated with an identical time-delayed PRBS to give the equivalent of a free induction decay signal. A time-to-frequency transformation then gives the transfer function of the optically absorbing/dispersing system. The calibration and linearity of the frequency axis are dependent only on the oscillator used to clock the PRBS generators, thus avoiding the problems of drift and nonlinearities in ordinary sequential-scan spectroscopy. The multiplexing scheme allows a spectrum to be obtained in much less time than sequential scanning or, equivalently, gives a higher SNR for the same amount of data taking time. We have demonstrated the spectrometer by observing Doppler-free transitions in molecular iodine. We also describe the use of digitally filtered binary sequences and active control of residual amplitude modulation to improve the SNR of the spectrometer and possibilities for increasing the excitation bandwidth of the system.
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