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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Civilians in war – Fiction »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 juillet 2024
Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Civilians in war – Fiction"

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Kucała, Bożena. « Carnage, medicine and "The Woman Question" : representations of the Crimean war in neo-Victorian fiction ». Brno studies in English, no 1 (2022) : 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-10.

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The aim of this article is to analyse and compare representations of the Crimean war in three neo-Victorian novels, Beryl Bainbridge's Master Georgie (1998), Julia Gregson's The Water Horse (2004) and Katharine McMahon's The Rose of Sebastopol (2007), with reference to the commonly established view of this historical event. The novels foreground the experience of civilians who found themselves on the periphery of the battlefields, caring for the casualties of the war. As the course of history and private lives intersect, the main characters undergo a personal transformation; for the female protagonists, the experience leads to liberation from conventional gender roles. It is argued that by focusing on civilians rather than soldiers the novels offer a new perspective on the war; nonetheless, they uphold its overwhelmingly negative image in British collective memory.
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Paulouskaya, Hanna. « «Я з вогненнай вёскі» как книга о травматическом опыте жертв Второй мировой войны ». Новая русистика, no 1 (2023) : 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/nr2023-1-2.

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The article is devoted to the non-fiction book Out of the Fire. The authors had an extraordinary task to record the memory of civilians about the Second World War in Belarus. The methods of work of the authors with the respondents (search for witnesses, ways to establish contact, important points of interviewing witnesses) are analyzed. At the beginning of the article, the difficulties that the authors encountered in the process of working with people who survived mass executions are described. The style of the work is considered, attention is paid to journalistic and documentary elements. The structure of the book and the ways of its organization are also studied. The article explores how the experience of war victims and the concept of a fiery village are reflected in the work. A significant part of the article is devoted to the psychological reactions of civilians who survived extreme events in terms of cruelty. Out of the Fire is a topical and remarkable book about the suffering of civilians in war with a strong anti-war message. The experience of the authors in collecting materials, methods of working with respondents can be useful to modern documentary authors.
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Siham Hattab Hamdan, Dr. « kamaugawar and the creation of a dystopian reality : A study in hassan Blasim's "Crossword" and Ambrose Bierce's "Chi ». لارك 3, no 42 (30 juin 2021) : 1206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol3.iss42.1947.

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The study shows how war can create a dystopian reality worse than the reality depicted in the dystopian stories. War creates a circular or enclosed world that has no exit where people cannot see the end of the tunnel. The study discusses two short stories, one is for the Iraqi writer Hassan Blasim entitled "Crosswords" and the other for the American writer Ambrose Bierce entitled "Chickamauga". These two short stories fit one of the categories of dystopian fiction where the society witnesses the effects of war and civilians and soldiers become the victims. Though the two stories do not adhere to the futuristic perspective of dystopian fiction, they could express the thought of their writers' that what is going on in the society though it is real but it is at the same time, dystopian. Key Words: Dystopia, War, Defamiliarization, Hassan Blasim, Ambrose Bierce.
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Mahini, Ramtin Noor-Tehrani (Noor), Erin Barth et Jed Morrow. « Tim O’Brien’s “Bad” Vietnam War : The Things They Carried & ; Its Historical Perspective ». Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no 10 (1 octobre 2018) : 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0810.05.

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Tim O’Brien was sent to Vietnam as a foot soldier in 1969, during the later part of the Vietnam War that can be called the “bad” or unwinnable war. Based on his experience, O'Brien's writing about the Vietnam War in his award-winning fiction novels is always "bad," meaning that the war was terrible for American grunts like himself, his fellow soldiers, and Vietnamese civilians, with practically no good or inspiring stories. Nevertheless, O’Brien touches upon almost all problems of American soldiers in the Vietnam War, but not many peer-reviewed authors or online literary analysis websites could identify or discuss them all. The purpose of this article is to discuss the war details in O’Brien’s The Things They Carried and its historical perspective, so that young middle and high school readers can understand the meaning behind Tim O'Brien's writing about the Vietnam War. The goal is to summarize the entire big picture of the Vietnam War and to help students determine whether American soldiers’ actions, as described by Tim O’Brien, were morally right or wrong and were legal or forbidden according to the US law of war. The war-related issues that O’Brien mentioned in this novel are: boredom and meaningless death, abusive violence toward Vietnamese noncombatants, drug use, in-fighting, thefts within barracks, grief, rage, self-mutilation, mutilation of enemy corpses, and senseless animal and civilian killings.
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Sagan, Scott D., et Benjamin A. Valentino. « Weighing Lives in War : How National Identity Influences American Public Opinion about Foreign Civilian and Compatriot Fatalities ». Journal of Global Security Studies 5, no 1 (4 décembre 2019) : 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogz047.

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Abstract This article explores how the American public weighs tradeoffs between foreign and compatriot fatalities during war. This focus provides an important window into the meaning and significance of citizenship and national identity and, in turn, the most fateful consequences of inclusion and exclusion in the international context. To examine these attitudes, we conducted an original survey experiment asking subjects to consider a fictional US military operation in Afghanistan. We find that: (1) Americans are significantly more willing to accept the collateral deaths of foreign civilians as compared to American civilians in operations aiming to destroy important military targets; (2) Americans are less willing to risk the lives of American soldiers to minimize collateral harm to foreign civilians as compared to American civilians; (3) Americans who express relatively more favorable views of the United States compared to other nations are more willing to accept foreign collateral deaths in US military operations; and (4) Americans are more willing to accept Afghan civilian collateral deaths than those of citizens from a neutral state, such as India. Many Americans recognize that placing a much higher value on compatriot lives over foreign lives is morally problematic, but choose to do so anyway.
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Novak, K. V. « THE IMAGE OF THE CIVIL WAR IN “TALES OF SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS” BY AMBROSE BIERCE ». Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no 2 (11 mai 2021) : 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-2-405-410.

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The article deals with the image of the Civil War in war stories by Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914?). The specifics of the war's representation in writer's literary works are analyzed, the features of man at war are revealed. The particularity of the artistic world of stories by A. Bierce is recognized. The research is carried out on the material of the collection of short stories “Tales of Soldiers and Civilians” (1891): “Killed at Resaca” (1887), “A Son of the Gods” (1888), “One of the Missing” (1888), “A Tough Tussle”, (1888), “A Horseman in the Sky” (1889), “Chickamauga” (1889), “The Affair at Coulter's Notch” (1889), “The Coup de Grâce”, (1889), “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” (1890), “Parker Adderson, Philosopher” (1891). The analysis is provided in the context of American Civil War literature of 1880s and 1890s and by taking into account writer's biography, a conclusion about the genre features of his literary works is also presented. The scientific novelty of the work is a complex analysis of early creativity of A. Bierce in the context of American military fiction.
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Mahini, Ramtin Noor-Tehrani (Noor), Erin Barth et Jed Morrow. « Tim O’Brien’s “Bad” Vietnam War : Going after Cacciato & ; Its Historical Perspective ». Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no 11 (1 novembre 2018) : 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0811.03.

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Being the only Vietnam War author on the English curriculum for American middle and high schools, Tim O’Brien skillfully mixes his real wartime experience with fiction in his various bestsellers and awarded novels. All O'Brien's Vietnam War stories are always "bad," meaning that the war contains mostly sad and horrific experience for American soldiers and Vietnamese civilians. A closer look at O’Brien’s war stories reveals that he indeed touches upon almost all issues the American GIs encountered during this war; nevertheless, not all online literary analysis websites and peer-reviewed authors can identify or call them all out. To assist middle and high school readers in understanding the meaning behind Tim O’Brien’s Vietnam War stories, the war details in Going After Cacciato and its historical perspective are discussed in this article. The war-related issues that O’Brien touched upon in this novel are: lack of purpose, the lower standards of the American troops (McNamara’s morons), desertion, lack of courage, friendly fire, fragging their own officers, and contemptuous attitude toward the Vietnamese, the very people they came to help and protect.
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Bilsing, Tracy. « “Mais vous savez, c'est un peu degoutant, ça” : Katherine Mansfield, Food, and the Indiscretions of the Great War ». Gastronomica 15, no 4 (2015) : 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2015.15.4.50.

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The short fiction of modernist author Katherine Mansfield, in particular her work written during World War I, provides a distinctive glimpse into the civilian culture of war. Mansfield uses food imagery in her writing to accentuate a shifting sensibility and profoundly emotional response to her own experience of the war. Embedded throughout her letters, notebooks, and short fiction written during and soon after the Great War, are references to food, especially to meat. Mansfield's food imagery and her artistic manipulation of the act of consuming food politicizes her work and compels a reconsideration of several pieces of short fiction which engage the event of war.
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Shahid, Hamas. « Tracing Death as a Political Instrument : A Study of Osama Alomar’s Selected Collections of Flash Fiction ». NUML journal of critical inquiry 21, no II (31 décembre 2023) : 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/numljci.v21iii.262.

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This research article analyzes two collections of flash fiction including Fullblood Arabian (2014) and The Teeth of the Comb and Other Stories (2017) written by Osama Alomar, a Syrian refugee author. Guided by the theoretical framework of necropolitics as proposed by Achille Mbembe, this article investigates the constant presence of death and its multifaceted role in the wake of the Syrian civil war as portrayed in Alomar’s selected collections of flash fiction. The article attempts to study how death becomes an instrument in the civil war, widely used, manipulated, and exploited by various actors during the conflict-ridden period, each employing it differently. Although the selected collections of flash fiction demonstrate that death takes on many forms and performs multiple functions in the backdrop of the Syrian civil war, this research article narrows its scope to the analysis of how death is used as a political pawn and a political statement. At the outset of this research, it is postulated that the ruling Syrian regime transforms death and its fear into an instrument to intimidate and subdue Syrian civilian characters, thereby downplaying death as merely a political pawn. On the contrary, death also emerges as a political statement of the Syrian civilian characters as they begin to embrace death as a form of political activism to bring about social and political change in Syria. Invoking Catherine Belsey’s textual analysis method, some flash fiction stories from the selected collections are analyzed to study how the ruling Syrian regime and civilian characters reconfigure death in the wake of the Syrian civil war.
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Łyjak, Konrad. « History, Culture and Memory in the Novel "Grunowen oder Das vergangene Leben" by Arno Surminsk ». Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 48, no 1 (12 avril 2024) : 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2024.48.1.31-41.

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Arno Surminski is a writer who was born in the former German province of East Prussia. His life and tough experiences at the end of World War II had an enormous influence on his literature. The novels of Surminski are not only full of references to his biography, but they are also the author’s commentary to lots on many other topics, e.g. the evacuation of East Prussia due to fear of the Red Army, the forced displacement of German civilians, the deportation to Siberia or mass rapes committed by the Soviet Army. The aim of the article is to analyse the novel Grunowen oder Das vergangene Leben by Arno Surminski not only as a literary fiction in the form of a travel novel, but most of all as Surminski’s contribution to the discussion about the history and culture of East Prussia.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Civilians in war – Fiction"

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Rau, Kristen. « From Frontline to Homefront : The Global Homeland in Contemporary U.S. War Fiction ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317452.

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Criticized for providing a simplified depiction of a post-9/11 United States, contemporary American “War on Terror” fiction has been largely neglected by critical discourse. In this dissertation, I argue that this fiction offers a vital engagement with how the War on Terror is waged, and how the fantasies and policies of the Global Homeland inform it. Most immediately, the texts I analyze undercut the sanitization of the war by including depictions of intense combat and the psychological fallout of derealized warfare. In these works, the public’s reluctance to acknowledge such concerns lays the foundation for a schism between American civilians and the military. I argue moreover that this fiction engages with the collapse of distinctions between foreign and domestic spheres through exploring both battlefields abroad and how a military logic is transposed onto American society. In the first chapter, I analyze the way in which narratives by Kevin Powers, David Abrams, Phil Klay, and Dan Fesperman complicate sanitized images of the war by foregrounding its visceral qualities and representing the traumatic impact of mediated warfare. The second chapter focuses on Ben Fountain’s Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk, specifically its representation of the military characters’ frustration with the public’s failure to acknowledge the traumatic impact of the War on Terror, and its critique of melodramatic patriotic gestures that glorify the war but do not require actual social, financial, or affective investment in the military. The third chapter zeroes in on portrayals of returned veterans in texts by George Saunders, Atticus Lish, and Joyce Carol Oates, who react with increasing antagonism to civilian disinterest in their plight, which gives rise to acts of violence against civilians and a shift in societal attitudes toward the military. I conclude by examining Lish’s depiction of how the policies of the Global Homeland result in the deployment of a military logic within the domestic U.S. Through its engagement with American warfare and the Global Homeland, contemporary American war fiction offers a nuanced exploration of the conduct and ramifications of the War on Terror.
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Heaton, John Ricou. « Civilians at war reexamining the status of civilians accompanying the armed forces / ». View thesis, 2004. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA425026.

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Thesis (LL. M.)--George Washington University, 2004.
Title from title screen (viewed Sept. 9, 2005). "May 23, 2004." "ADA425026"--URL. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in paper format.
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Carpenter, Robyn Charli. « "Innocent women and children" : gender, norms and the protection of civilians / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113003.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 244-291). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Slim, Hugo. « The humanitarian ethic in war : moral values, civil-military relations and humanitarian professionalism in the 1990s ». Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289127.

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Forsberg, Sanna. « Violence Against Civilians in Civil War : A Comparative Case Study of the Sierra Leone Civil War ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314790.

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Reilly, Emma. « Civilians into soldiers : the British male military body in the Second World War ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13721.

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Sjöstedt, Oskar. « Coerced Concessions : : Does Government Mass Killing of Civilians Affect Rebel Groups’ War Aims ? » Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354655.

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A government’s choice to kill civilians on a massive scale in civil wars has long been a puzzling phenomenon. Although the scholarly discussion on the motives behind such actions has been growing in the last decades, the understanding of the impact of mass killings is still limited. This thesis aspires to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of civilian victimization by asking “How does government mass killing of civilians affect military power-sharing in peace agreements?”. The hypothesis predicts that governments can use mass killing of civilians to indirectly pressure rebels to concede on their war aims and sign a peace agreement in order to stop the civilian victimization. The focus is on rebels’ war aims concerning military power-sharing, and to what degree the mass killing can lower the rebels’ demands on this aspect. Eight peace agreements have been selected, where four of them had government mass killing and the other four did not. This is to ensure variation on the independent variable. This thesis uses a structured focus comparison of the eight civil war peace agreements to test the hypothesis. The empirical results do not confirm the hypothesis, as no correlation is seen between the relationship of interest, rather, it contradicts it slightly.
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Elliott, Steven. « The Highlands War : Civilians, Soldiers, and Environment in Northern New Jersey, 1777-1781 ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/594976.

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History
Ph.D.
This dissertations studies the problem of military shelter and its impact on the Continental Army’s conduct during the War of American Independence. It examines ideas and practices about military housing during the eighteenth century; how Continental officers sought and obtained lodging for themselves and their men, refinements in military camp administration; how military decisions regarding shelter affected strategy, logistics, and social relationships within the army; as well as how quartering practices structured relations between civilians and the military. This dissertation maintains a geographic focus on Northwestern New Jersey, a region it defines as the Highlands, because this area witnessed a Continental Army presence of greater size and duration than anywhere else in the rebelling Thirteen Colonies. Using official military correspondence, orderly books, diaries, memoirs, civilian damage claims, and archaeological studies, this dissertation reveals that developments in military shelter formed a crucial yet overlooked component of Continental strategy. Patriot soldiers began the war with inadequate housing for operations in the field as well as winter quarters, and their health and morale suffered accordingly. In the second half of the war, Continental officers devised a new method of accommodating their men, the log-hut city. This complex of hastily-built timber huts provided cover for Patriot troops from the winter of 1777-1778 through the end of the war. This method, unknown in Europe, represented an innovation in the art of war. By providing accommodations secure from enemy attack for thousands of soldiers at little cost to the government and little inconvenience to civilians, the log-hut city made a decisive contribution to the success of the Continental Army’s war effort.
Temple University--Theses
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Abdullah, Angham. « Contemporary Iraqi women's fiction of war ». Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11414/.

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In this thesis I examine selected works by contemporary Iraqi women novelists written during three periods of wars: the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988), the First Gulf War (1990-1991) and the US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003. I argue that the unceasing chain of wars portrayed in the open-ended narratives I analyze unsettles mainstream conceptions of women as victims at the home front and men as brave fighters at the battle front. Instead women are constructed as survivors, working to preserve the memory of Iraq and its history, gesturing towards a possible rebirth of Baghdad. The stories the writers provide entail a testimonial account where a record of historical happenings is presented to the reader in fictional form. My thesis has five chapters: an introduction, three analysis chapters and a conclusion. In each analysis chapter, I examine two narratives from each of the three war periods. For this I draw on Caruth’s, Freud’s, Felman’s and Laub’s and LaCapra’s trauma theories, on Ann Whitehead’s ideas about the way trauma is narrated in fiction and on Ikram Maṣmudi’s treatment of the Derridean concept of the unexperienced experience of death. My research constructs a link between the three stages of war in Iraq and addresses the ramifications of these periods for the work of Iraqi women writers. This research enables an understanding of the historical referentiality of fiction, of the way gender roles are challenged and war is construed and resisted from a female perspective.
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Diniz, Maria Zenóbia. « Love and war in Hemingway's fiction ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106129.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1980.
Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T19:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321904.pdf: 2947793 bytes, checksum: bc860ea614dbeb642f73025a5d7a8a1a (MD5)
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Livres sur le sujet "Civilians in war – Fiction"

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G, Williams William. Days of darkness : The Gettysburg civilians. Shippensburg, Pa : Beidel Print. House, 1986.

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1964-, Blume Donald T., dir. Tales of soldiers and civilians. Kent, Ohio : Kent State University Press, 2004.

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Beresford, Elisabeth. Lizzy's war. Hemel Hempstead : Simon & Schuster Young Books, 1993.

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Vitale, Geoffrey. The other war. Dunvegan, Ont : Cormorant Books, 1996.

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G, Williams William. Days of darkness : The Gettysburg civilians : a historical novel. Shippensburg, Pa : White Mane Books, 2001.

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G, Williams William. Days of darkness : The Gettysburg civilians : an historical novel. Shippensburg, Pa : White Mane Pub., 1986.

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Nina, Bawden. Carrie's War. London : Penguin Group UK, 2009.

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Izaki, Tokie. Utsukushiki nōson, Kirakira-hime no negai. Nagano-ken Matsumoto-shi : Kyōdo Shuppansha, 2014.

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1944-, Ikeda Katsuko, dir. Gakudō sokai, otedama no uta. Nagano-ken Matsumoto-shi : Kyōdo Shuppansha, 2012.

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Scrase, Leslie. An evacuee. Penzance, Cornwall : United Writers Publications, 2000.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Civilians in war – Fiction"

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Hibberd, Dominic, et John Onions. « Civilians ». Dans Poetry of the Great War, 109–24. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18185-8_6.

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Belzer, Allison Scardino. « Civilians ». Dans Women and the Great War, 123–55. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230113619_7.

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McKeogh, Colm. « Innocence and Modern War ». Dans Innocent Civilians, 75–97. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907462_5.

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McKeogh, Colm. « Involvement and Total War ». Dans Innocent Civilians, 123–43. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907462_7.

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McKeogh, Colm. « Guilt and Punitive War 1 ». Dans Innocent Civilians, 19–36. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907462_2.

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McKeogh, Colm. « Guilt and Punitive War 2 ». Dans Innocent Civilians, 37–48. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907462_3.

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McKeogh, Colm. « Social Roles and Feudal War ». Dans Innocent Civilians, 49–74. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907462_4.

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McKeogh, Colm. « Non-combatancy and Formal War ». Dans Innocent Civilians, 99–122. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907462_6.

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Thoral, Marie-Cécile. « Civilians in the War ». Dans From Valmy to Waterloo, 175–208. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230294981_8.

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Barter, Shane Joshua. « Aceh’s Civilians in War ». Dans Civilian Strategy in Civil War, 59–91. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137402998_4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Civilians in war – Fiction"

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« Introduction : “War and Civilians” ». Dans Symposium of the Melammu Project. Vienna : Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/melammu10s293.

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Brinyuk, N. Yu. « The problem of oppression of civilians by Kolchak troops ». Dans Civil War in the East of Russia (November 1917 – December 1922). FUE «Publishing House SB RAS», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/978-5-7692-1664-0-438-445.

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Stepanenko, Evgenia A. « THE IMAGERY METAPHORS OF SPACE IN THE DUTCH WAR NON-FICTION WORKS ». Dans Second Scientific readings in memory of Professor V. P. Berkov. St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063588.

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The article explores the roles space metaphors play in the Dutch war non-fiction novels published during the period of 2010–2020. We hereby define metaphor as instrument the authors use to make up a personal view and to portray the events described, as well as to introduce and to define a war metaphor as well as to study the functions metaphors can have within a non-fiction texts. Another point of the article is a phenomenon of war metaphor seen as complex cognitive units which principal function is to underline the subjects related to the World War II. War metaphors are present in the texts explicitly (x is y) but also implicitly, as images. Among the principal war metaphors in the texts are ‘war is lack of freedom’, ‘war is a a disclosed space’, ‘war is an up-and-down movement’. These metaphors are nationally marked and are transparent for the Dutch as nation. As the notion of space is deeply rooted in the Dutch culture, we suggest that the war is also presented in the Dutch non-fiction as lack of space and distortion of common living space.
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Tashkinova, Oksana. « THE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE OF THE MARIUPOL CIVILIANS' FORCED MIGRATION AND ADAPTATION ABROAD IN 2022 ». Dans Innovative Solutions for Managing the Economy in an International Crisis Scenario. Oikos Institute – Research Center, Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61432/cpne0101089t.

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The article presents the interim results of the “Mariupol: past, present, future” research project, which is being conducted by the author since May 2022. The objective is to investigate the problems of social adjustment and integration of civilian residents of Mariupol who were forced to go abroad due to the war in Ukraine and the occupation of Mariupol. The article analyzes the socioeconomic aspects of the forced migration of military migrants abroad and their adaptation in the host communities. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of the traumatic experience of war and evacuation on the successful adaptation of Mariupol civilians in the country of their temporary stay. Qualitative methods of sociological research, analysis of statistical data and documents related to the problem of forced migration and adaptation of Mariupol citizens abroad are used to collect data. The collected empirical material made it possible to clarify and supplement the information about the previous period of the sociological analysis of the society of the city of Mariupol during the war, in particular, evacuation experience, going through the “filtering” procedure of Mariupol civilians, evacuation from the occupied city. Special attention is paid to such issues as the experience of evacuation during this period after a long stay in the occupied city (evacuation in AprilSeptember 2022), the experience of internal displacement on the territory of Ukraine and forced migration to different countries of the world; as well as the views of Mariupol residents on their immediate and/or distant future.
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Silva, Bárbara Thaís Pinheiro, Francielle Araujo Pains, Júlia Nicole Ramos Melo Carneiro, Laura Aizys Mafra Ribeiro, Lauriene Soares Guedes da Silva, Maria Clara de Souza Dias et Nicolle Francine Bigochinski Lima. « The participation of civilians in armed conflicts : A case study of the Russian-Ukrainian war ». Dans III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-218.

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In a common practice since the Middle Ages, women, children, the elderly, unarmed combatants and prisoners of war have been under the aegis of rules guaranteeing their rights to integrity. With the deployment of weapons with a high destructive potential in civil conflicts in the mid-19th century, a new discussion about the protection of groups indirectly involved in the fighting emerged, and a new type of institutionalized legislation was developed, agreed at international level through multilateral conventions. In 1864, as one of the milestones of the new humanitarian legal portfolio, the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies on Campaign presented the international sphere with a new code of general application, which proposed equal support for wounded combatants.
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Pilar, Martin. « THE VISION OF WAR IN POETRY AND FICTION OF JACHYM TOPOL ». Dans 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Arts and Humanities ISCAH 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscah.2019.1/s27.075.

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Pylkin, A. A., et V. A. Pylkin. « FORCED MIGRANTS OF THE WORLD WAR ONE IN EASTERN EUROPEAN FICTION ». Dans Modern Technologies in Science and Education MTSE-2020. Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21667/978-5-6044782-7-1-202-208.

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Abdalhusein Almtlak, Asmar. « The genocide crimes of ISIS gangs in Iraq 2014-2017 ». Dans Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/41.

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During the period confined between 2014-2017, the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took control of a number of important cities in Iraq, and the organization led a wide campaign of violence and systematic violations of human rights and international law, which amounts to war crimes and crimes against humanity. 0 The Iraqi people were subjected to the largest brutal crime in the history of humanity when these terrorist elements targeted women, children, civilians and minorities, as well as religion and belief, and committed many crimes of genocide against them.
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Aslandogan, Y. Alp, et Bekir Cinar. « A SUNNI MUSLIM SCHOLAR’S HUMANITARIAN AND RELIGIOUS REJECTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS ». Dans Muslim World in Transition : Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/yynr3033.

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This paper analyses the multi-faceted response of a Sunni-Hanafi scholar, Fethullah Gülen, to the phenomenon of violence against civilians under a religious rhetoric. Gülen’s response involves four components: (a) humanitarian, (b) religious, (c) political or realist, and (d) practical/educational. (a) Gülen categorically condemns acts of violence against innocent non-combatants including women and children as inhuman. (b) Gülen sets out the principles of Islamic jurisprudence that invalidate any declaration of war by individuals or groups: hence, such self-declared wars under the banner of Islam cannot be regarded as legitimate. He refutes ‘the end justifies the means’ argument, calling it a Marxist-Communist rhetoric, with no Islamic justification whatever. (c) While discussing misunderstanding, misrepresentation and abuse of religious texts, Gülen hints at the presence of individuals, interest groups, and other entities that benefit from friction and violent conflict. He suggests that the possibility should be considered that some individuals have been manipulated, perhaps even ‘hypnotised’ through special drugs, to carry out actions they would otherwise not carry out. (d) Gülen offers practical approaches to rooting out the problem of hate-mongering and violent conflict. The underlying dynamic of this approach is to provide, through education, mutual understanding, respect, opportunity and hope. Only educational institutions that foster inter- faith and intercultural dialogue, mutual understanding and respect, and offer hope of upward mobility, can provide lasting solutions. Concepts such as ‘love of creation due to the Creator’ can be located in every culture and spiritual tradition. Gülen’s own emphasis on Islamic spirituality provides an example that is particularly significant for Muslims: his argument against terrorism and for peaceful interfaith relations is based upon the authoritative view of the Sunni tradition, to which 90% of the world’s Muslims adhere.
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Gabrielli, Giulia. « INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF NON-STATE ACTORS OPERATING IN CYBERSPACE FOR WAR CRIMES UNDER THE ICC STATUTE ». Dans International Scientific Conference on International, EU and Comparative Law Issues “Law in the Age of Modern Technologies”. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/28268.

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Contemporary armed conflict has witnessed an increased employment of digital technologies in the conduct of hostilities. While there is broad consensus on the full applicability of the rules and principles of international humanitarian law (IHL) to the “fifth domain” of warfare, many issues remain debated. More specifically, digital technologies allow a wide range of actors other than States – such as individuals, “hacktivists”, criminal groups, non-State armed groups – to play a role in the hostilities and engage in cyber operations that have the potential of harming civilians or damaging civilian infrastructure and that may amount to serious violations of IHL. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to examine the legal grounds upon which hostile cyber operations carried out by non-State actors (NSAs) could constitute war crimes, thus entailing their individual criminal responsibility under international law. Hence, the analysis will focus on the applicability of the war crimes provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) to such operations, with a view to identifying the prerequisites necessary to trigger the ICC’s jurisdiction. To this end, the first part will focus on the increased involvement of NSAs in the conduct of hostilities by cyber means, taking the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine as a pertinent case study. Subsequently, the paper will explore the conditions necessary for the application of Article 8 of the ICC Statute, with special attention devoted to those aspects that are deemed particularly problematic in light of the participation of NSAs in armed conflict. Finally, the paper seeks to highlight the limits of possible future investigations of cyber conducts possibly amounting to war crimes. These encompass not only issues of admissibility, but also the statutory limits of the Rome Statute when it comes to war crimes provisions applicable to noninternational armed conflicts.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Civilians in war – Fiction"

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Cammons, David W. U.S. Army Intelligence in Support of 100-Hour War : Fact or Fiction/Myth or Reality ? Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mai 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300877.

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TÜBA REPORT ON THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI WAR. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-82-5.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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P., BASTIAENSEN. Triage in the trenches, for the love of animals : a tribute to veterinarians in the First World War. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), octobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2018.nf.2883.

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On the occasion of the centenary of the First World War, remembered across the world from 2014 until the end of 2018, many aspects and experiences of this global conflict have been re-examined or brought to light for the first time, as we honour the memory of those estimated 16 million soldiers and civilians who perished in what was then known as the ‘Great War’, or the ‘War to End All Wars’. So many of these died on the infamous fields of Flanders, where Allied and Central Forces dug themselves into trenches for the better part of four years. Over the past few years, new research has brought to light many insights into the plight of animals in this War, which – for the younger readers amongst you – was fought at the dawn of motorised warfare, using anything powered by two or four feet or paws, from the homing pigeons delivering secret messages across enemy lines, to the traction provided by oxen and mules to pull cannons and other heavy artillery, to the horses of the cavalry. Not least among these roles was the supply of animal protein to the troops, whether this came through the specific designation of animals for this purpose or as the result of a failed attempt at delivering any of the above services. Several leading publications today have documented the role (and suffering) of animals in ‘La Grande Guerre’. Less so the role of veterinarians in the ‘War to End All Wars’. Who were they? How many? How were they organised? What did they do, on either side of the enemy lines? The present article is a humble attempt to shed some light on these veterinary colleagues, based on available, mostly grey, literature…
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Onufriv, Solomiya, Olivier Abdelhamid et Simone van Dormolen. Комунікація без заподіяння шкоди : оглядове дослідження висвітлення в медіа травматичних подій. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11747.

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The literature review collected and systematized existing knowledge and experience of effective communication in media outlets about traumatic events with people, guided by the principle of “do no harm”. The essence of this efficiency is that journalists, communicating with respondents, in particular military and civilian, did not injure the heroes of their journalistic materials and the audience. It is also about avoiding stigmatization and re-traumatization during media coverage of traumatic events. The high prevalence and profound effects of PTSD among civilians and journalists in conflict zones alike underscore the need for a conscious approach to the subject and trauma-related events by media outlets. Research has shown, however, that increased and improved knowledge about mental health plays a crucial role in its de-stigmatization. Despite the negative consequences of the influence, the media have the potential to develop appropriate professional recommendations for overcoming the trauma of war based on the experience of covering war events in Ukraine. Key words: communication, traumatic event, re-traumatization, de-stigmatization, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), media coverage.
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DOĞRUL, Mürsel, et Hayati ÜNLÜ. TÜBA Filistin - İsrail Savaşı Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-81-8.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli- Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international community in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-actor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established international norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international relations and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to a realization of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional poweroriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and international politics, individual, academic and scientific freedom is still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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DOĞRUL, Mürsel, et Hayati ÜNLÜ, dir. TUBA takrir el-Harbi’l-Filistiniyye’l-İsrailiyye. Turkish Academy of Sciences, janvier 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-90-0.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.
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Kelly, Luke. Definitions, Characteristics and Monitoring of Conflict Economies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.024.

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The idea of conflict economies is a broad concept encompassing several research angles. Definitions differ according to these focuses. Some of the main uses of the concept are to understand: • economic analysis of the motives for and likelihood of war • financing of state and non-state belligerents • how the continuation of conflicts can be explained by rational motives including economic ones • how conflict affects economic activity, and how conflict parties and citizens adapt Some distinctive characteristics of war economies are (Ballentine & Nitzschke, 2005, p. 12): • They involve the destruction or circumvention of the formal economy and the growth of informal and black markets, • Pillage, predation, extortion, and deliberate violence against civilians is used by combatants to acquire control over lucrative assets, capture trade networks and diaspora remittances, and exploit labour; • War economies are highly decentralised and privatised, both in the means of coercion and in the means of production and exchange; • Combatants increasingly rely on the licit or illicit exploitation of / trade in lucrative natural resources • They thrive on cross-border trading networks, regional kin and ethnic groups, arms traffickers, and mercenaries, as well as legally operating commercial entities, each of which may have a vested interest in the continuation of conflict and instability. The first section of this rapid review outlines the evolution of the term and key definitions. Most of this discussion occurs in the academic literature around the early 2000s. The second looks at key characteristics of conflict economies identified in the literature, with examples where possible from both academic and grey literature. The third section briefly identifies methodologies used to measure and monitor conflict economies, as well as some current research and programmes on conflict economies, from academic literature as well as NGOs and other sources. The findings have been derived via a literature search and advice from experts in the field. Given time constraints, the report is not comprehensive. The review is gender- and disability blind.
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Idris, Iffat. Preventing Atrocities in Conflict and Non-conflict Settings. Institute of Development Studies, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.137.

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Atrocity prevention refers to activities to prevent atrocity crimes against civilians. These include genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing, and can take place in both conflict and non-conflict settings. This points to the need to prioritise and implement atrocity prevention specifically, and not just as part of conflict prevention efforts. Atrocity prevention interventions are broadly of two types: operational (short-term responses) and structural (addressing underlying causes/drivers). These encompass a wide range of approaches including: acting locally (with local actors taking the lead in prevention activities); tackling hate speech, and promoting an independent and strong media; documenting human rights violations, and prosecuting and punishing those responsible (establishing rule of law). The international community should prioritise atrocity prevention, but work in a united manner, take a comprehensive approach, and give the lead to local actors. Atrocity crimes generally develop in a process over time, and risk factors can be identified; these traits make atrocity prevention possible. This rapid review looks at the concept of atrocity prevention, how it is distinct from conflict prevention, the different approaches taken to atrocity prevention, and the lessons learned from these. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports produced by international development organisations such as the United Nations (UN) and USAID. The literature was largely gender-blind (with the exception of conflict-related sexual violence) and disability-blind.
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Blaxter, Tamsin, et Tara Garnett. Primed for power : a short cultural history of protein. TABLE, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/ba271ef5.

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Protein has a singularly prominent place in discussions about food. It symbolises fitness, strength and masculinity, motherhood and care. It is the preferred macronutrient of affluence and education, the mark of a conscientious diet in wealthy countries and of wealth and success elsewhere. Through its association with livestock it stands for pastoral beauty and tradition. It is the high-tech food of science fiction, and in discussions of changing agricultural systems it is the pivotal nutrient around which good and bad futures revolve. There is no denying that we need protein and that engaging with how we produce and consume it is a crucial part of our response to the environmental crises. But discussions of these issues are affected by their cultural context—shaped by the power of protein. Given this, we argue that it is vital to map that cultural power and understand its origins. This paper explores the history of nutritional science and international development in the Global North with a focus on describing how protein gained its cultural meanings. Starting in the first half of the 19th century and running until the mid-1970s, it covers two previous periods when protein rose to singular prominence in food discourse: in the nutritional science of the late-19th century, and in international development in the post-war era. Many parallels emerge, both between these two eras and in comparison with the present day. We hope that this will help to illuminate where and why the symbolism and story of protein outpace the science—and so feed more nuanced dialogue about the future of food.
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