Articles de revues : « Climate-resilient crops »

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Banga, Surinder S., et Manjit S. Kang. « Developing Climate-Resilient Crops ». Journal of Crop Improvement 28, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2014) : 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2014.865410.

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SAAB, ANNE. « Climate-Resilient Crops and International Climate Change Adaptation Law ». Leiden Journal of International Law 29, n^o 2 (29 avril 2016) : 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000121.

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AbstractThis article explores the role of international climate change adaptation law in promoting the use of genetically engineered crops as an adaptation strategy. The severity of climate change impacts and the realization that, by now, some adverse effects are inevitable, has intensified the urgency to devise effective adaptation strategies. Genetically engineered climate-resilient crops are presented as one possible means to adapt to the predicted adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture and crop yields. Despite increased attention on the research and development of climate-resilient crops, particularly by private sector seed corporations, there are many controversies surrounding this proposed adaptation strategy. The key contentions relate to apprehensions about genetically engineered crops more generally, the effectiveness of climate-resilient crops, and the involvement of the private sector in international climate change adaptation initiatives.The main argument in this article is that the emerging field of international climate change adaptation law contributes to promoting genetically engineered climate-resilient crops as a possible means of adaptation. Moreover, international adaptation law creates an enabling environment for the active engagement of private sector corporations in devising adaptation strategies. Notwithstanding controversies over genetically engineered crops and the role of the private sector, there has been little consideration so far of the influence of the growing international legal regime on climate change on the types of adaptation strategies that are devised and promoted.

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Acevedo, Maricelis, Kevin Pixley, Nkulumo Zinyengere, Sisi Meng, Hale Tufan, Karen Cichy, Livia Bizikova, Krista Isaacs, Kate Ghezzi-Kopel et Jaron Porciello. « A scoping review of adoption of climate-resilient crops by small-scale producers in low- and middle-income countries ». Nature Plants 6, n^o 10 (octobre 2020) : 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00783-z.

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Abstract Climate-resilient crops and crop varieties have been recommended as a way for farmers to cope with or adapt to climate change, but despite the apparent benefits, rates of adoption by smallholder farmers are highly variable. Here we present a scoping review, using PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), examining the conditions that have led to the adoption of climate-resilient crops over the past 30 years in lower- and middle-income countries. The descriptive analysis performed on 202 papers shows that small-scale producers adopted climate-resilient crops and varieties to cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, flooding and salinity. The most prevalent trait in our dataset was drought tolerance, followed by water-use efficiency. Our analysis found that the most important determinants of adoption of climate-resilient crops were the availability and effectiveness of extension services and outreach, followed by education levels of heads of households, farmers’ access to inputs—especially seeds and fertilizers—and socio-economic status of farming families. About 53% of studies reported that social differences such as sex, age, marital status and ethnicity affected the adoption of varieties or crops as climate change-adaptation strategies. On the basis of the collected evidence, this study presents a series of pathways and interventions that could contribute to higher adoption rates of climate-resilient crops and reduce dis-adoption.

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Singh, Jay Shankar, et Siddharth Boudh. « Climate Change Resilient Crops to Sustain Indian Agriculture ». Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability 4, n^o 2 (2016) : 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-642x.2016.00026.0.

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Shahinnia, Fahimeh, Néstor Carrillo et Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei. « Engineering Climate-Change-Resilient Crops : New Tools and Approaches ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n^o 15 (23 juillet 2021) : 7877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157877.

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Environmental adversities, particularly drought and nutrient limitation, are among the major causes of crop losses worldwide. Due to the rapid increase of the world’s population, there is an urgent need to combine knowledge of plant science with innovative applications in agriculture to protect plant growth and thus enhance crop yield. In recent decades, engineering strategies have been successfully developed with the aim to improve growth and stress tolerance in plants. Most strategies applied so far have relied on transgenic approaches and/or chemical treatments. However, to cope with rapid climate change and the need to secure sustainable agriculture and biomass production, innovative approaches need to be developed to effectively meet these challenges and demands. In this review, we summarize recent and advanced strategies that involve the use of plant-related cyanobacterial proteins, macro- and micronutrient management, nutrient-coated nanoparticles, and phytopathogenic organisms, all of which offer promise as protective resources to shield plants from climate challenges and to boost stress tolerance in crops.

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s, Kathiresan, et Raj Pravin T. « A Study on Awareness and Adoption of Climate Resilient Farm Technologies on Crop Production and Protection in Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu ». Madras Agricultural Journal 107 (2020) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000461.

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Climate change issues are affecting the lives and livelihoods of the farming community in our state. With majority of our rural population dependent on farming, the need of the hour is to create awareness among farmers on climate-resilient farm technologies and make them adopt them. So, a study was conducted in the Erumapatty block of Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu to study the awareness and adoption of climate-resilient farm technologies. The findings of this study revealed that majority of the respondents (68.33 per cent) had high level of awareness on climate-resilient farm technologies. With regard to adoption, majority (60.00 per cent) had medium level of adoption on climate-resilient farm technologies. On crop production and protection climate resilient farm technologies, namely drought-resilient varieties, Intercropping, Identification and use of short-duration varieties, drought-resilient fodder crops, Community nursery as a contingency measure for delayed planting, IPDM and PPFM to combat drought condition in small onion majority of the farmers in the study area are aware of it and adopt it in this study area.

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Dhankher, Om Parkash, et Christine H. Foyer. « Climate resilient crops for improving global food security and safety ». Plant, Cell & ; Environment 41, n^o 5 (16 avril 2018) : 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.13207.

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Xu, Jin, Qin-Min Hou, Tushar Khare, Sandeep Kumar Verma et Vinay Kumar. « Exploring miRNAs for developing climate-resilient crops : A perspective review ». Science of The Total Environment 653 (février 2019) : 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.340.

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Samuel, Josily, Chitiprolu Anantha Rama Rao, Bellapukonda Murali Krishna Raju, Anugu Amarender Reddy, Pushpanjali, Ardha Gopala Krishna Reddy, Ramaraju Nagarjuna Kumar, Mohammed Osman, Vinod Kumar Singh et Jasti Venkata Naga Satya Prasad. « Assessing the Impact of Climate Resilient Technologies in Minimizing Drought Impacts on Farm Incomes in Drylands ». Sustainability 14, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010382.

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Asia is the region most vulnerable to climate change and India is ranked as one of the most climate vulnerable countries in the world, frequently affected by natural disasters. In this study, we investigated the impact of drought on crop productivity, farmer’s employment and income. The difference-in-difference model (DID) and stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) were employed to quantify the impact of adopting climate resilient technologies (CRTs) on farm household income during a drought. The factors influencing farm incomes were analyzed using MLR. The study used survey data collected from the drought prone district of Telangana, India. Sixty farmers each from a village adopted under the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) program and a control village were interviewed. Primary data on the socio-economic characteristic of farmers, cropping pattern, income composition, productivity of major crops, employment and climate resilient interventions adopted by farmers were collected using a well-structured schedule. The results reveal that income crop cultivation was the major contributor to household income (60%) followed by livestock rearing. Farmers reported that droughts decreased the income from crops by 54 per cent and income from livestock rearing by 40 per cent. The farmers belonging to the climate resilient village had 35 per cent higher incomes compared to those in the control village and it was estimated to be Rs. 31,877/farm household/year during droughts using the DID estimate. Farm size, livestock possession, adoption of CRTs and investment in agriculture were the determining factors influencing farm income. Thus, farmers especially in drought prone regions need to be encouraged and supported to adopt cost effective, location specific climate resilient technologies.

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Kim, Jong Hum, Richard Hilleary, Adam Seroka et Sheng Yang He. « Crops of the future : building a climate-resilient plant immune system ». Current Opinion in Plant Biology 60 (avril 2021) : 101997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101997.

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Singh, Ajeet, Pradeep Kumar Dubey, Rajan Chaurasia, Rama Kant Dubey, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Gopal Shankar Singh et Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash. « Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security : Four Steps ». Agronomy 9, n^o 9 (28 août 2019) : 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090491.

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Ensuring the food and nutritional demand of the ever-growing human population is a major sustainability challenge for humanity in this Anthropocene. The cultivation of climate resilient, adaptive and underutilized wild crops along with modern crop varieties is proposed as an innovative strategy for managing future agricultural production under the changing environmental conditions. Such underutilized and neglected wild crops have been recently projected by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as ‘future smart crops’ as they are not only hardy, and resilient to changing climatic conditions, but also rich in nutrients. They need only minimal care and input, and therefore, they can be easily grown in degraded and nutrient-poor soil also. Moreover, they can be used for improving the adaptive traits of modern crops. The contribution of such neglected, and underutilized crops and their wild relatives to global food production is estimated to be around 115–120 billion US$ per annum. Therefore, the exploitation of such lesser utilized and yet to be used wild crops is highly significant for climate resilient agriculture and thereby providing a good quality of life to one and all. Here we provide four steps, namely: (i) exploring the unexplored, (ii) refining the unrefined traits, (iii) cultivating the uncultivated, and (iv) popularizing the unpopular for the sustainable utilization of such wild crops as a resilient strategy for ensuring food and nutritional security and also urge the timely adoption of suitable frameworks for the large-scale exploitation of such wild species for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

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Redman, Regina S., Yong Ok Kim, Sang Cho, Malia Mercer, Melissa Rienstra, Ryan Manglona, Taylor Biaggi et al. « A Symbiotic Approach to Generating Stress Tolerant Crops ». Microorganisms 9, n^o 5 (25 avril 2021) : 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050920.

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Studies were undertaken to determine if fungal endophytes from plants in stressful habitats could be commercialized to generate climate resilient crop plants. Fungal endophytes were isolated from weedy rice plants and grasses from South Korea and the USA, respectively. Endophytes (Curvularia brachyspora and Fusarium asiaticum) from weedy rice plants from high salt or drought stressed habitats in South Korea conferred salt and drought stress tolerance to weedy rice and commercial varieties reflective of the habitats from which they were isolated. Fungal endophytes isolated from grasses in arid habitats of the USA were identified as Trichoderma harzianum and conferred drought and heat stress tolerance to monocots and eudicots. Two T. harzianum isolates were exposed to UV mutagenesis to derive strains resistant to fungicides in seed treatment plant protection packages. Three strains that collectively had resistance to commonly used fungicides were used for field testing. The three-strain mixture (ThSM3a) increased crop yields proportionally to the level of stress plants experienced with average yields up to 52% under high and 3–5% in low stress conditions. This study demonstrates fungal endophytes can be developed as viable commercial tools for rapidly generating climate resilient crops to enhance agricultural sustainability.

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Zaidi, P. H., Thanh Nguyen, Dang N. Ha, Suriphat Thaitad, Salahuddin Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad, Keshav B. Koirala et al. « Stress-resilient maize for climate-vulnerable ecologies in the Asian tropics ». AUGUST 2020, n^o 14(08):2020 (20 août 2020) : 1264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.08.p2405.

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Most parts of the Asian tropics are hotspots of climate change effects and associated weather variabilities. One of the major challenges with climate change is the uncertainty and inter-annual variability in weather conditions as crops are frequently exposed to different weather extremes within the same season. Therefore, agricultural research must strive to develop new crop varieties with inbuilt resilience towards variable weather conditions rather than merely tolerance to individual stresses in a specific situation and/or at a specific crop stage. C4 crops are known for their wider adaptation to range of climatic conditions. However, recent climatic trends and associated variabilities seem to be challenging the threshold limit of wider adaptability of even C4 crops like maize. In collaboration with national programs and private sector partners in the region, CIMMYT-Asia maize program initiated research for development (R4D) projects largely focusing on saving achievable yields across range of variable environments by incorporating reasonable levels of tolerance/resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses without compromising on grain yields under optimal growing conditions. By integrating novel breeding tools like - genomics, double haploid (DH) technology, precision phenotyping and reducing genotype × environment interaction effects, a new generation of maize germplasm with multiple stress tolerance that can grow well across variable weather conditions were developed. The new maize germplasm were targeted for stress-prone environments where maize is invariability exposed to a range of sub-optimal growing conditions, such as drought, heat, waterlogging and various virulent diseases. The overarching goal of the stress-resilient maize program has been to achieve yield potential with a downside risk reduction.

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Waris, Amtul, et N. Sunder Rao. « Factors influencing adoption of climate resilient paddy production practices in Andhra Pradesh, India ». Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2020) : 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.3.9.

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This paper examined the factors affecting adoption of climate resilient practices in paddy production using data collected from farmers of Andhra Pradesh during the year 2019. Majority of the farmers reported increase in temperature, unpredictability in weather, reduced duration of winter, uneven and irregular rainfall as the climatic change events. The practices being followed by farmers which fit the adaptation criteria were timely sowing and weeding, proper spacing and formation of soil bunds. The climate resilient practices most preferred and prioritized by paddy farmers were direct sown rice, drought tolerant varieties, weather forecast services, integrated nutrient management, growing of green manure crops followed by crop diversification, crop insurance, system of rice intensification (SRI) and use of leaf color chart. Market demand, assured irrigation, land fertility, and availability of finance were the major factors governing the decision to grow crops. The educational level of farmers exhibited significant and positive correlation with practices namely SRI, use of leaf color chart, crop insurance, weather forecast services and drought tolerant varieties. Analysis of factors influencing the adoption of climate resilient paddy production practices would help to promote and disseminate these practices to increase the adoption rate and also aid in the framing of appropriate policies.

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Agnese, Federica, et Zakirah Othman. « RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON PADDY FARMING : THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) ». Journal of Technology and Operations Management 14, Number 1 (27 juin 2019) : 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2019.14.1.5.

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The global climate system began posing risks forhuman and natural systems on all continents and across oceans. It is therefore essential to identify and adopt solutions that sustainably increase rice productionandstrengthen crops’ resilience to climate variabilities. The ecosystem-based crop managementtechnique of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternativesolution in environmental development plans.In line with the need of developing climate-smart farming management, this narrativereviewaims toaddress to SRI adoption as atransition to more productive, inclusive and sustainable agriculture that promotes the use of climate-resilient crops. Thereview providedevidence that SRI is beneficial toaddress sustainable agricultural practices and enhance resilience against climate change. In conclusion, SRI-based paddy farming responds to the need fora sound functioning of agriculture management and build climate resilience.

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Tan, Chengjia, Mohammad Talib Kalhoro, Yahya Faqir, Jiahua Ma, Matthew Duah Osei et Ghulam Khaliq. « Climate-Resilient Microbial Biotechnology : A Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture ». Sustainability 14, n^o 9 (6 mai 2022) : 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095574.

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We designed this review to describe a compilation of studies to enlighten the concepts of plant–microbe interactions, adopted protocols in smart crop farming, and biodiversity to reaffirm sustainable agriculture. The ever-increasing use of agrochemicals to boost crop production has created health hazards to humans and the environment. Microbes can bring up the hidden strength of plants, augmenting disease resistance and yield, hereafter, crops could be grown without chemicals by harnessing microbes that live in/on plants and soil. This review summarizes an understanding of the functions and importance of indigenous microbial communities; host–microbial and microbial–microbial interactions; simplified experimentally controlled synthetic flora used to perform targeted operations; maintaining the molecular mechanisms; and microbial agent application technology. It also analyzes existing problems and forecasts prospects. The real advancement of microbiome engineering requires a large number of cycles to obtain the necessary ecological principles, precise manipulation of the microbiome, and predictable results. To advance this approach, interdisciplinary collaboration in the areas of experimentation, computation, automation, and applications is required. The road to microbiome engineering seems to be long; however, research and biotechnology provide a promising approach for proceeding with microbial engineering and address persistent social and environmental issues.

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Uga, Yusaku, et Mikio Nakazono. « Dissection of root behavior to abiotic stimuli for breeding of climate-resilient crops ». Breeding Science 71, n^o 1 (2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.71.1.

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Gaba, Yashika, Ashwani Pareek et Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek. « Raising Climate-Resilient Crops : Journey From the Conventional Breeding to New Breeding Approaches ». Current Genomics 22, n^o 6 (30 décembre 2021) : 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202922666210928151247.

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Background: In order to meet the demands of the ever-increasing human population, it has become necessary to raise climate-resilient crops. Plant breeding, which involves crossing and selecting superior gene pools, has contributed tremendously towards achieving this goal during the past few decades. The relatively newer methods of crop improvement based on genetic engineering are relatively simple, and targets can be achieved in an expeditious manner. More recently emerged genome editing technique using CRISPR has raised strong hopes among plant scientists for precise integration of valuable traits and removal of undesirable ones. Conclusion: Genome editing using Site-Specific Nucleases (SSNs) is a good alternative to the plant breeding and genetic engineering approaches as it can modify the genomes specifically and precisely at the target site in the host genome. Another added advantage of the genome editing approach is the simpler biosafety regulations that have been adopted by many countries for commercialization of the products thus generated. This review provides a critical assessment of the available methods for improving the stress tolerance in crop plants. Special emphasis has been given on genome editing approach in light of the diversity of tools, which are being discovered on an everyday basis and the practical applications of the same. This information will serve as a beginner’s guide to initiate the crop improvement programs as well as giving technical insight to the expert to plan the research strategically to tackle even multigenic traits in crop plants.

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Asfew, Milkessa, et Amsalu Bedemo. « Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Crops Production in Ethiopia ». Advances in Agriculture 2022 (5 septembre 2022) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2208694.

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Climate change adversely affected agricultural productivity in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the effects of this climate change, particularly on cereal crops production in Ethiopia. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach to the co-integration with an error correction term. ARDL technique was selected due to its stationarity assumption and unbiased estimates of its long-run coefficients. The estimated model justifies the existence of a long-run relationship between cereal crops production, climate change variables (temperature and precipitation), and other explanatory variables. Precipitation has a positive and significant effect on cereal crops production both in the long and short runs, while temperature change has a significant negative effect. In the long run, cereal crops production was positively and significantly affected by arable land, fertilizer consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions, while in the short run, labor force participation has a positive and significant effect on cereal crops production. The study results confirmed that there is a long-run relationship between cereal crops production and climate change variables. In agriculture, research and development should focus on varieties of cereal crops that can tolerate high temperatures. Climate Resilient Green Economy should have to strengthen in the country. All countries should have to work hand-in-hand to mitigate the effect of climate change.

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Neupane, Dhurba, Pramila Adhikari, Dwarika Bhattarai, Birendra Rana, Zeeshan Ahmed, Umanath Sharma et Debraj Adhikari. « Does Climate Change Affect the Yield of the Top Three Cereals and Food Security in the World ? » Earth 3, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2022) : 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth3010004.

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Climate prediction models suggest that agricultural productivity will be significantly affected in the future. The expected rise in average global temperature due to the higher release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere and increased depletion of water resources with enhanced climate variability will be a serious threat to world food security. Moreover, there is an increase in the frequency and severity of long-lasting drought events over 1/3rd of the global landmass and five times increase in water demand deficits during the 21st century. The top three cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa), are the major and staple food crops of most people across the world. To meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population, which is expected to increase by over 9 billion by 2050, there is a dire need to increase cereal production by approximately 70%. However, we have observed a dramatic decrease in area of fertile and arable land to grow these crops. This trend is likely to increase in the future. Therefore, this review article provides an extensive review on recent and future projected area and production, the growth requirements and greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of the top three cereal crops, the effects of climate change on their yields, and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and hormonal responses of plants to drought. We also discuss the potential strategies to tackle the effects of climate change and increase yields. These strategies include integrated conventional and modern molecular techniques and genomic approach, the implementation of agronomic best management (ABM) practices, and growing climate resilient cereal crops, such as millets. Millets are less resource-intensive crops and release a lower amount of greenhouse gases compared to other cereals. Therefore, millets can be the potential next-generation crops for research to explore the climate-resilient traits and use the information for the improvement of major cereals.

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Hussain, Shabir, et Imran Sharif Chaudhry. « Impact of Climate Change on Yield of Major Food Crops in Pakistan ». Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2021) : 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i4.189.

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Nowadays, global warming is increasing in response of climate change which affects almost every sector including the agriculture sector. Therefore, there is a need to confirm the policies for policymakers and government officials to minimize the monetary loss in response to climate change. In doing so, our study reveals the effect of climate change on the yield of major food crops in Pakistan. To check the existence of long-run association among the variables, we employJohansen co-integration technique from 1990 to 2019. The results proves that co-integration exists among the variables in the long run. Hence, this study suggested policy formulation for policymakers and government officials that should focus on the harmful effect of climate change on the agriculture sector to rebuild the resilient and sustainable agriculture sector of Pakistan.

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Costa, Maria-Cecilia D., et Jill M. Farrant. « Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stresses ». Plants 8, n^o 12 (28 novembre 2019) : 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120553.

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Extreme weather events are one of the biggest dangers posed by climate breakdown. As the temperatures increase, droughts and desertification will render whole regions inhospitable to agriculture. At the same time, other regions might suffer significant crop losses due to floods. Usually, regional food shortages can be covered by surpluses from elsewhere on the planet. However, the climate breakdown could trigger sustained food supply disruptions globally. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more stress-resilient crop alternatives by both breeding new varieties and promoting underutilized crop species (orphan crops). The articles in this special issue cover responses of staple crops and orphan crops to abiotic stresses relevant under the climate breakdown, such as heat, water, high salinity, nitrogen, and heavy metal stresses. This information will certainly complement a toolkit that can help inform, support, and influence the design of measures to deal with the climate crisis.

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Fambrini, Marco, Claudio Pugliesi et Susanna Pecchia. « Innovative Approaches for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Management of Plant Disease in the Post-Genomic Era ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 6 (18 mars 2022) : 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063273.

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Safeguarding food supply in a world environment subject to sudden climate change, reducing the use of anthropogenic sources of pollution as much as possible, and using crops that must necessarily be increasingly resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses is a mandatory and ambitious necessity for the foreseeable future [...]

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Roozen, Megan, et Luca Serventi. « Ingredients from Climate Resilient Crops to Enhance the Nutritional Quality of Gluten-Free Bread ». Foods 11, n^o 11 (31 mai 2022) : 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111628.

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One percent of the global population requires a gluten-free diet. With concurrent global warming and population growth, it is increasingly necessary to optimize the use of ingredients from resilient crops, such as tapioca. Tapioca flour is used in low proportions in bread due to its lack of gluten. Sourdough fermentation can enhance the nutritional value of bread but also causes a sour taste. Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. globosum can reduce food acidity while synthesizing several nutrients, such as vitamin B12. Aquafaba is a known hydrocolloid and prebiotic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the sourdough fermentation of a composite bread based on tapioca and brown rice flour, cultured with Lactobacillus lactis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. globosum enriched in aquafaba. The bread quality was measured instrumentally (hardness, volume, moisture content) and with a semi-trained sensory panel (focus group). The co-fermentation of the Lactobacillus lactis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. Globosum produced palatable bread, improving the appearance, taste, and texture in comparison to the yeast-leavened recipe. This co-fermentation also enabled shorter production times, reducing it from 1 h to 30 min. The addition of the aquafaba further improved the bread appearance, texture, and volume, although a bitter tasting crust was reported. The co-fermentation of the tapioca–brown rice composite flour with Lactobacillus lactis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. globosum produced acceptable bread, which could provide a climate-resilient solution to food sustainability. The aquafaba addition further enhanced such improvements and the baking performance, offering sustainability in terms of nutrition, sensory quality, and price.

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Ganguly, Diep R., Lee T. Hickey et Peter A. Crisp. « Harnessing genetic variation at regulatory regions to fine-tune traits for climate-resilient crops ». Molecular Plant 15, n^o 2 (février 2022) : 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.011.

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Puri, RR, K. Khadka et A. Paudyal. « Separating climate resilient crops through screening of drought tolerant rice land races in Nepal ». Agronomy Journal of Nepal 1 (3 février 2013) : 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7546.

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Many studies have shown that local landraces are found to be better adapted to changing climatic conditions. The screening of local land races is one of important processes to detect drought tolerant behavior of crop species to further verify in similar field situation and genomic/molecular level studies. In 2009 for main season rice, a study was done to identify different land races of rice in Jhapa and Kailali districts to know their performance on drought stressed conditions by field techniques. Among the 22 rice land races studied, Kataush showed maximum drought tolerant efficiency (DTE) of 192.8% and minimum drought susceptibility index (DSI) of -0.88% followed by Guthanisaro (DTE=181% and DSI= -0.77%). Likewise, in the cluster analysis, these genotypes formed a cluster with two highest DTE and minimum DSI. Hence, these two land races could be used for drought stressed breeding program in the future to include drought resistant genes for variety impovement. Also, it was recorded that these land races could be used as the most drought tolerant variety in Terai region similar to Jhapa and Kailali, Nepal. These varieties could play important role in climate extreme situations, where farmers can adopt them as climatic resilient rice genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7546 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.80-84

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Cosculluela-Martínez, Carolina, et Juan Manuel Menéndez-Blanco. « Assessment Environmental Sustainability and Gender Equality through Crops Livestock Investment Worldwide ». Sustainability 13, n^o 13 (1 juillet 2021) : 7388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137388.

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Resilient crop-livestock production systems become crucial to face environmental challenges such as climate mitigation. Progress in the SDG 2.4.1 indicator (proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture) requires robustness, adaptability, and transformation. Most literature considers gender equality and crops livestock investment as drivers to environmental sustainability. In Cosculluela-Martínez (2020), the productivity and the employing capacity of the investment in agricultural capital stock has been analyzed. However, nobody has examined the long and short-run effects on climate change and the gender gap of investing in the crop-livestock production system’s assets. In this paper, the investment’s empowerment is assessed by estimating the impact of an investment in capital stock on climate, gender gap drop-down, and production through a Vector Error Correction Model. To reduce the gender gap in the agricultural sector in 8 of the 11 countries. Policy and implications of different weights in the distribution of the investment of European Funds are discussed.

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SAMBO, B. E. « Endangered, Neglected, Indigenous Resilient Crops : A Potential against Climate Change Impact for Sustainable Crop Productivity and Food Security ». IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7, n^o 2 (2014) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-07223441.

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Singh, R. P. « Increased Yield and Crop Diversification through Adoption of Climate Resilient Varieties among Pulse Crops in India : An Appraisal ». Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability 4, n^o 1 (2016) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-642x.2016.00007.7.

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Nikinmaa, Markus, Stefano Renzetti, Riikka Juvonen, Natalia Rosa-Sibakov, Martijn Noort et Emilia Nordlund. « Effect of Bioprocessing on Techno-Functional Properties of Climate-Resilient African Crops, Sorghum and Cowpea ». Foods 11, n^o 19 (30 septembre 2022) : 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193049.

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Sorghum and cowpea are very compatible for intercropping in hot and dry environments, and they also have complementary nutritional compositions. Thus, the crops have the potential to improve food security in regions threatened by climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate different enzymes (carbohydrate-degrading, proteases and phytases) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation to improve the techno-functional properties of sorghum and cowpea flours. Results show that sorghum carbohydrates were very resistant to hydrolysis induced by bioprocessing treatments. Most of the protease treatments resulted in low or moderate protein solubilization (from ca. 6.5% to 10%) in sorghum, while the pH adjustment to 8 followed by alkaline protease increased solubility to 40%. With cowpea, protease treatment combined with carbohydrate-degrading enzymes increased the solubility of proteins from 37% up to 61%. With regard to the techno-functional properties, LAB and amylase treatment decreased the sorghum peak paste viscosities (from 504 to 370 and 325 cPa, respectively), while LAB and chemical acidification increased cowpea viscosity (from 282 to 366 and 468 cPa, respectively). When the bioprocessed sorghum and cowpea were tested in breadmaking, only moderate effects were observed, suggesting that the modifications by enzymes and fermentation were not strong enough to improve breadmaking.

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Raza, Ali, Ali Razzaq, Sundas Mehmood, Xiling Zou, Xuekun Zhang, Yan Lv et Jinsong Xu. « Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome : A Review ». Plants 8, n^o 2 (30 janvier 2019) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8020034.

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Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date, food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this review paper, we summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants.

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Abdelhakim, Lamis Osama Anwar, Rong Zhou et Carl-Otto Ottosen. « Physiological Responses of Plants to Combined Drought and Heat under Elevated CO2 ». Agronomy 12, n^o 10 (16 octobre 2022) : 2526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102526.

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Anthropogenic activities over the last century have caused rapid changes in environmental conditions through increasing CO2 emissions in the atmosphere that contribute to global warming. Moreover, the increased global average temperature is linked with changes in the precipitation rate and distribution, resulting in a negative impact on crop health and productivity. Plants in nature often experience combined stresses; therefore, they have developed adaptive mechanisms to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Thus, investigating plant responses under unfavorable environmental conditions will provide a better understanding of how crops can adapt and thereby assist in selecting climate-resilient crops that can withstand climate variability. This review highlights the main adaptive physiological and biochemical responses of crops grown under elevated CO2 (eCO2) and exposed to combined abiotic stresses (drought and heat). Moreover, the mitigation and limitation impact of elevated CO2 on plants under the combination of stress is discussed.

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Revathy, G., P. Aurchana, R. Madonna Arieth, N. S. Kavitha, A. Ramalingam et Kiran Ramaswamy. « HANA : A Performance-Based Machine Learning and Neural Network Approach for Climate Resilient Agriculture ». Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (15 juillet 2022) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2658211.

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The importance of agricultural crops in India has been understated in terms of production during the last two decades, owing to global warming and other factors. Policymakers and farmers would benefit from imagining crop yields well before harvest to help them make appropriate marketing and storage decisions. Crop yields will benefit from such estimates as well. Several systems for predicting and modelling agricultural yields have been developed in the past, with varying degrees of effectiveness, due to the fact that they do not objectively account for meteorological aspects and seasonal climate variations. The importance of agricultural crops in India has been understated in terms of production during the last two decades, owing to global warming and other factors. Policymakers and farmers would benefit from imagining crop yields well before harvest to help them make appropriate marketing and storage decisions. Crop yields will benefit from such estimates as well. Several systems for predicting and modelling agricultural yields have been developed in the past, with varying degrees of effectiveness, due to the fact that they do not objectively account for meteorological aspects and seasonal climate variations. The method makes use of climate data from Thanjavur, India’s soils. To choose the optimal crop for a particular set of input and climate conditions, the system leverages real-time input of location-specific soil attributes. The model is been tested with various machine learning techniques such as NB, KNN, SVM, and decision tree. Among all these methods, the SVM gives the good results. The accuracy of the model was determined using LSTM, SVM, and Tabu search optimization. TSO with SVM has an 89% accuracy value.

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Beacham, Andrew M., Paul Hand, Guy C. Barker, Katherine J. Denby, Graham R. Teakle, Peter G. Walley et James M. Monaghan. « Addressing the threat of climate change to agriculture requires improving crop resilience to short-term abiotic stress ». Outlook on Agriculture 47, n^o 4 (25 octobre 2018) : 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018807722.

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Climate change represents a serious threat to global agriculture, necessitating the development of more environmentally resilient crops to safeguard the future of food production. The effects of climate change are appearing to include a higher frequency of extreme weather events and increased day-to-day weather variability. As such, crops which are able to cope with short-term environmental stress, in addition to those that are tolerant to longer term stress conditions are required . It is becoming apparent that the hitherto relatively little studied process of post-stress plant recovery could be key to optimizing growth and production under fluctuating conditions with intermittent transient stress events. Developing more durable crops requires the provision of genetic resources to identify useful traits through the development of screening protocols. Such traits can then become the objective of crop breeding programmes. In this study, we discuss these issues and outline example research in leafy vegetables that is investigating resilience to short-term abiotic stress.

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Tiwari, A. K., D. S. Mishra, Salesh Kumar et D. M. C. Champathi Gunathilake. « Exploitation of Climate Resilient Minor Tropical Fruit Crops for Nutritional and Livelihood Security in Fiji Islands ». International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, n^o 11 (10 novembre 2018) : 2135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.240.

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Renzetti, Stefano, Heikki Aisala, Ruth T. Ngadze, Anita R. Linnemann et Martijn W. Noort. « Bread Products from Blends of African Climate Resilient Crops : Baking Quality, Sensory Profile and Consumers’ Perception ». Foods 12, n^o 4 (5 février 2023) : 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040689.

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With food insecurity rising dramatically in Sub-Saharan Africa, promoting the use of sorghum, cowpea and cassava flours in staple food such as bread may reduce wheat imports and stimulate the local economy through new value chains. However, studies addressing the technological functionality of blends of these crops and the sensory properties of the obtained breads are scarce. In this study, cowpea varieties (i.e., Glenda and Bechuana), dry-heating of cowpea flour and cowpea to sorghum ratio were studied for their effects on the physical and sensory properties of breads made from flour blends. Increasing cowpea Glenda flour addition from 9 to 27% (in place of sorghum) significantly improved bread specific volume and crumb texture in terms of instrumental hardness and cohesiveness. These improvements were explained by higher water binding, starch gelatinization temperatures and starch granule integrity during pasting of cowpea compared to sorghum and cassava. Differences in physicochemical properties among cowpea flours did not significantly affect bread properties and texture sensory attributes. However, cowpea variety and dry-heating significantly affected flavour attributes (i.e., beany, yeasty and ryebread). Consumer tests indicated that composite breads could be significantly distinguished for most of the sensory attributes compared to commercial wholemeal wheat bread. Nevertheless, the majority of consumers scored the composite breads from neutral to positive with regard to liking. Using these composite doughs, chapati were produced in Uganda by street vendors and tin breads by local bakeries, demonstrating the practical relevance of the study and the potential impact for the local situation. Overall, this study shows that sorghum, cowpea and cassava flour blends can be used for commercial bread-type applications instead of wheat in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Singh, Roshan Kumar, et Manoj Prasad. « Foxtail Millet : A Climate-Resilient Crop Species with Potential to Ensure Food and Agriculture Security Amidst Global Climate Change ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 6, n^o 03 (25 juillet 2020) : 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v6i03.01.

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Foxtail millet is one among the earliest cultivated and climate-resilient crop species with an immense nutritional profile. They are adapted to grow under a wide range of harsh environmental conditions ranging from high temperature to drought and salinity. It does not demand proper irrigation, artificial soil nutrients or insecticide. But they are incredible with their nutritional contents; almost five to ten times more nutritionally richer than the extensively consumed rice or wheat in terms of micronutrients, fibres and vitamins. It is a staple food crop in the various regions of Asia and Africa. The current COVID-19 pandemic and forthcoming environmental challenges may lead to the instability of agriculture and food security. Therefore, foxtail millet may serve an emissary crop to meet the demand of food supply for humans and cattle as well as rejuvenate other economically important crops against environmental constraints through biotechnological approaches.

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Gugissa, Desalegn A., Zewdu Abro et Tadele Tefera. « Achieving a Climate-Change Resilient Farming System through Push–Pull Technology : Evidence from Maize Farming Systems in Ethiopia ». Sustainability 14, n^o 5 (24 février 2022) : 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052648.

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Building climate-resilient farming systems is important to promote the sustainability of agriculture at the global level. Scaling-up agroecological approaches in main staple crops, such as maize, is particularly important in enhancing the climate resilience of millions of smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this regard, push–pull technology (PPT) is an ecological approach to a farming system that aims to improve the climate resilience of maize producers in a smallholder mixed farming system. PPT is primarily designed to control pests and weeds in an ecofriendly approach, to improve soil fertility, to improve livestock feed, and to increase farmers’ incomes. In this study, we compared the level of climate resilience between PPT maize farming systems and non-PPT maize farming systems in southern Ethiopia. Using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Self-Evaluation and Holistic Assessment of Climate Resilience of Farmers and Pastoralists (SHARP), we measured 13 agroecosystem indicators of climate resilience and compared the degree to which the two farming systems differ in their level of resilience to climate change. The results indicate that PPT farming systems are more climate-resilient than their non-PPT counterparts. PPT maize farming systems had a significant impact on 8 out of the 13 agroecosystem indicators of climate resilience. To harness the full benefits of PPT, governmental extension agents, NGOs, and agricultural researchers should promote PPT-based maize farming systems. The promotion of PPT needs concerted efforts and strong national coordination in solving PPT implementation barriers, such as improving access to input and output markets and animal health services.

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Carr, Tony W., Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Alcade C. Segnon, Zakari Ali, Robert Zougmoré, Alan D. Dangour, Rosemary Green et Pauline Scheelbeek. « Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for crops in West Africa : a systematic review ». Environmental Research Letters 17, n^o 5 (19 avril 2022) : 053001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac61c8.

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Abstract Agriculture in West Africa faces the challenge of meeting the rising demand for food as national incomes and populations increase while production becomes more uncertain due to climate change. Crop production models can provide helpful information on agricultural yields under a range of climate change scenarios and on the impact of adaptation strategies. Here, we report a systematic review of the impact of climate change on the yield of major staple crops in West Africa. Unlike earlier reviews we pay particular attention to the potential of common agricultural adaptation strategies (such as optimised planting dates, use of fertilisers and climate-resilient crop varieties) to mitigate the effects of climate change on crop yields. We systematically searched two databases for literature published between 2005 and 2020 and identified 35 relevant studies. We analysed yield changes of major staple crops (maize, sorghum, rice, millet, yam, cassava and groundnuts) caused by different climate change and field management scenarios. Yields declined by a median of 6% (−8% to +2% depending on the crop) due to climate change in all scenarios analysed. We show that the common adaptation strategies could increase crop yields affected by climate change by 13% (−4% to +19% depending on the strategy) as compared to business-as-usual field management practices, and that optimised planting dates and cultivars with longer crop cycle duration could in fact offset the negative effects of climate change on crop yields. Increased fertiliser use has not mitigated the impact of climate change on crops but could substantially increase yields now and in the future. Our results suggest that a combination of increased fertiliser use and adopting cropping practices that take advantage of favourable climate conditions have great potential to protect and enhance future crop production in West Africa.

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Bisbis, Mehdi B., Nazim S. Gruda et Michael M. Blanke. « Securing Horticulture in a Changing Climate—A Mini Review ». Horticulturae 5, n^o 3 (2 août 2019) : 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5030056.

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(1) Background: Climate change is on the rise due to continuous greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic activities ever since the industrial revolution. Changing weather conditions are likely to have consequences for horticulture. (2) Objective and Methods: A short literature review was conducted, gathering findings on climate change and the impacts on the yield and product quality of special crops. (3) Results: Global warming will result in elevated temperatures and CO2 concentrations in all seasons. Extreme weather events such as heat waves are also on the increase. In vegetables, physiological processes such as vernalization and winter chilling strongly rely on temperature. Therefore, heat stress may cause irregularities in yield production and planning the harvest. For fruit crops, frost poses a risk that is enhanced through climate change, as does a lack of chilling, as cold temperatures in the winter are required for flowering in the spring. Abiotic disorders in horticulture are also related to changing temperatures and humidity. The nutritional quality of special crops may be threatened by increasing rates of plant development and premature ripening at high temperatures. Quality traits such as sugars, acids, or antioxidant capacity may also shift as well. (4) Conclusions: Adapting to these new climate conditions means developing new climate-resilient varieties to maintain high production levels with superior quality. In this mini review, cultivation measures to mitigate adverse climate impacts are also discussed. Current developments and recent findings are presented, pointing out further steps toward adaptation and sustainable production.

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de Vries, Franciska T., Rob I. Griffiths, Christopher G. Knight, Oceane Nicolitch et Alex Williams. « Harnessing rhizosphere microbiomes for drought-resilient crop production ». Science 368, n^o 6488 (16 avril 2020) : 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5192.

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Root-associated microbes can improve plant growth, and they offer the potential to increase crop resilience to future drought. Although our understanding of the complex feedbacks between plant and microbial responses to drought is advancing, most of our knowledge comes from non-crop plants in controlled experiments. We propose that future research efforts should attempt to quantify relationships between plant and microbial traits, explicitly focus on food crops, and include longer-term experiments under field conditions. Overall, we highlight the need for improved mechanistic understanding of the complex feedbacks between plants and microbes during, and particularly after, drought. This requires integrating ecology with plant, microbiome, and molecular approaches and is central to making crop production more resilient to our future climate.

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Vetriventhan, M., Vania C. R. Azevedo, H. D. Upadhyaya, A. Nirmalakumari, Joanna Kane-Potaka, S. Anitha, S. Antony Ceasar et al. « Genetic and genomic resources, and breeding for accelerating improvement of small millets : current status and future interventions ». Nucleus 63, n^o 3 (4 juillet 2020) : 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13237-020-00322-3.

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AbstractCurrent agricultural and food systems encourage research and development on major crops, neglecting regionally important minor crops. Small millets include a group of small- seeded cereal crops of the grass family Poaceae. This includes finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, teff, fonio, job’s tears, guinea millet, and browntop millet. Small millets are an excellent choice to supplement major staple foods for crop and dietary diversity because of their diverse adaptation on marginal lands, less water requirement, lesser susceptibility to stresses, and nutritional superiority compared to major cereal staples. Growing interest among consumers about healthy diets together with climate-resilient features of small millets underline the necessity of directing more research and development towards these crops. Except for finger millet and foxtail millet, and to some extent proso millet and teff, other small millets have received minimal research attention in terms of development of genetic and genomic resources and breeding for yield enhancement. Considerable breeding efforts were made in finger millet and foxtail millet in India and China, respectively, proso millet in the United States of America, and teff in Ethiopia. So far, five genomes, namely foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, teff, and Japanese barnyard millet, have been sequenced, and genome of foxtail millet is the smallest (423-510 Mb) while the largest one is finger millet (1.5 Gb). Recent advances in phenotyping and genomics technologies, together with available germplasm diversity, could be utilized in small millets improvement. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the importance of small millets, the global status of their germplasm, diversity, promising germplasm resources, and breeding approaches (conventional and genomic approaches) to accelerate climate-resilient and nutrient-dense small millets for sustainable agriculture, environment, and healthy food systems.

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Shrestha, Anu Joshi, et Bishnu Hari Pandit. « Action Research into a Flood Resilient Value Chain – Biochar-Based Organic Fertilizer Doubles Productivity of Pea in Udayapur, Nepal ». KnE Life Sciences 3, n^o 5 (11 septembre 2017) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i5.974.

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Green growth and flood resilient value chain development have been foremost in the minds of vegetable growers in six villages of Udayapur District when they agreed to join pea field trials for a self-made biochar based organic fertilizer. Like so many Nepalese women and men who depend on farming for their livelihoods their top concern was getting high crop yields while lowering their input costs. Farmers of six villages (240 migrant workers' families) are now showing how boosting agriculture productivity and saving costs at the farm level can go hand in hand with national climate change strategies particularly in replacing chemical fertilizers in tropical soils of Nepal, an Action Research project result revealed. The results demonstrated that the biochar based organic fertilizer has enhanced the nutrient efficiency by increasing yields of at least four vegetable crops (peas, bottle gourd, cauliflower, and tomato) in the study area, and this technology was found more resilient to adverse climate (flood and drought) conditions. The trials have further investigated that the combination of biochar and cow urine, a source of nutrients readily available to farmers, have increased fresh pea yields double folds from (3 to 7) t · ha–1 in off season (end of Dec. to Mar.). With this learning, a flood resilient pea value chain was developed, where farmers could get increase in income from 9.92 % (traditional value chain) to 44.32 % (upgraded value chain). Further benefits of biochar based organic fertilizer have been recorded with increase of soil organic matter content in the root zone of crops and soil moisture content.

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Singh, R. P. « Productivity Enhancement among Cereal Crops by Mitigating Climate Change Effect through Deployment of Climate Resilient Varieties in India : Evidence from the Field ». Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability 3, n^o 2 (2015) : 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-642x.2015.00016.2.

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Paudel, Mina Nath. « Global effect of climate change and food security with respect to Nepal ». Journal of Agriculture and Environment 16 (1 juin 2015) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v16i0.19836.

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The effect of global climate change in Nepal could be observed by glacier retreat in the Himalaya region and change in the pattern of the south west monsoon which is the only reliable source of water for farming. Climate change has been occurred in Terai, hills and mountain of Nepal resulting change in agriculture systems leading to the emergence of new insect, pest and disease of crops and animals. There are frequent losses of lives, crops and, human settlements due to occurrence of flash floods, droughts, typhoon and hurricanes in the world mainly due to climate change. Global food production and trade have been affected by the negative consequences of climate change as a result countries like Nepal are also victimized due to the negative effect of climate change. Increase in C02concentration in the atmosphere and change in precipitation are being the main cause of floods, droughts, glacier retreat, and melting of snows, hence, change in the flora and fauna globally. To address such measures of climate change, Nepal has been trying to develop some adoptive ways such as development of climate resilient technology including crop varieties, animal breeds; agronomic practices that could address vagaries of climate change and sustain food and nutritional security. In Nepal, the effect of climate change is more pronounced in hills and mountains with respect to increase in temperature than that of Terai. This paper tries to address issue of global climate change with respect to food security of Nepal by applying some of the pragmatic adoptive measures to follow in agriculture for sustaining food security in Nepal.

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Numan, Muhammad, Desalegn D. Serba et Ayalew Ligaba-Osena. « Alternative Strategies for Multi-Stress Tolerance and Yield Improvement in Millets ». Genes 12, n^o 5 (14 mai 2021) : 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050739.

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Millets are important cereal crops cultivated in arid and semiarid regions of the world, particularly Africa and southeast Asia. Climate change has triggered multiple abiotic stresses in plants that are the main causes of crop loss worldwide, reducing average yield for most crops by more than 50%. Although millets are tolerant to most abiotic stresses including drought and high temperatures, further improvement is needed to make them more resilient to unprecedented effects of climate change and associated environmental stresses. Incorporation of stress tolerance traits in millets will improve their productivity in marginal environments and will help in overcoming future food shortage due to climate change. Recently, approaches such as application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been used to improve growth and development, as well as stress tolerance of crops. Moreover, with the advance of next-generation sequencing technology, genome editing, using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) system are increasingly used to develop stress tolerant varieties in different crops. In this paper, the innate ability of millets to tolerate abiotic stresses and alternative approaches to boost stress resistance were thoroughly reviewed. Moreover, several stress-resistant genes were identified in related monocots such as rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays), and other related species for which orthologs in millets could be manipulated by CRISPR/Cas9 and related genome-editing techniques to improve stress resilience and productivity. These cutting-edge alternative strategies are expected to bring this group of orphan crops at the forefront of scientific research for their potential contribution to global food security.

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BEHERA, U. K., V. PARAMESHA et AMIT KUMAR. « Comparative economics of indigenous Kulagar and Integrated Farming Systems under coastal agro-ecosystem of Goa ». Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n^o 8 (14 octobre 2020) : 1555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105962.

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A study was conducted during 2016-17 at coastal ecology of Goa comprising farmers from different villages in North Goa and South Goa to assess the economic benefit of two prevalent types of farming systems. In this study, Integrated Farming System (IFS) and Indigenous Kulagar Farming Systems (IKFS) were compared; and overall it was revealed that both are useful in enhancing the livelihood of small and marginal farmers, attracted the rural youth through generation of additional income and employment opportunities. There is need to modify the IKFS with integration of high value crops and having high market demand to make the system more remunerative and attractive. The IFS and IKFS have been the mainstay of economy and livelihood of farmers in Goa state. The mosaic structure of Kulagar with variety of crops offers a scope for inbuilt biodiversity as an index of sustainability in agriculture. Besides, both systems are climate resilient and proved potential for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. IFS and IKFS may be promoted in large scale in coastal agro-ecosystem in other parts of the country as an important strategy for enhancing livelihood and climate resilience in agriculture.

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Adhikari, Prabhakar, Hailu Araya, Gerald Aruna, Arun Balamatti, Soumik Banerjee, P. Baskaran, B. C. Barah et al. « System of crop intensification for more productive, resource-conserving, climate-resilient, and sustainable agriculture : experience with diverse crops in varying agroecologies ». International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 16, n^o 1 (20 novembre 2017) : 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2017.1402504.

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Meena, Vijay Singh, Jagan Singh Gora, Akath Singh, Chet Ram, Nirmal Kumar Meena, Pratibha, Youssef Rouphael, Boris Basile et Pradeep Kumar. « Underutilized Fruit Crops of Indian Arid and Semi-Arid Regions : Importance, Conservation and Utilization Strategies ». Horticulturae 8, n^o 2 (18 février 2022) : 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020171.

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Nowadays, there is a large demand for nutrient-dense fruits to promote nutritional and metabolic human health. The production of commercial fruit crops is becoming progressively input-dependent to cope with the losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. A wide variety of underutilized crops, which are neither commercially cultivated nor traded on a large scale, are mainly grown, commercialized and consumed locally. These underutilized fruits have many advantages in terms of ease to grow, hardiness and resilience to climate changes compared to the major commercially grown crops. In addition, they are exceptionally rich in important phytochemicals and have medicinal value. Hence, their consumption may help to meet the nutritional needs of rural populations, such as those living in fragile arid and semi-arid regions around the world. In addition, local people are well aware of the nutritional and medicinal properties of these crops. Therefore, emphasis must be given to the rigorous study of the conservation and the nutritional characterization of these crops so that the future food basket may be widened for enhancing its functional and nutritional values. In this review, we described the ethnobotany, medicinal and nutritional values, biodiversity conservation and utilization strategies of 19 climate-resilient important, underutilized fruit crops of arid and semi-arid regions (Indian jujube, Indian gooseberry, lasora, bael, kair, karonda, tamarind, wood apple, custard apple, jamun, jharber, mahua, pilu, khejri, mulberry, chironji, manila tamarind, timroo, khirni).

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SIKKA, A. K., B. BAPUJI RAO et V. U. M. RAO. « Agricultural disaster management and contingency planning to meet the challenges of extreme weather events ». MAUSAM 67, n^o 1 (8 décembre 2021) : 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v67i1.1173.

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Natural disasters of hydro-meteorological nature are playing a key role in the economic development of India. Agricultural production in India is largely dependent on the performance of summer monsoon rainfall. Apart from its spatial and temporal variability, several climatic anomalies / extremes attaining disastrous form at times were found to influence the country's agricultural production. Nature and magnitude of climate extremes that frequent India are presented with their history and region of occurrence. Droughts and floods are found to be paramount. Of late, hailstorms, cold and heat wave conditions are also exerting considerable influence on field and orchard crops. Trends in extreme events, their frequency and effects on crops are discussed. Regions in the country prone to be sensitive to the various weather extremes are presented. Management strategies and contingency planning to be adopted to cope-up the weather extremes are elucidated. Few case studies on the successful strategies adopted at the field level to cope-up extreme weather events under National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) program are reported.

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