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1
Blazynski, Christine. « Displaced cholinergic, GABAergic amacrine cells in the rabbit retina also contain adenosine ». Visual Neuroscience 3, no 5 (novembre 1989) : 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005927.
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AbstractIt is generally accepted that the purine nucleoside, adenosine, plays a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system (CNS) (Daly et al., 1981; Phillis ' Wu, 1983; Williams, 1986; Williams, 1987; Snyder, 1985). Adenosine is thought to exert its primary effects presynaptically, by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters including ³-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) (Phillis ' Barraco, 1985; Proctor ' Dunwiddie, 1987). In mammalian retina, cell bodies that are strongly labeled for adenosine-like immunoreactivity (ALIR) have been localized to the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (Braas et al., 1987; Blazynski et al., 1989). Rabbit retinal cells that are labeled by markers for both ACh and GABA are located in the GCL and inner nuclear layer (INL) (Tauchi ' Masland, 1984; Vaney ' Young, 1988b; Brecha et al., 1988). It is now demonstrated in the rabbit retina that approximately 50% of the cells labeled for ALIR within the GCL represent true ganglion cells, with the remainder presumed to be displaced cholinergic amacrine cells (DAPI accumulating). In addition, some of these same cells also demonstrate immunoreactivity to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA. Thus, in a particular class of retinal neurons, two fast-acting neurotransmitters as well as a putative neuromodulator have been co-localized.
2
Daou, D., F. Wesemael, P. Bergeron, G. Fontaine et J. B. Holberg. « Spectroscopic Studies and Atmospheric Parameters of ZZ Ceti Stars ». International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989) : 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100099632.
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The pulsating ZZ Ceti stars cover a narrow range of effective temperatures along the cooling sequence of DA white dwarfs (see, eg., Winget and Fontaine 1982). Fast-photometric searches for pulsating stars in that class have provided strong evidence that the ZZ Ceti phase is an evolutionary phase through which all cooling DA stars will eventually go through (Fontaine et al. 1982). Recent investigations, based on optical or ultraviolet photometry and spectrophotometry, have set the boundaries of the instability strip at temperatures near 10,000-11,000 K and 12,000-13,000 K, respectively (McGraw 1979; Greenstein 1982; Weidemann and Koester 1984; Fontaine et al. 1985; Wesemael, Lamontagne, and Fontaine 1986; Lamontagne, Wesemael, and Fontaine 1987, 1988).
3
Hayes, Bernadette C. « OCCUPATIONAL HOMOGAMY WITHIN NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND : A LOG‐LINEAR ANALYSIS ». International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 13, no 1/2 (1 janvier 1993) : 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013169.
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Social mobility has long been viewed as an integrative mechanism for societies. For example, whereas earlier American researchers saw opportunities for social mobility as a vital factor in promoting political stability and the maximisation of equality of opportunity, more recent British sociologists have noted the role of social mobility in legitimising inequalities and impeding class formation and class action. Despite this stress on the importance of social mobility for societal stability, however, there has been little sustained empirical study of the influence of marital homogany either in terms of societal integration or the reproduction of class relations. Yet, as Jones (1987) notes, this neglect of the issue is somewhat puzzling. Not only have earlier studies of class phenomena such as Sorokin (1927) and Schumpeter (1951) paid considerable attention to marriage and the family in relation to social stability, class formation and class cohesion, but, marital patterns, in terms of the economic and social resources of parents, are consistently emphasised as one vital factor in accounting for the subsequent occupational achievements of children (Hayes and Miller, 1991; Miller and Hayes, 1990; Abbott and Sapsford, 1987; Boyd, 1985; Dale et.al., 1985; Cooney et.al., 1982; Marini, 1980) and the political attitudes of households in general (Leiulfsrud and Woodward, 1988, 1987; Abbott, 1987; Britten, 1984).
4
Fletcher, Courtney V., Diane Metzler, Pamela Borchardt‐Phelps et John H. Rodman. « Patterns of Antibiotic Use and Expenditures During 7 Years at a University Hospital ». Pharmacotherapy : The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no 3 (6 mai 1990) : 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1990.tb02575.x.
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Before 1982, annual retrospective drug‐use audits clearly established the pattern of increased antibiotic use and expenditures at the University of Minnesota Hospital. At that point, a concurrent trend analysis system was developed to track this use by individual drug and therapeutic class, to identify trends in use for qualitative evaluation, and to provide an assessment of any intervention intended to alter use. Monthly use of all injectable antibiotics and antifungal agents, and selected oral antifungals has been tracked since 1982 as both defined daily doses and dollars. Use patterns in 1981 served as baseline. The defined daily dose index, which captures changes associated with intensity of antibiotic use per patient, increased 62% from baseline through 1988. This increase, however, resulted in a disproportionate 228% rise from baseline in antibiotic expenditures to nearly $3 million/year for 1988. The defined daily dose index peaked in 1985, declined in 1986, and remained stable for 1987 and 1988. Qualitative drug‐use review programs were associated with this positive change. These results demonstrate the utility of concurrent trend analysis as a resource‐management tool and as a measure of effectiveness for collaborative physician‐pharmacist programs to foster safe, appropriate, and economical use of antiinfective agents.
5
Stephens, George R. « Mortality, Dieback, and Growth of Defoliated Hemlock and White Pine ». Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no 2 (1 juin 1988) : 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.2.93.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract In 1981, hemlock and white pine growing in four mixed-wood stands defoliated by gypsy moth were examined for amount of defoliation, crown class, and stem diameter. During May and October 1982-84 the trees were examined for refoliation, mortality, and crown dieback. Hemlock mortality rose quickly to 37% by October 1982 and slowly thereafter to 43% in October 1984. Mortality among dominant hemlock was half that of other crown classes. No dominant or codominant white pine died. Mortality of intermediate white pine leveled at 6% by October 1983; 16% of suppressed trees died by May 1983, and mortality rose slowly to 26% by October 1984. In the spring following defoliation about a third of the surviving hemlock had crown dieback; within two years, three-fourths of these trees died. No hemlock or white pine defoliated less than 60% died. Diameter growth in 1982, the year following defoliation, was about a fourth of that in 1984 for thinned trees and half for unthinned trees. North. J. Appl. For. 5:93-96, June 1988.
6
Hart, Gillian R. « ‘Class I present’, subjunctive and middle voice in Indo-European ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no 3 (octobre 1990) : 446–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00151353.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Section 1. Introduction 1.01. All the above-mentioned categories have been the subject of considerable interest in the last few years. T. Gotō (1987) has devoted a book to Class I presents (thematic presents with normal grade of the root and stable root accent) in Sanskrit, and H. Rix has published a monograph on Indo-European moods (1986) and an article on the middle voice (1988). B. Barschel (1986) has addressed the question of the antiquity of the subjunctive and optative, and their absence from the Anatolian branch of IE. The question of the special primary endings of the singular active in the thematic conjugation was reopened by W. Cowgill (1985). Yet despite all this attention some questions still remain puzzling.
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Unger, Dan, James Kroll, I.-Kuai Hung, Jeffrey Williams, Dean Coble et Jason Grogan. « A Standardized, Cost-Effective, and Repeatable Remote Sensing Methodology to Quantify Forested Resources in Texas ». Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no 1 (1 février 2008) : 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.1.12.
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Abstract A standardized remote sensing methodology was evaluated for its use in quantifying the forested resources of the state of Texas in a timely and cost-effective manner. Landsat data from 2002 were used to create a land cover base map encompassing a four-county study area in East Texas. Site-specific and non-site-specific accuracy assessments of the classified map indicate that overall the 2002 base map accuracy of 72.78% was within acceptable remote sensing standards for Landsat data and that forest cover types derived from 2002, 1987, and 1980 Landsat data were within 4.4, 0.5, and 7.4% agreement with Forest Inventory and Analysis Program data collected in 1988, 1988, and 1980 respectively. A classified image representing five age class distributions for all forest cover types, derived through a Boolean manipulation of forest cover type maps from 2002, 1997, 1992, 1987, 1984, 1980, and 1974, indicates that overall map accuracy for age class distributions based on 30-m Landsat data from 1974 through 2002 was 58.69%. Overall, results indicate that remote sensing in conjunction with ground truthing can accurately quantify forest composition and age distributions using standardized and readily available data.
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Thomas, Melvin E., et Hayward Derrick Horton. « Race, Class, and Family Structure : The Case of Family Income ». Sociological Perspectives 35, no 3 (septembre 1992) : 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389328.
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African Americans continue to represent one of the most disadvantaged groups in the United States, lagging behind whites on most measures of well-being. Most explanations for the black-white disparity focus on the continued effects of racial discrimination. Other explanations attribute disadvantage to differences in social class origins or family structures. This study provides a critical test of the “racial discrimination,” “social class,” and “family structure” perspectives in regard to family income using data from the 1968 and 1988 Current Population Surveys. Major findings include: 1) race continued to have a negative effect on family income after controls in both 1968 and 1988; 2) race declined in importance by a very modest amount from 1968 to 1988; 3) in both 1968 and 1988, the negative effect of race was stronger for higher-status African Americans than for lower-status African Americans; and 4) the negative effect of race was greater for married-couple families than for female-headed families. Explanations for the findings are offered.
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Fernandez-Castro, T., R. Gonzalez-Riestra, A. Cassatella, A. R. Taylor et E. R. Seaquist. « The Active Phase of the Hot Component of Z Andromedae ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993) : 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900171955.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Z Andromeda is considered as the prototype of the symbiotic class. This system behaves essentially as the nearly uncontamined nucleus of a young planetary nebula. The parameters of its hot component (R=0,07 R0, T > 105 K) show that it lies close to the CSPN in the HR diagram (see Fernández–Castro et al. 1988). During the IUE lifetime (1978 onward), Z And experienced a phase of quiescence followed by an active phase which, starting in April 1984, lasted until about July 1986. Since then the star is recovering its quiescent appearance.
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KITLV, Redactie. « Book Reviews ». New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 64, no 1-2 (1 janvier 1990) : 51–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002026.
Texte intégralRésumé :
-Hy Van Luong, John R. Rickford, Dimensions of a Creole continuum: history, texts, and linguistic analysis of Guyanese Creole. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1987. xix + 340 pp.-John Stewart, Charles V. Carnegie, Afro-Caribbean villages in historical perspective. Jamaica: African-Caribbean Institute of Jamaica, 1987. x + 133 pp.-David T. Edwards, Jean Besson ,Land and development in the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1987. xi + 228 pp., Janet Momsen (eds)-David T. Edwards, John Brierley ,Small farming and peasant resources in the Caribbean. Winnipeg, Canada: University of Manitoba, 1988. xvii + 133., Hymie Rubenstein (eds)-Diane J. Austin-Broos, Anthony J. Payne, Politics in Jamaica. London and New York: C. Hurst and Company, St. Martin's Press, 1988. xii + 196 pp.-Carol Yawney, Anita M. Waters, Race, class, and political symbols: rastafari and reggae in Jamaican politics. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1985. ix + 343 pp.-Judith Stein, Rupert Lewis ,Garvey: Africa, Europe, the Americas. Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1986. xi + 208 pp., Maureen Warner-Lewis (eds)-Robert L. Harris, Jr., Sterling Stuckey, Slave culture: nationalist theory and the foundations of Black America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. vii + 425 pp.-Thomas J. Spinner, Jr, Chaitram Singh, Guyana: politics in a plantation society. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988. xiv + 156 pp.-T. Fiehrer, Paul Buhle, C.L.R. James: The artist as revolutionary. New York & London: Verso, 1988. 197 pp.-Paul Buhle, Khafra Kambon, For bread, justice and freedom: a political biography of George Weekes. London: New Beacon Books, 1988. xi + 353 pp.-Robin Derby, Richard Turits, Bernardo Vega, Trujillo y Haiti. Vol. 1 (1930-1937). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1988. 464 pp.-James W. Wessman, Jan Knippers Black, The Dominican Republic: politics and development in an unsovereign state. Boston, London and Sidney: Allen & Unwin, 1986. xi + 164 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Alma H. Young ,Militarization in the non-Hispanic Caribbean. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1986. ix + 178 pp., Dion E. Phillips (eds)-Genevieve J. Escure, Mark Sebba, The syntax of serial verbs: an investigation into serialisation in Sranan and other languages. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Creole Language Library = vol. 2, 1987. xii + 228 pp.-Dennis Conway, Elizabeth McClean Petras, Jamican labor migration: white capital and black labor, 1850-1930. Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1988. x + 297 pp.
11
Quiroz-Barroso, S. A., John Pojeta, Francisco Sour-Tovar et Salvador Morales-Soto. « Pseudomulceodens : A Mississippian rostroconch from Mexico ». Journal of Paleontology 74, no 6 (novembre 2000) : 1184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017716.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This finding of Pseudomulceodens in Mississippian-age rocks of the Santiago Formation provides the first evidence of the molluscan class Rostroconchia in Mexico. Elsewhere in North American Mississippian rocks the class occurs in Arkansas (Hoare et al., 1982, 1988); Illinois (Weller, 1916); Indiana (Beede, 1906); Iowa (White and Whitfield, 1862); Michigan (Winchell, 1870); Montana and Nevada (Pojeta and Runnegar, 1976); Ohio (Hyde, 1953; Hoare, 1990); and Oklahoma (Branson, 1958).
12
Yu, Yaming. « Concave Renewal Functions do not Imply DFR Interrenewal Times ». Journal of Applied Probability 48, no 2 (juin 2011) : 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1308662647.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Brown (1980), (1981) proved that the renewal function is concave if the interrenewal distribution is DFR (decreasing failure rate), and conjectured the converse. This note settles Brown's conjecture with a class of counterexamples. We also give a short proof of Shanthikumar's (1988) result that the DFR property is closed under geometric compounding.
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Yu, Yaming. « Concave Renewal Functions do not Imply DFR Interrenewal Times ». Journal of Applied Probability 48, no 02 (juin 2011) : 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020000807x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Brown (1980), (1981) proved that the renewal function is concave if the interrenewal distribution is DFR (decreasing failure rate), and conjectured the converse. This note settles Brown's conjecture with a class of counterexamples. We also give a short proof of Shanthikumar's (1988) result that the DFR property is closed under geometric compounding.
14
Haravon, Leslie D. « Exercises in Empowerment : Toward a Feminist Aerobic Pedagogy ». Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 4, no 2 (octobre 1995) : 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.4.2.23.
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The current popularity of aerobic dance exercise makes it an important site for the analysis of women and movement. Feminist researchers have critiqued aerobics as an activity which does more to maintain dominant ideologies of women’s powerlessness than it does to liberate women through movement and action (Kagan & Morse, 1988; MacNeil, 1988; Theberge, 1985, 1987) whereas, based upon psychological studies, a participation in aerobics has been shown to improve self-esteem (Labbe, Welsh, & Delaney, 1988; Plummer & Young, 1987; Skrinar, Bullen, Cheek, McArthur, & Vaughan, 1986). Other scholars point to the contradictions of empowerment and oppression that women must encounter when they participate in aerobic dance exercise (Haravon, 1992; Kenen, 1987; Markula, 1991).In this paper I consider an alternative feminist reading of aerobic dance exercise, arguing that there are specific ways to make the mainstream aerobic workout a site for empowerment for women. Using the commentary of physical education students, I explain how an aerobic workout can empower its female participants. My definition of the term empowerment is borrowed from the work of Nancy Theberge (1985, 1987) in which she discusses women’s liberation and feminist notions of power as they might apply to sport. Theberge argues that “the potential of sport to act as an agent of women’s liberation stems mainly from the opportunity that women’s sporting activity affords them to experience their bodies as strong and powerful and free from male domination” (Theberge, 1985, p. 202). Theberge discusses both energy and creativity as more feminist ways of conceiving of power in sport (Theberge, 1987). I argue that creative and energetic power as well as the experience of a strong body free from male domination can be cultivated in the aerobic workout.In the research presented here, I discuss common theoretical critiques of the practice of aerobics, review interactive studies of aerobics, and describe the method and practice of teaching both aerobics and Hatha Yoga. Quoting students in a yoga class, I note certain aspects of the class that might make it an empowering, consciousness-changing experience for these students. The yoga teaching methods discussed here are used as a guideline for the discussion of the empowering aerobic workout, which prescribes methods for teaching empowering aerobics using the recommendations, critiques and comments from the preceding sections. The purpose of this paper, rather than being a comparison of two representative samples of research subjects in yoga and aerobics classes, is to suggest that a juxtaposition of methods of teaching might reveal practical knowledge about empowering students in an aerobics class. Before discussing teaching and empowerment in particular, I offer the following theoretical perspectives on aerobics which are grounded in Cultural Studies, the assumptions of which are discussed below.
15
Jørgensen, Bent, et Peter Xue-Kun Song. « Stationary Time Series Models with Exponential Dispersion Model Margins ». Journal of Applied Probability 35, no 1 (mars 1998) : 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1032192553.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We consider a class of stationary infinite-order moving average processes with margins in the class of infinitely divisible exponential dispersion models. The processes are constructed by means of the thinning operation of Joe (1996), generalizing the binomial thinning used by McKenzie (1986, 1988) and Al-Osh and Alzaid (1987) for integer-valued time series. As a special case we obtain a class of autoregressive moving average processes that are different from the ARMA models proposed by Joe (1996). The range of possible marginal distributions for the new models is extensive and includes all infinitely divisible distributions with finite moment generating functions, hereunder many known discrete, continuous and mixed distributions.
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Jørgensen, Bent, et Peter Xue-Kun Song. « Stationary Time Series Models with Exponential Dispersion Model Margins ». Journal of Applied Probability 35, no 01 (mars 1998) : 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200014698.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We consider a class of stationary infinite-order moving average processes with margins in the class of infinitely divisible exponential dispersion models. The processes are constructed by means of the thinning operation of Joe (1996), generalizing the binomial thinning used by McKenzie (1986, 1988) and Al-Osh and Alzaid (1987) for integer-valued time series. As a special case we obtain a class of autoregressive moving average processes that are different from the ARMA models proposed by Joe (1996). The range of possible marginal distributions for the new models is extensive and includes all infinitely divisible distributions with finite moment generating functions, hereunder many known discrete, continuous and mixed distributions.
17
Yee, H. K. C., et M. M. De Robertis. « Optical Nuclear Activity in Radio Galaxies in Clusters ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 134 (1989) : 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900141634.
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It has traditionally been accepted that quasars and strong emission-line radio galaxies, although situated in regions of enhanced galaxy density, are rarely found within rich clusters (Yee and Green 1984; Longair and Seldner 1978). The recent finding by Yee and Green (1987) that at z ≳0.5 a substantial fraction of optically bright radio-loud quasars are found in galaxy clusters as rich as Abell class 1, suggests that a substantial evolution of the environments of rich clusters has taken place over this short time period. Similar results for radio galaxies have also been obtained by Hill and Lilly (1988, private communication). If this is an evolutionary effect, then at least some first-rank elliptical galaxies in low-redshift rich clusters must contain remnants of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Motivated by this, we attempted to find traces of AGN-like activity in a sample of FR class I radio galaxies which are known to be “quiescent” absorption-line systems situated in low-redshift clusters.
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Røttingen, Ingolf, et Sigurd Tjelmeland. « Evaluation of the absolute levels of acoustic estimates of the 1983 year class of Norwegian spring-spawning herring ». ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no 3 (1 janvier 2003) : 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00029-8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The 1983 year class of Norwegian spring-spawning herring was large and, in retrospect, increased the spawning stock by more than two million tons when it recruited in 1987–1988. This paper summarizes and evaluates the acoustic estimates of the 1983 year class in the period 1983–2001. The key to the evaluation is a minimum stock based on the number of the 1983 year class caught in the international fishery and the year-class estimates made by the ICES Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries Working Group in 2002 using the SeaStar assessment model. The period of analysis covers a change in instrumentation, around 1990, from the SIMRAD EK400/Nord integrator to the EK500/BEI integrator system. The application of the acoustic estimates in the assessment and management of this herring stock is reviewed. It is concluded that the stock size was underestimated when the acoustic estimates were used in an absolute sense in the 1980s. In the 1990s the acoustic estimates were tuned to stock-size indices obtained from other methodologies and this approach seems to have given a realistic picture of the development of the 1983 year class.
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Artzt, Alice F. « Integrating Writing and Cooperative Learning in the Mathematics Class ». Mathematics Teacher 87, no 2 (février 1994) : 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.2.0080.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As teachers have recognized the importance of giving students opportunities to communicate their ideas about mathematics, they have begun to implement writing activities and cooperative-learning strategies in their classrooms (e.g., Abel and Abel [1988]; Artzt [1979]; Havens [1989); LeGere [1991); Mcintosh [1991]; Nahrgang and Petersen [1986); Sutton [1992]).
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Akujor, Chidi, I. W. A. Browne et P. N. Wilkinson. « Radio Observations of Moderately Compact Steep Spectrum Sources ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 134 (1989) : 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900141920.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It is now common practice for objects with a steep radio spectrum and compact radio structure to be lumped together and called compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources (Peacock and Wall, 1982; van Breugel, 1984 Fanti et al. 1985). This rather arbitrary categorisation results in the class containing sources with a wide range of structures, from core-jet or complex (e.g. 3C147,3C48), small classical doubles (e.g. 3C237, 3C241), to VLBI compact doubles (e.g. CTD93; Phillips and Mutel, 1982). Some of the questions we are asking include: (a)Are compact sources intrinsically small, or do they appear small because they are seen in projection?(b)Why are structures in compact radio galaxies and compact radio quasars different? Wilkinson et al. (1984) and Spencer et al (1988, in preparation)have shown that there appears to be a ‘clear-cut’ difference in morphology between quasar CSS and galaxy CSS, with quasars showing more distortions while galaxies tend to be doubles. But is this trend present even in their slightly more-extended counterparts?
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Aranha, Renato Muchiuti. « Gotham and the gothic city : Gentry’s heroes and working-class villains in a marginalized society ». Revista X 18, no 2 (26 septembre 2023) : 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rvx.v18i2.90686.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a representação da classe trabalhadora e de pessoas pobres como vilãs e monstros em dois quadrinhos do Batman da década de 1980, partindo de questões econômicas e sociais da cidade de Nova York no período. No decorrer do texto relaciono estes elementos com textos góticos ingleses do final do século XIX, especialmente O Médico e o Monstro, e com quadrinhos do Batman das décadas de 1930 e 1940, investigando as representações na ficcional Gotham City em O cavaleiro das trevas (1986) de Frank Miller e em A piada Mortal (1988) de Alan Moore e Brian Bolland.
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Wilson, C. Nick, Allen C. Meadors et Robert F. Duskin. « Hospital CEO Turnover, 1987–1988 : National, Divisional, and Class Turnover Rates ». Hospital Topics 70, no 1 (janvier 1992) : 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00185868.1992.10545239.
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Peng, Chengbin, et M. Nafi Toksöz. « An optimal absorbing boundary condition for elastic wave modeling ». GEOPHYSICS 60, no 1 (janvier 1995) : 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443758.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Absorbing boundary conditions are widely used in numerical modeling of wave propagation in unbounded media to reduce reflections from artificial boundaries (Lindman, 1975; Clayton and Engquist, 1977; Reynolds, 1978; Liao et al., 1984; Cerjan et al., 1985; Randall, 1988; Higdon, 1991). We are interested in a particular absorbing boundary condition that has maximum absorbing ability with a minimum amount of computation and storage. This is practical for 3-D simulation of elastic wave propagation by a finite‐difference method. Peng and Toksöz (1994) developed a method to design a class of optimal absorbing boundary conditions for a given operator length. In this short note, we give a brief introduction to this technique, and we compare the optimal absorbing boundary conditions against those by Reynolds (1978) and Higdon (1991) using examples of 3-D elastic finite‐difference modeling on an nCUBE-2 parallel computer. In the Appendix, we also give explicit formulas for computing coefficients of the optimal absorbing boundary conditions.
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KITLV, Redactie. « Book Reviews ». New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 62, no 3-4 (1 janvier 1988) : 165–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002043.
Texte intégralRésumé :
-William Roseberry, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Peasants and capital: Dominica in the world economy. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture, 1988. xiv + 344 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Robert A. Myers, Dominica. Oxford, Santa Barbara, Denver: Clio Press, World Bibliographic Series, volume 82. xxv + 190 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Robert A. Myers, A resource guide to Dominica, 1493-1986. New Haven: Human Area Files, HRA Flex Books, Bibliography Series, 1987. 3 volumes. xxxv + 649.-Stephen D. Glazier, Colin G. Clarke, East Indians in a West Indian town: San Fernando, Trinidad, 1930-1970. London: Allen and Unwin, 1986 xiv + 193 pp.-Kevin A. Yelvington, M.G. Smith, Culture, race and class in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Foreword by Rex Nettleford. Mona: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of the West Indies, 1984. xiv + 163 pp.-Aart G. Broek, T.F. Smeulders, Papiamentu en onderwijs: veranderingen in beeld en betekenis van de volkstaal op Curacoa. (Utrecht Dissertation), 1987. 328 p. Privately published.-John Holm, Peter A. Roberts, West Indians and their language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988 vii + 215 pp.-Kean Gibson, Francis Byrne, Grammatical relations in a radical Creole: verb complementation in Saramaccan. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Creole Language Library, vol. 3, 1987. xiv + 294 pp.-Peter L. Patrick, Pieter Muysken ,Substrata versus universals in Creole genesis. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Creol Language Library - vol 1, 1986. 315 pp., Norval Smith (eds)-Jeffrey P. Williams, Glenn G. Gilbert, Pidgin and Creole languages: essays in memory of John E. Reinecke. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1987. x + 502 pp.-Samuel M. Wilson, C.N. Dubelaar, The petroglyphs in the Guianas and adjacent areas of Brazil and Venezuela: an inventory. With a comprehensive biography of South American and Antillean petroglyphs. Los Angeles: The Institute of Archaeology of the University of California, Los Angeles. Monumenta Archeologica 12, 1986. xi + 326 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Henk E. Chin ,Surinam: politics, economics, and society. London and New York: Francis Pinter, 1987. xvii, 192 pp., Hans Buddingh (eds)-Lester D. Langley, Howard J. Wiarda ,The communist challenge in the Caribbean and Central America. With E. Evans, J. Valenta and V. Valenta. Lanham, MD: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. xiv + 249 pp., Mark Falcoff (eds)-Forrest D. Colburn, Michael Kaufman, Jamaica under Manley: dilemmas of socialism and democracy. London, Toronto, Westport: Zed Books, Between the Lines and Lawrence Hill, 1985. xvi 282 pp.-Dale Tomich, Robert Miles, Capitalism and unfree labour: anomaly or necessity? London. New York: Tavistock Publications. 1987. 250 pp.-Robert Forster, Mederic-Louis-Elie Moreau de Saint-Mery, A civilization that perished: the last years of white colonial rule in Haiti. Translated, abridged and edited by Ivor D. Spencer. Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America, 1985. xviii + 295 pp.-Carolyn E. Fick, Robert Louis Stein, Léger Félicité Sonthonax: the lost sentinel of the Republic. Rutherford, Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Press, 1985. 234 pp.
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Strother, Paul K. « Clarification of the genus Nematothallus Lang ». Journal of Paleontology 67, no 6 (novembre 1993) : 1090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025476.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Upper Silurian and lowermost Devonian fossil plant assemblages are often dominated by fragmentary remains of problematic land plants that are composed of a tubular anatomy. Traditionally, these remains have been divided into two morphotypes: large three-dimensionally preserved axes (the Prototaxites group), and smaller thalloid incrustations referred to the genus Nematothallus Lang. Because of their peculiar anatomy of different combinations of tubular elements, these plants do not appear to be closely related to the Tracheidatae (sensu Bremer et al., 1987). Neither do they fit easily into any extant algal groups (Rossat, 1952; Edwards, 1982; Strother, 1988). For these reasons, when he first described the genus Nematothallus, Lang (1937) constructed an informal class of plants, the nematophytales, to include these fossils. Strother (1988) further emphasized the differences between the nematophytales and both embryophytes and algae by placing them into a new group, the Paraphyta.
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Nilen, Helen A. L. « A Vase à Anse from Guernsey in the Channel Islands ». Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56 (1990) : 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005144.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tomalin (1988) commented on the similarities of vases a anses in Jersey to those in both north Brittany and south Britain. However following earlier writers, including Kendrick (1928, 89) and Hawkes (1938, 112), who also noted these vessels in Jersey, he finds no examples from the rest of the Channel Islands. Interestingly Kendrick illustrates a single-handled vase à anse from the site of La Rocque qui Sonne, Guernsey (1928, pl. XIV, G80); he describes it simply as a ‘small globular cup’ with ribbon handle (1928, 164). Presumably the Guernsey vessel's single handle excluded it from Kendrick's class ‘I’ of ‘Biconical vases with ribbon handles’ from Jersey, which he identified as ‘familiar Bronze Age ware in Brittany’ (1928, 89).The finding of vases à anses in the Channel Islands indicates communication with at least Brittany, though at a period when the islands seem to have had little to offer the visitor, being at a date just prior to an apparent cessation of contact with Armorican ‘exchange partners’ of long standing. Briard (1986) used the vases à anses among other artefacts, to stress such contacts between the islands and Brittany during the Later Neolithic and Early Bronze Age.
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Polacheck, T., D. Mountain, D. McMillan, W. Smith et P. Berrien. « Recruitment of the 1987 Year Class of Georges Bank Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) : The Influence of Unusual Larval Transport ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no 3 (1 mars 1992) : 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-057.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Unusually strong along-shelf surface flow in the spring of 1987 transported haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae westward from spawning grounds on Georges Bank into the Middle Atlantic Bight, some as far as 400 km beyond the limits of their normal distribution. 0-Group haddock survived in the Bight in record numbers. Their center of abundance occurred along the outer half of the shelf from Delaware Bay to Martha's Vineyard where more than 97% of the 0-group fish resided in the fall of 1987. Juveniles remained more abundant in the Bight than on the bank through the spring of 1988. Collective evidence suggests that survivors returned to Georges Bank during the late spring/early summer of 1988. The estimated number of 0-group fish in the 1987 year class exceeded all previous estimates from a 27-yr time series which included the 1963 year class, the largest recruited to the fishery since record keeping began in 1931.
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Flynn, Andrew, Philip Lowe et Michael Winter. « The Political Power of Farmers : An English Perspective ». Rural History 7, no 1 (avril 1996) : 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000947.
Texte intégralRésumé :
England has one of the longest histories of industrialisation and urbanisation of any West European country. This has inevitably had a formative influence in the structuring of its social science research. For political scientists it has involved an almost overwhelming concern with urban political systems and industrial cleavages. An analysis of class based voting has been a major focal point with its implicit assumption that any other cleavages based, for example, on religious or regional identities are marginal or atavistic. Certainly there has been little acknowledgement of any significant urban–rural divide. In consequence the study of rural politics has been something of an intellectual backwater and there has been no attempt to define or identify rural politics as an object of study. The blinkered vision of political scientists is disappointing. It unduly ignores a number of studies that have engaged with mainstream debates and frequently made worthwhile contributions, most notably, with reference to the case of agriculture, in the understanding of relations between government and industry (Cox et al, 1986; Grant, 1983). There are also signs that some political scientists are beginning to reject models of national (i.e. urban) voting behaviour and political systems in favour of more spatially sensitive work in which greater prominence is given to regional and local differences (Dunleavy, 1990; Johnston, 1985, 1987; Johnston et al, 1988).
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Hanagan, Michael. « New Perspectives on Class Formation : Culture, Reproduction, and Agency ». Social Science History 18, no 1 (1994) : 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021465.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The essays by Hans Marks and Don Kalb represent important contributions to a growing literature on class formation. Much of the current attention to class formation flows from the contemporary concern with larger processes of identity formation (Hanagan 1989; McNall 1988; Tilly 1992). Scholars such as Ira Katznelson and Adam Przeworski have emphasized the contingent character of class identity while, at the same time, reminding us of the need to understand why millions of people in the late nineteenth century chose to band together and fight under banners labeled proletarian (Katznelson 1986; Przeworski 1977).
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Yasuda, Sally Usdin, et Raymond L. Woosley. « The clinical value of FDA class C drugs approved from 1981 to 1988 ». Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 52, no 6 (décembre 1992) : 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1992.194.
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Hamilakis, Yannis. « Archaeology in Greek higher education ». Antiquity 74, no 283 (mars 2000) : 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066321.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The teaching of archaeology in higher education in Greece cannot be viewed in isolation from the broader realms of antiquity, archaeology and the past in modern Greek society and the context of Greek higher education. A growing body of literature has shown that archaeological antiquities have contributed substantially to the generation and perpetuation of a genealogical national myth upon which the modern nation- state of Greece was founded (e.g. Gourgouris 1996; Herzfeld 1982, 1987; Kitromilides 1989; Morris 1994; Skopetea 1988). This ideology of nationalism not only presented the nation-state as the ideal form of political organization for 19th-century Greece, but also presented the inhabitants of Greece as direct descendants of Socrates and Plato. Intellectuals and the emerging middle class merchants imported this western romantic ideology (so popular amongst the European middle-class of the time) into Greece.
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Nadeau, Richard, Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Martial Foucault et Bruno Jérôme. « Patrimony, class, and participation : French elections (1988–2012) ». French Politics 15, no 1 (11 novembre 2016) : 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41253-016-0021-6.
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SCHMELZ, RÜDIGER M., CHRISTER ERSÉUS, PATRICK MARTIN, TON VAN HAAREN et TARMO TIMM. « A proposed order-level classification in Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) ». Zootaxa 5040, no 4 (23 septembre 2021) : 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of our contribution is to propose a robust and practical order-level classification of the families of Oligochaeta, that is, non-leech Clitellata. The order level is mandatory in Linnaean rank-based classification and is also required in many internet-based biodiversity databases. However, it has received little attention in oligochaete systematics, and the few available order-level classifications of Oligochaeta no longer represent phylogenetic relationships adequately. Our proposal is based on corroborated molecular phylogenetic evidence and takes as benchmarks class level for Clitellata, subclass level for Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, and order level for Crassiclitellata, the monophylum that includes most of the earthworm taxa. As a result, eleven orders are proposed: Alluroidida Timm & Martin, 2015; Capilloventrida Timm, n. ordo; Crassiclitellata Jamieson, 1988; Enchytraeida Kasprzak, 1984; Haplotaxida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Lumbriculida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Moniligastrida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Narapida Timm, n. ordo; Parvidrilida Timm, n. ordo; Randiellida Jamieson, 1988; Tubificida Jamieson, 1978. This order-level classification is robust and easily adaptable to future insights into phylogenetic relationships.
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Bryson, Charles T., et Edward M. Croom. « Herbicide Inputs for a New Agronomic Crop, Annual Wormwood (Artemisia annua) ». Weed Technology 5, no 1 (mars 1991) : 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033376.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Annual wormwood has been cultivated on a small scale for production of the artemisinin class of antimalarial drugs in sufficient quantities for preclinical and clinical trials. Large scale cultivation will require a reliable, efficient crop production system. Production systems using 32 herbicides alone or in combinations were evaluated in growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments at Stoneville, MS from 1985 through 1988. The herbicide treatments that provided the best weed control were (A) metolachlor at 2.2 kg ai ha-1preemergence (PRE), (B) chloramben at 2.2 kg ai ha-1(PRE), or (C) trifluralin at 0.6 kg ai ha-1preplant soil incorporated (PPI) followed by fluazifop at 0.2 + 0.2 kg ai ha-1postemergence broadcast (POST) and acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ai ha-1(POST). These herbicide production systems provided excellent weed control (≥85%) and minimal crop injury (≤10%) with no effect on crop height or weight at harvest. Production of artemisinin was not reduced by herbicide treatments A, B, and C in 1987 and treatments B and C in 1988 when compared with the hand-weeded plots.
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Korznikov, K. A., et K. B. Popova. « Floodplain tall-herb forests on Sakhalin Island (class Salicetea sachalinensis Ohba 1973) ». Vegetation of Russia, no 33 (2018) : 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.33.66.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The floodplain tall-herb forests occur in insular part of northeastern Asia along about 2 000 km the latitude gradient from temperate forest zone of Hokkaido (Japan) to boreal zone of central Kamchatka (Russia), including Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The climate is oceanic or suboceanic, and monsoons are expressed. Spring snowmelt and abundant rainfall during tropical cyclones cause flooding (Vasilyev, 1979). Climatic and landscape conditions allow tall herbs (also called “giant herbs”) to form herb communities (ass. Cirsio kamtschaticae–Polygonetum sachalinensis (Ohba 1973) Ohba et Sugawara 1982,class Filipendulo–Artemisietea montanae Ohba 1973) as well, and herb layer in forests (Ohba, Sugawara, 1982; Morozov, 1994). The aim of our research is to describe floodplain tall herb forests on Sakhalin Isl. and identify their syntaxonomic position in phytosociological system of northeastern Asia. The field work was carried out in 2015–2017 in the floodplains of 24 rivers (the basin of 15 river systems) in Central and South Sakhalin. In total 81 relevés were completed at 10×10 m and 5×20 m sample plots. The plant cover (in percent) was determined visually. The following scale was used to transfer these figures into abundance scores for Table format: 7 —76–100 %, 6 — 51–75 %, 5 — 26–50 %, 4 — 11–25 %, 3 — 6–10 %, 2 — 2–5 %, 1 — 1 %, + — <1 %, r — <0.1 %. Clustering (flexible-beta, -0.25) was used for grouping with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in JUICE 7.0. Only vascular plant species were involved in the analysis, because bryophytes were not identified in the each relevé. 22 relevés were removed from analysis, because they did not clearly belong to homogeneous vegetation groups. After clustering 6 groups of relevés were recognized, which were interpreted in a rank of subassociations. We made synoptic Table with the original vegetation data of Sakhalin and 16 published relevés from Kamchatka (Neshatayeva, 2009), and 19 from Hokkaido (Vegetation…, 1988). We describe the new alliance Filipendulo camtschaticae–Salicion udensis (holotypus — the ass. Petasito ampli–Salicetum udensis, Table 2) of class Salicetea sachalinensis Ohba 1973 (syn. Salicetea schwerinii Achtyamov 2001). The alliance includes tall herb forest communities of the insular part of northeastern Asia with Salix spp., Alnus hirsuta, and Populus suaveolens dominance. Differential species combination: Carex dispalata, Cirsium kamtschaticum, Filipendula camtschatica, Heracleum lanatum, Senecio cannabifolius, Urtica platyphylla. Main dominant species: A. hirsuta, Salix udensis, Filipendula camtschatica, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Urtica platyphylla. Communities of the ass. Petasito ampli–Salicetum udensis (holotypus — relevé 20, Table 2) occur in the southern part of Sakhalin Isl., Southern Kuril Islands, and Hokkaido in floodplain habitats on the alluvial soils and occasionally on wet slopes. The dominant species in tree layer are Alnus hirsuta and Salix udensis (median height is 12–13 m, canopy cover is 55 %). The shrub layer is absent or moderately developed (cover is 2 %). The main shrub species is Sambucus racemosa. The tall herbs often suppress the growth of shrubs. The herb layer consist of three sublayers (total cover is 100 %). The moss layer is not developed (cover less 1 %). Differential species combination: Alnus hirsuta, Angelica ursina, Parasenecio hastatus subsp. orientalis, Petasites amplus, Salix udensis, Symplocarpus renifolius. The subass. Petasito ampli–Salicetum udensis lysichitonetosum camtschatcensis (holotypus — relevé 3, Table 2) includes communities with Lysichiton camtschatcense, Caltha fistulosa, and Carex rhynchophysa (differential species combination) on the wettest sites of the rivers’ valleys and along the banks of tributary streams on alluvial groundwater and hydromorphic soils. The subass. Petasito ampli–Salicetum udensis ulmetosum laciniatae is described as nomen provisorium. We found communities on the rarely flooding sites of river terraces in the mountain river valleys in South Sakhalin. Ulmus laciniata dominates in tree layer together with Alnus hitsuta and Salix udensis. Eleutherococcus senticosus and Actinidia kolomikta (shrub form) occasionally form the shrub layer. The communities are similar to those of Japanese azonal union Ulmion davidianae Suz.-Tok. 1954, azonal order Fraxino-Ulmetalia Suz.-Tok. 1967 of zonal deciduous temperate forest class Fagetea crenatae Miyawaki, Ohba et Murase 1964. Differential species combination: Actinidia kolomikta, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ulmus laciniata. The communities of the ass. Filipendulo palmatae–Salicetum udensis (holotypus — relevé 4, Table 3) are distributed in the central part of Sakhalin Isl. We found them in the basins of the two largest Sakhalin rivers — Tym and Poronay, and in small river valleys in the East Sakhalin Mountains. The tree layer consist of Alnus hirsuta and Salix udensis (height is 11–14 m, canopy density is 60 %), and with Chosenia arbutifolia, Populus suaveolens, Fraxinus mandshurica, Ulmus japonica in phytosociological units of the lower rank. Padus avium, Rosa amblyotis, Swida alba, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Sambucus racemosa are more or less abundant in the shrub layer (cover is 13 %). The herb layer consists of two or three sublayers (cover is 65 %). The cover of bryophytes is uneven, median cover is less 1 %. Differential species combination: Carex sordida, Filipendula palmata, Fimbripetalum radians, Ligularia fischeri, Padus avium, Parasenecio hastatus, Rosa amblyotis. Differential species combination of the subass. Filipendulo palmatae–Salicetum udensis typicum: Aconitum karafutense, Galium triflorum, Lactuca sibirica, Parasenecio auriculatus, Trautvetteria japonica, Trientalis europaea, Viola epipsiloides. The subass. Filipendulo palmatae–Salicetum udensis populetosum suaveolentis (holotypus — relevé 21, Table 3) unites the forests with Chosenia arbutifolia and Populus suaveolens. They can be renewed on alluvial pebble beds. The mature forest stands are often located in the middle part of the floodplains between the abandoned channels. Differential species combination: Chosenia arbutifolia, Crataegus chlorosarca, Populus suaveolens, Sorbaria sorbifolia. Subass. Filipendulo palmatae–Salicetum udensis ulmetosum japonicae is described as nomen provisorium. The communities are developed in the Tym River valley on the high, rarely flooding river benches. The location of the communities is nearby to the northeastern area distribution of broad-leaved trees. Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus japonica form tree canopy with Alnus hirsuta, Salix rorida, and Salix udensis. The syntaxonomical position of the subassociation could be changed after getting more data. Differential species combination: F. mandshurica, Salix rorida, U. japonica. We describe the ass. Phalarido arundinaceae–Salicetum schwerinii (holotypus — relevé 23, table 20 in Vegetation…, 1988; tables are attached to the original publication in a form of separate sheets without page numbers) instead of Salicetum petsusu–sachalinensis subass. von Phalaris arundinacea Okuda in Miyawaki 1988 nom. inval. (2d, 3o) (union Salicion subfragilis Okuda 1978, order Sedo–Salicetalia subfragilis Okuda 1978, class Salicetea sachalinensis). After analysis of phytosociological data, we’ve reached the conclusion, that the earlier described original names Salicetum petsusu–sachalinensis subass. typicum Okuda in Miyawaki 1988 nom. inval. and subass. von Angelica ursina Okuda in Miyawaki 1988 nom. inval. (relevés 24–34, Table 20; Vegetation…, 1988) have to be considered as subass. Petasito ampli–Salicetum udensis typicum. These communities do not contain Salix nipponica (= S. subfragilis auct. Fl. Japon., non Andersson) — diagnostic species of the alliance Salicion subfragilis Okuda 1978 and the order Sedo-Salicetalia subfragilis Okuda 1978.
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FERMÉ, EDUARDO, et MAURÍCIO D. L. REIS. « EPISTEMIC ENTRENCHMENT-BASED MULTIPLE CONTRACTIONS ». Review of Symbolic Logic 6, no 3 (13 mai 2013) : 460–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020313000105.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn this article we present a new class of multiple contraction functions—the epistemic entrenchment-based multiple contractions—which are a generalization of the epistemic entrenchment-based contractions (Gärdenfors, 1988; Gärdenfors & Makinson, 1988) to the case of contractions by (possibly nonsingleton) sets of sentences and provide an axiomatic characterization for that class of functions. Moreover, we show that the class of epistemic entrenchment-based multiple contractions coincides with the class of system of spheres-based multiple contractions introduced in Fermé & Reis (2012).
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Sundberg, Per, et Susanne Andersson. « Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd) and Intraspecific Variation in Oerstedia Dorsalis (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) ». Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no 2 (mai 1995) : 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400018324.
Texte intégralRésumé :
INTRODUCTIONThe littoral/sublittoral hoplonemertean (phylum Nemertea) species Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806) is described as polymorphic in external characters (Örsted, 1844; Burger, 1895; Brunberg, 1964). Sundberg (1984) grouped specimens in three classes based on external morphology and asked, using multivariate morphometrics, if there was a consistent correlation between external and internal characters. Such a correlation would have indicated a restricted gene flow between the externally different morphs, and thus the possibility of a group of species instead of one, polymorphic, species.One of the forms in Sundberg (1984) appeared to be different from the other two morphs but the morphometric analysis was inconclusive. Later, Sundberg & Janson (1988) established by enzyme electrophoresis that this form was genetically different and it was later described as Oerstedia striata (Sundberg, 1988). A problem both in Sundberg (1984), and Sundberg & Janson (1988) was that one of the groupings (class ‘C’ in both studies) of specimens subsumed a number of morphs, all speckled or dotted but to varying degrees. These morphs may in fact represent different species, which would have been concealed in the electrophoretic and morphometric analysis as merely increased intraspecific variation. One of the ‘C’ morphs in Sundberg (1984) and Sundberg & Janson (1988) is light brown with numerous small dark brown/black dorsal spots. Based on one specimen from Anglesey, North Wales, Gibson (1988) described Oerstedia (Paroerstedia) nigrimaculata which is externally similar to this variety. Envall & Sundberg (1993) could not find any differences in internal characters between the type specimen of O. nigrimaculata and the brown form of O. dorsalis but hesitated to conclude that O. nigrimaculata is a variety of O. dorsalis.
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George, Santhosh, et M. Thamban Nair. « A class of discrepancy principles for the simplified regularization of ill-posed problems ». Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 36, no 2 (octobre 1994) : 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000010389.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractA class of discrepancy principles for the choice of parameters for the simplified regularization of ill-posed problems is proposed. This procedure does not require knowledge of the unknown solution, and if the smoothness of the unknown solution is known then the convergence rate obtained is optimal. The results of this paper include the Arcangeli's method considered by Groetsch and Guacaneme (1987) for which the convergence rate was not known and also of a result of Guacaneme (1988) for which there is a gap in the proof.
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Kessler, M. F. « The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) : Overview and Status ». Highlights of Astronomy 11, no 2 (1998) : 1107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600019687.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) is a cryogenically-cooled satellite giving the astronomical community, for the first time, the capability of making detailed observations at infrared wavelengths (2.5-240 ˜m) with a sophisticated and sensitive set of observatory-class instruments for a period in excess of two years.The proposal for ISO was made to ESA in 1979 and it was selected in 1983 to be the next new start. The instruments were chosen in 1985 and ISO’s main industrial development started in 1988. Launch took place in November 1995 and the helium coolant is expected to last until April 1998. The calibration and data analysis will be improved during the post-operations phase, which is funded to the end of 2001.
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Flakierski, Henryk. « 8 Class Divisions in East-Central Europe, 1949—1988 ». International Journal of Sociology 25, no 4 (décembre 1995) : 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1995.11770128.
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Barrett, Stephen, et Stephen Arno. « Fire History of the Lamar River Drainage Yellowstone National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 14 (1 janvier 1990) : 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2911.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper we discuss the first phase of a 3-year effort to document the fire history of Yellowstone National Park's (YNP) Lamar River drainage southeast of Soda Butte Creek. The overall goal of the study was to provide managers with a more complete understanding of YNP natural fire regimes. Specific objectives were: 1. Determine natural (pre-1900) fire periodicities, severities, burning patterns, and post-fire succession within the study area's major forest types (Douglas fir/ grassland, lodgepole pine/subalpine fir/ spruce, whitebark pine/lodgepole pine/ subalpine fir, and whitebark pine/subalpine fir timberline habitats); 2. document and map the pre-1988 forest age-class mosaic; and 3. digitize the age-class mosaic map for the YNP's GIS data base. This study is considered especially timely because the 1988 fires destroyed much evidence of area fire history. Our sampling in 1989 focused on a 24,000 ha area encompassing the Cache Creek drainage, which was severely burned in 1988. The forest age-class mosaic was sampled by increment boring and sawing fire scar samples from old trees (Arno and Sneck 1977, Barrett and Arno 1988). Aerial photographs were used to map the pre-1988 forest age-class mosaic; Data was digitized for the park's GIS data base. Information from the YNP fire atlas also was useful in interpreting fire patterns during the post-1900 period.
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Ber, A., J. Huang, G. Levitina et F. Sukochev. « Derivations with Values in the Ideal of $$\tau $$-Compact Operators Affiliated with a Semifinite von Neumann Algebra ». Communications in Mathematical Physics 390, no 2 (25 janvier 2022) : 577–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-022-04313-0.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractLet $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$ M be a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal semifinite trace $$\tau $$ τ and let $${{\mathcal {A}}}$$ A be an arbitrary von Neumann subalgebra of $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$ M . We characterize the class of symmetric ideals $${{\mathcal {E}}}$$ E in $${{\mathcal {M}}}$$ M such that derivations $$\delta :{{\mathcal {A}}}\rightarrow {{\mathcal {E}}}$$ δ : A → E are necessarily inner, which is a unification and far-reaching extension of the results due to Johnson and Parrott (J Funct Anal 11:39–61, 1972), due to Kaftal and Weiss (J Funct Anal 62:202–220, 1985), and due to Popa (J Funct Anal 71:393–408, 1987). In particular, we show that every derivation from $${{\mathcal {A}}}$$ A into the ideal $${{\mathcal {C}}}_0({{\mathcal {M}}},\tau )$$ C 0 ( M , τ ) of all $$\tau $$ τ -compact operators is inner, establishing a semifinite version of the Johnson–Parrott–Popa Theorem which is different from Popa and Rădulescu (Duke Math J 57(2):485–518, 1988, Theorem 1.1) and contrasts to the example of a non-inner derivation established in Popa and Rădulescu (1988, Theorem 1.2).
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Ashurov, Ravshan, Almaz Butaev et Biswajeet Pradhan. « On Generalized Localization of Fourier Inversion Associated with an Elliptic Operator for Distributions ». Abstract and Applied Analysis 2012 (2012) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/649848.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We study the behavior of Fourier integrals summed by the symbols of elliptic operators and pointwise convergence of Fourier inversion. We consider generalized localization principle which in classicalLpspaces was investigated by Sjölin (1983), Carbery and Soria (1988, 1997) and Alimov (1993). Proceeding these studies, in this paper, we establish sharp conditions for generalized localization in the class of finitely supported distributions.
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Fortin, Réjean, Martin Léveillé, Paul Laramée et Yves Mailhot. « Reproduction and year-class strength of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the Sainte-Anne River, at La Pérade, Quebec ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no 7 (1 juillet 1990) : 1350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-202.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Experimental catches of a fyke-net fishery operated in the Sainte-Anne River during the 1980–1981 to 1983–1984 spawning seasons showed that although the majority of adult tomcod migrate upstream during rising tide, significant numbers do so against the tidal current. Most spawners return to the Saint Lawrence River during a falling tide. In the first 2 years, peak upstream migration occurred during the second half of December, and in the last 2 years, early in the second half of January. The date of peak upstream migration is significantly correlated with September and October air temperature in the summer habitat. Peak downstream migration of spawned-out adults occurred during the second half of January in 3 years and on 1 February in 1 year. The peak of the upstream and downstream migration of males and females generally occurred on the same dates. The spawning period extends minimally from mid-December to mid-February, but probably peaks close to the maximum of the downstream migration. The length and age composition of the Sainte-Anne River tomcod spawning stock remained relatively stable between the 1980–1981 and the 1983–1984 seasons. For the 1975–1976 to 1981–1982 period, the environmental variable to which year-class strength showed the highest parametric correlation was mean December Sainte-Anne River discharge. Stronger year-classes were produced in years of high water levels and discharge during the spawning period.
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Bakel, M. A., R. Borofsky, Andrew Beatty, J. A. Feldman et al., A. G. Beek, Christian F. Feest, N. Bootsma et al. « Book Reviews ». Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 146, no 4 (1990) : 476–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003215.
Texte intégralRésumé :
- M.A. van Bakel, R. Borofsky, Making history; Pukapukan and anthropological constructions of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 201 pp.; ill. - Andrew Beatty, J.A. Feldman et al., Nias, tribal treasures: Cosmic reflections in stone, wood and gold, Delft: Volkenkundig Museum Nusantara, 1990. - A.G. van Beek, Christian F. Feest, Technologie und ergologie in der Völkerkunde, Band 2, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Ethnologische Paperbacks, 1989. xiv, 290 pp., Alfred Janata (eds.) - N. Bootsma, Bernhard Dahm, José Rizal, Der nationalheld der Filipinos, Zürich: Munster-Schmidt Verlag Göttingen, 1988, 88 pp. - Aart G. Broek, John de Pool, Bolívar op / en Curaçoa: Historische novelle / leyende histórico [Inleiding door / introducción del L.W. Statius van Eps en / y E. Luckmann-Levy Maduro; vertaling uit het Spaans door L. Hoetink-Espinal], Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1988. - Martin van Bruinessen, Peter Kloos, Door het oog van de antropoloog: Botsende visies bij heronderzoek. Muiderberg: Dick Coutinho, 1988, 148 pp. - J.G. de Casparis, Charles Higham, The Archaeology of mainland Southeast Asia. From 10,000 B.C. to the fall of Angkor. Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. - H.J.M. Claessen, Luc de Heusch, Ecrits sur la royauté sacrée. Brussel, Institut de Sociologie: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles. 1987. 314 pp. - H. Dagmar, Erich Kolig, The Noonkanbah Story, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1987. - Anke van Dijke, Linda Terpstra, Anil Ramdas, De strijd van de dansers; Biografische vertellingen uit Curaçao, Amsterdam: SUA, 1988. - B.F. Galjart, Hans-Dieter Evers, Strategische gruppen. Vergleichende studien zu staat, bürokratie und klassenbildung in der dritten welt. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1988, 279 pp., Tilman Schiel (eds.) - J. Hoffenaar, G. Teitler, Anatomie van de Indische defensie: Scenario’s, plannen, beleid 1892-1920. [Anatomy of the defence of the Netherlands East Indies: Scenarios, plans, policy 1892-1920], Amsterdam: Van Soeren, 1988, 482 pp. - Rudy de Jongh, Sjoerd Rienk Jaarsma, Waarneming en interpretatie. Vergaring en gebruik van ethnografische informatie in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea (1950-1962). Utrecht: Interdisiplinair Sociaal Wetenschappelijk Onderzoekinstituut Rijksuniversiteit, 1990. 247 pp. English summary. - Ward Keeler, J.Joseph Errington, Structure and style in Javanese: A semiotic view of linguistic etiquette, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988, 290 pp. - Ank Klomp, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship and class in the West Indies; A genealogical study of Jamaica and Guyana, Cambridge etc.: Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University Press, 1988. - G.J. Knaap, A.H.P. Clemens, Het belang van de Buitengewesten; Economische expansie en koloniale staatsvorming in de Buitengewesten van Nederlands-Indië 1870-1942, NEHA-series III, deel 7, Amsterdam: NEHA, viii + 306 pp. 1989., J.Th. Lindblad (eds.) - Jaap de Moor, E.S. van Eyck van Heslinga, Van compagnie naar koopvaardij; De scheepvaartverbinding van de Bataafse Republiek met de koloniën in Azië 1795-1806, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1988. [Hollandse Historische Reeks, no. IX.] 320 pp., kaart, ills., tabellen, bibliografie, index. - Otto van den Muijzenberg, Jean-Claude Lejosne, Le journal de voyage de G. van Wuysthoff et de ses assistants au Laos (1641-1642), Metz: Editions du Centre de Documentation du Cercle de Culture et de Recherches Laotiennes, 1987. 370 pp., 3 indices, bibliography, maps, illustrations. - Gert J. Oostindie, M.J. van den Blink, Olie op de golven; De betrekkingen tussen Nederland/Curaçao en Venezuela gedurende de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1988, 128 pp. - Rien Ploeg, Robert M. Hill II, Continuities in highland Maya social organisation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, xxii + 176 pp., 1987., John Monaghan (eds.) - Harry A. Poeze, Takashi Shiraishi, An age in motion; Popular radicalism in Java, 1912-1926, Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1990. xxiv + 365 pp. - Rob de Ridder, Willem F.H. Adelaar, Het boek van Huarochirí. Mythen en riten van het Oude Peru, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1988, 150 pp., - Marie-Odette Scalliet, Peter Carey, A.A.J. Payen: Journal de mon voyage à Jogja Karta en 1825. The outbreak of the Java War (1825-30) as seen by a painter, Cahier d’Archipel 17, Paris 1988. XIV + 183 pp., 17 ill., 3 maps. - Matthew Schoffeleers, Marion Melk-Koch, Auf der Suche nach der menschlichen Gesellschaft: Richard Thurnwald, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1989. 352 pp., maps, photographs and Thurnwald bibliography. - Matthew Schoffeleers, Peter Metcalf, Where are you / Spirits? Style and theme in Berawan prayer, Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989, 345 pp. - J.W. Schoorl, J.F.L.M. Cornelissen, Pater en Papoea; Ontmoeting van de Missionarissen van het Heileg Hart met de cultuur der Papoea’s van Nederlands Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea (1905-1963), Kampen: Kok, 1988, XIV + 256 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Jo Derkx, Suriname; A bibliography, 1980-1989, Leiden: KITLV (Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology), Department of Caribbean studies, 1990, 297 pp., Irene Rolfes (eds.) - A.A. Trouwborst, Th. Schweizer (Hg), Netzwerkanalyse; Ethnologische perspektiven, Berlin: Dietrich Reimerverlag, 1989, VIII, 229 pp. - Hans Vermeulen, Brian Juan O’Neill, Social inequality in a Portugese hamlet; Land, late marriage and bastardy, 1870-1978, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 431 pp. 1987. - C.W. Watson, Hendrick M.J. Maier, In the center of authority. The Malay Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Ithaca: Southeast Asia program, Studies on Southeast Asia , 1988. 210 pp. - Neil Lancelot Whitehead, Edmundo Magaña, Orión y la mujer Pléyades. Simbolismo astronómico de los indios kaliña de Surinam, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris, 1988. [CEDLA Latin American studies series 44.] 373 pp. - J.J. de Wolf, Meyer Fortes, Religion, morality and the person: Essays on Tallensi religion, edited and with an introduction by Jack Goody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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Hu, Yaoyue, Taina Leinonen, Mikko Myrskylä et Pekka Martikainen. « Changes in Socioeconomic Differences in Hospital Days With Age : Cumulative Disadvantage, Age-as-Leveler, or Both ? » Journals of Gerontology : Series B 75, no 6 (14 mai 2018) : 1336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx161.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Objectives Length of hospital stay is inversely associated with socioeconomic status (SES). It is less clear whether socioeconomic disparities in numbers of hospital days diverge or converge with age. Method Longitudinal linked Finnish registry data (1988–2007) from 137,653 men and women aged 50–79 years at the end of 1987 were used. Trajectories of annual total hospital days by education, household income, and occupational class were estimated using negative binomial models. Results Men and women with higher education, household income, and occupational class had fewer hospital days in 1988 than those with lower SES. Hospital days increased between 1988 and 2007. For some age groups, higher SES was associated with a faster annual rate of increase, resulting in narrowing rate ratios of hospital days between SES groups (relative differences); the rate ratios remained stable for other groups. Absolute SES differences in numbers of hospital days appeared to diverge with age among those aged 50–69 years at baseline, but converge among those aged 70–79 years at baseline. Discussion The hypotheses that socioeconomic disparities in health diverge or converge with age may not be mutually exclusive; we demonstrated convergence/maintenance in relative differences for all age groups, but divergence or convergence in absolute differences depending on age.
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Chessor, Danuta, et Diana Whitton. « The Impact of Grouping Gifted Primary School Students on Self-Concept, Motivation and Achievement From Parents' Perspectives ». Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, no 1 (1 juillet 2005) : 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.93.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractA degree of controversy and debate exists about the best educational experiences to fulfil the potential of gifted students. Special class placement can give good educational experiences and opportunities for gifted students. However, Marsh and Parker (1984) described the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) where equally able students have lower academic self-concepts in high-ability schools than in low-ability schools. Self-concept is an important factor in determining academic achievement. The place of motivation in academic achievement is well documented (Ames, 1992; Ames & Archer, 1988; Blumenfeld, 1992; Dweck, 1986) and determined by mastery or performance-goal orientation (Dweck, 1986). The motivation will ultimately have a bearing on both achievement and self-concept. The purpose of this research was to determine the interrelationship of self-concept, motivation and achievement in gifted primary school children in a variety of groupings from a parent's perspective.
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Sassler, Sharon, et Michael J. White. « Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Mobility in 1910 ». Social Science History 21, no 3 (1997) : 321–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017776.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The belief that the social class position an individual inherits at birth is not itself a prime determinant of subsequent personal achievement is a cherished part of American democratic tradition. Social historians attempting to measure whether the mobility opportunities so eagerly sought by immigrants were in fact realized have looked at the occupations of immigrant men and their sons. Evidence from such diverse areas as Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and New York City indicates that at the turn of the century many men did experience upward occupational mobility; some groups, notably blacks, did not fare as well as did white immigrants, and not all white immigrants experienced the same rates of occupational improvement (Bodnar et al. 1982; Lieberson 1980; Model 1988; Thernstrom 1964, 1973; Zunz 1982). This essay turns to the first decade of the twentieth century to explore some of the factors contributing to socioeconomic mobility.
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Fisher, J. P., et W. G. Pearcy. « Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off Oregon and Washington, USA, in Years of Differing Coastal Upwelling ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no 6 (1 juin 1988) : 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-127.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Estimated growth rates, condition, and stomach fullness of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) caught in the ocean in early summer, when mortality was most variable, were as high in 1983 and 1984, years of very low survival and low early upwelling, as in 1981, 1982, and 1985, years of higher survival and higher early upwelling. Chronic food shortage leading to starvation, poor condition, or slow growth apparently was not the cause of the increased mortality of juvenile coho salmon in 1983 and 1984. Survival of juvenile coho salmon was positively correlated with purse seine catches of fish in June and with early summer upwelling, 1981–85. Hence, year-class success probably was determined early in the summer, soon after most juvenile coho salmon entered the ocean. Spacing of the first five ocean circuli, which was positively correlated with growth rate, was not significantly different for fish caught early in the summer and those caught late in the summer, suggesting that growth rate selective mortality in the ocean was not strong. The increase in mortality in 1983 and 1984 may have been caused by increased predation on juvenile coho salmon due to decreased numbers of alternative prey for predators.
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Zhao, Fengping. « Praise or Criticism ? How Should Teachers Give Effective Feedback in the Classroom Teaching ? » Science Insights Education Frontiers 10, no 1 (31 octobre 2021) : 1312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.21.co024.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tere are many factors that affect students' academic performance. Early studies emphasized students’ existing foundations, their own abilities (Stigler, Lee & Stevenson, 1986), family factors (Wang, 2015), school or class organizational structure (Angrist, & Lavy, 1999; Häkkinen, Kirjavainen & Uusitalo, 2003), cultural factors (Stigler, Stevenson, 2005; Geary, Bow-Thomas, Fan & Siegler, 1993) and other influences on their academic performance. However, the research on the influence of teacher factors has only received attention since the 1980s. Researchers explored the relationship between teachers’ classroom behavior and students’ academic performance, trying to focus on the teaching process (Lockheed & Komenan, 1989), teacher guidance (Brophy, 1988), teacher feedback (Gettinger, & Stoiber, 1999), Teacher planning and preparation (Peterson, Marx & Clark, 1978) explored the causes that can significantly affect students' academic performance.