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1
Urpelainen, Johannes. « Explaining the Schwarzenegger Phenomenon : Local Frontrunners in Climate Policy ». Global Environmental Politics 9, no 3 (août 2009) : 82–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.3.82.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The surge of local climate policy is a puzzling political-economic phenomenon. Why have local policy-makers, incapable of mitigating global warming through individual emissions reductions, adopted ambitious policies while national governments refrain from action? I construct a game-theoretic model of two-level climate policy with incomplete information over political benefits. In equilibrium, the government selects a lax national regulation, and local policy-makers with private information on high local benefits choose more ambitious policies despite incentives to free ride. The analysis also suggests that even though local policy-makers prefer not to reveal information to the government, they must do so to pursue short-term political gains. Counterintuitively, new information can lead to more ambitious national regulation even if the government learns that the local political benefits are likely lower than expected. As an empirical application, I study the evolution of climate policies in the United States.
2
Wellstead, Adam M., et Richard C. Stedman. « The Role of Climate Change Policy Work in Canada ». Canadian Political Science Review 6, no 1 (4 juillet 2012) : 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24124/c677/2012379.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An ongoing concern with many Canada’s governments
is avoiding climate change related policy failure,
including that associated with climate change. In response,
there has been a spate of government-led climate change
vulnerability and risk assessments, studies, and strategies.
With a growing attention on developing the ‘right’ policies
and program to address climate change needs to be examined
as an important factor in ‘adaptive capacity’. As governments
turn their attention from broad strategizing to
policy-making, we argue that a consideration of the often
overlooked micro-level and seemingly routine government
based capacity—especially the advice needed to formulate
and implement policy changes—is required. A high level of
policy capacity is an important factor in avoiding policy
failures. The questionnaire was delivered through a webbased
survey of 1469 Canadian provincial and territorial
government policy analysts working in nine provinces and
three territorial jurisdictions in the climate change, environmental,
financial, forestry, natural resource, infrastructure,
transportation, and water sectors. A comparison of
mean scores across key indicators of policy work was conducted.
A number of policy implications were raised. First,
those in financial sector do very little climate change policy
work. Second, the fracturing of roles in those departments
responsible for forestry reflects the complexity of the climate
change issue and a developed division of labour. Those who
identified with forestry sector, under performed despite their
concern about climate change, in terms of key policy tasks,
the level of complexity that the issues were addressed and a
low level engagement with stakeholders with those outside
of government. Policy capacity was also undermined with a
view that departments were committed vis a vis their mission
statements but that this commitment was not reflected
in their daily operations.
3
Maher, Sasha, et Adam Forbes. « Responsible Forest-centred Climate Policy ». Policy Quarterly 18, no 2 (20 mai 2022) : 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v18i2.7574.
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The 2021 Glasgow Climate Pact and latest IPCC reports unequivocally recognise that urgent, concerted action is needed to address theinterconnected crises of climate change and biodiversity. These twin emergencies are now viewed as one and forests are at the centre of this emergent but dominant discourse. Aotearoa New Zealand faces the challenge of addressing this call to action and is well resourced to responsibly answer. There are multiple forestry models available to the government to select from, but often the difficulty lies in discerning the differences between models. Here we tackle this issue by assessing the spectrum of forestry models and evaluating the biodiversity and carbon sequestration outcomes of each. We then suggest that models which incorporate native species are best placed to solve the twin crises and, as such, government should prioritise native forests in its climate policy framework.
4
Wallace, Matthew L. « A Climate for Science Policy ». Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, no 4 (1 septembre 2015) : 577–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.4.577.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Led by the Meteorological Service of Canada, atmospheric research in Canada underwent a period of rapid growth after the end of the Second World War. Within this federal organization, and in response to operational challenges and staff shortages, there were significant investments in basic research and in research oriented toward external users within Canada. Specifically, new policies and programs were put in place to enable the organization to gain legitimacy within the scientific community and within the federal government. New links with stakeholders and, more importantly, the development of explicit policies to guide research were a prime focus. These formalized strategies for pursuing two parallel types of research generated some internal conflict, but also helped form a common scientific identity among personnel. There were concerted efforts to disseminate research products and reinforce links both with the scientific community and with external users of meteorological and climatological research. Borne out by quantitative data, this science policy–centered history sheds light on the development of research and research specializations in the field in Canada. Most importantly, it provides insight into the global postwar expansion of the atmospheric sciences, which is strongly tied to national contexts. Indeed, the quest for legitimacy and the close connection to government priorities is central to the history of the atmospheric sciences in the twentieth century. More broadly, this case study points to a possible new conception of government science driven by political, bureaucratic, and scientific imperatives, as a means to shed light on scientific networks and practices.
5
du Plessis, Anél, et Louis J. Kotzé. « The Heat is On : Local Government and Climate Governance in South Africa ». Journal of African Law 58, no 1 (24 mars 2014) : 145–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855314000047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDeparting from the fact that climate change poses localized effects, this article critically considers from a legal perspective the role of local authorities in the South African government's response to climate change. A brief review of the relevance of climate mitigation and adaptation is followed by an explanation of what these concepts mean for local government. The article then discusses the extent to which the country's environmental and local government law and policy framework provides for municipalities' participation and involvement in climate governance. The article identifies strengths and weaknesses in relation to the local sphere of government's formal involvement in climate governance vis-à-vis authorities in the provincial and national spheres. It concludes that, as a result of their proximity to the effects of climate change, municipalities have a critically important role to play in the climate governance effort, despite the patchwork of environmental and local government laws and lack of explicit, consolidated policy and legal arrangements to this effect.
6
SHOBE, WILLIAM M., et DALLAS BURTRAW. « RETHINKING ENVIRONMENTAL FEDERALISM IN A WARMING WORLD ». Climate Change Economics 03, no 04 (novembre 2012) : 1250018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007812500182.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate change policy analysis has focused almost exclusively on national policy and even on harmonizing climate policies across countries, implicitly assuming that harmonization of climate policies at the subnational level would be mandated or guaranteed. We argue that the design and implementation of climate policy in a federal union will diverge in important ways from policy design in a unitary government. National climate policies built on the assumption of a unitary model of governance are unlikely to achieve the expected outcome because of interactions with policy choices made at the subnational level. In a federal system, the information and incentives generated by a national policy must pass through various levels of subnational fiscal and regulatory policy. Effective policy design must recognize both the constraints and the opportunities presented by a federal structure of government. Furthermore, policies that take advantage of the federal structure of government can improve climate governance outcomes.
7
Roguska, Zofia. « Samorząd terytorialny w Polsce w świetle wyzwań polityki klimatycznej ». Studia Iuridica, no 85 (15 mars 2021) : 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-85.14.
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Achievement of climate goals adopted at the EU level requires the widest possible involvement of local government units, in particular cities responsible for a significant part of greenhouse gas emissions. For over a decade, the EC has been taking steps to better manage the scale of the EU member states’ climate efforts at the local level through the use of so-called instruments of soft regulation. These actions, aimed at putting pressure on the governments of the EU member states to mobilize them to take more ambitious actions in the field of climate protection, lead to the creation of new informal instruments supporting implementation of the EU legislation. The article discusses this phenomenon on the example of the Covenant of Mayors operating since 2008.
8
Kwa, Kai Xiang. « Combating Climate Change through Network Governance in Singapore’s and Australia’s Air, Land and Water Sectors from 2000 to 2019 ». Sustainability 15, no 5 (23 février 2023) : 4056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Reversing the detrimental effects of climate change requires governments worldwide to collaborate with academia and industry to pursue more environmentally friendly socio-economic national policies. Towards these ends, Singapore and Australia provide useful but currently lacking insights. This warrants case-study-driven interrogations into the government/industry/academia-oriented success and risk factors respectively informing their well-performing climate change policies and under-performing climate change policies in the air, land and water sectors from 2000 to 2019 (n = 8). By employing the Triple Helix Theory to analyse the policies, the notable success factors found are government-industry organizational belief in the long-term commercial potential of scientific climate change potential; government-industry-academia recognition of collective intellectual and technological collaboration as necessary; government-industry-academia commitment to methodically pre-empt and mitigate potential conflicts. In contrast, the notable risk factors involve inadequate/un-sustained organizational will by governments to pursue long-term environmentally friendly economic development; government-industry-academia managerial oversight in climate change resource allocation. Finally, implications for future climate change research and policy are discussed.
9
Swallow, Brent M., et Thomas W. Goddard. « Developing Alberta’s greenhouse gas offset system within Canadian and international policy contexts ». International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no 3 (16 mai 2016) : 318–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-04-2015-0040.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose This paper aims to track the development of climate policy in the province of Alberta, Canada, particularly the province’s unique greenhouse gas emission offset mechanism. The analysis shows how the policy has influenced, and been influenced by, policy processes at the national and international levels. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins with an analytical framework that recognizes different types of influence between international, national and provincial climate policy processes. That framework is used to structure a review of four historical periods of climate policy change: prior to 1992, 1992 to 2002, 2002 to 2012 and between 2012 and mid-2015. Findings The analysis illustrates the interplay between the Alberta approach to climate policy and the international and national policy contexts. A period of intense policy conflict between Canada’s federal and provincial governments led to a situation in which the Alberta Government sought to lead rather than follow national policy. Subsequent periods have seen the Canadian national government oscillate between following the lead of Alberta or the USA. Research limitations/implications Rather than national and international policies simply setting the context for Alberta’s policy, the paper identifies multiple flows of influence between the three levels of governance. The results illustrate the need to consider forward and backward flows of influence between the different levels of government that set climate change policies. Elements of several models of policy change are supported. Practical implications The Alberta climate mitigation policy has many elements that can be effective in reducing carbon emissions in a way that is both flexible and predictable. These elements are of interest to other jurisdictions. Other elements of the current policy, however, limit its effectiveness in reducing emissions. More concerted policy action is needed to mitigate carbon emissions in Alberta for Canada to meet its agreed targets. Originality/value No other paper has tracked the historical evolution of climate policy at the provincial/state level in a way that clarifies the forward and backward linkages with national and international policy.
10
Zhao, Yue, Shuang Lyu et Zhu Wang. « Prospects for Climate Change Litigation in China ». Transnational Environmental Law 8, no 02 (29 mai 2019) : 349–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102519000116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractWhile legal scholarship seeks mainly to assess the impact of climate change litigation (CCL) on the regulatory state and on climate change policy in common law countries, the potential influence of government climate policy on the judicial practices of jurisdictions with different legal traditions attracts much less attention. This article fills the gaps by exploring how courts in China, an authoritarian country with a civil law tradition, react to government climate policies and how this judicial response might affect relevant legal rules and eventually contribute to climate regulation. An empirical analysis of 177 Chinese judicial cases reveals that CCL in China consists mostly of contract-based civil actions steered by the government's low-carbon policies. Moreover, although the prospects of CCL against public authorities in China remain very bleak, there is scope for the emergence of tort-based CCL, backed by government policies. In this respect, recent tort-based public interest litigation on air pollution in China may serve as a substitute or, more promisingly, a gateway to the emergence of a tort-based branch of Chinese CCL.
11
Boge, D. « Climate Protection Policy from the Point of View of Energy Policy ». Energy & ; Environment 5, no 1 (mars 1994) : 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500105.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Noticeable success in reducing CO2 emissions can only be reached if the government provides the necessary framework and if a strategy of climate protection is developed with - and not against - the economy. A policy of deliberate energy price increase, geared towards the producers with possibilities of compensation, mixed with a system of direct government incentives and limited legal measures as well as self-obligation, can best achieve reductions in emissions of 25-30%. Even if this target is reached in Germany - as CO2 emissions would only temporarily fall by 1% - the global greenhouse problem would not be changed drastically. A strategy for keeping in check the anthropogenic greenhouse effect has to be designed globally. At the very least, action in the whole EC is required. The suggestion of the EC-commission to introduce an EC CO2/energy tax is to be applauded.
12
Chin, Phaik Nie, Punitha Jayapalan et Yashar Salamzadeh. « PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND ADAPTATION TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY IN MALAYSIA ». Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no 29 (1 septembre 2022) : 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.729004.
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This study examined the relationship between public risk perception, public awareness, public knowledge and public adaptation towards climate change policies in Malaysia, with attitude towards climate change as the mediator. This study adopted selfadministered online questionnaires to collect inputs from Malaysians across all states. A total of 200 usable data was analysed in this study. The SPSS was used for the descriptive statistics analysis and SmartPLS was used for the measurement model and structural model analysis. Based on the findings, the results show that public risk perception has a significant effect on public adaptation towards climate change. Besides, public attitude mediates the relationship between public risk perception and adaptation towards climate change policy. These results will be useful for the government and industries in understanding public perceptions and attitudes towards climate change policies initiated by the government. Thus, it provides insights for the government in formulating climate change policy.
13
Rhodes, Ekaterina, Tamara Krawchenko, Katherine Pearce et Karena Shaw. « Scaling up local climate action : A survey of climate policy priorities in the Vancouver Island and Coastal Communities region ». Canadian Planning and Policy / Aménagement et politique au Canada 2021 (26 mars 2021) : 36–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/cpp-apc.v2021i01.14469.
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Regional planning can help functionally-connected communities share expertise and the costs of climate action and amplify collective concerns and needs to upper-level governments. Understanding communities’ climate impacts, policies and barriers to action is foundational to the development of regional-scale climate planning. In support of a nascent climate strategy in the Vancouver Island and Coastal Communities region of British Columbia, our study employs a web-based survey of local government officials (n=106) to identify the existing climate impacts, policy priorities, barriers, and opportunities that guide climate policy-making in the region, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that nearly all communities have experienced climate-related impacts and have implemented a variety of climate policies. However, local governments face substantial barriers—including a lack of financial resources, authority and staffing capacity—to pursue climate action and planning.
14
Christoff *, Peter. « Policy autism or double-edged dismissiveness ? Australia's climate policy under the Howard government ». Global Change, Peace & ; Security 17, no 1 (février 2005) : 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951274052000319346.
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Zhao, Xiaofan, et Ye Qi. « Three Decades of Climate Policymaking in China : A View of Learning ». Sustainability 14, no 4 (15 février 2022) : 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042202.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate policymaking in China has gone through three major phases over the course of three decades. This paper applies the concept of policy learning to an analysis of what the Chinese government has learned about climate policymaking during this period. Our analysis shows that this thirty-year history of climate policymaking can be viewed as a conceptual learning process because the Chinese government has continuously adjusted the problem definition of climate change, redefined climate policy goals, and updated climate strategies. First, the Chinese leadership has redefined climate change from a scientific and diplomatic problem, to a developmental and strategic issue, and finally to an overarching grand strategy guiding national development in the next forty years. Second, the Chinese government has fundamentally redefined its climate policy goal from avoiding climate action so as to foster economic development to reinvigorating economic development through climate action. Third, the Chinese government has updated its climate change strategy from solely emphasizing climate mitigation to a more balanced consideration of mitigation and adaptation, and from state-dominant governance processes to more diversified governance processes that involve the participation of the corporate sector and a greater a role of the law.
16
Hasegawa, Takahiko. « Climate change, adaptation and government policy for the building sector ». Building Research & ; Information 32, no 1 (janvier 2004) : 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0961321032000148488.
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Wellstead, Adam M., et Richard C. Stedman. « Climate Change Policy Capacity at the Sub-National Government Level ». Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis : Research and Practice 13, no 5 (novembre 2011) : 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2011.605937.
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Carmona, Pedro, Nicolae Stef, Sami Ben Jabeur et Younes Ben Zaied. « Climate change and government policy : Fresh insights from complexity theory ». Journal of Environmental Management 338 (juillet 2023) : 117831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117831.
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Mushitsi, Patrick, Nay Min San et Aurore Shania Nsabimana. « Climate Change in Kenya : Understanding Major Threats and Government Policies for Resilience ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no 11 (25 novembre 2023) : 3741–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113554.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article aims to describe and highlight major climate threats found in Kenya and climate change policy implemented by the government of Kenya from 2010 to 2022. Climate change poses a severe threat to the living conditions of citizens and wildlife worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in the absence of implemented policies, living conditions can be further deteriorated.
While Africa may not contribute significantly to air pollution, there are other human activities that pollute the environment and need to be eliminated, as African people are already suffering from the impacts of climate change. African countries must take necessary steps to initiate sustainable development policies that ensure a better life for their citizens.
In the case of Kenya, droughts and floods have resulted in the loss of human and animal lives and have negatively impacted the country's economy. Consequently, the government has implemented necessary measures since 2010 to address the issue of climate change.
Various policies such as the National Climate Change Response Strategy (2010), the National Environment Policy (2013), Kenya National Adaptation Plan 2015-2030, Climate Change Bill (2014), National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP 2013-2017), National Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2022), and National Drought Management Authority (2016) have been enacted in response to climate change. These policies demonstrate the government's genuine concern for climate change issues. Overall, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of climate change policy in Kenya and raise awareness about the global threat posed by climate change.
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Zainal Abidin, Nor Zaini, Nur Irinah Mohamad Sirat et Nurul Mazrah Manshor. « Malaysia's Climate Change Framework and Local Government Response ». Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, SI13 (17 septembre 2023) : 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8isi13.5044.
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Climate change is a significant global challenge affecting our planet's ecosystems. Addressing this challenge requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders, including businesses, academic institutions, and government at all levels. This paper examines Malaysia’s national policy on climate change and its legal framework at national and international levels. It also aims to consider the response by local authorities. The discussion adopts the doctrinal legal research analysis. The findings of this paper can provide the policymakers, governments, and local authorities in Malaysia to expedite their climate change mitigation effort.
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Duadji, N., D. Purba, A. Juliana, FR Wulandari, SA Zenitha, A. Budiati, D. Kurniasih et GP Djausal. « Biodiversity management policy in indonesia ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1277, no 1 (1 décembre 2023) : 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1277/1/012012.
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Abstract The study examines policies for managing biodiversity in Indonesia from 1990-2020. The study uses evaluation research, especially regulatory impact analysis (RIA), with a qualitative approach. The objects of this research are ten regulatory documents in the form of laws that have received stipulations and various relevant national government commitment actions. The analysis process uses the RIA technique, which includes analysis of strategic problems in biodiversity management and regulatory analysis through the comparison of policy content with issues of public interest, including climate change mitigation, welfare, empowerment, intergovernmental relations, and others. The results: 1) The issue of damage and reduction of biodiversity in Indonesia is high; 2) The government’s partiality through laws reflects limited focus and required actions, minimal regulation of responsibilities across sectors and between institutions (government and non-government), weak sanctions; 3) The law has not placed the community/stakeholders outside the government as subjects in biodiversity management, the government still dominates it. The study contributes to improving the quality of regulations. Public costs can be minimized in the context of policy revisions; on the content side of regulatory revisions, it can suppress lost resources, protect the environment from damage, and mitigate climate change.
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Saryal, Rajnish. « Climate Change Policy of India ». South Asia Research 38, no 1 (22 janvier 2018) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728017745385.
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Since the 1970s, and especially following the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, climate change has become an area of high politics, engaging the whole world at the international and diplomatic level. What matters, though, is how this translates into tangible policies at national and local levels, and how these different scales interact. Highlighting India’s unique position in international climate negotiations, this article first scrutinises various official statements and documents of the Government of India (GOI) on climate change and puts them into an analytical framework that demonstrates continuities, but also significant recent shifts. Investigating the reasons for such modifying trends and examining their consequences, the article then suggests that partly owing to recent changes in global and (geo)political contexts, but also due to an Indian re-thinking of responsibility for addressing global climate change, there is a significant new development. This seems to augur a South Asian ‘silent revolution’ in green technologies, a prudent, economically and ecologically beneficial step, not only for India but possibly a sustainable global model.
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Martin, Stephen, et Nathan Taylor. « Replacing the policy scattergun with a scalpel : setting energy policy in a greenhouse gas constrained environment ». APPEA Journal 53, no 2 (2013) : 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12061.
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Policy uncertainty is a significant issue for all companies in the energy sector. It is particularly problematic when policy decisions are made to change the nature of the energy sector, both now and during the coming decades. Government climate change policy has the potential to reshape the exploration and development of both oil and gas reserves.The energy sector requires policy certainty to undertake long-term decisions. This can occur only when government makes socially sustainable, robust, and well-reasoned climate change policy. The core challenge is determining the merit of different choices given the magnitude of uncertainty that needs to be dealt with. Quantifying the uncertainty of technological innovation, future greenhouse gas emission costs, and capital and operating costs over time allows for the comparison of alternative policies to encourage the deployment of low-carbon technologies. A reliable and affordable supply of energy is a fundamental component to a vibrant economy. CEDA’s research project, Australia’s energy options, has sought to provide objective evidence for informed decision making. It has involved three policy perspectives examining Australia’s nuclear options: renewables and efficiency; unconventional energy options; and, a reform agenda that would enhance the energy sector’s efficiency, security, and effectiveness. This extended abstract builds on this extensive research and discusses how governments at all levels can deal with the uncertainty of climate change and make long-term decisions that will underpin investment decisions across the energy sector.
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Bartle, John, Agustí Bosch et Lluís Orriols. « The policy mood in Spain : the thermostat in a warm climate, 1978–2017 ». European Political Science Review 12, no 2 (14 février 2020) : 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175577392000003x.
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AbstractRepresentative democracies are supposed to be uniquely virtuous in that they ensure that public preferences drive public policy. Dynamic representation is the outcome of a recurring interaction between electorate and parties that can be observed at the macro level. Preferences can shape government policy via two possible mechanisms. ‘Policy accomodation’ suggests that governments respond directly to the electorate’s preferences. ‘Electoral turnover’, on the other hand, assumes that preferences shape policy indirectly. Parties pursue their ideological goals, and public preferences respond ‘thermostatically’ by moving in the opposite direction to policy. This causes voters to switch votes and eventually leads to a turnover of power from one ‘side’ to ‘the other’. In this paper, we estimate preferences for government activity (‘the policy mood’) in Spain between 1978 and 2017. We show that mood responds ‘thermostatically’ to policy. Variations in mood are associated with support for parties. Policy is driven by party control but is not thermostatically responsive to mood. It appears that in Spain – like Britain – dynamic representation can only be achieved by electoral turnover. We consider the implications of this for our understanding of how representation works.
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Harrison, Kathryn, et Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom. « The Comparative Politics of Climate Change ». Global Environmental Politics 7, no 4 (novembre 2007) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2007.7.4.1.
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The authors use a comparative politics framework, examining electoral interests, policy-maker's own normative commitments, and domestic political institutions as factors influencing Annex 1 countries' decisions on Kyoto Protocol ratification and adoption of national policies to mitigate climate change. Economic costs and electoral interests matter a great deal, even when policy-makers are morally motivated to take action on climate change. Leaders' normative commitments may carry the day under centralized institutional conditions, but these commitments can be reversed when leaders change. Electoral systems, federalism, and executive-legislative institutional configurations all influence ratification decisions and subsequent policy adoption. Although institutional configurations may facilitate or hinder government action, high levels of voter concern can trump institutional obstacles. Governments' decisions to ratify, and the reduction targets they face upon ratification, do not necessarily determine their approach to carbon emissions abatement policies: for example, ratifying countries that accept demanding targets may fail to take significant action.
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Xiang, Chenyao, Jiahong Liu, Weiwei Shao, Chao Mei et Jinjun Zhou. « Sponge city construction in China : policy and implementation experiences ». Water Policy 21, no 1 (29 novembre 2018) : 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.021.
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Abstract To deal with the three universal urban water problems – namely storm floods, water pollution and water shortage – China has implemented a comprehensive solution: the Sponge City Construction Project. Sponge cities aim to reduce runoff and pollution, and also to restore downstream ecologies. They combine low impact development methods with grey infrastructures, large-scale flood control projects and rehabilitation. This paper describes Chinese experiences of construction and financing for implementation of sponge cities, which could provide references to other countries for building sustainable, climate-resilient cities and urban water management systems. It illustrates the objectives and methods of the sponge city design and demonstrates the differences in configuration and funding structures in cities of different climates and economic conditions. The total construction area involved in the pilot cities covers 449 km2. The configurations are distinct due to different economic conditions, climates and land forms: a humid district inclines to drainage-efficient approaches and pollution control devices, while a semi-humid district prefers green infrastructures and rainwater reuse facilities. The Chinese government plays an important role in the funding of sponge cities: Chinese central government provided CNY (¥)20.7 billion for the construction of 16 cities during 2015–2017, while the rest came from local governments and non-governmental investors.
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Bergkamp, Lucas. « A Dutch Court’s ‘Revolutionary’ Climate Policy Judgment : The Perversion of Judicial Power, the State’s Duties of Care, and Science ». Journal for European Environmental & ; Planning Law 12, no 3-4 (8 décembre 2015) : 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01204002.
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The latest move in the environmentalists’ fight against climate change involves judicial proceedings against states. In these proceedings, climate action groups seek court orders to force governments to impose more stringent measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A recent judgment by a Dutch court has given this strategy momentum. In the Urgenda case, the court ruled that the Dutch government owes a duty of care to its citizens to provide protection against the risks posed by climate change. On this basis, the court ordered the government to revise its current policies to ensure that by 2020 carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by at least 25% compared to 1990 levels. As this article demonstrates, this kind of litigation raises constitutional issues, because courts may not infringe on the legislature’s prerogatives. Climate policy-making requires a series of value judgments and policy choices, and the state has non-justiciable discretion as to how it meets its duties of care.
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Karapin, Roger. « Climate Policy Outcomes in Germany : Environmental Performance and Environmental Damage in Eleven Policy Areas ». German Politics and Society 30, no 3 (1 septembre 2012) : 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2012.300301.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Germany has reduced its emissions of greenhouse gases more than almost any other industrialized democracy and is exceeding its ambitious Kyoto commitment. Hence, it is commonly portrayed as a climate-policy success story, but the situation is actually much more complex. Generalizing Germany's per-capita emissions to all countries or its emissions reductions to all industrialized democracies would still very likely produce more than a two-degree rise in global temperature. Moreover, analyzing the German country-case into eleven subcases shows that it is a mixture of relative successes and failures. This analysis leads to three main conclusions. First, high relative performance and high environmental damage can coexist. Second, we should see national cases in a differentiated way and not only in terms of their aggregate performances. Third, researchers on climate policies should more often begin with outcomes, work backward to policies, and be prepared for some surprises. Ironically, the most effective government interventions may not be explicit climate policies, such as the economic transformation of eastern Germany. Moreover, the lack of policy-making in certain areas may undercut progress made elsewhere, including unregulated increases in car travel, road freight, and electricity consumption. Research on climate and environmental policies should focus on somewhat different areas of government intervention and ask different questions.
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Warren, Peter. « Evidence reviews in energy and climate policy ». Evidence & ; Policy : A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 16, no 1 (1 février 2020) : 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426418x15193815413516.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Evidence reviews, commonly confused with literature reviews, are a crucial method not only for collating and synthesising the evidence base, but also for determining what the quality of previous evidence is and extracting the most amount of value from previous studies using systematic techniques. The paper focuses on the use of evidence reviews to inform the development of energy and climate policies, using the UK as a case study. A framework is proposed for understanding the different types of evidence reviews based on government resource constraints. Although the application of evidence reviews is growing, the method has received much less attention in the energy and climate policy field in comparison to other policy areas, such as health policy and social policy. This paper argues that the method (particularly systematic scoping reviews and Rapid Evidence Assessments) is resource-efficient, delivers good value-for-money and is comprehensive for informing the development of energy and climate policy within the timescales and resources of governments. They ensure that only high quality evidence is used (through the use of quality assessment scales), thus helping to ensure that policies maximise positive societal impacts, minimise any negative impacts, are defendable from an expert perspective, and that they learn from past experiences, both domestically and internationally. The paper discusses the practical challenges associated with the four main types of evidence review, and draws on the experiences of four evidence reviews commissioned in 2016‐2017 by the UK Government’s Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
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JAFFE, ADAM B. « TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND CLIMATE CHANGE ». Climate Change Economics 03, no 04 (novembre 2012) : 1250025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201000781250025x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is a strong foundation in theoretical and empirical research in economics for the proposition that efficient climate policy must include both carbon-price policy and technology policy. Even the most modest projections of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reductions needed to moderate climate change imply very large reductions in the carbon-intensity of the world economy, something in excess of a 60% reduction by 2050. This is a greater proportionate reduction than has occurred in the petroleum intensity of world GDP since 1970, despite a six-fold increase in the price of oil. This illustrates how unlikely it is that the needed economic transformation could be brought about by price-based policy instruments alone. There is no good historical analogue to the needed transformation, but the closest parallels all involved major roles for technology policy. Increased public funding of research and training is a necessary but not sufficient component of such policy. Historical experience with technological transformation in other sectors suggests that government support for purchases of low-carbon technologies will be needed. Unfortunately, we do not have good evidence on efficient design of such programs. We need systematic evaluation of different policy instruments designed to accelerate the transformation of basic technologies into large-scale commercial products. We have the "technology" to do this kind of systematic evaluation, but it is not generally used.
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Fried, Stephie, Kevin Novan et William B. Peterman. « The Macro Effects of Climate Policy Uncertainty ». Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no 015 (19 mars 2021) : 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Uncertainty surrounding if and when the U.S. government will implement a federal climate policy introduces risk into the decision to invest in capital used in conjunction with fossil fuels. To quantify the macroeconomic impacts of this climate policy risk, we develop a dynamic, general equilibrium model that incorporates beliefs about future climate policy. We find that climate policy risk reduces carbon emissions by causing the capital stock to shrink and become relatively cleaner. Our results reveal, however, that a carbon tax could achieve the same reduction in emissions at less than half the cost.
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Martin, Stevie. « Friends of the Earth : ‘Government Policy’, Relevant Considerations and Human Rights ». Journal of Environmental Law 33, no 2 (1 mars 2021) : 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqab012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Litigation involving climate change is on the increase both domestically and internationally and the Supreme Court's judgment in Friends of the Earth Ltd joins that list. While it was not as directly concerned with the implications of climate change as, perhaps, recent case law from the Netherlands or Australia, the case has significant implications including in terms of future litigation involving human rights challenges based on climate change. Three aspects of the judgment in particular warrant consideration. First, the legitimacy of the Court's purposive interpretation of the meaning of ‘Government policy’. Second, the Supreme Court left unanswered the question of whether the Paris Agreement was so ‘obviously material’ to the exercise of the relevant discretion that a failure to have regard to it would be Wednesbury unreasonable. Finally, the Supreme Court rejected the claim that designating the Airports National Policy Statement would interfere with any rights contained in the European Convention of Human Rights. This case analysis examines each of these aspects of the judgment.
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Elgin, Dallas J., Andrew Pattison et Christopher M. Weible. « Policy Analytical Capacity Inside and Outside of Government : A Case Study of Colorado Climate and Energy Issues ». Canadian Political Science Review 6, no 1 (4 juillet 2012) : 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24124/c677/2012378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper examines the policy analytical capacity
of government compared to the non-profit and private sectors
and to the research/academic community. Based on
original data from a 2011 questionnaire administered to
policy actors in the context of energy and climate issues in
the state of Colorado, the findings show that government is
not as “hollowed out” as expected. While individuals from
academia and consulting firms may have higher analytical
capacity than government in conducting research, government
is higher across most other measures. Nonetheless,
nearly all respondents agree that government needs higher
levels of policy analytical capacity to address climate and
energy issues.
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Dela Cruz, Luisito, et Moses Aaron Angeles. « Towards stronger local government and educational institutions in climate change impact mitigation : A policy paper on fiscal sustainability on climate change ». Bedan Research Journal 7, no 1 (30 avril 2022) : 229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v7i1.39.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Through a careful analysis of official government documents such as national statutes, national agency memorandum orders, policy directives reports, and national and local plans, among others, pertinent to the Philippine Government's response to climate change mitigation and adaptation, the paper elucidated the policy directions of the country concerning climate change response. Aimed at proposing recommendations to enhance the current legal, organizational, and fiscal frameworks of the Philippine Government in its efforts to mainstream its climate change strategy, the paper identified some of the gaps and possible areas of improvement in the standing legal and structural constellations of policies employed in the country. It has been found by the research that though there have been actions related to the international mandate of promoting sustainable development, there are still areas that can be reformed and revisited if the government programs and institutions are to remain in fidelity to the commitments of the Philippines to combat the impacts and mitigate the effects of climate change. As the title suggests, the paper offers policy directions to strengthen government and academic institutions to better respond to this daunting challenge.References2013 Typhoon Haiyan: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. (n.d.). World vision. https://www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/2013-typhoon-haiyan-facts.Asian Disaster Reduction Center. (n.d.). Information on disaster risk reduction of member countries. https://www.adrc.asia/nationinformation.php?NationCode=608&Lang=en.Asian Development Bank. (2012). Addressing migration and climate change in Asia and the Pacific: Final report. ADB.Blair, H. (2000). Participation and accountability in the periphery: Democratic local governance in six countries. World Development 28(1). 21-39.Brillantes, A. & Montes, R. (2007). Federalism: Logical step after devolution? Philippine Journal of Public Administration 51(1-4). 1-32.Brillantes, A. (1987). Decentralization in the Philippines: An overview. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 31 (2): 131-148.Brillantes, A. (1998). Decentralized democratic governance under the local government code: A governmental perspective. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 32(1&2): 38-57.Brown, K. (2012). Typhoon Pablo batters ‘typhoon-free’ Mindanao. The Asia Foundation. https://asiafoundation.org/2012/ 12/19/typhoon-pablo-batters-typhoon-free-mindanao/.Capuno, J. (2019). Tugs of war: Local governments, national government. Public Policy Journal, 16 & 17: 98-116.Cheema, S. & Rondinelli, D. (2007). Decentralizing governance: Emerging concepts and practices. Brookings Institution Press.Dorotan, E. & Carizo, J. (2014). Issues and critical actions in local governance. Galing Pook Foundation.Hannah, R. (2014). Climate change and human development. Zed Books Ltd.Griggs, G. (2017). Coasts in crisis: A global challenge. University of California Press.Jha, A. & Geddes, Z. (2013). Strong, safe, and resilient: A strategic policy guide for disaster risk management in East Asia and the Pacific. The World Bank.Local Government Academy of the Philippines. (2013). User’s manual for LGUs: Guidebook for the preparation of LCCAP. Fabi’s Enterprises.Manila Observatory for the Congressional Commission on Science and Technology and Engineering. (2010). COMSTE Technical primer on climate change in the Philippines conference engineering resilience, confronting risk beyond adaptation. Sofitel ManilaMayon mud buries 100 in Bicol amid ‘Reming’ fury. (2006, Nov. 30). GMA News Online. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/22465/mayon-mud-buries-100-in-bicol-amid-remingfury/story/.National Climate Change Commission. (2021). 2020 Accomplishment Report: Adapting for a sustainable future.National Climate Change Commission. (2011). National climate change action plan.National Climate Change Commission. (2019). The Philippine national climate change action plan.NDCC: Typhoon ‘Frank’ damage estimate now at P 10B. (2008, July 1). GMA News Online. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/104407/ndcc-typhoon-frank-damage-estimate-now-atp10b/story/.Perez, R. (2017). Assessment of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in the Philippines coastal resources sector. Natural Disaster Reduction Branch – PAGASA.Remembering Milenyo’s wrath in 2006. (2014, July 15). Philippine Star. https://www.philstar.com/news-commentary/2014/07/15/1346515/remembering-milenyos-wrath-2006.Republic Act 9729, An act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and other purposes (2009). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2009/10/23/republic-act-no- 9729/.Republic Act 10174, An act establishing the people’s survival fund to provide long-term finance streams to enable the government to effectively address the problem of climate change, amending for the purpose Republic Act 9729, otherwise known as the 'Climate Change Act of 2009', and for other purposes (2012). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/08/16/republic-act-no-10174/.Republic Act 10121, An act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management framework and institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes (2010). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2010/05/27/republic-act-no-10121/.Republic Act 7160, An Act for a Local Government Code of 1991 (1991). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1991/10/10/republic-act-no-7160/.Walker, R. & Mason, W. (2015). Climate change adaptation for health and social services. CSIRO Publishing.
35
PANDY, Wayde R., et Christian M. ROGERSON. « CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND TOURISM IN SOUTH AFRICA : PROJECTIONS AND POLICY ». GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, no 2 (30 juin 2021) : 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35224-671.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The challenge of climate change and tourism is an evolving international knowledge domain. South Africa is one of the most vulnerable countries with respect to projected climate change. For the national tourism economy climate change is a significant topic of concern. The objectives in this article are to present climate change projections and potential impacts for South Africa’s tourism economy and to critically analyse the policy landscape concerning national government’s response to climate change as a whole and more specifically in relation to the tourism sector. It is shown key tourism assets of South Africa are at risk from the advance of climate change. The analysis discloses that the South African government has supported international efforts and obligations to address the challenge of climate change, commitments which have influenced policy development regarding tourism. Nevertheless, policy development towards climate change and tourism has not progressed greatly over the past decade. Arguably, this is an outcome of the overwhelming concentration in recent government tourism policy in South Africa towards issues of inclusivity and transformation.
36
S, Swetha. « Role of Indian Government to Formulate Effective Policy for Water Sustainability and Climate Change ». Technoarete Transactions on Climate Change and Disaster Management Research 1, no 1 (25 février 2022) : 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttccdmr/01.01.a003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Problem Statement: In the context of India meteoric urbanization, globalization, industrialization, and expansion in population in India have generated a number of environmental problems. The impact of climate change such as pollution and droughts have the dormant effect of demolishing the farmlands and that affect the livelihood of the farmers. The present article deals with the he role of Indian Government to formulate effective policy for water sustainability and climate change. Keyword :Climate change, water scarcity, sustainability, National policy
37
Brolan, Claire E. « Looking Back—Australia’s Sustainable Development and Climate Change Policy Agendas ». Sustainability 15, no 7 (24 mars 2023) : 5688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075688.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In November 2022, a climate change performance index report released at the COP27 United Nations conference in Egypt, ranked Australia 55th on a list of 63 countries and country groupings in addressing the climate crisis. Australia is a leading development partner in the Pacific region; a region economically, environmentally, socially, and culturally impacted by climate change and global warming in the form of (e.g.,) rapid sea level rises, alarming shifts in marine ecosystems, and extreme weather events. How did Australia, a high-income country situated in the Pacific, become a nation that trails other developed countries in addressing climate change? Why has there been a lack of urgency for uptake of sustainable development policy and planning? A new Federal Government, elected in May 2022, has indicated willingness to meaningfully progress Australia’s interconnected climate change, wellbeing, and sustainability policy agendas, in which futures public health policy is inextricably linked. This change in government provides an important moment to review Australia’s sustainable-development climate change policy landscape over a 35-year period. By examining this landscape through a health lens, this paper can provide one of many critical perspectives tracing Australia’s slippage to the bottom of the global climate rankings today.
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Sethi, Garvita. « Climate Litigation Movement by Non-Government Organizations : Contributions & ; Challenges ». European Energy and Environmental Law Review 29, Issue 5 (1 octobre 2020) : 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2020042.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate litigation is on the rise. The role that nongovernmental organizations play in its facilitation is reflective in the numerous cases that are being brought by them to the Courts. However, it is not always easy and the NGOs have to face legal challenges in matters such as those relating to standing requirements (‘who may sue’) and validity of their claims. The present article attempts to analyse the working environment of the NGOs by taking references from different jurisdictions, with a special emphasis on the climate policy framework of the European Union. climate litigation; climate change; NGOs; courts; EU; advocacy; activism; environment; climate science; public interest litigation
39
Heal, Geoffrey M., et Antony Millner. « Agreeing to disagree on climate policy ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no 10 (24 février 2014) : 3695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315987111.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Disagreements about the value of the utility discount rate—the rate at which our concern for the welfare of future people declines with their distance from us in time—are at the heart of the debate about the appropriate intensity of climate policy. Seemingly small differences in the discount rate yield very different policy prescriptions, and no consensus “correct” value has been identified. We argue that the choice of discount rate is an ethical primitive: there are many different legitimate opinions as to its value, and none should receive a privileged place in economic analysis of climate policy. Rather, we advocate a social choice-based approach in which a diverse set of individual discount rates is aggregated into a “representative” rate. We show that performing this aggregation efficiently leads to a time-dependent discount rate that declines monotonically to the lowest rate in the population. We apply this discounting scheme to calculations of the social cost of carbon recently performed by the US government and show that it provides an attractive compromise between competing ethical positions, and thus provides a possible resolution to the ethical impasse in climate change economics.
40
Crawley, Sam, Hilde Coffé et Ralph Chapman. « Public opinion on climate change : Belief and concern, issue salience and support for government action ». British Journal of Politics and International Relations 22, no 1 (13 novembre 2019) : 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148119888827.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate policy across the developed world remains inadequate, despite high levels of concern about climate change among the public. Yet public opinion on climate change is complex, with individuals differing on three key opinion dimensions: belief and concern, issue salience, and support for government action. In this study, we investigate how these dimensions intersect at the individual level. Based on data from an online survey conducted in 2018 in the United Kingdom (N = 787), a latent class analysis reveals that there are five climate change opinion publics. The two largest publics have strong beliefs that climate change is occurring, but view it as a low salience issue, or are wary of government action to address it. We also investigate sociopolitical covariates of each public. By providing a detailed picture of climate change views, these findings can help us to better understand the relationship between public opinion and climate policy.
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Gill, M., et K. Johnston. « Informing food policy : balancing the evidence ». Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, no 4 (22 septembre 2010) : 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110003861.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper considers some of the reasons why governments develop food policies, gives examples of what is in food policies at the Scottish and UK levels and explores ways of effectively providing balanced evidence for policy development. It discusses the challenges of exchanging knowledge between the science and policy communities, given their different languages and cultures, highlighting the need for greater mutual understanding of roles and responsibilities. It draws on experience in the Scottish Government of developing the government's ‘Recipe for Success – Scotland's National Food and Drink Policy’ through engagement with stakeholders, scientists and analysts and touches on the more complex nature of the Department for International Development's contribution to meeting the first Millennium Development Goal. It compares the need for collation and analysis of existing evidence during the development of policy, with the desirability of providing policy direction for longer-term strategic research and the challenges of connecting the policy expectations with researchable questions. The paper concludes by emphasising the need to focus research in the short-term on mitigation of climate change through decreasing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of food, while also taking an account of economic, health and broader environmental sustainability objectives. A further challenge is to communicate complexity and uncertainty in ways which enable decision-makers from the consumer to policy-makers to make informed choices. Longer-term research needs to focus on the opportunities and risks associated with adapting to climate change.
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van Noije, Lonneke, et Annemarie Wennekers. « Klimaatbeleid in de krant : Een inhoudsanalyse van mediaframes ». Mens en maatschappij 95, no 3 (1 août 2020) : 273–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mem2020.3.006.vann.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The legitimacy of climate policy is a necessary condition for the broad acceptance of government interventions and civic participation. News media are an important source of information for public perceptions and beliefs concerning climate change and climate policy, which people will use to grant or deny legitimacy. In this article we apply the theoretical perspective of media framing to analyse Dutch newspaper coverage of climate change and climate policy during April and May 2019, by means of systematic manual content analysis. We use these empirical findings to further reflect on their potential significance for policy legitimacy as experienced by their readership. Overall, the newspapers pay little attention to climate change as a contested phenomenon and to humanity’s contribution to its cause and solution. In the fight to reduce CO2-emission, the Dutch government is portrayed as the principal agent. The responsibility of individual citizens is less often highlighted. Hence, newspaper coverage does not seem to challenge the fight against climate change as a legitimate policy goal. It does, however, pay ample attention to specific policy interventions to reduce CO2-emission and the controversies that surround them. In line with, or as a reflection of these findings, differences within public opinion are to be expected concerning the legitimacy of policy interventions, both with regard to their desirability on paper (input) and their actual (side) effects (output).
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Parsons, Laurie. « Climate migration and the UK ». Journal of the British Academy 9 (2021) : 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009.003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article discusses the relationship between climate change and migration in the context of the UK. After a brief overview of climate migration scholarship, it examines the framing of climate migration as a crisis in UK policy discourse, highlighting the disjuncture between policy and academic scholarship in this respect. Subsequently, it examines the reasons for this schism, exploring both the framing of climate migration within the UK media landscape and the securitisation of the topic within UK government policy. Finally, the article explores how the UK�s political landscape undergirds the political logic of climate finance, emphasising the role of British domestic politics in shaping the boundaries and direction of climate change as it manifests in governance. The article closes by exploring potential new directions in UK climate migration policy.
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Meiklejohn, David, Susie Moloney et Sarah Bekessy. « Applying a Practice Lens to Local Government Climate Change Governance : Rethinking Community Engagement Practices ». Sustainability 13, no 2 (19 janvier 2021) : 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020995.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Governments commit substantial time and resources engaging individuals and households to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These approaches, based largely upon behaviour change theories, have been criticised for their limited reach and effectiveness by practice theorists who have offered an alternative approach, broadening the focus beyond individuals. While practice theory has provided valuable insights into the energy consuming activities of households it has gained limited traction as a way to analyse and inform government practices and policy making. We address this by applying a practice lens to climate change community engagement practices performed by Australian local governments. Drawing on 29 interviews with practitioners and analysis of 37 Australian local government climate strategies, we examine the bundle of practices that constitute climate change community engagement: recruitment, engagement and evaluation. We consider how these practices are situated vis-a-vis other climate governance practices (regulation, service delivery, infrastructure provision and advocacy) as well as internal local government processes. Using a practice lens reveals the weaknesses in current engagement approaches which we contend are limiting efficacy. We draw upon Spurling et al.’s conceptualisation of re-crafting, re-integrating and substituting practices to consider how climate change community engagement practices might be reconfigured to improve their effectiveness.
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Bernauer, Thomas, Liang Dong, Liam F. McGrath, Irina Shaymerdenova et Haibin Zhang. « Unilateral or Reciprocal Climate Policy ? Experimental Evidence from China ». Politics and Governance 4, no 3 (8 septembre 2016) : 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i3.650.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The traditional political economy account of global climate change governance directs our attention to fundamental collective action problems associated with global public goods provision, resulting from positive or negative externalities as well as freeriding. The governance architecture of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol uses the traditional approaches of international diplomacy for addressing such challenges: legally binding commitments based on principles of reciprocity and (fair) cost/burden sharing via formalized carbon-budgeting. Yet, the 2015 Paris Agreement has essentially abandoned this approach, as it now operates on the basis of internationally coordinated and monitored unilateralism. On the presumption that public opinion matters for government policy, we examine how citizens view this shift in climate policy from reciprocity to unilateralism, after many years of exposure to strong reciprocity rhetoric by governments and stakeholders. To that end, we fielded a survey experiment in China, the world’s largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter. The results show that there is, perhaps surprisingly, strong and robust public support for unilateral, non-reciprocal climate policy. To the extent China is interested in pushing ahead with ambitious and thus costly GHG reduction policies, our results suggest that China can leverage segments of public support in order to overcome domestic obstacles to GHG mitigation policies.
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Rozentale, Liga, et Dagnija Blumberga. « Methods to Evaluate Electricity Policy from Climate Perspective ». Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no 2 (1 novembre 2019) : 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0060.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Nowadays government policies to mitigate climate change are of a wide variety and they are evaluated before and after implementation. Much research has been conducted on how climate change policy will affect the climate. However, there is very little research on policies that are not intended to mitigate or reduce climate change and which, from the policy makers’ point of view, have no relation to climate change. The goal of this study is to review the electricity policy in Latvia and the aspects that can be evaluated under this policy, and apply multiple-criteria analysis to determine on what spheres the electricity policy leaves the most positive impact – is it climate or are they consumers and other electricity market players? The outcome of the analysis shows that, at the national level, the most positive impact on climate is provided by the National Energy and Climate Plan, indicating that climate is taken into consideration mostly only under complex multi-sectoral legislation.
47
Odeku, Kola, et Edson Meyer. « Climate Change Surge : Implementing Stringent Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in South Africa ». Journal of African Law 54, no 2 (20 septembre 2010) : 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855310000033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis article examines how the South African government, realizing the country's vulnerability to climate change, deemed it necessary to strengthen adaptation and mitigation measures and put in place legal and institutional frameworks to ensure implementation and compliance. Government must take responsibility for industry's inaction by implementing policies on climate change and, more importantly, through a visible change in government policy to hold industry accountable. The stringent policies and strategies being put in place are reducing vulnerability and also enhancing a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, climatic, resource and economic perturbations. The article further reviews state of the art methods and tools available to strengthen mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures in the areas of the existing frameworks regarding climate change. It also considers various measures by Eskom in particular, and strategies embarked upon by South Africa's national and local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Kim, Soyoung, Simon A. Andrew, Edgar Ramirez de la Cruz, Woo-Je Kim et Richard Clark Feiock. « Impacts of Local Government Perceptions of Disaster Risks on Land Resilience Planning Implementation ». Land 13, no 7 (19 juillet 2024) : 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13071085.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Local government managers play a critical role in sustainability and climate adaptation planning, and in relation to land-use policy, but little is known about how managers’ hazard risk concerns influence the implementation of resilience policy or how this relationship may vary across different landscapes and types of hazards. Linking managers’ disaster concerns to their planning choices is particularly relevant to resilience planning for adaptation to climate change, since greenhouse gas emissions are global but the harms produced by climate change are local. Moreover, climate adaptation planning encompasses risks from multiple hazards. For a sample of cities in the state of Florida, USA, we report the findings of empirical analysis of the relationships between local government managers’ hazard-specific climate-related disaster concerns and their resilience-planning priorities for four types of hazards: river flooding, sea-level rise, storm surge and hurricane/tornado winds. Drawing on data from a survey of local disaster managers and policy data on the implementation of adaptation-planning actions, the link between managers’ concerns and plan implementation is identified and compared across communities and across types of hazards. The pooled logit regression results reveal that the differences observed among these hazards persist even after controlling for objective risks and relevant community characteristics. We discuss the nature of the differences across four hazards and explore the implications of the findings for the literature on land use and climate adaptation and for the education of local government managers.
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Eriksson, Martin. « Regional Development, Transport Infrastructure and Government Policy ». Journal of Northern Studies 4, no 1 (1 juillet 2010) : 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/jns.v4i1.632.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Due to the cold climate, navigation along the coast lines of the northern regions in Sweden, Finland, Canada, Russia and the United States must negotiate winter conditions which cause ports to freeze over. In order to avoid the negative economic effects of such interruptions, ice-breaking and other measures to facilitate winter navigation have been introduced. This article deals with the introduction of ice-breaking along the coast line of the five northernmost counties in Sweden, the Norrland region, from a perspective that examines and analyzes the underlying decision-making processes. It is concluded that the ability of regional interest groups to link their demands for an improved ice-breaker service to important aims within macro policy such as trade policy, growth policy and regional development policy contributed to the outcome of the decision-making processes. The international competitiveness of the export industries in Norrland was therefore regarded as a national concern during the decision-making processes. Another factor that contributed to the outcome of the decision-making processes was the sectoral organization within the government maritime bodies. Large-scale planning and operational experimentation was allowed to take place within the ice-breaker service, which convinced the government that ice-breaking and winter navigation were a feasible transport alternative.
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Schaefer, Thilo. « Building Back Better ? » Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 70, no 2 (1 août 2021) : 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2021-2053.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract European governments face a two-fold challenge: they need to mitigate the negative consequences of the Corona pandemic and meet the increased climate protection requirements imposed on them by the tightening of targets through the European Green Deal. This raises the question to which extent political measures can serve both economic recovery and climate protection. By prioritising urgent public investment to address infrastructure deficits and smart policy instruments to incentivise climate-friendly action the German government enables the private sector to recover and develop sustainable business models.