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1

Feaver, Peter. Guarding the guardians : Civilian control of nuclear weapons in the United States. Ithaca, N.Y : Cornell University Press, 1992.

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2

Previdi, Robert. Civilian control versus military rule. New York : Hippocrene Books, 1988.

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3

Previdi, Robert. Civilian control versus military rule. New York : Hippocrene Books, 1988.

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4

Stuart, Reginald C. Civil-military relations during the War of 1812. Santa Barbara, Calif : Praeger Security International, 2009.

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5

Waddell, Brian. Toward the national security state : Civil-military relations during World War II. Westport, CT : Praeger Security International, 2008.

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6

Ekirch, Arthur Alphonse. The civilian and the military : A history of the American antimilitarist tradition. Oakland, Calif : Independent Institute, 2010.

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7

U.S. DEPT. OF THE ARMY. Army implementation of Title V, DOD Reorganization Act of 1986. Washington : Headquarters, Dept. of the Army, 1987.

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8

Tap, Bruce. Over Lincoln's shoulder : The Committee on the Conduct of the War. Lawrence : University Press of Kansas, 1998.

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9

Office, General Accounting. Military airlift : Information on Gander crash and improved controls over military charters : briefing report to congressional requesters. [Washington, D.C.] : The Office, 1990.

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10

Coombe, Jack D. Gunsmoke over the Atlantic : First naval actions of the Civil War. New York : Bantam Books, 2002.

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11

J, Bacevich A., et Cohen Eliot A, dir. War over Kosovo : Politics and strategy in a global age. New York : Columbia University Press, 2001.

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12

(Firm), Combined Books, dir. The Civil War book of lists : Over 300 lists, from the sublime... to the ridiculous. Conshohocken, PA : Combined Books, 1994.

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13

Office, United States Government Accountability. Military personnel : Improved quality controls needed over servicemembers' employment rights claims at DOL : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C : United States Government Accountability Office, 2007.

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14

Office, General Accounting. Military airlift : Management controls over charter airlift need to be strengthened : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C : The Office, 1987.

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15

Russia) Mezhdunarodnai︠a︡ konferent︠s︡ii︠a︡ "Problemy parlamentskogo kontroli︠a︡ nad voennoĭ sferoĭ v stranakh SNG" (1998 Moscow. Parlamenskiĭ kontrolʹ nad voennoĭ sferoĭ v novykh nezavisimykh gosudarstvakh : Analiticheskie doklady. Moskva : T︠S︡entr polit. i mezhdunarodnykh issledovaniĭ, 1998.

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16

The Supreme Court and Military Justice. SAGE Publications Inc, 2013.

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17

Cress, Lawrence Delbert. Citizens in Arms : The Army and Militia in American Society to the War of 1812. University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

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18

White, Jonathan W., et Stewart L. Winger. Ex Parte Milligan Reconsidered : Race and Civil Liberties from the Lincoln Administration to the War on Terror. University Press of Kansas, 2020.

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19

White, Jonathan W., et Stewart L. Winger. Ex Parte Milligan Reconsidered : Race and Civil Liberties from the Lincoln Administration to the War on Terror. University Press of Kansas, 2020.

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20

Citizens in Arms : The Army and Militia in American Society to the War Of 1812. University of North Carolina Press, 2017.

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21

Makk, Laszlo. The level and structure of power delegated to high-ranking military officials in a democracy : A case study of the United States. Monterey, Calif, 1997.

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22

Monroe, Dan, et Bruce Tap. Shapers of the Great Debate on the Civil War. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216014218.

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With the conclusion of the Mexican War in 1848, the United States seemed poised to fulfill the manifest destiny that was on the lips of journalists and politicians. Yet, even before the war was over, tensions over the issue of slavery erupted. Slavery symbolized the social, cultural, constitutional, and economic differences that were dividing the North and South. Through four years of bloody civil war and the loss of over 600,000 lives, the American republic decided the fate of slavery, asserted the supremacy of the federal government over state authority, and began to grapple with the difficult issues of reconstruction. This work provides substantial biographical entries of 20 individuals who shaped and defined the debates during the Civil War period. Political and military figures, such as Abraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee, writers such as Harriet Beecher Stowe, and abolitionist reformers, such as Frederick Douglass and George Fitzhugh, are included. With the conclusion of the Mexican War in 1848, the United States seemed poised to fulfill the manifest destiny that was on the lips of journalists and politicians. Yet, even before the war was over, tensions over the issue of slavery erupted. Slavery symbolized the social, cultural, constitutional, and economic differences that were dividing the North and South. Through four years of bloody civil war and the loss of over 600,000 lives, the American republic decided the fate of slavery, asserted the supremacy of the federal government over state authority, and began to grapple with the difficult issues of reconstruction. This work provides substantial biographical entries of 20 individuals who shaped and defined the debates during the Civil War period. Political and military figures, such as Abraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee, writers such as Harriet Beecher Stowe, and abolitionist reformers, such as Frederick Douglass and George Fitzhugh, are included. Each biography provides a concise account of the subject's life, followed by an analysis of the figure's role and contribution to the central issues of the day, and concludes with a bibliography of secondary and primary sources available to students. An appendix of over 180 additional biographies highlights the lives of others who played a role in the debates of the Civil War.
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23

Taylor, Brian. Fighting for Citizenship : Black Northerners and the Debate over Military Service in the Civil War. University of North Carolina Press, 2020.

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24

Tap, Bruce. Over Lincoln's Shoulder. University Press of Kansas, 1998.

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25

Taylor, Brian. Fighting for Citizenship : Black Northerners and the Debate over Military Service in the Civil War. University of North Carolina Press, 2020.

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26

Taylor, Brian. Fighting for Citizenship : Black Northerners and the Debate over Military Service in the Civil War. University of North Carolina Press, 2020.

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27

Frazier, Donald S. Tempest over Texas : The Fall and Winter Campaigns Of 1863-1864. State House Press, 2020.

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28

Becker, Stephen D. When the War Is Over : A Novel. Open Road Integrated Media, Inc., 2016.

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29

Cohen, Eliot, et A. J. Bacevich. War over Kosovo. Columbia University Press, 2005.

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30

Konstam, Angus. Civil War Soldier : Includes over 700 Key Weapons, Uniforms, and Insignia. Universe Publishing, 2015.

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31

Konstam, Angus. The Civil War Soldier : Includes over 700 Key Weapons, Uniforms, & Insignia. Rizzoli Universe Promotional Books, 2018.

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32

Strebe, Amy Goodpaster. Flying for Her Country. Praeger, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400651977.

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During the Second World War, women pilots were given the opportunity to fly military aircraft for the first time. In the United States, famed aviatrix Jacqueline Cochran formed the Women Airforce Service Pilots program, where over one thousand women flyers ferried aircraft from factories to airbases throughout the United States and Canada from 1942 to 1944. The WASP operated from 110 facilities and flew more than 60 million miles in 78 different types of aircraft, from the smallest trainers to the fastest fighters and the largest bombers. The WASP performed every duty inside the cockpit as their male counterparts, except combat, and 38 women pilots gave their lives in the service of their country. Notwithstanding their outward appearance as official members of the U.S. Army Air Forces, the WASP were considered civil servants during the war. Despite a highly publicized attempt to militarize in 1944, the women pilots would not be granted veteran status until 1977. In the Soviet Union, Marina Raskova, Russia's Amelia Earhart, famous for her historic Far East flight in 1938, formed the USSR's first all-female aviation regiments that flew combat missions along the Eastern Front. A little over one thousand women flew a combined total of more than 30 thousand combat sorties, producing at least 30 Heroes of the Soviet Union. Included in their ranks were at least two fighter aces. More than 50 women pilots were killed in action. Sharing both patriotism and a mutual love of aviation, these pioneering women flyers faced similar obstacles while challenging assumptions of male supremacy in wartime culture. Despite experiencing discrimination from male aircrews during the war, these intrepid airwomen ultimately earned their respect. The pilots' exploits and their courageous story, told so convincingly here, continue to inspire future generations of women in aviation.
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33

Cohen, Eliot A., et A. J. Bacevich. War over Kosovo : Politics and Strategy in a Global Age. Columbia University Press, 2002.

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34

Iskra, Darlene M. Women in the United States Armed Forces. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216037446.

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This handbook provides the reader with an historical and contemporary overview of the service by women in all branches of the U.S. military, tracing the causes and effects of evolving policies, issues, structural barriers, and cultural challenges on the record and in the future of the accomplishments by women warriors. Women in the United States Armed Forces: A Guide to the Issues covers over a century of accomplishments of military women, from the Civil War to the current wars in the Middle East. Readers will learn, for example, that during World War II, 565 women in the Women's Army Corps stationed in the Pacific theater received combat decorations, proving that women had the courage, strength, and stamina to perform in a combat environment. They will also learn that, perhaps surprisingly, it wasn't until the mid- to late 1970s that women had their first opportunities to serve at sea and as aviators (crew as well as pilots), albeit on noncombatant ships and aircraft. The book's final four chapters discuss the issues that continue to plague women in the military, including sexual harassment, noting that women's performance in America's two-front wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have made a positive difference in attitudes. The handbook closes with an epilogue that is at once a summary of the issues and a call for action.
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35

Stanton, Louise. The Civilian-Military Divide. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400627019.

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This book examines how U.S. domestic institutions stand up to global threats and whether intelligence sharing across military and civilian law enforcement barriers is legal. The U.S. Constitution is designed to distribute power in order to prevent its concentration, and in particular, it draws clear lines between the responsibilities of the military and those of civilian law enforcement. But the new global threat paradigm, requiring responses both abroad and at home, calls out for military and civilian intelligence gathering to work in tandem. The Civil-Military Divide: Obstacles to the Integration of Intelligence in the United States looks at historic and legal ramifications of such efforts. Louise Stanton's thought-provoking work sums up the current state of U.S. intelligence gathering at all levels of government. It then looks at the range of recommendations for overhauling our intelligence efforts in the context of the U.S. Constitution to assess what may or may not be constitutionally supportable. At issue are three long-established, often reaffirmed principles: the separation of powers, the federalist system that gives the U.S. government precedence over states, and the separation of the civilian and military sectors.
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Brown, Thomas J. Civil War Monuments and the Militarization of America. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653747.001.0001.

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This sweeping new assessment of Civil War monuments unveiled in the United States between the 1860s and 1930s argues that they were pivotal to a national embrace of military values. Americans' wariness of standing armies limited construction of war memorials in the early republic, Thomas J. Brown explains, and continued to influence commemoration after the Civil War. As large cities and small towns across the North and South installed an astonishing range of statues, memorial halls, and other sculptural and architectural tributes to Civil War heroes, communities debated the relationship of military service to civilian life through fund-raising campaigns, artistic designs, oratory, and ceremonial practices. Brown shows that distrust of standing armies gave way to broader enthusiasm for soldiers in the Gilded Age. Some important projects challenged the trend, but many Civil War monuments proposed new norms of discipline and vigor that lifted veterans to a favored political status and modeled racial and class hierarchies. A half century of Civil War commemoration reshaped remembrance of the American Revolution and guided American responses to World War I. This book provides the most comprehensive overview of the American war memorial as a cultural form and reframes the national debate over Civil War monuments that remain potent presences on the civic landscape.
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Gore, Dayo F. Gender, Civil Rights, and the US Global Cold War. Sous la direction de Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor et Lisa G. Materson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222628.013.14.

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“Cold War” traditionally refers to the foreign policy, military, and ideological contestation between the power blocks of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Western powers of Europe and the United States. This chapter examines the ways women’s experiences and debates over gender, race, and sexuality were central to the US Cold War anticommunist policies and practices on the homefront and globally. This perspective reveals the ways the global Cold War reshaped decolonizing struggles in the Global South as well as domestic culture, social relations, and ideals of the family through domestic containment. The chapter charts the roots of civil rights politics and social movements of the 1960s in sustained resistance to Cold War anticommunism and its politics of conformity. Centering women’s experiences negotiating Cold War strategies of domestic containment, the chapter reveals the US Cold War as a multifaceted period of contestation as much as conformity.
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Fry, Joseph A. Lincoln, Seward, and US Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177120.001.0001.

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As the Civil War began, President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of State William Henry Seward formed a most unlikely, but exceedingly successful foreign policy partnership. While functioning as the senior partner, Lincoln instituted a one-war policy as the cornerstone of US diplomacy, brilliantly articulated the international importance of preserving the nation’s republican experiment, linked freeing the slaves to the Union’s survival, and oversaw the North’s military efforts. By threatening war with any nation that intervened in the American conflict, Seward practiced a purposeful brinkmanship that was essential to precluding potentially decisive European aid to the Confederacy. The secretary of state combined these ongoing threats with timely compromises at crucial junctures, such as the Trent affair; joined Lincoln in the skillful use of public diplomacy aimed at both domestic and foreign audiences; and adeptly responded to Napoleon III’s intervention in Mexico. The US victory advanced the cause of republicanism and nationalism in the western world; it also enabled the United States to resume its imperial growth toward great power status. Seward played a formative role in that imperial growth. Following Lincoln’s assassination, he remained secretary of state during the Andrew Johnson administration. Over those four years, Seward purchased Alaska and outlined an elaborate agenda for US commercial and territorial expansion, an agenda that forecast with remarkable specificity US actions at the turn of the twentieth century.
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Noll, Mark A. America's Book. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197623466.001.0001.

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This book shows how the Bible decisively shaped American national history even as that history decisively influenced the use of Scripture. It explores the rise of a strongly Protestant Bible civilization in the early United States that was then fractured by debates over slavery, contested by growing numbers of non-Protestant Americans (Catholics, Jews, agnostics), and torn apart by the Civil War. Scripture survived as a significant, though fragmented, force in the more religiously plural period from Reconstruction to the early twentieth century. Throughout, the book pays special attention to how the same Bible shone as hope for Black Americans while supporting other Americans who justified white supremacy.
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Davison, Gary M. A Short History of Taiwan. Praeger, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216014522.

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This concise account of Taiwan's history makes a cogent, compelling argument for the right of the Taiwanese people to declare their nation independent, if they so choose. Davison's bold stand—unprecedented from a Western author—challenges the one China notion advanced in the Shanghai Communique of 1972 and states unequivocally that, should independence be proclaimed, it could only be taken away by force if the international community sides with contemporary might over historical right. He argues that the possible conflict could be sufficiently incendiary to induce a major military clash between the United States, the People's Republic of China, and other major powers. Davison lets the facts of Taiwanese history make the case for Taiwan's existence as a unique national entity. A historical overview details the circumstances under which the Qing dynasty made its 17th century claim on the island, the events that led to cession to Japan in 1895, the origins of the Guomindang occupation during the Chinese Civil War, and the dramatic election of March 2000 that brought the Democratic Progressive Party's Chen Shuibian to office, ending Guomindang domination. After centuries of outsider domination, and over a hundred years of disconnection from any government exercising power over all of mainland China, the Taiwanese people are in a position to make a decision for national independence based on solid historical evidence.
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Threat, Charissa J. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039201.003.0001.

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This book examines the battles over race and gender discrimination and social justice by linking the civil rights story of the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) to critical events in the United States between World War II and the Vietnam War. Using the microcosm of military nursing, it considers how agents of change became defenders of exclusionary practices when some of the same women who challenged their exclusion from the military or civilian nursing profession, or those who had gained considerable status within the profession, were unwilling to extend the opportunities to men who sought out military nursing careers. The book also explores the connection between the campaigns to integrate the ANC and the domestic and international anxieties during the Cold War by suggesting that anticommunism both hindered and supported the prospect for gender and race equality within the ANC and, by extension, civilian society.
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Moore, William F., et Jane Ann Moore. Assuring That the Nation Would Long Endure, 1863. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038464.003.0011.

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This chapter examines Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy's united stand to assure that the nation “can long endure” amidst the war. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation intensified the desperation felt by slaveholders in areas close to the invading armies. While resisting and escaping slaves invigorated the political process for emancipation, the Emancipation Proclamation emboldened more resistance to slave masters and enhanced cooperation in the Union's efforts in the Civil War. This chapter begins with a discussion of the debate among antislavery leaders over reconstruction policy, along with Lincoln and Lovejoy's disagreements about issues such as the role that the federal military should take in policing the states during the transition. It then considers Lovejoy's health problems and the support for the Lincoln administration's war effort, as well as two men 's persistence in pursuing their radical agenda. It also looks at Lincoln's appeal for divine help to guide and heal the nation, highlighted by his Thanksgiving Proclamation designating August 6 “a day for National Thanksgiving, Praise and Prayer.”
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Mays, Terry M. Africa's First Peacekeeping Operation. Praeger, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400607462.

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In 1981 the Organization of African Unity (OAU) mandated and fielded the first regional peacekeeping operation since the Arab League's mission in Kuwait 20 years earlier. Battalion-sized contingents from Nigeria, Senegal, and Zaire were joined by smaller observer contingents from other OAU members in an effort to provide a buffer zone between the two main factions in the Chadian civil war. Mays opens his analysis by providing an overview of the concept of peacekeeping. Several definitions are offered to help distinguish between the various types of peace operations. After examining the concept hegemon, he looks at the ways regional and subregional hegemons utilize peacekeeping operations as foreign policy tools as they protect their interests. Mays argues that Nigeria, as a West African hegemon, served as the moving force behind the mandating and fielding of the OAU peacekeeping mission in Chad. Rather than being purely humanitarian in nature, Nigeria's motivation included the removal of French and later Libyan soldiers from a weak state on its border. However, Nigeria could not perform the task alone. France and the United States were instrumental as well in the mandating and fielding process. French and American interests stemmed from concern over Libyan motives in Chad. Nigeria kept the effort to mandate the peacekeeping operation alive for two years; France proved to be the stimulus behind persuading the Chadian government to accept the deployment of OAU peacekeepers and prompting the Senegalese to contribute a battalion to the mission; the United States contributed by keeping France and Nigeria focused on a peacekeeping solution and helping persuade Zaire to join the mission. Mays offers the first comprehensive examination of the OAU peacekeeping mission and reviews the political and military organization of the force as well as its deployment, redeployment plans, logistics, and operations between the Chadian factions. Utilizing an extensive collection of resources, including interviews with participants, diplomats, and government documents, he provdies a detailed examination of every meeting/conference between 1979 and 1981 that discussed a peacekeeping option for Chad. Factors of success in traditional peacekeeping operations are applied to the OAU mission, and he concludes by reviewing the impact of the 1981-1982 OAU operation on current African peacekeeping trends. An invaluable analysis for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with peacekeeping, international relations, and African studies.
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Volo, James M. A History of War Resistance in America. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400665684.

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This two-part book examines the roots of warfare and the development of the peace movement in America from the Colonial period through the Vietnam War. From the Colonial period on, war has inevitably divided U.S. society into pro-war and antiwar factions, and few subjects have proven so polarizing or long-lasting as a nexus of public discourse. In the contest over war and peace, uninformed beliefs have been conflated with uncontested truths by both sides, fueling a lack of bipartisanship in foreign policy that has been prevalent since the nation’s earliest days. A History of War Resistance in America delineates clearly the tradition of war opposition in the United States. It examines the military, preparations for war, and war’s justifiable prosecution, as well as pacifism, legitimate resistance to war, and the appropriate and free exercise of civil liberties. This thought-provoking volume offers an analysis of the reasons for conflict among peoples, the prosecution of war among nations, and the development of war resistance movements. It also explores the role of the media in forming public opinion and that of the courts in protecting—or limiting—civil liberties.
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Taylor, Brian. Fighting for Citizenship. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659770.001.0001.

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In Fighting for Citizenship, Brian Taylor complicates existing interpretations of why black men fought in the Civil War. Civil War–era African Americans recognized the urgency of a core political concern: how best to use the opportunity presented by this conflict over slavery to win abolition and secure enduring black rights, goals that had eluded earlier generations of black veterans. Some, like Frederick Douglass, urged immediate enlistment to support the cause of emancipation, hoping that a Northern victory would bring about the end of slavery. But others counseled patience and negotiation, drawing on a historical memory of unfulfilled promises for black military service in previous American wars and encouraging black men to leverage their position to demand abolition and equal citizenship. In doing this, they also began redefining what it meant to be a black man who fights for the United States. These debates over African Americans’ enlistment expose a formative moment in the development of American citizenship: black Northerners’ key demand was that military service earn full American citizenship, a term that had no precise definition prior to the Fourteenth Amendment. In articulating this demand, Taylor argues, black Northerners participated in the remaking of American citizenship itself—unquestionably one of the war’s most important results.
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Sullivan, Denis J., et Kimberly Jones. Global Security Watch—Egypt. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400657689.

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Despite the appearance of political and military stability, Egypt may be standing at the edge of a precipice as the state remains grounded in rigid authoritarianism while the population, including a struggling civil society, readies itself to make the leap to democratization. This characterization has far-reaching implications for relations between citizens and the government, as well as Egypt’s foreign affairs posture, particularly in the Middle East. State repression of civil, political, and religious actors; the ineffectual provision of social services; and two religious divides, between Coptic Christianity and Islam on the one hand, and secular and conservative Islamic traditions on the other, make for an incendiary domestic environment. The resulting over-reliance on security services to quash dissent could result in a population more amenable to less democratic methods of regime change and/or the development of stronger linkages between regional Islamist groups, whether they be political, militant, or some combination thereof. Global Security Watch—Egypt explores the historical background that created the current realities in Egypt and examines the players and events influencing the nation today. It concludes with a series of recommendations for the Egyptian political establishment, and for the American government, in the belief that meaningful political and policy changes in Egypt can lead to an improvement in human rights, democracy, justice, stability, and security for Egypt, and an improved partnership between Egypt and the United States.
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Vandiver, Frank E. How America Goes to War. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400666537.

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With American involvement in Iraq in the forefront of national news coverage and in the minds of many citizens, questions concerning America's involvement in past conflicts have once again arisen. This is the story of how the United States has gone to war and how the evolution of the nation's war-making apparatus has mirrored the nation's rise to global power. It focuses on the president's role as commander-in-chief vis-a-vis Congress from George Washington to George W. Bush. Conflicts range from the War of 1812 to the Mexican and Civil Wars, the two World Wars, conflicts in Southeast Asia, and recent wars in the Middle East. Topics include Congress's role in various wars, the evolution of the War Department to the Department of Defense, as well as developments in weapons, tactics, and strategy. Wars have played an integral role in America's transformation from a continental power into a world force. Over time, America's war making has favored and continues to favor the expansion of the President's role at the expense of the Congress. America's future will be determined in large part by the way in which the nation chooses and engages in military pursuits. Questions about how and when we go to war have never been so vital or relevant. This thought-provoking one volume overview serves as a quick introduction to these important issues.
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Eaklor, Vicki L. Queer America. www.greenwood.com, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216003670.

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Perhaps no topic today is politically more divisive than homosexuality, particularly when it is coupled with the deeply rooted concept of civil rights. This work focuses on 20th/21st- century U. S. history as it pertains to GLBT history. Major issues and events such as the Stonewall riot, Don't Ask, Don't Tell in the military, same-sex marriage, gay rights, gay pride, organizations and alliances, AIDS, and legal battles and court cases are discussed. Also included are sidebars highlighting major debates, legal landmarks and key individuals. A timeline and further reading sections concluding each chapter as well as a full bibliography and black and white images enhance the text. In these opening years of the 21st century in the United States, perhaps no topic is more divisive than homosexuality, particularly when it is coupled with the deeply rooted concept of civil rights. The same-sex marriage debate, for example, is but part of a larger discussion over issues crucial to American life, such as the role of law in the lives of individuals, relationships among law, economics, and morality, and the values thought to distinguish and define us. GLBT history is not just the struggle for rights, it is people simply living their lives the best they knew how regardless of the terms they or others use for them. This work focuses on U. S. history and, within that, the 20th century, particularly because the vast majority of work in GLBT history has been during this place and time. Major issues and events such as the Stonewall riot, Don't Ask, Don't Tell in the military, same-sex marriage, gay rights, gay pride, organizations and alliances, AIDS, and legal battles and court cases are discussed. Included in this reference work are sidebars highlighting major debates, legal landmarks and key individuals. A timeline and further reading sections concluding each chapter as well as a full bibliography and black and white images enhance the text.
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