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1
Weber, Olaf. « Climate stress testing in the financial industry ». Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 66 (février 2024) : 101401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101401.
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Sever, Can, et Manuel Perez-Archila. « Climate-Related Stress Testing : Transition Risk in Colombia ». IMF Working Papers 2021, no 261 (novembre 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513599205.001.
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Rogge, Ebbe. « Climate Change Stress Testing for the Banking System ». European Company and Financial Law Review 20, no 4 (30 novembre 2023) : 717–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2023-0026.
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717It is apparent that climate change is creating financial risks. These risks are of such a nature that they can be regarded as systemic: they are exogenous shocks which may simultaneously cause or contribute to the failure of multiple significant financial institutions. As a result, regulatory tools available to monitor and manage systemic risk have recently been deployed in the context of climate change risks. Such tools include stress testing and scenario analysis. This article examines international initiatives, such as those of the Network for Greening the Financial System, as well as specific central bank initiatives including those by the Bank of England. After some initial observations around climate data, stress test design, and central banks’ mandate, this paper continues to discuss further possible inclusion in the prudential regulatory framework. In particular, the question is raised if capital requirements should be adjusted and if changes should be made to the risk management and governance framework. This paper argues in favour of the latter, but is more cautious as regards the former.
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Ebi, Kristie, Peter Berry, Katie Hayes, Christopher Boyer, Samuel Sellers, Paddy Enright et Jeremy Hess. « Stress Testing the Capacity of Health Systems to Manage Climate Change-Related Shocks and Stresses ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no 11 (26 octobre 2018) : 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112370.
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Vulnerability and adaptation assessments can provide valuable input to foster climate-resilient health systems. However, these assessments often do not explore the potential health risks of climate change far outside the range of recent experience with extreme weather events and other climate-related hazards. Climate and health stress tests are designed to increase the capacity of health systems and related sectors to manage potentially disruptive climate-related shocks and stresses. Stress tests focus on hypothetical scenarios, during which it would be difficult for the health system to maintain its essential function of providing services to protect population health. The stress test explores approaches to effectively manage acute and chronic climate-related events and conditions that could directly impact health systems, and climate-related events in non-health sectors that can indirectly impact health outcomes and/or health system function. We provide detailed methods and guidance for conducting climate and health stress tests, centering on three primary activities: (1) preparing and scoping the stress test; (2) successfully conducting the stress test; and (3) communicating the results to key stakeholders to facilitate policy and programmatic reforms.
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Fowler, Keirnan, Natasha Ballis, Avril Horne, Andrew John, Rory Nathan et Murray Peel. « Integrated framework for rapid climate stress testing on a monthly timestep ». Environmental Modelling & ; Software 150 (avril 2022) : 105339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105339.
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Stoelzle, Michael, Maria Staudinger, Kerstin Stahl et Markus Weiler. « Stress testing as complement to climate scenarios : recharge scenarios to quantify streamflow drought sensitivity ». Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 383 (16 septembre 2020) : 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-43-2020.
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Abstract. Precipitation deficits and temperature anomalies are often the main cause for low flows and summer streamflow droughts. However, where groundwater is the main contribution to sustain water availability and ecological integrity during dry spells, the role of recharge and catchment storage is crucial to understand streamflow drought sensitivity. Here we introduce recharge stress tests as complement to climate scenarios to characterize and quantify the streamflow drought sensitivities of catchments. The stress tests are presented by applying them to six headwater catchments in Switzerland with various catchment and streamflow characteristics. The stress tests drive the bucket-type hydrological model HBV in a framework, in which pre-drought recharge conditions can be decreased to test how catchments respond to and recover from drought. We identified an upper limit of stress test durations around 12 months as indicator of maximum recharge- and storage-memory for the study catchments. Varying response on stress testing across the catchments suggests different storage properties and thus different recovery times from drought. From the stress test simulations, we found up to 200 d longer summer streamflow droughts with additional streamflow deficits which account for up to 40 d of median flow. Using a worst-case pre-drought recharge in stress test simulation leads to minimum flow reductions of 50 %–80 % compared with the reference simulation. Based on the results we conclude with recommendations for further stress test research in drought hydrology.
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Plodinec, M. John. « Stress Testing to Assess Recovery from Extreme Events ». Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 18, no 2 (11 mars 2021) : 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2020-0012.
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Abstract Over the last decade, communities have become increasingly aware of the risks they face. They are threatened by natural disasters, which may be exacerbated by climate change and the movement of land masses. Growing globalization has made a pandemic due to the rapid spread of highly infectious diseases ever more likely. Societal discord breeds its own threats, not the least of which is the spread of radical ideologies giving rise to terrorism. The accelerating rate of technological change has bred its own social and economic risks. This widening spectrum of risk poses a difficult question to every community – how resilient will the community be to the extreme events it faces. In this paper, we present a new approach to answering that question. It is based on the stress testing of financial institutions required by regulators in the United States and elsewhere. It generalizes stress testing by expanding the concept of “capital” beyond finance to include the other “capitals” (e.g., human, social) possessed by a community. Through use of this approach, communities can determine which investments of its capitals are most likely to improve its resilience. We provide an example of using the approach, and discuss its potential benefits.
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Kusmarini, Sonia Dwi, et Rifdah Abadiyah. « PERAN STRES KERJA DALAM MEMEDIASI PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI, BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PERAWAT PADA RSU JASEM SIDOARJO ». Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 1, no 3 (2 août 2022) : 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jimak.v1i3.485.
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This study aims to determine the role of work stress in mediating the influence of organizational climate, workload on job satisfaction of nurses at Jasem Sidoarjo General Hospital. This research was conducted on nurses at the Jasem Sidoarjo General Hospital. totaling 53 nurses using a census sampling technique and was classified as a quantitative research type. The data analysis techniques in this research are data quality test, descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing (F test, T test, coefficient of multiple determination (R2) and path analysis) with the help of statistical software IBM SPSS 22. The results of this study prove that organizational climate and workload have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, organizational climate and workload have a positive and significant effect on work stress, work stress has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. So that the intervening variable, namely work stress, does not mediate organizational climate and workload on job satisfaction.
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Jaelani, Dede, et Rika Desiani. « The Effect of Work Stress Job Satisfaction and Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention (Survey on Employees of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia) ». Portofolio : Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi 17, no 1 (29 janvier 2022) : 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/portofolio.v17i1.193.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the description of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Climate and Turnover Intention at PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, to find out how the Effect of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia simultaneously, to determine the Effect of Job Stress on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, to determine the Effect of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, to determine the Influence of Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention of PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia. The results of the discussion show that the statistical hypothesis testing results indicate that overall, there is a significant influence between Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention. Individual test results also show that the variables of Job Stress and Organizational Climate have a significant effect on Turnover Intention, while the Job Satisfaction variable has no significant effect.
The conclusion of this study is that there is a positive and significant effect of Job Stress on Turnover Intention at PT. Allied Industrial Indonesia, meaning that the higher the Work Stress, the higher the Turnover Intention. There is a negative and insignificant effect of Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention, meaning that the higher the Job Satisfaction, the lower the Turnover Intention. There is a negative and significant influence of Organizational Climate on Turnover Intention, meaning that the better the Organizational Climate, the lower the Turnover Intention.
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Breeden, Joseph L. « Impacts of Drought on Loan Repayment ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no 2 (1 février 2023) : 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16020085.
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In order to stress test loan portfolios for the impacts of climate change, historical events need to be analyzed to create templates to stress test for future events. Using the 2012 Midwestern US drought as an example, this work creates a stress-testing template for future droughts. The analysis connects weather and crop yield data to impacts on local macroeconomic conditions by comparing drought-impacted agricultural counties with nearby urban counties. After measuring the net macroeconomic impacts of the drought, this was used as an overlay with existing macroeconomic stress models to stress test a lender in a different part of the US for possible drought impacts. Having a library of such climate events would allow lenders to stress test their portfolios for a wide range of possible impacts.
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Sarinah, Lisa. « STRES KERJA MENGGANGGU KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN KERJA KARYAWAN DI PT. UNITED TRACTORS Tbk JAKARTA ». Komitmen : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen 4, no 1 (31 janvier 2023) : 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jim.v4i1.23809.
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High quality of work life is essential for an organization to continuously attract and retain its employees. So the objective of this research was to find out information about the influence of organizational climate, and job stress on the quality of work life. The primary data for this survey research were collected by using questionnaires that were distributed to 100 employees of United Tractors Ltd in Jakarta. The data were analyzed statistically using path analysis. The result of hypothesis testing showed that all hypotheses were acceptable, it was concluded that organizational climate has a positive and significant direct effect on the quality of work life, job stress has a negative and significant direct effect on the quality of work life, and organizational climate has a negative and significant direct effect on job stress.
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Hayne, Michael, Soline Ralite, Jakob Thomä et Daan Koopman. « Factoring transition risks into regulatory stress-tests : The case for a standardized framework for climate stress testing and measuring impact tolerance to abrupt late and sudden economic decarbonization ». ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 8, no 1 (2019) : 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2019.8.1.013.
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A debate has recently emerged as to whether climate risks may be material for financial stability, driven by a solid body of evidence that climate risks may create value destruction for key industrial sectors that are prominently represented in financial markets. As a result, financial supervisory authorities are starting to explore how these risks can be integrated into existing stress-testing frameworks. This paper proposes a methodology that financial supervisors could follow to build ‘late & sudden’ transition scenarios that could be used as input into either traditional or climate-specific stress-tests of regulated entities. It also proses that supervisors run multiple simulations of these scenarios across regulated entities to inform on systemic and idiosyncratic ‘impact tolerance’ and creation of ‘reverse stress-tests’ enable the setting of minimum capital thresholds. An illustrative application of the process is shown, focusing on listed equity and corporate bonds tied to climate sensitive sectors (fossil fuels, power, steel, cement, automotive and aviation).
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Wu, Yiqun, Camilo Tovar Mora et Tianxiao Zheng. « Stress Testing the Global Economy to Climate Change-Related Shocks in Large and Interconnected Economies ». IMF Working Papers 2022, no 189 (septembre 2022) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400219641.001.
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Bartolucci, Luca, Guido Luciano Genero, Maurizio Pierigè et Fabio Verachi. « Estimation of Flood Risk on a residential mortgages portfolio ». Risk Management Magazine 17, no 2 (25 août 2022) : 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2020rmm0110.
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In the context of the rapid changes that have occurred in recent years, characterized by veritable 'black swans' such as the COVID-19 pandemic and extreme weather events that are occurring with increasing frequency, the issue of climate change has come into the focus of banking regulators and supervisors. Therefore banking institutions, if they are subject to the Single Supervisory Mechanism, have been called upon to develop (and, subsequently, to integrate into their business practices) methodologies for the identification, quantification and management of such risks, mainly under the profiles of: - Transition Risk, associated with policies undertaken by governments to foster climate change mitigation and adaptation; - Physical Risk, associated with the occurrence of extreme climatic events and its impact on the bank's assets. This paper analyzes one of the most significant hazards within the Physical Risk domain, which is Flood Risk. The measurement is focused on the prospective evolution of the flood events on a portfolio of mortgages secured by residential properties. The impact of this risk driver is subsequently reflected through the movement of appropriate transmission mechanisms on the LGD and PD parameters relating to the exposures in the scope. Finally, the effect on loan adjustments is provided, by recalculating the expected losses that result from the stressed projections. The flood risk projection is executed on a long-term timeframe, developing over 3 climate scenarios up to 2050. The choice of this hazard is due to its relevance in terms of frequency of events and harmfulness, a relevance that is confirmed by its inclusion in both the top-down climate stress testing exercises carried out by the ECB and in the bottom-up climate stress testing exercise promoted by the ECB itself in 2022 and carried out by the SSM Banks. A comprehensive simulation framework, structured as follows, is then presented: - a macro-climate scenario simulation engine; - the downscaling of these scenarios to obtain localized climate effects on individual properties; - the transmission of these effects into a depreciation formula for the individual property; - the LGD stress associated with the devaluation of the collateral property, and the PD stress that goes along with it, obtained by correlation.
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Albejaidi, Fahad. « The mediating role of ethical climate between organizational justice and stress : A CB-SEM analysis ». Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no 38 (12 avril 2021) : 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.38.02.8.
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The aim of the current study was to investigate the mediating effect of an ethical climate on the relationship between organizational justice (OJ) and workplace stress. The quantitative survey research design was used and cross sectional data was collected. A structured questionnaire was distributed among the nurses working in different healthcare organizations in the Qassim region. There were total 5542 nurses working in different public and private healthcare organizations. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for selecting sample size. Total 510 completed questionnaires were collected back and used in the study for data analysis. For data analysis AMOS-SEM was used. Measurement and structural models were developed and tested in the current study. Reliability and validity were investigated through measurement model, while for hypotheses testing structural model was developed. Findings of the study indicated that scale used in the study was found reliable and valid. Factor loadings, average variance extracted and construct reliability met the threshold level/standard criteria. Structural model also revealed that ethical climate mediated the relationship between organizational justice (OJ) and stress. This is an original work and contribution to the body of knowledge by extending literature on justice, stress and ethical climate. Presence of justice and ethical climate made it possible for employees to better manage their stress.
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Tsaranov, K. N., A. G. Tarbastaev, R. E. Rakhmatullin, E. M. Klimova, A. N. Kononov, D. N. Protsenko et I. I. Khayrullin. « Adaptation and initial reliability testing of the Russian-language version of the safety attitudes questionnaire for medical organizations ». Manager Zdravoochranenia, no 2 (1 février 2022) : 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2022-2-57-64.
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The article presents the results of adaptation and initial reliability testing of the Russian version of the safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) for medical organizations. The reliability of using the questionnaire has been proven: all scales have high internal consistency and correlate with original factors. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the features of the seven-factor structure of the Russian version of the questionnaire are shown: 1. teamwork climate; 2. safety climate; 3. job satisfaction; 4. stress recognition; 5. perceptions of management (department level); 6. perceptions of management (hospital level); 7. working conditions.
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Pradoto, Herlam, Siswoyo Haryono et Sri Handari Wahyuningsih. « The role of work stress, organizational climate, and improving employee performance in the implementation of work from home ». Work 71, no 2 (18 février 2022) : 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-210678.
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BACKGROUND: The spread of COVID-19 around the world has caused many undesirable effects on human health. The pandemic forced the employees to resort to Remote Work (RW)/Work from Home (WFH) according to the nature of the jobs. Consequently, organizations, business process and results are affected and organizational and commercial activities are significantly reduced. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of work stress and organizational climate on employee performance in the context of WFH in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). METHOD: This study used a purposive sampling strategy and determined using the Slovin equation and equals 95 employees in marketing, business restructuring and finance. The Partial Least Square (PLS) approach and and the SmartPLS version 3.0 software for data analysis processing procedures for hypothesis testing were used. RESULTS: The results revealed that the organizational environment has a negative and significant effect on job stress. Furthermore, job stress had a negative impact on employee performance and the organizational climate had a favorable and considerable impact on employee performance. CONCLUSION: The lower the level of work stress, the higher the employee performance, and vice versa. Organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, which means that the organization’s climate is conducive, so the employee performance will increase and vice versa.
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Oura, Hiroko, Fabian Lipinsky, Stephane Hallegatte, Paola Morales, Nicola Ranger, Martijn Gert Jan Regelink et Henk Jan Reinders. « Bank Stress Testing of Physical Risks under Climate Change Macro Scenarios : Typhoon Risks to the Philippines ». IMF Working Papers 2022, no 163 (août 2022) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400217258.001.
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Schweger, Charles E., et Michael Hickman. « Holocene paleohydrology of central Alberta : testing the general-circulation-model climate simulations ». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no 9 (1 septembre 1989) : 1826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-155.
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Paleoecological investigations of 28 lakes and bogs provide the basis for a Holocene paleohydrological record for central Alberta. Shallow basins, empty during the early Holocene, began flooding shortly after 8000 years ago; most filled from 6500 to 4500 years ago, and none filled later than 3000 years ago. Pollen of a hypersaline indicator genus, Ruppia, was found in cores of lakes where the plant does not presently grow, indicating lower lake levels, evaporation stress, and increased salinity from 8000 to 3000 years ago. Moore Lake (54°30′N, 100°30′W) may have dropped 15 m from 9200 to 5900 years ago, and Lofty Lake (54°44′N, 112°29′W) largely dried up between 8700 and 6300 years ago. Lower water levels are suggested for several lakes by shifts in fossil diatom populations from planktonic to benthic, particularly epipelic species including pioneering taxa. These shallow, warm lakes were highly productive and sedimentary pigment levels reached maximum values between about 9000 and 4000 years ago.The paleohydrological record indicates early Holocene aridity, with the onset and development of moister conditions between 8000 and 3000 years ago, by which time modern climatic and vegetation conditions had been established. This record fits the Holocene climate predicted by the general-circulation-model simulations based on orbital perturbations.
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Redman, Regina S., Yong Ok Kim, Sang Cho, Malia Mercer, Melissa Rienstra, Ryan Manglona, Taylor Biaggi et al. « A Symbiotic Approach to Generating Stress Tolerant Crops ». Microorganisms 9, no 5 (25 avril 2021) : 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050920.
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Studies were undertaken to determine if fungal endophytes from plants in stressful habitats could be commercialized to generate climate resilient crop plants. Fungal endophytes were isolated from weedy rice plants and grasses from South Korea and the USA, respectively. Endophytes (Curvularia brachyspora and Fusarium asiaticum) from weedy rice plants from high salt or drought stressed habitats in South Korea conferred salt and drought stress tolerance to weedy rice and commercial varieties reflective of the habitats from which they were isolated. Fungal endophytes isolated from grasses in arid habitats of the USA were identified as Trichoderma harzianum and conferred drought and heat stress tolerance to monocots and eudicots. Two T. harzianum isolates were exposed to UV mutagenesis to derive strains resistant to fungicides in seed treatment plant protection packages. Three strains that collectively had resistance to commonly used fungicides were used for field testing. The three-strain mixture (ThSM3a) increased crop yields proportionally to the level of stress plants experienced with average yields up to 52% under high and 3–5% in low stress conditions. This study demonstrates fungal endophytes can be developed as viable commercial tools for rapidly generating climate resilient crops to enhance agricultural sustainability.
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Feridun, Mete, et Hasan Güngör. « Climate-Related Prudential Risks in the Banking Sector : A Review of the Emerging Regulatory and Supervisory Practices ». Sustainability 12, no 13 (1 juillet 2020) : 5325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135325.
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This article reviews emerging regulatory and supervisory practices with respect to prudential risks from climate change in the banking sector. It evaluates the theoretical considerations with respect to climate-related financial risks in the banking sector, reviews the related academic literature, and analyzes the policy-related publications from various regulatory authorities. As a result of this assessment, the article concludes that the major regulatory and supervisory expectations can be categorized into four key areas: (i) board-level attention to climate risks and integrating them into internal governance frameworks, (ii) embedding climate risks into strategies and overall risk management frameworks, (iii) identifying climate-related material exposures and disclosure of relevant key metrics, and (iv) assessing capital impact from climate risk through scenario analysis and stress testing. The article also presents a number of implications for banks and banking regulators in other jurisdictions to help them identify the actions required to address climate change risks in the banking sector.
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Suleymanov, Alfred M., Ekaterina B. Tuisina, L. N. Shafigullin, Roman Rinberg et Azat T. Gabdrakhmanov. « Accelerated Weathering Testing of Polypropylene Tank Materials ». Materials Science Forum 1037 (6 juillet 2021) : 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.154.
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Polypropylene expansion tanks have been subjected to accelerated weathering testing according to the developed procedure of accelerated weathering testing. The objective of the study was to determine an arbitrary lifetime of tanks under operating conditions at higher temperatures, humidity, and UV radiation (climate regions of India and Venezuela). As a result of the studies of the polypropylene expansion tanks the following has been established: the failure of the both tank types (A and B) occurred in the area of the weld in the upper and lower part after four arbitrary years of accelerated weathering testing; the stress-strain behaviour in the outer tank walls is influenced by the interior structure of the partitions. The tanks with a larger opening in the partitions feature significant deformations when the inner pressure increases as a result of a higher temperature; the “sensitive indicators” of ageing and failure of the tank material have been found: elongation at break, flexural modulus, and impact strength.
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Elvanidi, Angeliki, et Nikolaos Katsoulas. « Machine Learning-Based Crop Stress Detection in Greenhouses ». Plants 12, no 1 (22 décembre 2022) : 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010052.
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Greenhouse climate control systems are usually based on greenhouse microclimate settings to exert any control. However, to save energy, water and nutrients, additional parameters related to crop performance and physiology will have to be considered. In addition, detecting crop stress before it is clearly visible by naked eye is an advantage that could aid in microclimate control. In this study, a Machine Learning (ML) model which takes into account microclimate and crop physiological data to detect different types of crop stress was developed and tested. For this purpose, a multi-sensor platform was used to record tomato plant physiological characteristics under different fertigation and air temperature conditions. The innovation of the current model lies in the integration of photosynthesis rate (Ps) values estimated by means of remote sensing using a photochemical reflectance index (PRI). Through this process, the time-series Ps data were combined with crop leaf temperature and microclimate data by means of the ML model. Two different algorithms were evaluated: Gradient Boosting (GB) and MultiLayer perceptron (MLP). Two runs with different structures took place for each algorithm. In RUN 1, there were more feature inputs than the outputs to build a model with high predictive accuracy. However, in order to simplify the process and develop a user-friendly approach, a second, different run was carried out. Thus, in RUN 2, the inputs were fewer than the outputs, and that is why the performance of the model in this case was lower than in the case of RUN 1. Particularly, MLP showed 91% and 83% accuracy in the training sample, and 89% and 82% in testing sample, for RUNs 1 and 2, respectively. GB showed 100% accuracy in the training sample for both runs, and 91% and 83% in testing sample in RUN 1 and RUN 2, respectively. To improve the accuracy of RUN 2, a larger database is required. Both models, however, could easily be incorporated into existing greenhouse climate monitoring and control systems, replacing human experience in detecting greenhouse crop stress conditions.
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Oktaviani, Devina Nur, et Nur Irmayanti. « PENGARUH STRESS KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN ». PSIKOWIPA (Psikologi Wijaya Putra) 2, no 1 (6 juillet 2021) : 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38156/psikowipa.v2i1.43.
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Employee performance is the work of individuals in carrying out their duties, responsibilities and demands set by the company to achieve job requirements that have been determined by the company. Factors that can affect performance are work stress, physical, health, work environment, climate, length of time working, knowledge and skills. This study aims to determine the effect of work stress with employee performance. The dat research method used is product moment correlation by testing the work stress scale and employee performance scale. Based on the calculation results obtained the value of the correlation coefficient (rxy) of -0.158; p > 0.272. By using the significant limit = 0.05, we get an R table of 0.273. From these results, the test criteria are R count < R table -0.158 < 0.273, which means Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. Thus, the product moment correlation test hypothesis on teh work stress variable has a negative and significant effect on employee performance.
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Nimmala, Rohit. « Enhancing Financial Risk Management : Utilizing Machine Learning in Climate Risk Model Benchmarking ». Journal of Mathematical & ; Computer Applications 2, no 1 (31 mars 2023) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jmca/2023(2)146.
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This paper investigates the convergence of machine learning (ML) and climate risk modeling in the financial industry, focusing on applying ML methods to improve the validation of climate risk models. In light of the growing significance of precisely evaluating and controlling climate-related risks within the financial sector, conventional models demonstrate their inadequacies in confronting the intricacies and unpredictability of climate change. By conducting an extensive analysis of bottom-up and top-down modeling methodologies, this research emphasizes using machine learning algorithms to bolster the reliability of financial risk assessments, control non-linearities, and enhance predictive accuracy. The innovative applications of ML in scenario analysis, stress testing, and model performance evaluation on out-of-sample data are explored, along with the difficulties of model validation. This paper enhances the ongoing discussion on improving frameworks for climate risk modeling by highlighting emerging trends and best practices in integrating physical and transition risk factors. The results emphasize the critical importance of machine learning in revolutionizing financial risk management approaches to more effectively navigate the uncertainties associated with climate change.
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Syngelaki, Eleni, Mareike Daubert, Simone Klatt et Elvira Hörandl. « Phenotypic Responses, Reproduction Mode and Epigenetic Patterns under Temperature Treatments in the Alpine Plant Species Ranunculus kuepferi (Ranunculaceae) ». Biology 9, no 10 (29 septembre 2020) : 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9100315.
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Plant life in alpine habitats is shaped by harsh abiotic conditions and cold climates. Phenotypic variation of morphological characters and reproduction can be influenced by temperature stress. Nevertheless, little is known about the performance of different cytotypes under cold stress and how epigenetic patterns could relate to phenotypic variation. Ranunculus kuepferi, a perennial alpine plant, served as a model system for testing the effect of cold stress on phenotypic plasticity, reproduction mode, and epigenetic variation. Diploid and autotetraploid individuals were placed in climate growth cabinets under warm and cold conditions. Morphological traits (height, leaves and flowers) and the proportion of well-developed seeds were measured as fitness indicators, while flow cytometric seed screening (FCSS) was utilized to determine the reproduction mode. Subsequently, comparisons with patterns of methylation-sensitive amplified fragment-length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were conducted. Diploids grew better under warm conditions, while tetraploids performed better in cold treatments. Epigenetic patterns were correlated with the expressed morphological traits. Cold stress reduced the reproduction fitness but did not induce apomixis in diploids. Overall, our study underlines the potential of phenotypic plasticity for acclimation under environmental conditions and confirms the different niche preferences of cytotypes in natural populations. Results help to understand the pattern of geographical parthenogenesis in the species.
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Kimberly, David A., et Christopher J. Salice. « Evolutionary responses to climate change and contaminants : Evidence and experimental approaches ». Current Zoology 61, no 4 (1 août 2015) : 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.690.
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Abstract A fundamental objective within ecotoxicology lies in understanding and predicting effects of contaminants. This objective is made more challenging when global climate change is considered as an environmental stress that co-occurs with contaminant exposure. In this multi-stressor context, evolutionary processes are particularly important. In this paper, we consider several non-”omic” approaches wherein evolutionary responses to stress have been studied and discuss those amenable to a multiple stressor context. Specifically, we discuss common-garden designs, artificial and quasi-natural selection, and the estimation of adaptive potential using quantitative genetics as methods for studying evolutionary responses to contaminants and climate change in the absence of expensive molecular tools. While all approaches shed light on potential evolutionary impacts of stressor exposure, they also have limitations. These include logistical constraints, difficulty extrapolating to real systems, and responses tied strongly to specific taxa, populations, and/or testing conditions. The most effective way to lessen these inherent limitations is likely through inclusion of complementary physiological and molecular tools, when available. We believe that an evolutionary context to the study of contaminants and global climate change is a high priority in ecotoxicology and we outline methods that can be implemented by almost any researcher but will also provide valuable insights.
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Amo-Bediako, Emmanuel, Oliver Takawira et Ireen Choga. « The impact of climate change on the resilience of banking systems in selected Sub-Saharan economies ». International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 17, no 2 (16 octobre 2023) : 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v17i2.1203.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate change is seen as a peril to the overall financial system, yet this revelation is in its infant stage. On that note, this study investigates the impact of climate change shocks on banking system resilience in selected Sub-Saharan economies. The study relies on a quantitative research method by first employing a Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) model to forecast the volatility series of the climate change variables. Further, the study applies the panel ARDL model to disseminate the long- and short-term associations between the obtained conditional variances of climate change parameters and banking system resilience within a time frame of 1996-2017 for 29 selected economies. The results show that banking systems in SSA are resilient to temperature shocks in the long-term. However, the study finds that the banking systems in SSA are not resilient to both precipitation and greenhouse gas shocks in the long-term. For the short-term impact assessment, the study finds that banking systems in SSA are resilient to only precipitation shocks. The study concludes that banking sectors in SSA should vigorously conduct stress-testing on climate-related financial risks and also design forward-looking strategies as well as climate change risk management procedures in the wake of climate change events.
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Suratman, Andriyastuti. « THE IMPORTANCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CLIMATE’S EFFECTS TOWARD EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ». Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis dan Ekonomi Asia 15, no 2 (29 septembre 2021) : 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32815/jibeka.v15i2.287.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study is to determine a relationship model between Psychological Climate (PC) toward performance within job stress and job satisfaction as a mediator. Primary data were obtained by distributing online questionnaires. The population in this research is the teachers of educational institutions in Indonesia. Obtained 161 people with minimum requirements have worked for one year at the institution (purposive sampling). This research uses validity and reliability test, goodness-of-fit model assumption, and hypothesis testing with SEM analysis of Amos 18.0. Based on data analyzed, four of eight hypotheses proposed are have significant influence; 1) PC on job satisfaction, 2) stress on performance, 3) job satisfaction on performance, and 4) there is a role for job satisfaction in mediating the influence of PC on performance. In addition, there are insignificant effects; 1) PC on stress, 2) PC on performance, 3) job stress on job satisfaction, and 4) job stress have no a significant effect as a mediator between PC on performance.
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Nieto, Maria J. « Banks, climate risk and financial stability ». Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 27, no 2 (13 mai 2019) : 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-03-2018-0043.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose This paper aims to quantify the (syndicated) loan exposure to elevated environmental risk sectors of the banking system in the USA, EU, China, Japan and Switzerland at US$1.6tn and to highlight its importance, which ranges from 3.8 (USA) to 0.5 per cent (China) in terms of total national banking assets. The paper highlights the relevance of exploring prudential policy responses, including a harmonized taxonomy, statistical and reporting framework that could contribute to internalizing the negative externalities associated with climate risks by both banks and their supervisors. Among the prudential supervisory tools, credit registers facilitate the assessment of environmental risk drivers in “carbon stress tests.” This paper also presents a framework of analysis for the regulatory treatment of climate-related risks. Design/methodology/approach Similarly to Weyzig et al. (2014), this paper uses financial databases on the banks’ role as book runners for syndicated loans; that is, as the lead arrangers who also provide a large share of the actual lending. Loans are outstanding on December 31, 2014, and the paper assumes linear amortization of loans issued before that date and with maturity after that date. This study includes the largest banks from the above-mentioned countries with financial information available in SNL Financial and EU banks with financial information available in the ECB database on December 31, 2014. By assessing the relative share of the ten largest (or total reporting if less) banks’ exposure to each high environmental risk sector in relation to their total assets, these findings can be extrapolated across sectors in the respective country. Findings This paper quantifies the loan exposure to elevated environmental risk sectors of the banking system in the USA, EU, China, Japan and Switzerland in US$1.6tn, broadly in line with the findings of Battiston et al. (2017) and Weyzig et al. (2014). This paper also explores prudential policy approaches and tools. In addition to the lack of taxonomy of “brown” vs “green,” the paper identifies the limitations to assess the risks involved in the transition to a low-carbon economy: supervisory reports that do not make full use of the existing international statistical framework (e.g. EU COREP and FINREP); lack of harmonized reporting requirements of environmental risks; lack of credit registers as tools to perform carbon stress-testing; and supervisors’ governance framework that do not internalize environmental risks (e.g. proposed revision of the Basel Core Principles of Banking Supervision). As per the stress-testing, the paper presents two examples. The paper presents a framework of analysis for the regulatory treatment of climate-related risks. The author identifies two critical elements of such framework if prudential regulation of environmental risks is to be considered: the consideration or not of climate risk as credit risk and the impact of environmental risks over probabilities of default over the entire business cycle. Research limitations/implications No internationally accepted “official” taxonomy of high environmental risk sectors exists. This paper uses Moody’s (2015a) classification of sectors according to their environmental risk exposure. This paper’s exposures do not reflect the real risk exposure of these institutions and the banking industry as a whole because, as explained in Page 6, these values are without regard to bilateral loans and guarantees and securitizations of loans; in the case of loans to power generation companies, renewable sources are not excluding and, similarly, for the production of electric vehicles, loans are not excluded. Furthermore, this paper does not assess banks’ exposures to sovereigns subject to high environmental risks and bonds and equity issued by corporations operating in high environmental risk sectors. Practical implications Contribution to the present policy debate on how to regulate banks’ exposure to high environmental risk and how to manage the transition to a low-carbon economy. Social implications This paper can increase awareness of the banking sector transition risks to a low-carbon economy. Originality/value This paper quantifies banks direct exposures to high environmental risk sectors using an ample definition of sectors exposed to environmental risk. The author suggests policy actions to assess the environmental risks. The author defines a regulatory framework for banks to internalize the negative externalities of environmental risks.
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Hạ, Thị Thiều Dao, et Chí Minh Lê. « Climate-related financial risk supervision framework of the State Bank of Vietnam ». Tạp chí Kinh tế - Luật và Ngân hàng, no 263 (avril 2024) : 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.59276/jelb.2024.04.2637.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate change is happening rapidly and poses a significant risk to the global economy. International organizations have issued many regulations to manage and supervise climate-related financial risk (CRFR) to ensure the financial system’s safety. This paper uses the content analysis method to evaluate the CRFR monitoring framework of the State Bank of Vietnam compared with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The results show that the CRFR supervision framework in Vietnam is still under development; the regulations and guidelines are not specific and not yet in line with the international framework, such as not clearly defining the responsibilities of senior management in CRFR monitoring, not providing guidance on the implementation, evaluation, and monitoring of the results of scenario analysis and stress testing on the resilience of banks to climate change, not clearly announcing the monitoring objectives and improving the quality of supervisors, and not requiring financial institutions to disclose information related to CRFR.
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Jones, Tara-Kay L., Raul F. Medina et Julio S. Bernal. « Effects of Phloem-Feeding Pest, Dalbulus maidis on Morphological Expression of Drought-Tolerant Traits in Maize ». Stresses 2, no 3 (1 septembre 2022) : 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses2030023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Drought is amongst the most important stressors affecting maize production globally. Existing strategies to offset drought impacts are centered around the rapid development of drought-tolerant cultivars through plant breeding. However, under both current conditions and projected climate changes, additional stressors such as insect pests will co-occur. To determine the impact of combined insect and drought stress on drought tolerance in maize, we assessed the effects of Dalbulus maidis, drought, and both stresses combined in drought-tolerant maize hybrids. We measured several maize morphological growth traits (i.e., plant height, stem diameter, shoot weight, root weight, root length, and root-to-shoot ratio) at the end of a 28-day period of pulse-stress and no-stress control exposure. We found that seedling growth declined when both stressors co-occurred. Nevertheless, drought-tolerant maize hybrids remained strongly tolerant to drought regardless of D. maidis infestation. While our results showed that drought tolerance is maintained in drought-tolerant maize seedlings, future studies should address any effects on maize yield. Our study highlights the importance of testing the combined effects of drought and insect stressors to better predict insect–plant interactions in the context of plant breeding for drought-tolerant traits in a changing climate.
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Nikolopoulos, Dionysios, Panagiotis Kossieris, Ioannis Tsoukalas et Christos Makropoulos. « Stress-Testing Framework for Urban Water Systems : A Source to Tap Approach for Stochastic Resilience Assessment ». Water 14, no 2 (7 janvier 2022) : 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020154.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Optimizing the design and operation of an Urban Water System (UWS) faces significant challenges over its lifespan to account for the uncertainties of important stressors that arise from population growth rates, climate change factors, or shifting demand patterns. The analysis of a UWS’s performance across interdependent subsystems benefits from a multi-model approach where different designs are tested against a variety of metrics and in different times scales for each subsystem. In this work, we present a stress-testing framework for UWSs that assesses the system’s resilience, i.e., the degree to which a UWS continues to perform under progressively increasing disturbance (deviation from normal operating conditions). The framework is underpinned by a modeling chain that covers the entire water cycle, in a source-to-tap manner, coupling a water resources management model, a hydraulic water distribution model, and a water demand generation model. An additional stochastic simulation module enables the representation and modeling of uncertainty throughout the water cycle. We demonstrate the framework by “stress-testing” a synthetic UWS case study with an ensemble of scenarios whose parameters are stochastically changing within the UWS simulation timeframe and quantify the uncertainty in the estimation of the system’s resilience.
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Herceg, A., P. Kalicz, B. Kisfaludi et Z. Gribovszki. « A Monthly-Step Water Balance Model to Evaluate the Hydrological Effects of Climate Change on a Regional Scale for Irrigation Design ». Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjce-2016-0019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractCurrent and ongoing changes in the climate are typified by a rise in global temperatures. Climate change can have a dramatic impact on the water cycle. The aim of this paper was to develop a model based on Thornthwaite-type monthly water balance estimations. The main goals were to calibrate the model parameters using a remote sensing-based evapotranspiration dataset. The calibrated model was used for projection on the basis of four climate model datasets (remo, dmihirham5, smhirca.bcm, knmiracmo2). The four main projection periods were: 1980-2010, 2010-2040, 2040-2070, and 2070-2100. The advantage of this model is its robust structure. It can be applied if temperature and precipitation time series are available. The key parameter is the water storage capacity of the soil (SOILMAX), which can be calibrated using the actual evapotranspiration data available. If the physical properties of the soil are known, the maximal rooting depth is also projectable. The model can be primarily used at the catchment level or for areas without additional amounts of water from below. For testing the model, a mixed parcel of land that is used as a cornfield near Mosonmagyaróvár and a small, forest-covered catchment near Sopron were successfully used as the datasets. Furthermore, we determined the water stress with the calculation of the relative extractable water (REW), soil water deficit (SWD), and the water stress index (IS).
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Friend, Scott B., Fernando Jaramillo et Jeff S. Johnson. « Ethical Climate at the Frontline : A Meta-Analytic Evaluation ». Journal of Service Research 23, no 2 (8 janvier 2020) : 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670519898261.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Long-term customer relationships develop over repeated interactions, underscoring the importance of frontline employees (FLEs) engaging in ethical behaviors. Therefore, organizations must understand how a strong ethical climate (EC) may affect attitudes and behaviors among FLEs. This study reviews frontline-related EC research and employs a meta-analytic approach to investigate the direct, indirect, and contingent effects of EC on FLE actions, attitudes, and outcomes. The authors reviewed 67 frontline-related studies comprising a sample of 21,118 respondents to assess meta-analytic associations and derive a model for structural testing. The findings from this study show that a strong EC drives customer-oriented behaviors, fosters desirable job attitudes, reduces felt stress, increases perceived performance, and decreases turnover intentions among FLEs. The strength of theses associations is often predicated on individual-level (FLE experience), study-level (response rate), and country-level (perceived corruption, individualism/collectivism) factors. This study offers theoretical and managerial contributions germane to multiple uncertainties in service literature about EC’s implications on FLEs, including EC’s ability to break through sources of tension-facing FLEs, the mediated nature of EC’s impact on perceived performance through frontline actions, and the generalizability of the economic and human benefits of EC across service contexts and frontline roles that foster greater diffusion in practice.
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Conway, Lucian Gideon, Linus Chan, Shailee R. Woodard et Mohsen Joshanloo. « Proximal versus distal ecological stress : Socio-ecological influences on political freedom, well-being, and societal confidence in 159 nations ». Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9, no 1 (26 juillet 2021) : 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.5927.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous work from a socio-ecological perspective reveals that ecological stress has important effects on political, cultural, and psychological outcomes. However, that work has been limited by (1) a focus on distal forms of ecological stress that are hard for societies to control, and (2) a lack of large-scale conceptual replications. The present study aims to fill in these gaps by simultaneously testing the effects of both more distal ecological stress (e.g., climate) and more proximal ecological stress (e.g., water quality) on political restriction, political freedom, well-being, and societal confidence measurements. In a sample from the Gallup World Poll spanning over one and a half million participants and 159 nations, we found that while both kinds of ecological stress measurements predicted greater vertical political restriction, reduced horizontal political restriction, reduced well-being, and reduced freedom, only proximal forms of ecological stress predicted a loss in societal confidence. These results not only provide key conceptual replications of prior studies on new data, they also add previously unstudied outcomes and new ecological stressors. As a result, they help us better understand contributing factors to key societal issues such as freedom, well-being, and societal confidence.
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Várgedő, Bálint. « Climate Stress Test : The Impact of Carbon Price Shock on the Probability of Default in the Hungarian Banking System ». Financial and Economic Review 21, no 4 (2022) : 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.4.57.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study presents the methodology and results of a transition risk climate stress test carried out for credit institutions, focusing on the methodology of a sectoral module developed for the analysis. Using a sectoral network derived from an inputoutput table, the sectoral module distributes a price shock between activities with higher greenhouse gas emission intensity and the related sectors. Results suggest that the sectors with the largest exposure to transition are electricity and gas supply. The probability of default for these two sectors may increase by 1.5 to 2.3 percentage points compared to the baseline. The transition risks for various sectors are highly heterogeneous. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the extent of the transition risks for Hungarian banks also varies significantly. The advantage of this methodology lies in its ability to estimate the magnitude of macroeconomic shocks and the transition differences across sectors, and its ease of integration into stress testing processes.
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Kireev, Sergey Yu, Svetlana N. Kireeva, Anatoly Frolov, Alfiya Yangurazova et Konstantin Anopin. « Electroplating of Indium-Cadmium and Tin-Cadmium Alloy Coatings ». Materials Science Forum 1049 (11 janvier 2022) : 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1049.124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Technological parameters for electroplating cadmium alloy (Cd (24)-In and Cd (33)-Sn) coatings from low toxic solutions have been proposed. Since the fabricated alloy coatings possess low internal stress and microhardness, good adhesion property, high corrosion and wear resistance, they can be used as protective coatings for machine building products to enhance reliability and operability thereof. The presence of good solderability and low values of transient electric resistance in climatic testing favor these coatings to be applied in hetero-structured contact systems of instrument making products for increasing their reliability and operability in a tropical marine climate.
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Bard, Brittany, et James D. Kieffer. « The effects of repeat acute thermal stress on the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and physiology of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no 6 (juin 2019) : 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818) is a species of special concern in Canada, but little is known about their thermal biology. Information on the upper thermal tolerance of shortnose sturgeon becomes valuable for predicting future survival particularly with climate change and improving species management. Using a modified critical thermal maximum (CTmax) methodology, the objective is to determine whether previous thermal stress affects the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when exposed to a second thermal stress event. Prior exposure to thermal stress (CTmax1) did not affect the thermal tolerance (CTmax2) of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when a 24 h recovery period was allotted between tests. However, a significant increase in thermal tolerance occurred when the recovery time between the two thermal challenges was 1 h. Plasma glucose, lactate, and osmolality were all significantly affected by thermal stress, but values returned to control levels within 24 h. Hematocrit and plasma chloride concentrations were not significantly affected by thermal stress. All fish survived the CTmax testing. The data indicate that the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon is modified when multiple thermal stresses occur closer together (1 h) but not if separated by a longer time period (24 h).
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Flantua, S. G. A., H. Hooghiemstra, M. Vuille, H. Behling, J. F. Carson, W. D. Gosling, I. Hoyos et al. « Climate variability and human impact on the environment in South America during the last 2000 years : synthesis and perspectives ». Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no 4 (29 juillet 2015) : 3475–565. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-3475-2015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. An improved understanding of present-day climate variability and change relies on high-quality data sets from the past two millennia. Global efforts to reconstruct regional climate modes are in the process of validating and integrating paleo-proxies. For South America, however, the full potential of vegetation records for evaluating and improving climate models has hitherto not been sufficiently acknowledged due to its unknown spatial and temporal coverage. This paper therefore serves as a guide to high-quality pollen records that capture environmental variability during the last two millennia. We identify the pollen records with the required temporal characteristics for PAGES-2 ka climate modelling and we discuss their sensitivity to the spatial signature of climate modes throughout the continent. Diverse patterns of vegetation response to climate change are observed, with more similar patterns of change in the lowlands and varying intensity and direction of responses in the highlands. Pollen records display local scale responses to climate modes, thus it is necessary to understand how vegetation-climate interactions might diverge under variable settings. Additionally, pollen is an excellent indicator of human impact through time. Evidence for human land use in pollen records is useful for archaeological hypothesis testing and important in distinguishing natural from anthropogenically driven vegetation change. We stress the need for the palynological community to be more familiar with climate variability patterns to correctly attribute the potential causes of observed vegetation dynamics. The LOTRED-SA-2 k initiative provides the ideal framework for the integration of the various paleoclimatic sub-disciplines and paleo-science, thereby jumpstarting and fostering multi-disciplinary research into environmental change on centennial and millennial time scales.
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Mayfield, Anderson B., et Chiahsin Lin. « Field-Testing a Proteomics-Derived Machine-Learning Model for Predicting Coral Bleaching Susceptibility ». Applied Sciences 13, no 3 (29 janvier 2023) : 1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031718.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Given the widespread decline of coral reefs, temperature-focused models have been generated to predict when and where bleaching events may occur (e.g., Coral Reef Watch). Although such algorithms are adept at forecasting the onset of bleaching in many areas, they suffer from poor predictive capacity in regions featuring corals that have adapted or acclimatized to life in marginal environments, such as reefs of the Florida Keys (USA). In these locales, it may instead be preferred to use physiological data from the corals themselves to make predictions about stress tolerance. Herein proteomic data from both laboratory and field samples were used to train neural networks and other machine-learning models to predict coral bleaching susceptibility in situ, and the models’ accuracies were field-tested with massive corals (Orbicella faveolata) sampled across a 2019 bleaching event. The resulting artificial intelligence was capable of accurately predicting whether or not a coral would bleach in response to high temperatures based on its protein signatures alone, meaning that this approach could consequently be of potential use in delineating O. faveolata climate resilience.
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Del Pino, Alberto Marco, Luca Regni, Alessandro Di Michele, Alessandra Gentile, Daniele Del Buono, Primo Proietti et Carlo Alberto Palmerini. « Effects of Selenium-Methionine against Heat Stress in Ca2+-Cytosolic and Germination of Olive Pollen Performance ». Agriculture 12, no 6 (8 juin 2022) : 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060826.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate change (CC), which causes temperatures to rise steadily, is causing global warming. Rising temperatures can reduce plant yield and affect pollen characteristics. In particular, heat stress strongly influences pollen viability for its sensitivity to this extreme environmental condition. This work evaluated the effect of heat stress on olive pollen after in vitro incubation at different temperatures (20, 30, and 40 °C). Furthermore, the potential of selenium-methionine (Se-met) in mitigating the detrimental effects of heat stress on olive pollen was investigated. In particular, how thermal stress can affect pollen was evaluated by testing the effect of temperature on pollen germinability and morphology and cytosolic Ca2+ content. The results suggest that the heat stress at 40 °C caused a marked reduction in the germination rate, changes in the morphology of the external pollen wall, and a decreased response to Ca2+-agonist agents. On the contrary, in vitro treatment of pollen with Se-met improved the germination rate and Ca2+-cytosolic homeostasis under heat stress conditions and confirmed the protective role of this compound in containing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) toxicity. Therefore, this study revealed that organic selenium could play a crucial role in promoting heat tolerance in olive tree pollen.
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Ala-Kotila, Paula, Terttu Vainio et Jarmo Laamanen. « The Influence of Building Renovations on Indoor Comfort—A Field Test in an Apartment Building ». Energies 13, no 18 (22 septembre 2020) : 4958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184958.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article presents a field test of how deep renovation affects indoor climate quality. The studied apartment building was built in 1968 and is located in Finland, within the Nordic climate zone. The deep renovation included façade repair with extra insulation, new windows with trickle vents, new balcony glass and doors, and the installation of an exhaust air heat pump into the existing mechanical exhaust air ventilation. The indoor climate conditions and building envelope tightness were measured before and after the renovation. As a result of these energy renovation measures, the building envelope tightness improved by nearly 40% and the uncontrolled supply of air (draughts) decreased by approximately 24%. The overall energy consumption of the building decreased by 45%. Above all, the long testing period gives credibility to the study. The field test brought up the challenge of supplying an adequate amount of fresh air. This article highlights the fact that windows are part of a mechanical ventilation system if fresh air is not controlled by being led through inlet ducts. The supply air flow and volume must be ensured by correctly dimensioned valves, and therefore we stress the importance of the technical cooperation of technical designers.
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Wernicke, R., et R. Pohl. « Underwater Wet Repair Welding and Strength Testing on Pipe-Patch Joints ». Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no 4 (1 novembre 1998) : 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The underwater wet welding method for repairing of submerged structural members has been intensively developed during the last years. It is an economical and especially more time-independent procedure. The shortened repair duration is a major advantage in regions with rough sea climate as the North Sea area. During research projects the weldability and fatigue performance of pipe-patch connections have been tested. These joints are in use for repairing of collision indents. The shape of the actual used repair patch was optimized to the requirements of underwater wet welding at high tensile strength steels as BS4360 Gr 50D. Steel materials in this grade show problems in regard to high hydrogen susceptibility, and therefore cold cracking. The fatigue behavior of the patch-welded pipe structural member has been investigated. First test series were carried out using as-welded joints. In a second part of the project, post-weld-treated connections were tested. The weld seams on these joints were partially ground or hammer peened. The test results have been evaluated by means of the hot-spot concept and then faced with actual code requirements. Extensive strain gage measurements and finite-element calculations have been carried out to provide the stress state in the structural details.
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Ďurinová, Michaela, et Matúš Kozel. « Non-Destructive Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Materials Performance During their Life Cycle Based on Accelerated Pavement Testing ». Civil and Environmental Engineering 17, no 2 (1 décembre 2021) : 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2021-0062.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The characteristics of asphalt concrete materials (ACM) composing the surfacing layer of a bituminous pavement must fulfil a requirement to maintain a level of operational capability demanded by national standards of a given country. ACM’s are a subject to significant stress caused by traffic load and climate conditions, this leads to changes in their physico-mechanical properties. The loss of physico-mechanical properties causes deterioration of road surface characteristics. Since these changes occur throughout the ACM’s life cycle, it is necessary to know the deterioration curves related to loading and time in mathematical terms, i.e. functions describing the initiation and progression of pavement’s defect in time. Pavement Performance Models (PPM) ascertained by non-destructive testing are used to objectively express the surface properties of pavements and their deterioration. The methodology consists of an analytical method to ascertain physico-mechanical characteristics of ACM’s and the use of experimental accelerated pavement testing (APT) facilities.
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Flantua, S. G. A., H. Hooghiemstra, M. Vuille, H. Behling, J. F. Carson, W. D. Gosling, I. Hoyos et al. « Climate variability and human impact in South America during the last 2000 years : synthesis and perspectives from pollen records ». Climate of the Past 12, no 2 (29 février 2016) : 483–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-483-2016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. An improved understanding of present-day climate variability and change relies on high-quality data sets from the past 2 millennia. Global efforts to model regional climate modes are in the process of being validated against, and integrated with, records of past vegetation change. For South America, however, the full potential of vegetation records for evaluating and improving climate models has hitherto not been sufficiently acknowledged due to an absence of information on the spatial and temporal coverage of study sites. This paper therefore serves as a guide to high-quality pollen records that capture environmental variability during the last 2 millennia. We identify 60 vegetation (pollen) records from across South America which satisfy geochronological requirements set out for climate modelling, and we discuss their sensitivity to the spatial signature of climate modes throughout the continent. Diverse patterns of vegetation response to climate change are observed, with more similar patterns of change in the lowlands and varying intensity and direction of responses in the highlands. Pollen records display local-scale responses to climate modes; thus, it is necessary to understand how vegetation–climate interactions might diverge under variable settings. We provide a qualitative translation from pollen metrics to climate variables. Additionally, pollen is an excellent indicator of human impact through time. We discuss evidence for human land use in pollen records and provide an overview considered useful for archaeological hypothesis testing and important in distinguishing natural from anthropogenically driven vegetation change. We stress the need for the palynological community to be more familiar with climate variability patterns to correctly attribute the potential causes of observed vegetation dynamics. This manuscript forms part of the wider LOng-Term multi-proxy climate REconstructions and Dynamics in South America – 2k initiative that provides the ideal framework for the integration of the various palaeoclimatic subdisciplines and palaeo-science, thereby jump-starting and fostering multidisciplinary research into environmental change on centennial and millennial timescales.
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Morsy, Mustafa, Blake Cleckler et Hayden Armuelles-Millican. « Fungal Endophytes Promote Tomato Growth and Enhance Drought and Salt Tolerance ». Plants 9, no 7 (10 juillet 2020) : 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070877.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a search for efficient fungal endophytes that can promote crop production and/or increase crop tolerance to abiotic stress, we isolated and tested various species harbored by wild plants. Sixty-seven endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from drought stressed, poor soil habitats, and inland high salt areas. We extensively tested the roles of Ampelomyces sp. and Penicillium sp. isolates in improving tomato growth and yield. Under greenhouse and field trails, Ampelomyces sp. and Penicillium sp. endophytes proved effective in conferring positive benefits to tomatoes placed under stress as well as under normal growing conditions. Ampelomyces sp. conferred tolerance to tomatoes placed under drought stress in addition to enhancing overall plant growth and fruit yield in comparison to non-symbiotic plants under drought stress. Penicillium sp. conferred tolerance to tomatoes placed under 300 mM salinity stress in addition to enhancing root biomass in comparison to non-symbiotic plants. Both endophytes proved efficient in enhancing plant growth, stress tolerance, recovery, and fruit yield under optimal experimental conditions in comparison to non-symbiotic plants. Field testing of tomato yield showed increased yield of symbiotic tomatoes compared to non-symbiotic ones. This data suggests that both Ampelomyces sp. and Penicillium sp. share a promising potential for improving future agricultural production, particularly with the projected changes in climate in the future.
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Kieczka, Thomas, et Eberhard Kerscher. « Investigation of the Fatigue Behavior of AlMg4.5Mn (EN AW-5083) in the Temperature Range -60 °C < ; T < ; 20 °C ». Materials Science Forum 690 (juin 2011) : 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.290.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stress-controlled load increase and constant amplitude tests have been carried out in a temperature range of -60°C < T < 20°C at the aluminium alloy AlMg4.5Mn (EN AW-5083). Therefore a recently developed climate chamber which operates with liquid nitrogen was mounted on a servo-hydraulic fatigue testing machine to realize the required low temperatures. Beside conventional mechanical hysteresis measurements, electrical resistance and temperature measurements are used to characterize the fatigue behavior. Furthermore, with these methods, the endurance limit was successfully estimated in a load increase test. Woehler curves were determined with constant amplitude tests at different temperatures. The conventionally determined endurance limit corresponds with the value from the load increase test.
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van Garderen, Linda, Frauke Feser et Theodore G. Shepherd. « A methodology for attributing the role of climate change in extreme events : a global spectrally nudged storyline ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no 1 (18 janvier 2021) : 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-171-2021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Extreme weather events are generally associated with unusual dynamical conditions, yet the signal-to-noise ratio of the dynamical aspects of climate change that are relevant to extremes appears to be small, and the nature of the change can be highly uncertain. On the other hand, the thermodynamic aspects of climate change are already largely apparent from observations and are far more certain since they are anchored in agreed-upon physical understanding. The storyline method of extreme-event attribution, which has been gaining traction in recent years, quantitatively estimates the magnitude of thermodynamic aspects of climate change, given the dynamical conditions. There are different ways of imposing the dynamical conditions. Here we present and evaluate a method where the dynamical conditions are enforced through global spectral nudging towards reanalysis data of the large-scale vorticity and divergence in the free atmosphere, leaving the lower atmosphere free to respond. We simulate the historical extreme weather event twice: first in the world as we know it, with the events occurring on a background of a changing climate, and second in a “counterfactual” world, where the background is held fixed over the past century. We describe the methodology in detail and present results for the European 2003 heatwave and the Russian 2010 heatwave as a proof of concept. These show that the conditional attribution can be performed with a high signal-to-noise ratio on daily timescales and at local spatial scales. Our methodology is thus potentially highly useful for realistic stress testing of resilience strategies for climate impacts when coupled to an impact model.
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Bala, G., R. B. Rood, A. Mirin, J. McClean, Krishna Achutarao, D. Bader, P. Gleckler, R. Neale et P. Rasch. « Evaluation of a CCSM3 Simulation with a Finite Volume Dynamical Core for the Atmosphere at 1° Latitude × 1.25° Longitude Resolution ». Journal of Climate 21, no 7 (1 avril 2008) : 1467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2060.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A simulation of the present-day climate by the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) that uses a Finite Volume (FV) numerical method for solving the equations governing the atmospheric dynamics is presented. The simulation is compared to observations and to the well-documented simulation by the standard CCSM3, which uses the Eulerian spectral method for the atmospheric dynamics. The atmospheric component in the simulation herein uses a 1° latitude × 1.25° longitude grid, which is a slightly finer resolution than the T85-grid used in the spectral transform. As in the T85 simulation, the ocean and ice models use a nominal 1-degree grid. Although the physical parameterizations are the same and the resolution is comparable to the standard model, substantial testing and slight retuning were required to obtain an acceptable control simulation. There are significant improvements in the simulation of the surface wind stress and sea surface temperature. Improvements are also seen in the simulations of the total variance in the tropical Pacific, the spatial pattern of ice thickness distribution in the Arctic, and the vertically integrated ocean circulation in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The results herein demonstrate that the FV version of the CCSM coupled model is a state-of-the-art climate model whose simulation capabilities are in the class of those used for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. The simulated climate is very similar to that of the T85 version in terms of its biases, and more like the T85 model than the other IPCC models.