Articles de revues : « Cladosporoide »

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Miljakovic, Dragana, Dragana Milosevic, Maja Ignjatov, Jelena Marinkovic, Gordana Tamindzic, Branislava Tintor et Zorica Nikolic. « Screening of Bacillus spp. as potential biocontrol agents against sunflower pathogens ». Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, n^o 143 (2022) : 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243065m.

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Bacillus spp. are well known to protect plants from seed or soil-borne pathogens by the synthesis of various metabolites with antimicrobial activity, such as hy?drolytic enzymes and antibiotics. This study aimed to select the most effective Bacillus spp. from a group of ten antagonistic strains by antifungal activity assay. Bacillus strains were primarily isolated from the soil and identified as B. safensis, B. pumilus and B. subtilis by 16S rDNA sequencing. The four analyzed fungi: Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporoides, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were obtained from sunflower seeds and identified using PCR analysis and primers specific for ITS region. The antifungal activity of bacterial strains was examined in a dual plate assay. Bacillus spp. demonstrated the highest antagonism against S. sclerotiorum, followed by C. cladosporoides, M. phaseolina, and A. alternata, with an average percentage of growth inhibition (PGI) of 77%, 70%, 64% and 59%, respectively. Overall, Bacillus spp. included in this study demonstrated a rather strong biocontrol potential, although the effect of particular strain varied depending on the tested fungi. The highest antagonistic effect toward M. phaseolina and A. alternata was exhibited by B. safensis B2 and B. pumilus B3. B. pumilus B11 and B. subtilis B32 were the most efficient against C. cladosporoides, whereas B. pumilus B3 and B. subtilis B7 had the highest antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. Findings point to the fact that the most effective Bacillus spp. could be used as potential biocontrol agents for improving plant health and productivity.

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Martínez, Angel T., Aldo E. González, Lourdes Abarca et Javier Cabanes. « A new Botryoascus from the air of a poultry farm ». Canadian Journal of Botany 68, n^o 8 (1 août 1990) : 1738–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-223.

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A new endomycetaceous fungus, Botryoascus cladosporoides, is described. This species differs from the previously described Botryoascus synnaedendrus in conidial structures and physiological characteristics and occurs in a very different habitat. Key words: yeasts, endomycetes, taxonomy, aeromycology.

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Gutiérrez, Margarita, Unai Carmona, Gabriel Vallejos et Luis Astudillo. « Antifungal Activity of Tetrahydroquinolines against Some Phytopathogenic Fungi ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, n^o 11-12 (1 décembre 2012) : 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-11-1204.

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Seven synthetic tetrahydroquinolines with different substitution patterns were obtained by an imino Diels-Alder condensation reaction and were evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi. Compounds with a methoxy group showed interesting activity against Cladosporium cladosporoides with a MIC value of 13.75 μg/mL

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Hong, Soon Gyu, et Barry M. Pryor. « Development of selective media for the isolation and enumeration of Alternaria species from soil and plant debris ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2004) : 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-036.

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A new semi-selective medium, acidified weak potato-dextrose agar (AWPDA) with Mertect (active ingredient: thiabendazole), was developed for the isolation and enumeration of Alternaria species from samples of soil and plant debris. The medium was selected based on growth inhibition tests against Alternaria and several other commonly encountered saprobic fungi utilizing three antifungal agents, Botran (active ingredient: dichloran), Bayleton (active ingredient: triadimefon), and Mertect, and two basal media, acidified potato-dextrose agar (APDA) and AWPDA. Botran inhibited growth of Rhizopus stolonifer moderately, but had little effect on Cladosporium cladosporoides, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium chrysogenum, or Trichoderma harzianum. Bayleton inhibited growth of R. stolonifer and C. cladosporoides severely, and inhibited growth of F. oxysporum, P. chrysogenum, and T. harzianum moderately. Mertect inhibited growth of C. cladosporoides, F. oxysporum, P. chrysogenum, and T. harzianum completely, but had little or moderate effect on R. stolonifer. All three antifungal agents inhibited growth of Alternaria species slightly or moderately. The combination of Bayleton and Mertect inhibited growth of all fungi severely. A comparison of recovery rates of Alternaria from soil and plant debris samples on AWPDA with Mertect and weak potato-dextrose agar (WPDA) revealed that Alternaria spp. accounted for 63.6%–81.0% of recovered fungal isolates on AWPDA with Mertect as compared to 0.6%–2.7% of recovered isolates on WPDA. The AWPDA medium with Mertect exhibited superior selective growth of Alternaria species from samples of soil and plant debris, and will be useful in studies where the recovery and enumeration of Alternaria species is necessary.Key words: Alternaria, AWPDA, selective media, sporulation, Mertect.

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Tirumale, Sharmila, et Nazir Wani. « BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM ». Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n^o 9 (7 septembre 2018) : 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.26836.

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Objective: This study evaluated the Chaetomium cupreum extracts as biocontrol agents against four plant pathogenic fungi (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis azadirachtae, and Rhizoctonia solani).Method: The antifungal activity of n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. cupreum was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi using food poison method.Result: In n-butanol extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 88.3±0.1, F. oxysporum was 59.4±0.2, R. solani was 56.2±0.9, and P. azadirachtae was 52.0±0.1at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. In ethyl acetate extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 86.0±0.5, F. oxysporum was 66.4±0.1, P. azadirachtae was 55.2±0.9, and R. solani was 52.0±0.1 at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: It was found that n-butanol extract is more effective than ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum. Future studies will focus on the purification and characterization of compounds of C. cupreum and their biocontrol capacity with the mechanism for plant pathological applications.

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Elshafie, A. E., et N. S. AL-Shally. « Mycoflora and Mycotoxigenic Moulds of Pistachio Nuts for Human Consumption in the Sultanate of Oman ». Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 3 (1 décembre 1998) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol3iss0pp1-6.

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Mycoflora of 75 cans of different batches and brands of pistachio nuts purchased in the Sultanate of Oman was studied. A number of fungi were isolated, with percentages of contaminated nuts [average between brands ] as follows: Aspergillus niger 14.8%, Penicillium spp. 13.6%, A flavus 9.7%, A nidulans 1.6%, and < l % for Cladosporium cladosporoides, Alternaria alternata , A ochraceeus and Ulocadium consortiale. Significant differences were found among the batches and brands contaminated by A flavus. A flatoxin B, was found only in one sample out of 1.5 assayed at a level of 2 ug/kg.

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Ferdous, Kazi Jannatul, Md Hossain Sohrab, Mst Nadira Begum, Md Rakibul Islam et Md Abdul Mazid. « Morphological and Molecular Identification Of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Zingiber Officinale Rosc. » Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 29, n^o 2 (27 décembre 2022) : 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v29i2.63534.

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This study was conducted to discover wide spectrum of endophyte diversity from the Zingiber officinale Rosc. Endophytic fungi were obtained from different plant tissues. All the isolated strains were identified up to genus level following described colony morphology. The recognized five different morphotypes were subjected to sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani and Cladosporium cladosporoides were identified based on comparison of the BLAST results and phylogenetic identification. The presented study provides the comprehensive explanation of the interrelation of morphological and molecular homologies for the identification of the prospective fungi. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 29(2): 361-371, 2022 (December)

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Grbic-Ljaljevic, Milica, Milos Stupar, Jelena Vukojevic, Marina Sokovic, Danijela Misic, Dragoljub Grubisic et Mihailo Ristic. « Antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil ». Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, n^o 10 (2008) : 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0810961g.

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The chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of an endemic Serbian plant Nepeta rtanjensis Diklic & Milojevic was studied. The essential oil was isolated from cultivated plants. Inhibition of mycelia growth of five micromycetes, two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Trichoderma viride and Bipolaris spicifera, were tested using the agar dilution method. The essential oil of N. rtanjensis, the main component of which was 4aa,7a,7ab-nepetalactone, showed strong antifungal activity against all the tested micromycetes. The minimum inhibitory concentration of N. rtanjensis essential oil ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 ?g mL-1. The fungi most sensitive to the tested oil were Alternaria species, while Trichoderma viride was the most resistant.

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Rosa, Lidiya Praktika, Dwi Wahyuni et Siti Murdiyah. « Isolasi dan Identifikasi Fungi Endofit Tanaman Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) ». Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 22, n^o 1 (27 juin 2020) : 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.22.1.26-45.

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Plants Suruhan (Paperomia pellucida L. Kunth) has traditionally been used as a drug abscesses, boils acne, skin diseases, headaches, relieve pain in arthritic.Various properties owned by the plant Suruhan make this plant as a major commodity medicinal plants are cultivated by the people. Suruhan pharmacological function can not be separated because their secondary metabolites that allegedly resulted from their symbiosis with endophytic microbes such as fungi. Endophytic fungi are microscopic fungi that live intracellularly in the plant tissue without damaging the host. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi on plant fruit organs errand. Isolation of endophytic fungi on errands obtained 15 isolates comprising of Fusarium sambucinum, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Cladophialophora sp. Myrothecium sp., Gliocladium sp., Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus sp., Aspergilus niger, Lichtheimia sphaerocystis dan Absidia corymbifera.

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Ai, Wen, Xiuping Lin, Zhen Wang, Xin Lu, Fredimoses Mangaladoss, Xianwen Yang, Xuefeng Zhou, Zhengchao Tu et Yonghong Liu. « Cladosporone A, a new dimeric tetralone from fungus Cladosporium sp. KcFL6’ derived of mangrove plant Kandelia candel ». Journal of Antibiotics 68, n^o 3 (24 septembre 2014) : 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2014.126.

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Bulski, Karol, et Krzysztof Frączek. « Mycological Air Quality at Animal Veterinary Practice ». Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021) : 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.011.

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The objective of the study was to characterize the mycological quality of air at animal veterinary practice in Krakow. Bioaerosol measurements were performed during the summer season of 2017. The samples of outdoor and indoor air at animal veterinary practice were collected using a 6-stage Andersen`s air sampler. The highest concentration of fungal aerosol was observed in the treatment room. The analysis showed various fungal contamination in different measuring points at different measuring times of the day. Based on the analysis of bioaerosol particle size distribution it was found that the largest "load" of fungi, isolated form the air, can reach (in the human respiratory tract) to the region of the throat, trachei and primary bronchi. The predominant fungi in indoor air was Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium cladosporoides. Fungi that can cause dermatophytoses have also been isolated from indoor air: Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum. The study confirmed that the animal veterinary practice can be a workplace related to exposure to microbial agents.

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Yusuf, Evi Silvia, et I. Djatnika. « Analisis Isozim dan Patogenisitas Isolat Cladosporium spp. Terhadap Karat Putih Pada Krisan (Isozyme Analysis and Pathogenicity of Cladosporium spp. Isolate Against White Rust on Chrysanthemum) ». Jurnal Hortikultura 28, n^o 1 (17 mai 2019) : 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v28n1.2018.p97-104.

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Cladosporium spp. merupakan mikoparasit potensial untuk mengendalikan beberapa jenis cendawan karat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. yang ditemukan di daerah sentra krisan (Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat) terhadap penyakit karat putih pada krisan dan hubungan kekerabatannya antara isolat Cladosporium spp. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2014 di Laboratorium Mikologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dan Laboratorium Patologi dan Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pada percobaan ini dilakukan uji patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. asal Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat terhadap pustul karat pada daun krisan di laboratorium. Untuk menelusuri hubungan genetik antarisolat dilakukan analisis isozim secara elektroforesis dengan menggunakan enzim esterase (EST), acid phospatase (ACP), dan peroksidase (PER). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan sembilan isolat Cladosporoium spp. efektif memparasit pustul karat dengan efektivitas lebih dari 50%. Hasil analisis isozim menunjukkan terdapat dua kelompok Cladosporium spp. yang memiliki koefisien kemiripan 67%.KeywordsCladosporium spp.; Isozim; Mikoparasit; PatogenisitasAbstractCladosporium spp. is a potential mycoparasite for controlling some rust fungi. The aim of the research was to obtain the effectiveness of 10 Cladosporium spp. isolates was found in chrysanthemum central area (Cianjur and West Bandung District) and genetic relationship among the isolats. The research carried on April to Agustus 2014 in Micology Laboratory Indonesian Ornamental Crop Institute and Pathology and Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Pathogenicity of the 10 fungus isolate was tested against rust pustules on chrysanthemum leaves and genetic relationship between isolates was analyzed by electrophoresis isozyme using EST, ACP, and PER enzyme. The results showed that nine of Cladosporoium spp. isolates were effective parasited rust pustule with more than 50% effectiveness. The cluster analysis based on isozyme analysis showed that Cladosporium spp. isolate have two distinc groups with 67% similarity coefficient.

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Yeasmin, Fatema, et Shamim Shamsi. « Phylloplane mycoflora of Gerbera spp. and their Pathogenic potentiality ». Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 37, n^o 2 (5 janvier 2014) : 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17562.

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Two types of symptoms, blight and anthracnose, were recorded on two species of Gerbera viz. Gerbera aurantiaca L. and Gerbera viridifolia L. The most common fungal species isolated from Gerbera spp. were Alternaria citrii, A. tennuisssima, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Chaetomella raphigera, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Colletotrichum capsici, C. coffeanum, C. dematium, C. gleosporioides, C. lindemuthianum, C. musae, C. orbiculare, Colletorichum sp.1, Colletotrichum sp.2, Colletotrichum sp.3, Colletotrichum sp.4, Curvularia clavata, C. lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. semitectum, Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, one cleistothecial ascomycetes and one sterile fungus. The frequency percentage of association of Colletotrichum spp. with Gerbera spp. was higher than any other fungi. Bipolaris hawaiiensis is a new record for Bangladesh. Among the isolated fungi Alternaria citrii, A. tennuissima, Colletotrichum capcisi, C. dematium, C. coffeanum and Curvularia clavata were found to be pathogenic to Gerbera plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17562 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, 211-217, 2013

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MOHANLALL, VIRESH, et BHARTI ODHAV. « Biocontrol of Aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,G2, and Fumonisin B1 with 6,7-Dimethoxycoumarin, a Phytoalexin from Citrus sinensis ». Journal of Food Protection 69, n^o 9 (1 septembre 2006) : 2224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2224.

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Phytoalexins (stress-induced compounds) from Citrus sinensis cultivar Valencia were screened for antifungal and anti-mycotoxic activity against a test organism (Cladosporium cladosporoides) and mycotoxin-producing fungi Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus parasiticus. The active compound, a member of the coumarin family of compounds, has antifungal and antimycotoxic activities and was chemically identified. High-performance liquid chromatography results indicated that Valencia oranges contain a trace amount (0.36 μg/g) of scoparone in untreated fruit, but concentrations increased in UV-irradiated fruit (15.2 μg/g). Infection with Penicillium digitatum, a natural spoilage mold of citrus fruit, caused a 35.51-μg/g increase in the phytoalexin. UV absorption, infrared absorption, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that this phytoalexin is identical to 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin. This is the first report indicating that the stress-induced compound, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, isolated from P. digitatum–infected Valencia fruit confers resistance against the mycotoxigenic fungi A. parasiticus and F. verticillioides and causes a reduction in production of fumonisin B1 and aflatoxins G1,G2,B1, and B2.

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Sivasithamparam, K., GC MacNish, CS Fang et CA Parker. « Microflora of soil and wheat rhizosphere in a field following fumigation ». Soil Research 25, n^o 4 (1987) : 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870491.

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Light sand and heavier sandy loam wheat-growing soils at Wongan Hills, W.A. were fumigated (2: 1 mixture of chloropicrin and methyl bromide) to study its effect on the soil microflora. In fumigated soil, numbers of bacteria and fungi, after an initial reduction, remained high and low, respectively, in comparison to untreated soil, throughout the period of study. In the fumigated soil Trichoderma species rapidly recolonized the soil, becoming the dominant fungus by 15 days and remaining so to the end of the experiment (145 days after fumigation). There was no difference in the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes or fungi in the rhizosphere of wheat grown in fumigated and non-fumigated soils. The numbers of some fungal species were lower in the rhizosphere of wheat grown in the fumigated soil, these included Aspergillus glaucus, A. fumigatus, Beauveria bassiana, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Embellisia tumida, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium patulum, P. tardum, Phialophora mutabilis and Trichoderma saturnisporurn. The only fungi found to be significantly higher in the rhizosphere of plants in fumigated soil were F. merismoides, T. koningii and T. viride.

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Rodrigues, Leonardo Milani Avelar, Jorge Luiz Peixoto Bispo, Andréa Gomes da Silva, Simone Andrade Gualberto, Luiz Filipe Nonato Silva, Iasnaia Maria de Carvalho Tavares et Cristiane Patrícia de Oliveira. « Chemical prospection and biological potential of tropical fruit waste extracts ». Research, Society and Development 9, n^o 8 (31 juillet 2020) : e833986476. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6476.

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Agro-industries waste from fruits can present a promising source for industrial sectors with the extraction of active principles that have several biological activities. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of tropical fruit extracts against antioxidant and amnmicrobial activities. The study evaluated different methods of antioxidant activities (by DPPH and FRAP method), characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), antibacterial and antifungal activities of four tropical fruit waste extract. In the extracts were identified several phenolic compounds, the values found were varied from 0.21 to 5.73 mg/L in gallic acid, observing the predominance of gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic and acid p-coumaric. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion method using the microorganism Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella cholerasuis. The antifungal activity was determined by the disc diffusion technique using Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium commune and Penicillium cladosporoides, the extracts showed potential antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antifungal in both tests. The lemon extract showed no inhibition for the fungi.

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Celia, Murciano. « Pathogen identification and control of sooty spot caused by Cladosporium ramotenellum, appearing on fresh easy peeler mandarins from Perú ». Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 5, n^o 2 (2021) : 044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001059.

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During the 2018 season, superficial dry and firm black spots, where sometimes an aerial mycelium developed, appeared on the rind of easy peeler mandarins causing high economic losses in fresh citrus exports from Perú. In this work, we have identified the causal agent, a species of Cladosporium not previously reported as a citrus pathogen. The pathogen was isolated from rind lesions of affected fruit and was identified by sequencing as Cladosporium ramotenellum; and fulfilment of Koch postulates was proven. This species was present on the surface of immature fruit in the groves, indicating that the infection is likely initiated before harvest. Cladosporium ramotenellum is resistant to the postharvest fungicides imazalil, pyrimethanil, and thiabendazole, but sensitive to propiconazole, prochloraz, and ortho-phenylphenol. We designed a postharvest industrial treatment to decrease the Cladosporium sp. load on the fruit surface that limited the incidence of infection and reduced the postharvest losses caused by the fungus. Although this species is quite ubiquitous, this is the first description of C. ramotenellum causing decay of citrus fruit, being the symptoms of this disease similar to the ones described previously and caused by Cladosporium cladosporoides in cv. Satsuma mandarins from Japan.

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Aćimović, Milica. « A Serbian endemic plant „Nepeta rtanjensis“ Diklić et Milojević – chemical composition and biological activity ». Etnobotanika 2, n^o 1 (décembre 2022) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/etnbot22.001a.

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Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić et Milojević as an endemic and critically endangered plant in Serbia is the object of great scientific interest. N. rtanjensis is a rare plant of a limited distribution its application in traditional medicine is practically unknown. However, bioactive potential of 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone, the main compound from volatile fraction, as well as rosmarinic and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid from non-volatile fraction is great. Scientists found that this plant possesses good antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus flavus, Penicillium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. N. rtanjensis can be used preserving foods and beverages as well as for prevention and treatment of diseases caused by common and emerging food borne pathogens. Furthermore, antioxidant, anticancer (cervix, breast and colon carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and myelogenous leukemia cells) and immunomodulating activity are also noted. However, toxicity in zebrafish model was not observed, so N. rtanjensis can be classified as safe for human health. Furthermore, phytotoxic potential against Ambrosia artemisiifolia as well as activity against plant pathogens (Alternaria sp., Cladosporium cladosporoides, Bipolaris spicifera and Trichoderma viridae) are also noted. There is potential fordeveloping novel biopesticide formulations.

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Tomić, Ana, Olja Šovljanski, Višnja Nikolić, Lato Pezo, Milica Aćimović, Mirjana Cvetković, Jovana Stanojev, Nebojša Kuzmanović et Siniša Markov. « Screening of Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils in Controlling Biocontamination of Historical Papers in Archives ». Antibiotics 12, n^o 1 (6 janvier 2023) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010103.

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The main challenge in controlling the microbiological contamination of historical paper is finding an adequate method that includes the use of cost-effective, harmless, and non-toxic biocides whose effectiveness is maintained over time and without adverse effects on cultural heritage and human health. Therefore, this study demonstrated the possibility of using a non-invasive method of historical paper conservation based on plant essential oils (EOs) application. Evaluation of antimicrobial effects of different EOs (lemongrass, oregano, rosemary, peppermint, and eucalyptus) was conducted against Cladosporium cladosporoides, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium chrysogenum, which are commonly found on archive papers. Using a mixture of oregano, lemongrass and peppermint in ratio 1:1:1, the lower minimal inhibition concentration (0.78%) and better efficiency during a vapour test at the highest tested distance (5.5 cm) compared with individual EOs was proven. At the final step, this EOs mixture was used in the in situ conservation of historical paper samples obtained from the Archives of Vojvodina. According to the SEM imaging, the applied EOs mixture demonstrates complete efficiency in the inhibition of fungi colonization of archive papers, since fungal growth was not observed on samples, unlike the control samples.

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Jabeen, Khajista, Zara Naeem, Sumera Iqbal et Muhammad Khalid Saeed. « PHYTOCHMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF SORGHUM HELEPENSE L. FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OCHRATOXIGENIC FUNGI ». JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2021) : 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v27i4.1008.

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Ochratoxigenic fungal species are a major cause of various infections in plants and posed a serious threat to their consumers,including humans and animals. In the current study the objective was to examine the in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of leaves methanolic extract of S. helepense L. (Pers.) against target pathogenic ochratoxin producing fungal species (Trichoderma viride Pers., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. and Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries).For this purpose, different concentrations viz. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of leaf methanolic extract were prepared and tested for antifungal potential in a completely randomized design (CRD). Results revealed that all the applied concentrations of S. helepense inhibited the growth of all the tested fungal strain. Maximum growth inhibition was observed in 2% of concentration of methanolic extract of S. helepense in case of C. cladosporoides i.e. 84%. On the other hand minimum reduction was observed in 4% of concentration of methanolic extract of S. helepense against T. viride as compared to control. The phytochemical analysis was also conducted to evaluate that which chemical entities were present that account for antifungal potency of methanolic extract of S. helepense. Results of phytochemical analysis revealed the occurrence of saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids and tannins while the plant is devoid of terpenoids, phlobatanins and glycosides respectively. Hence it can be concluded that the methanolic leaf extract of the tested plant proved to be beneficial for inhibiting the growth of test ochratoxigenic fungi.

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Sundaramoorthy, Varun, Frederico Duarte, Promila Mohan Raj, Joy S. Michael et Priscilla Rupali. « Phaeohyphomycosis : A 10-Year Review (2006–2016) ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017) : S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.038.

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Abstract Background Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare infection caused by dematiaceous (pigmented) fungi, frequently reported in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Data regarding this infection is sparse and comprises mainly of case reports. This study was carried out to review epidemiology, causative spectrum, clinical features, and treatment outcomes in patients with Phaeohyphomycosis. Methods We reviewed 20 cases of culture proven Phaeohyphomycosis over a 10-year period at Christian Medical College, Vellore, South India. Results In our cohort, 16 of the 20 patients were male (80%) with an average age of 42 (range 17–66 years). Most of them (35%) were from Tamil Nadu, India and some from Bhutan and Nepal. Eighty-five percent presented with cutaneous lesions, 5% with involvement of the paranasal sinuses, and 5% each had organ involvement in brain and liver. Possible predisposing factors included type II diabetes mellitus (35%), renal transplantation (30%), long-term use of steroids (15%), and human immunodeficiency virus (5%). For all the patients, the direct microscopy and the culture positivity was 100%. The common species isolated were Cladophialophora bantiana, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Phialophora oxyspora, and Exophiala spinifera. Most patients (60%) received monotherapy with itraconazole. Five patients were cured, four had recurrence, one patient died (due to leukemia), and 10 were lost to follow-up. Conclusion Phaeohyphomycosis, though an uncommon infection, causes life-threatening disease in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. To our knowledge, this is the largest single-centre retrospective study on Phaeohyphomycosis. Though our follow-up was sub-optimal and possible in only 50%, it was noteworthy that disease recurrence was common. Better understanding of pathogenesis and newer antifungals are needed for optimal cure of this disease. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Kalode, S. N., et L. P. Dalal. « ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF VEGETABLE MARKET AEROMYCOFLORA FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OF WARDHA CITY ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 1 septembre 2021, 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/3835006.

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Airborne fungi behaves as an indicators of the levels of atmospheric biopollutants. The study was carried out during the period of March 2017- February 2018. The fungi were isolated from the area of vegetable market of Wardha city. The exposed petriplate method were used for the isolation of fungi from morning and evening hours and humidity and temperatures were recorded regularly. Total 835 and 800 fungal colonies were recorded during one-year study period and they were belonging to 95 fungal species. The fungus Cladosporium cladosporoides, C. herbarum, A.niger ,A. flavus, A. nidulans, A.fumigatus was the prevalent isolated types from vegetable market area of Wardha city from morning and evening hours. Maximum percentage contribution of fungal colonies was observed at morning and evening hours during rainy (41.43%), (40.05%) and winter season (39.64%), (41.16%) followed by summer season (18.92%), (18.03) respectively

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SINGH, N. B., et K. L. TIWARI. « SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE AEROMYCOFLORA OF MENTHA ARVENSIS ». FLORA AND FAUNA 24, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.33451/florafauna.v24i2pp239-244.

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The survey of aeromycoflora over Mentha arvensis L. plants was carried out at Raipur. During investigation period, a total of 52 fungal species were recorded. Maximum 35 species recorded during winter season and minimum 19 species during summer season. The seasonal variations showed climatic factors influence the occurrence of aeromycoflora. Syncephalastrum racemosum, Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Curvularia lunata, and Fusarium oxysporum were recorded in all the three seasons of the year. Emericella nidulans and Aspergillus japonicus were recorded during summer and rainy season. Mucor hiemalis f. silvaticus, Rhizopus oryzae, Curvularia clavata, Fusarium equiseti and Penicillium frequentans during rainy and winter season. Mycelia sterilia (White-ii) was recorded during summer and winter season only. Maximum number of fungal species i.e. 35 was recorded during winter season because of the favourable temperature (29.1ºC) and relative humidity (62.1%). Minimum numbers of fungal species i.e. 19 were recorded during summer season due to unfavourable temperature (38.4ºC) and relative humidity (46.1%).

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