Bibliographies thématiques / Climate change, Carbon Dioxide, foraminifera / Articles de revues
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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Climate change, Carbon Dioxide, foraminifera »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Raitzsch, Markus, Jelle Bijma, Torsten Bickert, Michael Schulz, Ann Holbourn et Michal Kučera. « Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations across the middle Miocene climate transition ». Climate of the Past 17, no 2 (26 mars 2021) : 703–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-703-2021.

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Abstract. The middle Miocene climate transition ∼ 14 Ma marks a fundamental step towards the current “ice-house” climate, with a ∼ 1 ‰ δ18O increase and a ∼ 1 ‰ transient δ13C rise in the deep ocean, indicating rapid expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet associated with a change in the operation of the global carbon cycle. The variation of atmospheric CO2 across the carbon-cycle perturbation has been intensely debated as proxy records of pCO2 for this time interval are sparse and partly contradictory. Using boron isotopes (δ11B) in planktonic foraminifers from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1092 in the South Atlantic, we show that long-term pCO2 varied at 402 kyr periodicity between ∼ 14.3 and 13.2 Ma and follows the global δ13C variation remarkably well. This suggests a close link to precessional insolation forcing modulated by eccentricity, which governs the monsoon and hence weathering intensity, with enhanced weathering and decreasing pCO2 at high eccentricity and vice versa. The ∼ 50 kyr lag of δ13C and pCO2 behind eccentricity in our records may be related to the slow response of weathering to orbital forcing. A pCO2 drop of ∼ 200 µatm before 13.9 Ma may have facilitated the inception of ice-sheet expansion on Antarctica, which accentuated monsoon-driven carbon cycle changes through a major sea-level fall, invigorated deep-water ventilation, and shelf-to-basin shift of carbonate burial. The temporary rise in pCO2 following Antarctic glaciation would have acted as a negative feedback on the progressing glaciation and helped to stabilize the climate system on its way to the late Cenozoic ice-house world.
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Stuhr, Marleen, Louise P. Cameron, Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer, Claire E. Reymond, Steve S. Doo, Hildegard Westphal, Albert Sickmann et Justin B. Ries. « Divergent Proteomic Responses Offer Insights into Resistant Physiological Responses of a Reef-Foraminifera to Climate Change Scenarios ». Oceans 2, no 2 (1 avril 2021) : 281–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2020017.

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Reef-dwelling calcifiers face numerous environmental stresses associated with anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, including ocean acidification and warming. Photosymbiont-bearing calcifiers, such as large benthic foraminifera, are particularly sensitive to climate change. To gain insight into their responses to near-future conditions, Amphistegina lobifera from the Gulf of Aqaba were cultured under three pCO2 conditions (492, 963, 3182 ppm) crossed with two temperature conditions (28 °C, 31 °C) for two months. Differential protein abundances in host and photosymbionts were investigated alongside physiological responses and microenvironmental pH gradients assessed via proton microsensors. Over 1000 proteins were identified, of which > 15% varied significantly between treatments. Thermal stress predominantly reduced protein abundances, and holobiont growth. Elevated pCO2 caused only minor proteomic alterations and color changes. Notably, pH at the test surface decreased with increasing pCO2 under all light/dark and temperature combinations. However, the difference between [H+] at the test surface and [H+] in the seawater—a measure of the organism’s mitigation of the acidified conditions—increased with light and pCO2. Combined stressors resulted in reduced pore sizes and increased microenvironmental pH gradients, indicating acclimative mechanisms that support calcite test production and/or preservation under climate change. Substantial proteomic variations at moderate-pCO2 and 31 °C and putative decreases in test stability at high-pCO2 and 31 °C indicate cellular modifications and impacts on calcification, in contrast to the LBFs’ apparently stable overall physiological performance. Our experiment shows that the effects of climate change can be missed when stressors are assessed in isolation, and that physiological responses should be assessed across organismal levels to make more meaningful inferences about the fate of reef calcifiers.
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Johnson, Markes E. « Geological Oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period : A Review with Predictions on the Future of Global Warming ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no 11 (2 novembre 2021) : 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111210.

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Atmospheric carbon dioxide reached a record concentration of 419 parts per million in May 2021, 50% higher than preindustrial levels at 280 parts per million. The rise of CO2 as a heat-trapping gas is the principal barometer tracking global warming attributed to a global average increase of 1.2 °C over the last 250 years. Ongoing global warming is expected to perturb extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons), strengthened by elevated sea-surface temperatures. The melting of polar ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland also is expected to result in rising sea levels through the rest of this century. Various proxies for the estimate of long-term change in sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) are available through geological oceanography, which relies on the recovery of deep-sea cores for the study of sediments enriched in temperature-sensitive planktonic foraminifera and other algal residues. The Pliocene Warm Period occurred between ~4.5 and 3.0 million years ago, when sea level and average global temperatures were higher than today, and it is widely regarded as a predictive analog to the future impact of climate change. This work reviews some of the extensive literature on the geological oceanography of the Pliocene Warm Period together with a summary of land-based studies in paleotempestology focused on coastal boulder deposits (CBDs) and coastal outwash deposits (CODs) from the margin of the Pacific basin and parts of the North Atlantic basin. Ranging in age from the Pliocene through the Holocene, the values of such deposits serve as fixed geophysical markers, against which the micro-fossil record for the Pliocene Warm Period may be compared, as a registry of storm events from Pliocene and post-Pliocene times.
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Langebroek, P. M., A. Paul et M. Schulz. « Constraining atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> ; content during the Middle Miocene Antarctic glaciation using an ice sheet-climate model ». Climate of the Past Discussions 4, no 4 (12 août 2008) : 859–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-4-859-2008.

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Abstract. Foraminiferal oxygen isotopes from deep-sea sediment cores suggest that a rapid expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet took place in the Middle Miocene around 13.9 million years ago (Ma). The origin for this transition is still not understood satisfactorily. Among the proposed causes are a drop in the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) in combination with orbital forcing. An additional complication is the large uncertainty in the magnitude and age of the reconstructed pCO2 values and the low temporal resolution of the available record in the Middle Miocene. We used an ice sheet-climate model with an energy and mass balance module to assess variations in ice-sheet volume induced by pCO2 and insolation forcing and to better constrain atmospheric CO2 in the Middle Miocene. The ice-sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 was tested in several scenarios using constant pCO2 forcing or a regular decrease in pCO2. Small, ephemeral ice sheets existed under relatively high atmospheric CO2 conditions (between 400–450 ppm), whereas more stable, large ice sheets occurred when pCO2 is less than 400 ppm. Transitions between the states were largely CO2-induced, but were enhanced by extremes in insolation. In order to explain the Antarctic glaciation in the Middle Miocene as documented by the oxygen isotope records from sediment cores, pCO2 must have decreased by approximately 150 ppm in about 30 ka, crossing the threshold pCO2 of 400 ppm around 13.9 Ma. Forcing the ice sheet-climate model with cyclic pCO2 variations at a period of 100 ka and amplitudes of approximately 40 ppm generated late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial like ice-volume variations, where the ice volume lagged pCO2 by 11–16 ka.
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Langebroek, P. M., A. Paul et M. Schulz. « Antarctic ice-sheet response to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> ; and insolation in the Middle Miocene ». Climate of the Past 5, no 4 (22 octobre 2009) : 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-633-2009.

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Abstract. Foraminiferal oxygen isotopes from deep-sea sediment cores suggest that a rapid expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet took place in the Middle Miocene around 13.9 million years ago. The origin for this transition is still not understood satisfactorily. One possible cause is a drop in the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) in combination with orbital forcing. A complication is the large uncertainty in the magnitude and timing of the reconstructed pCO2 variability and additionally the low temporal resolution of the available pCO2 records in the Middle Miocene. We used an ice sheet-climate model of reduced complexity to assess variations in Antarctic ice sheet volume induced by pCO2 and insolation forcing in the Middle Miocene. The ice-sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 was tested for several scenarios with constant pCO2 forcing or a regular decrease in pCO2. This showed that small, ephemeral ice sheets existed under relatively high atmospheric CO2 conditions (between 640–900 ppm), whereas more stable, large ice sheets occurred when pCO2 was less than ~600 ppm. The main result of this study is that the pCO2-level must have declined just before or during the period of oxygen-isotope increase, thereby crossing a pCO2 glaciation threshold of around 615 ppm. After the decline, the exact timing of the Antarctic ice-sheet expansion depends also on the relative minimum in summer insolation at approximately 13.89 million years ago. Although the mechanisms described appear to be robust, the exact values of the pCO2 thresholds are likely to be model-dependent.
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Basilios, Koumbakis. « Climate change and CO2 Carbon dioxide ». International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 05, no 03 (2022) : 79–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.5308.

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This paper is about climate change, its relationship with carbon dioxide, the Greenhouse Effect and Renewable Energy Sources. Through a historical reference, the original view of the Greenhouse Effect is introduced, while based on facts of greenhouse gases and solar radiation is been proved the unrelated interconnection of the “accused” gas with the accusations against it. Factors responsible for the increase in temperature in ambient air are examined and their contribution to this increase is calculated. Also, is been examined the operation of the most known renewable energy sources and their contribution to the increase of the air temperature, as well as, their contribution to intense weather phenomena. The paper responds factually to the causes that create the changes in the climate and raises questions about the policy pursued on this issue, in the direction of solving the problem or reducing its impact. The aim of the project is to present to the general public, the scientific community and politicians, different from conventional facts, so that they have in their hands a tool for better use of renewable energy sources and real protection of the environment.
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Farquhar, G. D. « CLIMATE CHANGE : Carbon Dioxide and Vegetation ». Science 278, no 5342 (21 novembre 1997) : 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5342.1411.

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Anderson, Norman D. « Carbon Dioxide and Global Climate Change ». Science Activities : Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas 29, no 3 (septembre 1992) : 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00368121.1992.10113036.

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Watson, A. J. « Man made carbon dioxide and climate change ». Science of The Total Environment 57 (décembre 1986) : 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90031-8.

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Keeling, C. D. « Climate change and carbon dioxide : An introduction ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no 16 (5 août 1997) : 8273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8273.

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Lindzen, R. S. « Can increasing carbon dioxide cause climate change ? » Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no 16 (5 août 1997) : 8335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8335.

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Priem, Harry N. A. « Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide : Geological Perspective ». Energy & ; Environment 24, no 3-4 (juin 2013) : 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305x.24.3-4.361.

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Swedan, Nabil Hazzaa. « Thermodynamic Analysis of Climate Change ». Entropy 25, no 1 (30 décembre 2022) : 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010072.

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The climate change assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change is based on a radiative forcing methodology, and thermodynamic analysis of the climate does not appear to be utilized. Although equivalent to the radiative model, the thermodynamic model captures details of thermodynamic interactions among the earth’s subsystems. Carbon dioxide emission returns the net chemical energy exchanged with the climate system to the surface of the earth as heat. The heat is equal to the sum of the heat produced by fossil fuels and deforestation minus the heat of surface greening. Accordingly, trends of climate parameters are calculated. Nearly 51.40% of carbon dioxide production has been sequestered by green matter, and surface greening is approximately 3.0% per decade. Through 2020, the heat removed by surface greening has approached 12.84% of the total heat. Deforestation on the other hand has contributed nearly 22.85% of the total heat of carbon conversion to carbon dioxide. The increase in sea and average land surface air temperatures are 0.80 °C and 1.39 °C, respectively. Present annual sea level rise is nearly 3.35 mm, and the calculated reductions in the temperature and geopotential height of the lower stratosphere are about −0.66 °C and −67.24 m per decade, respectively. Unlike natural sequestration of carbon dioxide, artificial sequestration is not a photosynthetic heat sink process and does not appear to be a viable methodology for mitigating climate change.
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Follett, R. F. « Global Climate Change, U.S. Agriculture, and Carbon Dioxide ». Journal of Production Agriculture 6, no 2 (1993) : 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1993.0181.

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Bhattacharya, Atreyee. « Carbon dioxide drove climate change during longest interglacial ». Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no 37 (11 septembre 2012) : 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo370008.

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Solomon, Susan, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Reto Knutti et Pierre Friedlingstein. « Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no 6 (28 janvier 2009) : 1704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812721106.

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Hertzberg, Martin, et Hans Schreuder. « Role of atmospheric carbon dioxide in climate change ». Energy & ; Environment 27, no 6-7 (22 octobre 2016) : 785–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x16674637.

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Le Quéré, Corinne, et Nicolas Mayot. « Climate change and biospheric output ». Science 375, no 6585 (11 mars 2022) : 1091–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo1262.

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Heinze, Christoph. « The Role of the Ocean Carbon Cycle in Climate Change ». European Review 22, no 1 (février 2014) : 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000665.

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The ocean carbon cycle plays a twofold role in the context of climate change: (1) through carbon dioxide gas exchange with the atmosphere and carbon cycle climate feedbacks, the ocean regulates the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere and hence has a strong influence on the heat budget of the Earth; (2) the paleo-climatic marine sediment core record is largely based on biogenic matter fluxes from the ocean surface to the sea floor, which are part of the marine carbon cycle. The ocean is important for global carbon cycling, primarily due to three factors: (1) the ocean is a huge carbon reservoir with a relatively short turnover time; (2) carbon dioxide in sea water is effectively dissociated inorganically into other substances; (3) marine plankton is keeping the surface ocean carbon dioxide concentration at a lower level than would a lifeless ocean. On intermediate to long time scales, the ocean provides the most important sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The marine uptake kinetics for carbon dioxide work on a longer time scale than current and projected emissions by humans.
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Schweizer, Vanessa J., Kristie L. Ebi, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Henry D. Jacoby, Keywan Riahi, Jessica Strefler, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Bas J. van Ruijven et John P. Weyant. « Integrated Climate-Change Assessment Scenarios and Carbon Dioxide Removal ». One Earth 3, no 2 (août 2020) : 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.001.

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Turkenburg, Wim C. « Sustainable development, climate change, and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) ». Energy Conversion and Management 38 (janvier 1997) : S3—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(96)00237-3.

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Waterstone, Marvin. « The equity aspects of carbon dioxide-induced climate change ». Geoforum 16, no 3 (janvier 1985) : 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(85)90037-5.

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Picano, Eugenio, Cristina Mangia et Antonello D’Andrea. « Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Medical Imaging Contribution ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no 1 (27 décembre 2022) : 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010215.

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Human activities have raised the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide (CO2) content by 50% in less than 200 years and by 10% in the last 15 years. Climate change is a great threat and presents a unique opportunity to protect cardiovascular health in the next decades. CO2 equivalent emission is the most convenient unit for measuring the greenhouse gas footprint corresponding to ecological cost. Medical imaging contributes significantly to the CO2 emissions responsible for climate change, yet current medical guidelines ignore the carbon cost. Among the common cardiac imaging techniques, CO2 emissions are lowest for transthoracic echocardiography (0.5–2 kg per exam), increase 10-fold for cardiac computed tomography angiography, and 100-fold for cardiac magnetic resonance. A conservative estimate of 10 billion medical examinations per year worldwide implies that medical imaging accounts for approximately 1% of the overall carbon footprint. In 2016, CO2 emissions from magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, calculated in 120 countries, accounted for 0.77% of global emissions. A significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions is attributed to health care, which ranges from 4% in the United Kingdom to 10% in the United States. Assessment of carbon cost should be a part of the cost-benefit balance in medical imaging.
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Hansen, James, Makiko Sato, Gary Russell et Pushker Kharecha. « Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no 2001 (28 octobre 2013) : 20120294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0294.

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Cenozoic temperature, sea level and CO 2 covariations provide insights into climate sensitivity to external forcings and sea-level sensitivity to climate change. Climate sensitivity depends on the initial climate state, but potentially can be accurately inferred from precise palaeoclimate data. Pleistocene climate oscillations yield a fast-feedback climate sensitivity of 3±1 ° C for a 4 W m −2 CO 2 forcing if Holocene warming relative to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is used as calibration, but the error (uncertainty) is substantial and partly subjective because of poorly defined LGM global temperature and possible human influences in the Holocene. Glacial-to-interglacial climate change leading to the prior (Eemian) interglacial is less ambiguous and implies a sensitivity in the upper part of the above range, i.e. 3–4 ° C for a 4 W m −2 CO 2 forcing. Slow feedbacks, especially change of ice sheet size and atmospheric CO 2 , amplify the total Earth system sensitivity by an amount that depends on the time scale considered. Ice sheet response time is poorly defined, but we show that the slow response and hysteresis in prevailing ice sheet models are exaggerated. We use a global model, simplified to essential processes, to investigate state dependence of climate sensitivity, finding an increased sensitivity towards warmer climates, as low cloud cover is diminished and increased water vapour elevates the tropopause. Burning all fossil fuels, we conclude, would make most of the planet uninhabitable by humans, thus calling into question strategies that emphasize adaptation to climate change.
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Kvale, K., K. Zickfeld, T. Bruckner, K. J. Meissner, K. Tanaka et A. J. Weaver. « Carbon Dioxide Emission Pathways Avoiding Dangerous Ocean Impacts ». Weather, Climate, and Society 4, no 3 (1 juillet 2012) : 212–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-11-00030.1.

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Abstract Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases could lead to undesirable effects on oceans in coming centuries. Drawing on recommendations published by the German Advisory Council on Global Change, levels of unacceptable global marine change (so-called guardrails) are defined in terms of global mean temperature, sea level rise, and ocean acidification. A global-mean climate model [the Aggregated Carbon Cycle, Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model (ACC2)] is coupled with an economic module [taken from the Dynamic Integrated Climate–Economy Model (DICE)] to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis to derive CO2 emission pathways that both minimize abatement costs and are compatible with these guardrails. Additionally, the “tolerable windows approach” is used to calculate a range of CO2 emissions paths that obey the guardrails as well as a restriction on mitigation rate. Prospects of meeting the global mean temperature change guardrail (2° and 0.2°C decade−1 relative to preindustrial) depend strongly on assumed values for climate sensitivity: at climate sensitivities &gt;3°C the guardrail cannot be attained under any CO2 emissions reduction strategy without mitigation of non-CO2 greenhouse gases. The ocean acidification guardrail (0.2 unit pH decline relative to preindustrial) is less restrictive than the absolute temperature guardrail at climate sensitivities &gt;2.5°C but becomes more constraining at lower climate sensitivities. The sea level rise and rate of rise guardrails (1 m and 5 cm decade−1) are substantially less stringent for ice sheet sensitivities derived in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report, but they may already be committed to violation if ice sheet sensitivities consistent with semiempirical sea level rise projections are assumed.
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Cox, Peter M., David Pearson, Ben B. Booth, Pierre Friedlingstein, Chris Huntingford, Chris D. Jones et Catherine M. Luke. « Sensitivity of tropical carbon to climate change constrained by carbon dioxide variability ». Nature 494, no 7437 (février 2013) : 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11882.

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Ai, Xuyuan E., Anja S. Studer, Daniel M. Sigman, Alfredo Martínez-García, François Fripiat, Lena M. Thöle, Elisabeth Michel et al. « Southern Ocean upwelling, Earth’s obliquity, and glacial-interglacial atmospheric CO2 change ». Science 370, no 6522 (10 décembre 2020) : 1348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd2115.

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Previous studies have suggested that during the late Pleistocene ice ages, surface-deep exchange was somehow weakened in the Southern Ocean’s Antarctic Zone, which reduced the leakage of deeply sequestered carbon dioxide and thus contributed to the lower atmospheric carbon dioxide levels of the ice ages. Here, high-resolution diatom-bound nitrogen isotope measurements from the Indian sector of the Antarctic Zone reveal three modes of change in Southern Westerly Wind–driven upwelling, each affecting atmospheric carbon dioxide. Two modes, related to global climate and the bipolar seesaw, have been proposed previously. The third mode—which arises from the meridional temperature gradient as affected by Earth’s obliquity (axial tilt)—can explain the lag of atmospheric carbon dioxide behind climate during glacial inception and deglaciation. This obliquity-induced lag, in turn, makes carbon dioxide a delayed climate amplifier in the late Pleistocene glacial cycles.
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Singh Tomar, Diwakar. « CARBON TRADING AND CARBON CREDITS HELP IN CLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEM SOLVING ». International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no 9SE (30 septembre 2015) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3224.

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Climate change remains the most burning environmental problem at the present time. Green houses are the most responsible for climate change. Green house gases include gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone. Carbon dioxide is the most dangerous in this. The more developed the country, the greater its participation in carbon emissions.According to a report by the World Resource Institute, India, despite being the fourth largest carbon emitting nation in the world, is far behind the top three carbon emission nations in per capita carbon emissions.Top 05 nations producing greenhouse gas emissions वर्तमान समय में जलवायु परिवर्तन सबसे ज्वलंत पर्यावरणीय समस्या बनी हुई है। जलवायु परिवर्तन के लिए सबसे अधिक जिम्मेदार ग्रीन हाऊस गैसें है। ग्रीन हाऊस गैसों के अन्तर्गत कार्बनडाई आक्साइड, मिथेन, नाइट्रस आक्साइड, ओजोन जैसी गैसें आती हैं। इसमें कार्बनडाईआक्साइड सबसे खतरनाक है। जो देष जितना ज्यादा विकसित है कार्बन उत्सर्जन में उसकी भागीदारी उतनी ही ज्यादा है।वल्र्ड रिसोर्सेृज इंस्टीट्यूट की एक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार भारत विष्व में चैथा सबसे बड़ा कार्बन उत्सर्जक राष्ट्र होने के बाबजूद प्रतिव्यक्ति कार्बन उत्सर्जन में भारत ष्षीर्ष तीन कार्बन उत्सर्जन राष्ट्रों से काफी पीछे है।ग्रीन हाऊस गैस उत्सर्जन करने वाली शीर्ष 05 राष्ट्र
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Koriesh, E. « ORNAMENTAL PLANTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE : CARBON DIOXIDE AND ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE ». Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants 7, no 1 (1 mars 2020) : 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjfop.2020.91398.

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SHIKAZONO, Naotatsu. « Influence of Global Carbon Dioxide Cycle on Tertiary Climate Change. » Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 107, no 3 (1998) : 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.107.3_317.

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Cao, L., G. Bala, K. Caldeira, R. Nemani et G. Ban-Weiss. « Importance of carbon dioxide physiological forcing to future climate change ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no 21 (5 mai 2010) : 9513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913000107.

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Ziska, Lewis H., et Laura L. McConnell. « Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide, and Pest Biology : Monitor, Mitigate, Manage ». Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no 1 (20 février 2015) : 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf506101h.

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Sengul, M., A. E. Pillay, C. G. Francis et M. Elkadi. « Climate change and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration : an African perspective ». International Journal of Environmental Studies 64, no 5 (octobre 2007) : 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230701475521.

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Garrett, Charles W. « On global climate change, carbon dioxide, and fossil fuel combustion ». Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 18, no 5 (janvier 1992) : 369–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(92)90007-n.

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Rörsch, A., R. S. Courtney et D. Thoenes. « The Interaction of Climate Change and the Carbon Dioxide Cycle ». Energy & ; Environment 16, no 2 (mars 2005) : 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305053749589.

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Kallarackal, Jose, et T. J. Roby. « Responses of trees to elevated carbon dioxide and climate change ». Biodiversity and Conservation 21, no 5 (16 février 2012) : 1327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0254-x.

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Varotsos, Costas. « Climate change problems and carbon dioxide emissions : Expecting ‘Rio+10’ ». Environmental Science and Pollution Research 9, no 2 (mars 2002) : 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987452.

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Ordeanu, Viorel, et Lucia Ionescu. « Climate change and public health – past, present, future ». Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 125, no 2 (1 mai 2022) : 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.2.5.

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"The evolution of the planet's climate is multifactorial influenced and has a dynamic over time. Many scientists have approached this controversial field, and each relies on objective but divergent statistics. Geographers have established that planet Earth is in a period of slight slow cooling, not at the level of the four prehistoric ice ages, but only at the level of the Little Ice Age from the Middle Ages which probably caused the great migration of peoples from Asia to Europe. This slow cooling is only slowed down and may even be partially reversed by anthropogenic activities. The industry produces large amounts of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels and other greenhouse gases. Animals produce carbon dioxide through respiration and digestion, some also methane. The waste degradation, fires, volcanic eruptions, swamps, and thawing of permafrost release carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Climate change exit and has always existed, but there is no scientific evidence for global warming or for climate risks other than those we already know. Public health is already facing danger, directly and indirectly, for multiple reasons, to which „climate change” is added. "
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Tagwi, Aluwani. « The Impacts of Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) and Renewable Energy Consumption on Agricultural Economic Growth in South Africa : ARDL Approach ». Sustainability 14, no 24 (8 décembre 2022) : 16468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416468.

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One of the most affected economies by climate change is the agricultural sector. Climate change measured by temperature and precipitation has an impact on agricultural output, which in turn affects the economy of the sector. It is anticipated that using renewable energy will lower carbon emissions that are directly related to climate change. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), renewable energy usage, and climate change on South Africa’s agricultural sector from 1972 to 2021. The nexus was estimated using an Auto Regressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test econometric technique. In the short run, findings indicated that climate change reduces agricultural economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions increase as agricultural economic growth increases. The use of renewable energy was insignificant in the short and long run. Carbon dioxide emissions granger causes temperature and renewable energy unilateral. An ARDL analysis was performed to evaluate the short and long-term relationship between agricultural economic growth, climate change, carbon dioxide emissions and renew able energy usage. The study adds new knowledge on the effects of climate change and carbon emissions on the agricultural economy alongside the use of renewable energy which can be used to inform economic policy on climate change and the energy nexus in the agricultural sector. Study findings point to the prioritization of biomass commercialization, rural and commercial farming sector bioenergy regulations and socioeconomic imperatives research is crucial in order to promote inclusive participation in the production of renewable energy.
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Sai Bhargava Reddy, M., Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Bijandra Kumar et Aboubakr M. Abdullah. « Carbon dioxide adsorption based on porous materials ». RSC Advances 11, no 21 (2021) : 12658–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10902a.

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Global warming is considered one of the world's leading challenges in the 21st century as it causes severe concerns such as climate change, extreme weather events, ocean warming, sea-level rise, declining Arctic sea ice, and acidification of oceans.
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Pollard, D. F. W. « A Forestry Perspective on the Carbon Dioxide Issue ». Forestry Chronicle 61, no 4 (1 août 1985) : 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61312-4.

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The global atmosphere is being enriched with carbon dioxide through the combustion of fossil fuels and reduction of forest biomass and soil organic matter. The estimated preindustrial concentration of 260 parts per million by volume is expected to be doubled by the year 2065, with consequential disturbance in global and regional climates. Enrichment will certainly have direct impacts on the forest sector, probably favouring fast growing species, in particular certain hardwoods and weed species. An antitranspirant effect of CO2 may also improve growth rates and water economies, especially in arid regions. Impacts of climatic disturbance are much more difficult to predict, largely because of uncertainty in current climate response theory. Best available information indicates the development of a serious mismatch between Canadian forests and the climatic regions they will occupy. When viewed as empirical models of climate change, past climate variation suggest that forest pest problems will intensify. Operational measures taken in anticipation of climate change are not warranted, however, because of current uncertainties. Judicious analysis and research will enhance realization of opportunities and reduce impacts of future conditions, particularly as presented by CO2-enriched atmospheres.
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SINGH, MANVENDRA, G. C. MISHRA et R. K. MALL. « Assessment of climate change on wheat (Triticum aestivum) production using crop simulation under Indo-Gangetic Plains ». Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no 3 (29 mars 2022) : 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i3.122729.

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Climate change has very wide impact on different crops and cropping system. In north India crop like wheat also affected due to climate change. To assess the impact of climate change a study using CERES (Crop Environment Resource Synthesis) model was carried out at Kanpur, India. Three different levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) i.e. 450 ppm, 500 ppm and 550 ppm and two different levels of temperature (1̊C and 2̊C) and their interaction were used to study the impact of climate change on wheat production. The results revealed that different elevated levels of carbon dioxide concentration recorded higher production of wheat which ranges from 3–8%. Graded levels of temperatures caused drastic reduction in yield which ranges from 10–17%. Conjoint effect of temperature and carbon dioxide recorded yield losses from 1–16%.
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Kaiser, Harry M. « Climate Change and Agriculture ». Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 20, no 2 (octobre 1991) : 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x0000297x.

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Without a doubt, climate change will be one of the most important environmental topics of the 1990s and will be high on the research agendas of many scientific disciplines in years ahead. While not yet universally accepted, it is now widely believed that anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse” gases have the potential to substantially warm climates worldwide. Although there is no consensus on the timing and magnitude of global warming, current climate models predict an average increase of 2.8°C to 5.2°C in the earth's temperature over the next century (Karl, Diaz, and Barnett). Changes in regional temperature and precipitation will likely accompany the global warming, but there is even less scientific agreement on the magnitude of these changes.
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Jenkins, Rachel. « Climate change, biodiversity and mental health ». BJPsych International 19, no 4 (28 octobre 2022) : 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2022.21.

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Climate change is closely linked to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane due to human activities, and soaring temperatures might themselves pose a risk to natural carbon sequestration in the land. This editorial introduces three papers in the current issue exploring the adverse effects on mental health of climate-related loss of biodiversity and cultural heritage markers and the beneficial effects of adopting a plant-based diet. It also suggest three simple steps that clinicians can themselves take to act against climate change: choosing and recommending a plant-based diet, reducing personal use of fossil fuels and integrating climate change in discourse in all areas of their professional work.
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Fletcher, Benjamin J., Stuart J. Brentnall, Clive W. Anderson, Robert A. Berner et David J. Beerling. « Atmospheric carbon dioxide linked with Mesozoic and early Cenozoic climate change ». Nature Geoscience 1, no 1 (9 décembre 2007) : 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo.2007.29.

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Gillett, Nathan P., Vivek K. Arora, Kirsten Zickfeld, Shawn J. Marshall et William J. Merryfield. « Ongoing climate change following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions ». Nature Geoscience 4, no 2 (9 janvier 2011) : 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1047.

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Davarazar, Mahsa, Dina Jahanianfard, Yahya Sheikhnejad, Behrouz Nemati, Amid Mostafaie, Sara Zandi, Mohammadreza Khalaj, Mohammadreza Kamali et Tejraj M. Aminabhavi. « Underground carbon dioxide sequestration for climate change mitigation – A scientometric study ». Journal of CO2 Utilization 33 (octobre 2019) : 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.022.

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Jong, Meng-Chang, Ann-Ni Soh et Chin-Hong Puah. « Tourism Sustainability : Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in South Africa ». International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no 6 (28 novembre 2022) : 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13662.

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In line with the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development initiated by the United Nations, a climate-resilient development strategy is in a need for the South African tourism. Following the principles of sustainable tourism development, the empirical analysis in this study intends to discover the dynamic relationship between climate change and tourism demand in South Africa. With the adoption of the “Triple Bottom Line” framework, our findings revealed the essential steps for South Africa to address the environmental, social, and economic factors necessary for the development of a sustainable tourism. By adopting the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the present study confirmed that carbon emission leaves a negative impact on the tourism industry in South Africa. Therefore, it is crucial for the tourism practitioners and policy makers to improve the economic efficiency by paying more attention on the carbon dioxide emissions to balance the tourism development and environmental protection for long term sustainable growth for the South African tourism.
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Żylicz, Tomasz. « Economics of climate change ». Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 31, no 1 (1 mars 2020) : 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0004.

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Abstract The paper looks at the ineffectiveness of climate protection undertaken by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite the emission reduction measures commenced by some countries, the global emission of carbon dioxide has increased more than 40% since the adoption of the UNFCCC. The most important reason of the catastrophe is the so-called Berlin Mandate (1995), which exempts most of the countries in the world – including China that became the largest emitter in 2006 – from taking any binding commitments to reduce emissions. The Paris Agreement (2015) has been the first attempt to overcome the failure. There are a number of economic reasons why the protection process has not been successful so far. ‘Carbon leakage’ caused by the fact that most countries do not have binding commitments implies that emission from economies that impose restrictions moves to where it is not constrained. This calls for a global agreement on emission reduction. Such a global agreement requires recognition of the fact that climate protection is a public good. It is surprising that those UNFCCC signatories, who are likely to be hit by the lack of protection most acutely, hesitate to adopt effective provisions.
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Gaskell, Daniel E., et Pincelli M. Hull. « Symbiont arrangement and metabolism can explain high δ13C in Eocene planktonic foraminifera ». Geology 47, no 12 (2 octobre 2019) : 1156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46304.1.

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Abstract An important question in climate modeling is whether carbon cycling is fundamentally different in warm versus cold climate states. A key line of evidence regarding this question comes from the unusually large difference in carbon-isotope values (δ13C) between shallow-dwelling muricate foraminifera and foraminifera living deeper in the water column in the Paleogene. This has been interpreted as evidence that warmer temperatures elevated the metabolic rates of carbon-recycling bacteria, resulting in a steeper gradient in the δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) and reduced carbon export. However, this interpretation depends on the assumption that vital effects—biological processes that bias foraminiferal δ13C—are constant throughout time. We test this assumption using a chemical model of the foraminiferal microenvironment and find that the hypothesized increase in metabolic rates should also increase vital effects, meaning that both Paleogene δ13CDIC gradients and the temperature dependence of metabolism must have been significantly lower than previously estimated. We further propose that muricate foraminifera may have evolved a novel “mat” strategy for photosymbiosis wherein symbionts rested on the muricae in a thin layer surrounding the shell. This hypothesis can explain both the function of muricae and the observed isotopic data without the need for any change in metabolism. Our work thus challenges existing interpretations of δ13C and provides a path forward to empirically test the magnitude of temperature-dependent metabolic change in the deep past.
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