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1
FELD, Leonard. « From soft law to hard law : the concept and regulation of human rights due diligence in the EU legal context ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74341.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 14 March 2022Examining Board: Professor Stefan Grundmann (Humboldt University Berlin); Professor Mathias Siems (European University Institute); Professor Karin Buhmann (Copenhagen Business School); Professor Robert McCorquodale (University of Nottingham)
This dissertation examines the concept of human rights due diligence (HRDD) under international soft law and its transposition into business regulation, with a particular focus on the European Union context. It traces the evolution of HRDD – starting from the work of the United Nations to the recent contributions of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The inquiry finds that HRDD is a concept of remarkable depth, whose features make it suitable to address human rights abuse in the globalised economy. Yet, there are also a number of practical and conceptual concerns. For instance, it is argued that the concept of HRDD features a high level of abstraction, which leads to ambiguities at the stage of implementation. In view of these findings, the transposition of HRDD into business law provides an opportunity, not only to build on the strengths of the concept, but also to counter some of its weaknesses. In addition, the thesis addresses two questions of international law concerning, first, the legality of HRDD legislation in view of its extraterritorial implications and, second, the relationship between relevant legal acts and the duties of states under international human rights law. It is held that regulators enjoy considerable leeway under international law to facilitate or require HRDD even beyond their own borders. Yet, states are presently under no international obligation to regulate HRDD processes – even though new developments are in sight. Finally, drawing on the findings of this research, the dissertation reviews Directive 2014/95/EU and Regulation (EU) 2017/821 as two precedents of HRDD legislation in the European Union. The two legal acts pursue very different strategies to promote HRDD processes with, it is argued, a varying degree of success. Through these assessments, the thesis provides a set of recommendations that may inform the transposition of the concept into business law.
2
PFARR, Mag Dietmar. « Civilian control of armed forces : challenges for the European Union / ». Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FPFARR.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Hans-Eberhard Peters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-56). Also available online.
3
ELBASANI, Arolda. « The impact of EU conditionality upon democratisation : comparing electoral competition and civil service reforms in post-communist Albania ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10435.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 30 November 2007Examining Board: Prof. Philippe Schmitter (EUI); Prof. Làszlò Bruszt (EUI); Dr. Antoaneta Dimitrova (Leiden University); Prof. Shinasi Rama (New York University)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This dissertation explores how and to what extent EU conditionality can foster democratisation in a highly problematic case such as post-communist Albania. In order to examining the phenomena of democratisation in operational detail, the thesis delves into the sub-systemic level of democratisation focusing on two partial regimes - electoral regime and civil service system. The analysis follows on the rational choice premise that the domestic actors’ strategies of compliance depend on the structure of external incentives i.e. rewards and threats, that appeal to their interest. Our account on the impact of EU conditionality upon democratisation assumes that the likelihood of compliance depends on 1) the size of the rewards attached to conditionality; 2) the size of adoption costs; 3) the clarity of prescriptions and 4) credibility of reinforcement. The first part consists of developing a conceptual framework for assessing and explaining the impact of EU enlargement conditionality over democratisation processes. The second part explores the case of Albanian democratisation and the specific challenge it poses to the working of EU conditionality. The third part analyses the association between EU conditionality and reform seeking to identify whether the fortification of the EU conditionality coincides with a pattern-breaking change in each of the partial regimes of our choice. The thesis concludes that the EU was more successful to foster reforms in the area of electoral competition than public administration and civil service system. The EU seemed to push forward reforms by articulating clear prescriptions regarding the electoral competition; and advancing contractual relations with the country in function of electoral performance.
4
Fee, Emma. « 'A Europe without dividing lines' : the normative framework of the European neighbourhood policy - emergent jus gentium or consolidation of jus civile ? » Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83952.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The primary focus of this work is Article 57 of the Draft European Constitution, concerning the constitutionalisation of a new aspect in EU external relations law, 'the European Neighbourhood Policy'. No comprehensive study of this constitutional article has yet been undertaken in EU legal research. Through the medium of the title of my thesis I wish to examine whether it amounts to an emergent jus gentium for the EU or its antithesis, the consolidation of jus civile. In parallel with the nature of the subject, this study is necessarily a legal-political one. Key points identified are the strategic use of human rights, extraterritoriality of law, foreign direct investment and legal imperialism. A number of recent developments, both judicial and legislative, have provoked this study.
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COURELL, Ann Marie. « The friendly settlement procedure under the European convention on human rights ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7026.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 30 March 2007Examining Board: Prof. Philip Alston (European University Institute) ; Prof. Francesco Francioni (European University Institute) ; Prof. Olivier de Schutter (University of Louvain) ; Prof. Kevin Boyle (University of Essex Colchester)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
6
Sule, Attila. « The European Union in peace operations : limits of policy-making and military implementation ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe 1992 European Union (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP, Maastricht Treaty) marked a turning point in the trans-Atlantic relationship. The Balkan conflicts and broader political changes in the 1990s compelled the EU to assume more responsibility in peace operations. The EU's 60,000 strong Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) is planned to be operational in 2003. Will the EU be able to conduct Petersberg-type peace operations? This thesis analyzes policy and military shortfalls of the Balkan peacekeeping effort. Questions about the legitimacy of armed humanitarian interventions, about difficulties in common policy formulation and translation to sound military objectives are the core problems of civil-military relations in European peace operations. The case studies focus on the EU failure to resolve the Bosnian crises between 1992-95, and on the gaps between NATO policies and military objectives in the operations of 'Implementation Force' in Bosnia and 'Allied Force' in Kosovo. The thesis considers developments in EU CFSP institutions and EU-NATO relationship as well as the EU's response to terrorist attacks on September 11 2001. The thesis argues that the difficulty in EU CFSP formulation limits the effective use of RRF in military operations.
Major, Hungarian Army
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Van, Hedel Johanna Henrïette. « Towards a European ius commune - what lessons can we learn from Quebec's mixed legal system ? » Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82673.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We are witness today, within a context of an increasingly integrated European Union, to the making of a new common legal order which is that of the European Community. This new ius commune Europaeum will have to be based on legal foundations that can be adhered to by all member states. In this perspective, it is indispensable to investigate whether domestic legal systems of the member states are able to adopt legal concepts of other member states without undermining their cohesive natures. Only then will it be possible to build the emerging ius commune on a conceptual legal framework, which is not to be perceived as a Fremdkorper in the participating states. The present thesis analyzes how Quebec's civilian jurisdiction adopted the common law concepts of the trust and unconscionability, in order to answer the question whether, and if so how, European civil law jurisdictions may adopt common legal concepts and yet remain cohesive.
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Gurkan, Seda. « The impact of the European Union on turkish foreign policy during the pre-accession process to the European Union, 1997-2005 : à la carte Europeanisation ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209295.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The dissertation is about the impact of the European Union (EU) on the foreign policy of a candidate in the pre-accession period. More specifically, the research analyses the factors and processes that intervene between the EU power to generate change in Turkish foreign policy and Turkish national compliance with the EU conditions between 1997 and 2005 by way of analysing three cases: Turkish foreign policy towards Cyprus issue, Greek-Turkish bilateral problems in the Aegean Sea; and Turkey’s stance vis-à-vis the launch of the ESDP. Main question the research addresses is “why does a candidate choose to comply (or fail to comply) with the EU conditions in foreign policy?” In other words: “How (through what mechanisms) does the EU generate compliance with the EU conditions in foreign policy?” The dissertation approaches these questions through the perspective of the Europeanization literature and its conditionality school drawing on the Rational Choice Institutionalism. In accordance with this rationalist account, main argument the doctoral research intends to prove is that “the EU’s adaptational pressure on Turkey (operationalized as a function of clear/attainable membership perspective and credible conditionality policy) is a necessary yet not a sufficient condition for domestic compliance in foreign policy if the cost of compliance is high for the target government. In this respect, domestic actors’ strategic calculation is the ultimate determinant of the compliance degrees at the domestic level. In order to prove this core hypothesis, the research used theory testing process-tracing, longitudinal comparison of cases, counter-factual reasoning and the use of a control case. The evidence for testing the argument comes from the measurement of conditionality (measured as the linkage between a given foreign policy condition and membership-related reward) and domestic compliance (measured as foreign policy output ranging from rhetorical to behavioural change) through the content analysis of primary documents. This analysis is complemented with 33 semi-structured elite interviews. The dissertation by proving that the EU’s transformative power in foreign policy works through the cost and benefit calculation of the ruling party and by elaborating on the conditions under which the EU can interfere with this rational calculus (hence modify the opportunity structure for the target government), advances our understanding of the EU’s transformative power and contributes to the Accession Europeanization literature in general. Furthermore, the study provides additional empirical as well as theoretical in-depth case knowledge to the available literature on the Europeanization of Turkey and Turkish foreign policy.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
9
Laurès, Bertrand. « Les actions en dommages et intérêts pour les infractions au droit de la concurrence ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100161.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le droit de la concurrence est régi, principalement, par le droit de l’Union européenne. Le "public enforcement" garantit le respect de ce dernier. Le droit de l’Union européenne ne prévoyait pas jusqu’alors de régime juridique permettant aux victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles d’obtenir réparation de leur préjudice, malgré une reconnaissance jurisprudentielle. Le droit national, quant à lui, n’avait pas de régime spécifique et les victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles se voyaient appliquer le régime commun de la responsabilité délictuelle sur le fondement de l’article 1382 ancien du Code civil. Vu la complexité du contentieux, cette situation entraînait de grandes difficultés pour les victimes d’obtenir réparation des dommages subis. La directive n°2014/104/UE a créé un régime juridique nouveau et a harmonisé le "private enforcement". Elle a été transposée en droit français par l’ordonnance n°2017-303. Cette réforme très attendue est en demi-teinte. Certes, il existe des avancées non négligeables. La directive facilite la preuve de la faute et organise la communication et la production de pièces pendant l’instance. Elle consacre une présomption de dommage et encadre l’évaluation du préjudice. En revanche, la réforme est plutôt timorée sur d’autres éléments, tels que la faute, l’imputation de la faute, ou encore le financement des actions. Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser ces nouvelles dispositions afin de vérifier si la directive facilite effectivement les actions en dommages et intérêts pour les infractions au droit de la concurrenceCompetition law is mainly governed by European Union law. Public enforcement ensures fulfilment of EU law. Until recently, and despite recognition in case-law, EU law did not provide for a legal regime enabling victims of anti-competitive practices to obtain compensation of their damage. National law did not have a specific legal regime and victims of anti-competitive practices could apply the common civil liability regime on the basis of ex-Article 1382 of the Civil Code. Given the complexity of litigation, this situation lead to great difficulties for victims to obtain compensation for their damages. EU directive n°2014/104 creates a new legal regime and harmonizes the private enforcement. It has been transposed into French law under ordonnance n°2017-303. This much-awaited reform is subdued. Certainly, there are significant progresses. The directive facilitates the proof of fault, and organizes the communication and production of documents during the proceedings. It establishes a presumption of loss and provides a framework to assess the harm. On the other hand, the reform is rather timid on other elements, such as the fault, its attribution, or the financing of the actions. The purpose of this study is to analyze these new rules to ascertain whether it effectively facilitates actions for damages for infringements of competition law
10
BIANCHESSI, ANDREA. « COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO : IL RUOLO DELLA SOCIETA' CIVILE NELLE POLITICHE DELLA BANCA MONDIALE E DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS).
Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo.
Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi.The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.
11
BIANCHESSI, ANDREA. « COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO : IL RUOLO DELLA SOCIETA' CIVILE NELLE POLITICHE DELLA BANCA MONDIALE E DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La presente tesi di dottorato valuta i rapporti tra le organizzazioni della società civile e le istituzioni internazionali nel sistema della cooperazione per lo sviluppo, attraverso l'analisi delle politiche della Banca Mondiale e dell'Unione Europea, che risultano gli attori multilaterali più rilevanti nell'allocazione e gestione dei finanziamenti dell'Aiuto Pubblico allo Sviluppo (APS).
Nel quadro di relazioni cooperative-dialettiche, si verificano le funzioni degli interlocutori della società civile nel rapporto con le due organizzazioni internazionali e i livelli di partnership. Si analizzano alcuni nodi problematici come la valutazione della performance dei progetti delle organizzazioni della società civile (OSC), per verificarne il valore aggiunto; la dicotomia tra un approccio top-down e bottom-up nella pianificazione di processi di sviluppo locale; la rappresentatività e l'efficacia del contributo delle OSC alla global governance per lo sviluppo.
Si presentano anche due casi empirici di progetti realizzati da una stessa OSC, finanziati dalle due istituzioni considerate, al fine di favorire, attraverso l'analisi “micro”, la comprensione di eventuali diversità rispetto al quadro teorico, alle procedure sul “ciclo di progetto” e ai rilevamenti quantitativi presentati. Complessivamente, emerge che la cooperazione tra OSC e le istituzioni internazionali ha maggiori benefici che costi e conduce ad una partnership win-win per entrambi.The present PhD thesis considers the relationships between the organisations of civil society and the international institutions in development cooperation's system through the analysis of the World Bank's and the European Union's policies. In the frame of cooperative and dialectic relationships will be verified the functions of the interlocutors of the civil society in relationship with the two international organisations and levels of partnership. Some problematic knots will be analysed such as the evaluation of projects' performance of the organisations of the social society (OSC) in order to verify the added value; the dichotomy between a top-down and bottom-up approach in the process planning of the local development; the representation and effectiveness of the OSC's contribution to the global governance for development. Two empirical cases of projects realised by an OCE will be showed. These are financed by the two above considered institutions in order to favour, through a “micro” analysis, the comprehension of possible differences regard to the theoretical picture, to the procedures of the project cycle and to the quantitative showed survey. Altogether it appears that the cooperation between the OSC and the international institutions has more benefits than costs and leads to a win-win partnership.
12
Haydar, Samer. « Le partenariat Euromed : contribution à l'étude du soft-power de l'Union Européenne ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0433/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse étudie la contribution assez complexe du partenariat euro-méditerranéen au soft powerde l’UE. Nous avons procédé à l’examen de l’articulation entre les objectifs, les instruments, lesprogrammes, les accords et l’efficacité de l’action de l’Euromed. Il ne s’agit pas d’évaluer lepartenariat en tant que tel mais plutôt son utilisation par l’Union européenne comme instrument desoft power pour instaurer une démocratie libérale dans les pays sud-méditerranéens. Les quatreaspects fondamentaux de la démocratie libérale ont été donc examinés. Dans le domaineéconomique, il y eu des améliorations économiques dans les pays sud-méditerranéens del’Euromed, surtout par la mise en oeuvre de réformes économiques et institutionnelles, mais la zonede libre-échange prévue pour 2010 n’a pas été établie. L’intégration régionale et internationale, deces pays partenaires a connu des avancées qui demeurent encore modestes. La promotion de labonne gouvernance occupe une place centrale au sein des objectifs politiques du Partenariat.Ciblant principalement le renforcement des capacités des institutions et l’indépendance du systèmejudiciaire, les efforts menés dans le cadre de l’Euromed ont apporté une amélioration globale, maisinsuffisante, de la bonne gouvernance dans les pays sud-méditerranéens. Les actions menées dansle cadre du partenariat sur le terrain des droits de l’Homme ont mis surtout l’accent sur les questionsde sécurité, de la lutte antiterroriste et du contrôle des migrations, tandis que les questions relativesaux droits de l’Homme et à la démocratisation étaient plus ou moins passées sous silence. Mêmel’action civile est insuffisamment renforcéeThis thesis studies the rather complex contribution of the Euro-Mediterraneanpartnership to the EU’s soft power. We have examined the link between the objectives,instruments, programs, agreements and effectiveness of the euro-Mediterraneanpartnership’s action. It is not a matter of evaluating the partnership as such but rather itsuse by the European Union as a soft power instrument to establish liberal democracy inthe South Mediterranean countries. The four fundamental aspects of liberal democracywere therefore examined. In the economic field, there have been economicimprovements in the southern Mediterranean countries, mainly through theimplementation of economic and institutional reforms, but the free trade areaanticipated for 2010 was not established. The regional and international integration ofthese partner countries has made some progress that remains however modest. Thepromotion of good governance is central to the political objectives of the Partnership.Focusing mainly on institutional capacity building and the independence of the judicialsystem, Euromed efforts have brought about a global but insufficient improvement ingood governance in the southern Mediterranean countries. Actions in the framework ofthe Human Rights Partnership have focused on security issues, counter-terrorism andmigration control, while human rights issues and democratization were more or lessignored. Even civil action is not sufficiently strengthened
13
García-Perrote, Forn Ma Elena. « Proceso penal y juicios paralelos ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386469.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El principio de publicidad de las actuaciones judiciales se encuentra consagrado como un derecho fundamental en el artículo 24.2 de nuestra Constitución. Este derecho no es de carácter absoluto y se encuentra sometido a ciertas limitaciones previstas legalmente. La publicidad del proceso penal implica que tengan conocimiento de las actuaciones, no solo los propios interesados, sino también extraños al proceso. Esta actividad de difusión de la noticia, garantía de funcionamiento del Poder Judicial en una sociedad democrática, se efectúa principalmente por los medios de comunicación. El problema se produce cuando se informa sobre un hecho noticiable que se encuentra sub iudice y los Mass Media, a través de un “juicio paralelo”, pretenden, de forma continua y sesgada, examinar y valorar el proceso judicial, las pruebas y las personas implicadas en los hechos y asumen así el papel de juez e inducen a éste a un veredicto anticipado de culpabilidad o inocencia ante la opinión pública. Esta actividad colisiona con posiciones subjetivas de los individuos, que también tienen la consideración de derechos fundamentales como son los derechos a: (i) un proceso justo; (ii) un juez imparcial; (iii) la presunción de inocencia y (iv) recibir y comunicar información.
Con esta tesis doctoral se ha procedido a estudiar dicha problemática así como las respuestas que la legislación, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina dan, en nuestro Ordenamiento jurídico y en derecho comparado, para conciliar estos derechos fundamentales con los intereses mediáticos de le prensa, así como las garantías previstas legalmente en el ámbito penal, civil y contencioso- administrativo para la salvaguarda de los mismos. En la parte final del trabajo se apuntan posibles soluciones al problema de los “juicios paralelos” que puedan dar respuesta al interés general de la sociedad en su pretensión de obtener una justicia eficaz en la represión del delito a la vez que respetuosa con los derechos de todos los ciudadanos que se pueden ver involucrados en el proceso judicial.El principi de publicitat de les actuacions judicials es troba consagrat com un dret fonamental en l’article 24.2 de la nostra Constitució. Aquest dret no és de caràcter absolut i està sotmès a determinades limitacions previstes legalment. La publicitat del procés penal implica que tinguin coneixement de les actuacions, no només els propis interessats, si no també estranys al procés. Aquesta activitat de difusió de la notícia, garantia del funcionament del Poder Judicial en una societat democràtica, és realitzada, principalment, pels mitjans de comunicació. El problema es produeix quan s’informa d’un fet que és notícia i que es troba sub iudice, i els mass media, mitjançant un “judici paral·lel”, pretenen de forma continuada i esbiaixada examinar i valorar el procés judicial, les proves i les persones implicades en els fets, assumint el paper de jutge, induint a un veredicte anticipat de culpabilitat o innocència a aquest en front de l’opinió pública. Aquesta activitat topa amb posicions subjectives dels individus que també tenen la consideració de drets fonamentals com són els drets a: (i) un procés just; (ii) un jutge imparcial; (iii) la presumpció d’innocència i (iv) rebre i comunicar informació. Amb la present tesis doctoral s’ha procedit a estudiar la referida problemàtica així com les respostes que la legislació, la jurisprudència i la doctrina donen en el nostre Ordenament Jurídic i en dret comparat, per tal de conciliar aquests drets fonamentals amb els interessos mediàtics de la premsa, així com les garanties previstes legalment en l’àmbit penal, civil i contenciós – administratiu per a la salvaguarda dels mateixos. En la part final del treball s’apunten possibles solucions al problema dels “judicis paral·lels” que poden donar resposta a l’interès general de la societat en la seva pretensió d’obtenir una justícia eficaç en la repressió del delicte a la vegada que respectuosa amb els drets de tots els ciutadans que es puguin veure involucrats en el procés judicial.
The principle of publicity of judicial actions is set forth as fundamental right in article 24 of the Spanish Constitution. Nevertheless, this is not an absolute right: it has some legal limitations. The publicity of the criminal procedure implies that not only those directly affected by the procedure know the state of acts but third people. Information disclosure, which serves as a warranty of the functioning of the judicial system, is done in a democratic society by the media. The problem arises when mass media start a parallel trial while reporting on case which is still sub iudice, assessing and judging with a biased viewpoint the procedure, its participants and the evidences submitted, assuming the judge’s role and, therefore, trying to induce him/her to an anticipate judgement before the public opinion. Such activity collides with the position of the defendant, who has his/her own fundamental rights such as the right to (i) a fair trial; (ii) an impartial judge; (iii) the presumption of innocence and (iv) receive and communicate certain information. In the present thesis, the problem of parallel trials and the collision of rights have been studied taking into account the solutions provided by Law, case law and scholars both of Spanish Legal System and comparative Law in order to reconcile such fundamental rights with media’s interest and also the legal guarantees for defendants in civil, criminal and administrative procedures. In the final part of this thesis, there are some possible solutions to the problem of parallel trials which try to give an answer to society’s general interest to find an efficient justice system in punishing crimes which also respects the rights of all citizens which may be part of the process.
14
Basséne, Yannick Boniface. « La protection du consommateur par l'action de groupe en droit de la concurrence ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB147.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le 19ème siècle est marqué par la mécanisation des activités humaines issues de la révolution industrielle et accentuée par l'essor du progrès technique. Cette révolution est à l'origine de la prolifération des préjudices subis par les consommateurs du fait de la défaillance des machines. De plus, d'autres dommages sont venus se greffer aux dommages corporels. Il en est par exemple les scandales de l'amiante, des cigarettes ou encore des produits médicamenteux, tels que les antidépresseurs ou le vaccin contre l'hépatite B. Ces dommages corporels qui touchaient jadis à la santé, sont de nature économique aujourd'hui. Aussi, la particularité du contexte économique participe-t-elle à accentuer cette complexité du fait notamment de la consommation de masse, de la concentration croissante des opérations économiques et de la globalisation des échanges marchands. Un tel contexte rend ainsi l'expression et le traitement des recours à caractère individuel tantôt inopérants, tantôt insuffisants, pour répondre adéquatement, sur la scène judiciaire, aux besoins légitimes de défense des intérêts individuels. En effet, la conception traditionnelle de notre système de responsabilité civile, dont la réforme est amorcée et qui est marquée par un individualisme ancestral, se révèle souvent inadaptée voire inefficace lorsqu'un même préjudice, subi par des consommateurs victimes, est d'une valeur pécuniaire relativement faible sur le plan individuel, alors même que des profits illicites importants peuvent avoir été engrangés par les contrevenants. Parallèlement à ces évolutions, un constat est fait. Les consommateurs ont changé de comportement, ils sont devenus plus soucieux de leur protection et de plus en plus revendicatifs parce qu'ils considèrent que la réparation des dommages subis est un droit. Aussi, imposèrent-ils des débats politique, judiciaire et économique de la question de la réparation des dommages qu'ils ont subis du fait des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Face à cette situation les systèmes juridiques s'efforcent de trouver des solutions afin d'améliorer la protection de l'individu. La consommation des ménages étant un enjeu fondamental, des règles notamment l'action en représentation conjointe, furent adoptées, sans succès, avec pour finalité de rééquilibrer les relations professionnels/consommateurs et assurer la protection des consommateurs. L'action de groupe apparait dans ces cas de figure comme l'instrument juridique devant permettre aux victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles d'obtenir la réparation des préjudices subis. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était donc d'étudier l'effectivité de la protection du consommateur par l'action de groupe en droit de la concurrence. Pour ce faire, la démarche que nous avons adoptée nous a amené à répondre dans la première partie à deux questions importantes. La première question est relative à l'adaptation des règles de la responsabilité civile à la réparation effective des consommateurs victimes de pratiques anticoncurrentielles, qui constitue notre titre premier. L'étude de cette question nous a conduit à analyser les dispositions permettant la recevabilité de l'action en dommages et intérêts des consommateurs. Cette analyse a permis non seulement de mettre en évidence la particularité de la faute concurrentielle ainsi que le préjudice qui en découle mais également de voir à quel point il était nécessaire de procéder à un aménagement des règles qui gouvernent la responsabilité civile pour les adapter au contentieux concurrentiel. Le second titre de notre première partie a été consacré à l'aspect transnational des pratiques anticoncurrentielles. Le caractère transnational de l'action de groupe a été délibérément omis par le législateur. En effet, la DG concurrence renvoie pour l'action de groupe internationale à l'application des règles de DIP européen. (...)After several decades of doctrinal and legislative debates, the procedure of group action was introduced in French law. The excesses of the American class action has always aroused in French legislators and some specialists in the field a certain mistrust of class actions. As a result, the repression of anti-competitive practices was essentially the responsibility of the enforcement public led by the relevant competition authorities. However, the 19th century is marked by the mechanization of human activities resulting from the industrial revolution and accentuated by the rise of technical progress. This revolution is at the origin of the proliferation of the damages suffered by the consumers because of the failure of the machines. In addition, other damages were added to the bodily injury. Examples include asbestos scandals, cigarettes and drug products, such as anti-depressants or hepatitis B vaccine. These bodily injuries that once affected health are of an economic nature today. In parallel with these evolutions, a report is made. Consumers have changed their behavior, they have become more protective and more and more demanding because they consider that compensation for damages is a right. Thus, they imposed political, judicial and economic debates on the question of compensation for the damage they suffered as a result of anti-competitive practices. Faced with this situation, the legal systems try to find solutions to improve the protection of the individual. Since household consumption is a fundamental issue, rules, including joint representation, were adopted with the aim of rebalancing professional / consumer relations and ensuring consumer protection. However, in the contemporary context of mass consumption, the increasing concentration of economic operations and the globalization of market exchanges, the expression and the treatment of individual remedies prove sometimes ineffective, sometimes insufficient, to respond adequately, on the judicial scene, the legitimate needs of defense of collective interests. Indeed, the traditional conception of civil liability, marked by ancestral individualism, proves to be inadequate when the harm suffered by the victim is of a relatively low pecuniary value at the individual level compared to the illicit global profits collected by the offenders. In order to remedy the ineffectiveness of the right to compensation for damages suffered, the French legislator, through the Hamon law, has offered the consumer a degree of autonomy in the implementation of legal remedies aimed at the repression of anticompetitive practices by the exercise of a right to easy compensation, which has the effect of reinforcing its capacity as a player in the field of competition law. In fact, the provisions specific to group action seem, at first glance, to give weight and influence to the consumer from whom he was previously supposed to be without. The legislator, under the recommendations of the European Commission, wanted to give consumers the necessary weapons to no longer be condemned to suffer the impact of the additional costs imposed between professionals involved upstream. Also, since this is a matter of effectiveness in terms of private remedies due to anticompetitive practices, will this issue be used to examine the means by which the victims of anticompetitive practices may be compensated. This thesis is essentially an analysis of the mechanism of group action to answer the question of whether this procedure effectively protects consumers. Thus, the author has sought to understand how the private enforcement mechanism works to assess whether this model contributes to consumer protection
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Булатін, Д. О., D. O. Bulatin et ORCID : https://orcid org/0000-0002-0200-2822. « Адміністративно-правові засади здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією : порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС : дисертація ». Thesis, Харків, 2020. https://youtu.be/9NaUFk_HSLA.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Булатін, Д. О. Адміністративно-правові засади здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією: порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС : дис. ... д-ра філос.: 12.00.07, 081 / Дмитро Олексійович; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. - Харків, 2020. - 247 с.У дисертації міститься теоретичне узагальнення актуальної наукової проблеми, пов’язаної із визначенням адміністративно-правових засад здійснення превентивної діяльності поліцією через порівняння досвіду України та країн ЄС, а також шляхів їх удосконалення. В результаті проведеного дослідження сформульовано низку положень та висновків котрі спрямовані на досягнення поставленої мети.
The dissertation contains a theoretical generalization of the current scientific problem related to the definition of administrative and legal principles of preventive activities by the police through a comparison of the experience of Ukraine and the EU, as well as ways to improve them. As a result of the research, a number of provisions and conclusions have been formulated which are aimed at achieving the set goal.
В диссертации содержится теоретическое обобщение актуальной научной проблемы, связанной с определением административно-правовых основ осуществления превентивной деятельности полицией через сравнение опыта Украины и стран ЕС, а также путей их совершенствования. В результате проведенного исследования сформулирован ряд положений и выводов которые направлены на достижение поставленной цели.
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STORSKRUBB, Eva. « Judicial cooperation in civil matters : a policy area uncovered ». Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6367.
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Defence date: 9 October 2006Supervisor: Prof. Jacques Ziller
Awarded the Mauro Cappelletti Prize for the best comparative law doctoral thesis, 2007.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
This dissertation examines a burgeoning policy area of the EU - the regulation of cross border civil and commercial litigation. The dissertation analyses the EU's specific legislative measures regulating civil procedure and assesses their impact on litigation, particularly due process rights. The policy is then placed in the broader contexts of European integration and the international codification of civil procedure.
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ENGSTRÖM, Johanna Eva Maria. « The Europeanisation of remedies and procedures through judge-made law : can a Trojan horse achieve effectiveness ? : experiences of the Swedish judiciary ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12704.
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Author was awarded the European Public Law Group's special distinction 2010 for her PhD thesis.Defence date: 28 September 2009
Examining Board: Profs. Ulf Bernitz (External Co-Supervisor, University of Stockholm); Gráinne de Burca (Supervisor, former EUI and Fordham University); Bruno De Witte (EUI); Walter van Gerven (University of Leuven)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Through the judge-made requirements developed in its case-law, the Court of Justice has laid down obligations on national courts to provide effective judicial protection for individuals that seek to enforce Community law claims. This thesis will study the Europeanisation of national remedies and procedures that comes about in this process. I will carry out the analysis in two stages. In the first stage, I will look from a European perspective at the principle of effective judicial protection, which I will view as a Trojan horse containing the judge-made requirements, and establish what is understood by effective judicial protection. I will seek to identify more precise obligations incumbent on national courts in relation to different remedies and procedural rules. Moreover, I will seek to establish the rationale of the Court's intervention into national procedural autonomy. In particular, I will consider if the rationale is a concern to protect individual rights or whether the language of 'rights' is rather used as a legitimizing pretext for enhancing the general effectiveness of Community law and for harmonising remedies and procedures. In a second stage, the thesis will empirically study the Europeanisation of remedies and procedures at the domestic level, by looking at the Swedish judiciary's reaction to those judge-made requirements. It is only by looking at what happens when the Trojan horse unfolds in the national legal system that one can understand its role and whether the principle, in practice, achieves the intended rationales, or whether its complexity in fact hampers effective judicial protection. It will emerge that, in the Swedish context, there is a gap between European theory and national practice. In this respect, the study will highlight the role of the national legal and judicial culture in ensuring the effectiveness of Community law. Conclusions will be drawn from the empirical study on whether the Trojan horse really does serve as a functional and effective tool to achieve Europeanisation of remedies and procedures and the Court's intended rationales. I will call for clarifications, coherence and better 'judicial governance' of this complicated area of law.
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BERGSTRÖM, Maria. « Advocacy groups and multilevel governance : the use of EC law as a campaigning tool ». Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4563.
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KAS, Betül. « 'Hybrid' collective remedies in the EU social legal order ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46964.
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Defence date: 21 June 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor) Prof. Marise Cremona, EUI Prof. Laurence Gormley, University of Groningen Prof. Fernanda Nicola, Washington College of Law, American University
The aim of this thesis is to illustrate, on the basis of a socio-legal study presented in three qualitative case studies, the role of hybrid collective remedies in enforcing European socially oriented regulation, in particular environmental law, anti-discrimination law and consumer law, for the creation of a European social legal order, which is able to gradually counter its perceived internal market bias. The hybrid collective remedies at stake in the three case studies – each case study constituted by a preliminary reference to the CJEU – are symptomatic of the three legal-political fields at stake. With the EU taking a leading role in the three fields for the purpose of complementing the creation of an internal market, the EU has decoupled the fields from their national social welfare origin and re-established a policy which is not so much based on ensuring social justice, but more based on procedural mechanisms to ensure access justice. Likewise, the EU left the creation of collective remedies fostering a genuine protective purpose to the Member States. The national and European models of justice underlying the three legal-political fields and their remedies are of a complementary, i.e., of a hybrid nature, and are moving towards the creation of an integrated European social order. The creation of the European social order via national actors using the preliminary reference procedure to implement the three policies at stake goes hand in hand with the creation of a European society.
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HÜTTEMANN, Suzan Denise. « Principles and perspectives of European criminal procedure ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/24001.
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Defence date: 15 June 2012First made available online on 29 July 2019
Examining Board: Professor Neil Walker, EUI / University of Edinburgh (Supervisor); Professor Marise Cremona, EUI; Professor Valsamis Mitsilegas, Queen Mary, University of London; Professor Kimmo Nuotio, University of Helsinki.
This thesis shall contribute to European Criminal Procedure, a rapidly evolving area of EU policy that has attracted much attention, but has also been subject to criticism. The research will first identify and analyse the main rationales of this area. Since the Tampere European Council of 1999, mutual recognition has become the most fundamental concept of judicial cooperation in criminal matters and has experienced a steep career, having been adopted by Art. 82 TFEU. When the principle of mutual recognition was introduced, it was based on an analogy to the free movement of goods. This analogy has often been regarded as flawed. Moreover, there has always been a notion of mutual recognition in judicial cooperation as well. The study will show how these two factors have influenced the development of the area, and how policy concepts, such as the principle of mutual trust, have had a greater influence on the development of the law than any legal doctrine. The lack of a coherent approach to the area of judicial cooperation and the unsystematic combination of different legal orders have caused unforeseen frictions for the individual. These will be illustrated by an analysis of the law of transnational evidence-gathering according to the European Evidence Warrant and the proposed European Investigation Order. It will be shown that most of the problems result from the lack of a uniform allocation of jurisdiction and from an overly confined understanding of fundamental rights in the context of judicial cooperation. By analysing the nature and purpose of jurisdictional rules in a national and a European context, the thesis aims at uncovering the theoretic foundations on which a uniform allocation of jurisdiction could be built. Finally, the thesis analyses the role of fundamental rights in judicial cooperation. It will uncover the ineptness of a nation-state oriented interpretation of fundamental rights to adequately address the problems of mutual recognition and argue for a European understanding of transnational judicial rights.
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KARLSSON, Haukur Logi. « A quantitative quest for philosophical fairness in EU’s competition procedure ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/48005.
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Defence date: 15 September 2017Examining Board: Professor Giorgio Monti, EUI (supervisor); Professor Dennis Patterson, EUI; Professor Davíð Þór Björgvinsson, University of Iceland; Professor Ioannis Lianos, UCL
The question of procedural fairness in EU’s competition procedure has been discussed widely in the academic literature based on the traditional positivistic legal method; so far without a success in producing a consensus on where the practical limitations of the concept of procedural fairness ought to lie. This thesis sets out to approach the problem more fundamentally by propping beyond the concept of procedural fairness in the legal positivistic sense, and venture into the territory of moral and political philosophy for establishing a practical understanding of the more general concept of fairness in human relations. Once the concept of fairness has been properly revealed in practical terms, the thesis attempts to quantitatively translate this concept of fairness into the laws to facilitate the composition of a fair legal rule. To achieve this, a novel methodological model is constructed based on microeconomic tools. This model, the model of fair rules, is then used to assess two dilemmas of procedural fairness in the context of EU’s competition procedure that have been solved by the CJEU based on the traditional juridical method. The results of the assessment suggest that methodological improvements can be made in the design of competition procedures with regards to facilitating procedural fairness. Such improvements would also have implications for the legal interpretive methodologies used by the EU courts.
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DELLA, CANANEA Giacinto. « I procedimenti amministrativi della Comunita Europea ». Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4610.
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BRITO, BASTOS Filipe. « Beyond executive federalism : the judicial crafting of the law of composite administrative decision-making ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/55824.
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Defence date: 13 June 2018Examining Board: Professor Deirdre Curtin, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Miguel Poiares Maduro, European University Institute ; Professor Paul Craig, St. John's College, Oxford ; Professor Herwig Hofmann, University of Luxembourg
The thesis examines how EU courts have addressed the rule of law challenges of composite procedures. Composite procedures are pervasive administrative processes which involve joint decision-making by national and EU authorities. Such procedures fit poorly into the EU’s traditional model of administrative law, EU executive federalism, which is designed for an administrative system where decisional power is exercised separately by the two levels of administration. This mismatch would make it difficult to observe several key requirements of the rule of law in EU administrative law – such as the right to be heard, the right to a reasoned decision, judicial protection, and the control of legality. The thesis argues that EU courts have crafted a series of unprecedented implicit principles that specifically aim at ensuring the observance of rule of law requirements in composite decision-making. In doing so, EU case law has departed from the old doctrine of EU executive federalism. This was however not an easy transition. Indeed, since the EU’s foundational period, EU executive federalism was considered to be a constitutional doctrine, i.e., to immediately flow from the Treaties. Given the almost complete lack of references to administrative issues in the Treaties, this reading was entirely question-begging. Its espousal in the case law is explained in the dissertation as the likely result of a shared federalist conception of the European Union and of the administrative order created under its aegis. The thesis further argues that, just as the doctrine of EU executive federalism, the judge-made law of composite procedures relies on a series of assumptions on the relations between national and EU administration. The principles of composite decision-making do not treat national and EU authorities as two strictly separate spheres of power. Rather, they handle the two levels as a single, integrated administration, where national authorities are treated as an extension of the Commission – as the EU administration’s ancillary bureaucracy.
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LAFFERTY, Michelle Martine. « European citizens' right to vote ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5451.
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SONELLI, Silvia A. « L'impugnazione per motivi di diritto nel sistema comunitario : aspetti problematici e profili comparativi ». Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4792.
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Defence date: 9 May 1997Supervisor: Francis Snyder
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Con l’istituzione del Tribunale di primo grado, resa possibile dall’Atto unico europeo e realizzata con la decisione 88/951 del Consiglio, è stato introdotto nel sistema comunitario il doppio grado di giurisdizione per le cause trasferite in primo grado alla competenza del Tribunale, A seguito della progressiva espansione delle competenze trasferite, il Tribunale è attualmente giudice di primo grado per tutti i ricorsi diretti proposti dalle persone fìsiche e giuridiche. Il Trattato di Maastricht ha esteso l'ambito delle competenze " potenziali" del Tribunale: l'art. 168A CE consente infatti il trasferimento dei ricorsi diretti proposti dagli Stati membri e dalle Istituzioni comunitarie. Resta riservata alla Corte di giustizia la competenza a conoscere delle questioni pregiudiziali sottoposte ai sensi dell’an. 177 del Trattato.
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MORAIS, LEITAO Teresa. « Civil liability for environmental damage : a comparative survey of harmonised European legislation ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5464.
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CHATZIMANOLI, Despina. « Law and governance in the institutional organisation of EU financial services : the Lamfalussy procedure and the single supervisor revisited ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12010.
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Defence date: 9 March 2009Examining Board: Prof. Gráinne De Búrca, EUI- Fordham Law School- Harvard Law School (Supervisor); Prof. Marise Cremona, EUI (Internal Advisor); Prof. Takis Tridimas, Financial Law Unit, Queen Mary, University of London; Prof. Niamh Moloney, London School of Economics and Political Science- Financial Markets Group, University of London
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Financial markets help allocate capital efficiently across the economy, thereby boosting economic growth- hence the salience of the creation of a single market in financial services within the EU single market project. Nevertheless, despite the EU's financial regulatory programme, it appears that a fully-fledged single European financial market is yet to be achieved. According to some, the substantive context of EU financial regulation is partially to account for this failure. More recently, though, both in policy and academic circles, the focus has been shifting towards the governance of EU financial law. Within this context, this thesis analyses the institutional arrangements for EU financial market regulation and supervision - crystallized in the so-called Lamfalussy framework- and explores the potential and problems of the prospect of institutional consolidation (in the form of one or more EU financial authorities) as an alternative to that framework. The debate, which seemed to have subsided in recent years, is now again coming to the fore, in light of the ongoing international financial crisis. This evidences the close relationship between substance and governance: the quality of rules ultimately depends both on the input that produced them, as well as -if not more- on the quality of the implementation, application and enforcement of the rules. This discussion on the future of EU financial governance is undertaken in two parts. The thesis examines firstly the interaction of 'classical' financial law aims (achieving efficient and stable financial markets) with 'integrationist' aims (the commitment to create a single European financial market, as a response to growing international competition). The thesis then situates the institutional question within the broader context of the EU public law framework in a more deliberate and systematic way than has hitherto been done in the existing scholarly literature. The result is an argument in favour of institutional consolidation in the EU financial sector, with an emphasis on supervision. The case of the US SEC, whose success is arguably based on its enforcement function, is used to illustrate that institutional consolidation is not synonymous with 'one size fits all' solutions, but that flexibility can be incorporated in an authority's regulatory tools. To be sure, further discussion is necessary in order to achieve this balance; but the thesis argues that we do better to focus on the details of the 'how' best to design such institutions, rather than on omphaloskeptical questions of 'whether' they are needed. Indeed, at a closer look, arguments against this approach rarely dispute the need itself for some institutional consolidation, but rather point to the difficulties in its design.
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ROBLES, CARRILLO Margarita A. « La participation du Parlement Europeen dans la procedure juridictionnel : Evolution et perspectives d'avenir ». Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5684.
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PICCOLI, Lorenzo. « The politics of regional citizenship : explaining variation in the right to health care for undocumented immigrants across Italian regions, Spanish autonomous communities, and Swiss cantons ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/53404.
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Defence date: 11 April 2018Examining Board: Prof. Rainer Bauböck, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. Maurizio Ferrera, University of Milan; Prof. Andrew Geddes, European University Institute; Prof. Liesbet Hooghe, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Over the last forty years, regions in Europe have acquired an increasingly important role in the provision of rights that were traditionally used by states to define the boundaries of national citizenship. Despite this trend, there are still few comparative examinations of what citizenship means for subnational actors, how these affect the provision of rights, and what the consequences of this process are for internal solidarity, the democratic process, and ultimately the constitutional integrity of modern states. These are important questions at a time when ideas about membership and rights within multilevel polities are vigorously contested in courts, legislative chambers, and election booths. Instances of these contestations are the Spanish Constitutional Court’s decision on the legality of subsequent referendums on Catalan secession in 2014 and 2017; the ongoing standoff between the state of California and the American federal government over who ought to regulate the rights of undocumented immigrants; and the Scottish and UK referendums on independence and exit from the European Union, respectively. This dissertation sets out to explain under what conditions, how, and with what kind of consequences some regions are more inclusionary than others in their approach to what citizenship entails and to whom it applies. This is what I refer to as the politics of regional citizenship. The empirical analysis focuses on subnational variations in the realisation of the right to health care for undocumented immigrants in three multilevel states where regional governments have some control over health care and, within these, on pairs of regions that have been governed by either left- or right-wing parties and coalitions: Lombardy (Italy, conservative government from 1995), Tuscany (Italy, progressive government from 1970), Andalusia (Spain, progressive government from 1980), Madrid (Spain conservative government from 1995), Vaud (Switzerland, progressive government from 2002) and Zürich (Switzerland, conservative government from 1991). Evidence is collected via the analysis of over 31 legislative documents and 62 interviews with policy-makers, health care professionals, and members of NGOs. The comparison shows that the interaction of political ideologies at different territorial levels leads to the emergence of contested ideas about citizenship through the use that regional governments make of the distinct traditions of regional protection of vulnerable individuals like minor children, the disabled, and the homeless. The comparison also shows that the structure of the territorial system of the state plays an important role in determining the direction of the politics of regional citizenship. The value assigned to territorial pluralism within a country, in particular, determines whether regional citizenship is developed against the state, as a strategy to manifest dissent and mark the difference—as is the case in Spain and, to some extent, in Italy—or, instead, together with the state, as an expression of multilevel differentiation—as in Switzerland. Importantly, however, regional citizenship does never develop in complete isolation from the state because it always represents an attempt to weaken or reinforce the policies of the central government.
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NANNERY, Aoife. « The 'conscience of Europe' in the European sovereign debt crisis : an analysis of the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Committee of Social Rights on austerity measures ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/39046.
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Award date: 30 November 2015Supervisor: Professor Claire Kilpatrick, European University Institute
This thesis is an analysis of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Committee of Social Rights arising from austerity measures in the European sovereign debt crisis. The thesis considers the protection afforded to socio-economic interests under the two systems, and how this protection has been tested by the challenges arising from the economic crisis. The first chapter is an analysis of the social Euro-crisis cases. Brought under Article 1 of Protocol 1 to the ECHR the measures enacted to reduce government spending were an alleged violation of the right to property. Almost all of the social Euro-crisis cases were held to be inadmissible by the Court, which cited the gravity of the economic crisis in the respondent states and the executive’s margin of appreciation in matters of social and economic policy. The second chapter places the social Euro-crisis cases in context temporally and thematically, in considering two previous lines of case law developed by Strasbourg: financial and economic stability, and emergency and exceptional circumstances. The ECtHR decisions focus on the severity of the crisis, determining that the margin of appreciation is broader in such circumstances. The ECtHR section concludes that it does not appear that the European sovereign debt crisis has seen Strasbourg develop any definitive crisis approach to ensure that Convention rights are protected in times of economic instability. The third chapter examines the case law generated by the European Committee of Social Rights during the same period. This section serves to act as a counterpart to the ECtHR section. The Committee emphasised that times of crisis require socio-economic rights to be protected, and finds many of the challenged austerity measures incompatible with the European Social Charter.
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THIELBÖRGER, Pierre. « The right(s) to water ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15410.
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Defence date: 15 December 2010Examining Board: Philip Alston (New York University School of Law); Catarina De Albuquerque (UN Independent Expert, Lisbon); Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (Supervisor, EUI); Martin Scheinin (EUI)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
As indicated in the title, 'The Rights to Water', this thesis will argue that one self-standing, comprehensive and legally-binding human right to water does currently not exist on the international level. However, it is important to note, that this is not the same thing as stating that 'there is no human right to water'. It is simply to say that this human right does not meet some of the characteristics of many other human rights (in particular: self-standingness, comprehensiveness and legalbindingness) all at once. The research question will be addressed in three steps. A first analytical part will examine the present status of the right to water in international, European and domestic law. A second, theoretical part, will scrutinize whether and in which form it is even conceptually possible and meaningful to consider water as the object of a distinct human right. Finally, a third, applied part will consider how concrete reforms and developments can improve the effectiveness of the right in practical terms, if accepted. Only by considering the right to water in its legal, philosophical and practical context can the present status and future potential of the right to water be addressed fully.
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LAW, Stephanie. « The CJEU as a 'laboratory' of comparative analysis : a theoretical and case-based study of the Europeanisation of private law ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32552.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 4 September 2014Examining Board: Professor Fabrizio Cafaggi, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI; Professor Geneviève Saumier, McGill University; Professor Carla Sieburgh, Radboud University Nijmegen
This thesis seeks to determine whether, and if so, in what form, comparative analysis constitutes a theoretical and methodological component of the Europeanisation of private law; following a review of legislative efforts at harmonisation, the thesis evaluates the CJEU as a “comparative laboratory”. It begins with an exploration of the nature of Europeanisation and integration, which highlights the significance of the political, economic and legal as well as social and cultural contexts in which these processes occur. In light of this initial analysis, from which the significance of the national foundations of private law also comes to the fore, the European space is advanced as one of commonality and diversity of legal cultures and traditions. Recognising the unlikelihood of the codification of private law, the thesis makes a plea for the recognition of a shift in the perspective of legal development, to one which acknowledges the dynamic nature of private law as it emerges within a pluralist, multi-level construct of regulation. Against this background and in light of the contextual perspective to which it gives rise, the thesis argues that comparative analysis might facilitate the development of such a perspective, particularly in light of the role of the courts, both national and European. Notwithstanding this potential, a critical assessment of contemporary comparative law reveals its theoretical and methodological poverty and illustrates the need for a developed understanding of “complex” comparison, engaging this aforementioned shift in perspective. The foundations of the evaluation of the CJEU as a “comparative laboratory” are brought to light via a socio-legal assessment of its constitution and jurisdiction; the evaluation thereafter intertwines the theoretical and case-based analyses, engaging the preliminary reference procedure as a fundamental epistemological standpoint and concretising the discourse with three case examples of CJEU jurisprudence, in which conflicts of a private law nature arise. These case analyses provide the foundations for the construction of two classifications, namely of the sources of comparison in the CJEU and of the context and purposes for which comparison is engaged, both of which illustrate the existence of comparative analysis as a tool of interpretation. A second round of evaluation advances and facilitates the understanding of the relevance of comparative analysis not only as a tool of interpretation but also as a second-order device, in respect of the CJEU’s development of its “meta-mechanisms” of Europeanisation and integration, essentially building on the analysis undertaken to ask why comparative analysis should be engaged by the Luxembourg Court.
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DE, ALMEIDA Lucila. « Integration through self-standing European private law : insights from the internal point of view to harmonization in energy market ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46666.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 23 May 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Stefan Grundmann, European University Institute; Prof. Daniela Caruso, Boston University; Prof. Kim Talus, University of Helsinki and University of Eastern Finland
This thesis analyses the impact of the European Integration Project on private law. While the impact of EU law on private law throughout negative integration created European Private Meta-law, and throughout positive integration evolved to European Private law, this thesis claims that EU law has recently moved a step further in regulated markets by creating selfstanding European Private law. Self-standing European Private law is a normative system of rules at supranational level in which its semantically rigid legal norms suggests the intrusion of EU law into the private order of contractual parties with minor divergences within and among national legal systems. This analytical model explains the legal phenomenon of intrusion and substitution, which is different than the phenomenon of divergence, what has so far been the main focus of legal scholars in comparative private law and approaches to Harmonization. To define and identify self-standing European private law, this thesis proposes a systematic understanding of EU law from what H.L.A. Hart conceptualizes as the Internal Point of View. It contextualizes the private law dimension of EU energy law through a discussion of primary and secondary rules and, most importantly, the linguistic framework of analytic philosophy. In so doing, this thesis claims the constitutive element of self-standing European Private law takes shapes when EU law, through governance modes of lawmaking and enforcement at the EU level, creates a set of mandatory rules applied to private relationships, of which the semantic texture of its language leaves minor space for divergent interpretation and implementation by legal official and market actors. To prove the emergence of a self-standing European Private Law, EU energy Law is the blueprint to test the claim. The thesis pursues a socio-legal investigation on how the private law dimension of EU energy law has changed over three decades of market integration and affected two key market transactions in energy markets: transmission service contracts in electricity, and natural gas supply contracts.
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CANTERO, GAMITO Marta. « The private law dimension of the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications : evidence of the self-sufficiency of European regulatory private law ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/37647.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 26 October 2015Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor); Prof. Yane Svetiev, EUI; Prof. Annetje Ottow, Universiteit Utrecht; Prof. Fernando Gómez, Universidad Pompeu Fabra Barcelona.
This thesis examines the contractual dimension of the EU Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications. In particular, it provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the transformations occurring in private law as a result of the impact of EU telecommunications regulation on private law relationships. While the main focus in the Europeanization of private law has been on the sale of goods, this thesis engages the (concealed) private law dimension accompanying the, almost, all-encompassing sector-related framework that concerns the provision of a Service of General Economic Interest. This thesis scrutinizes the private law implications of the regulation of telecommunications services from cradle to grave; i.e. from its making to its enforcement. Hence, it does not only consider substance but also focuses on the institutional and procedural transformations taking place within the sector. Tested against empirical research, the thesis further assesses the self-sufficiency of sector-specific legislation as a separate regime of private law serving regulatory functions that operate independently of general contract rules. The thesis concludes by validating that self-sufficiency is actually occuring in view of the results yielded from the foregoing legal and empirical analysis and by providing a normative assessment of the transformation of private law which is taking place as a result of the shift in the focus of European private law from the failed European of civil code project to the regulation of areas beyond the core of private law.
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HANCOX, Emily. « The scope of EU fundamental rights : an analytical approach ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26438.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Supervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute.Award date: 26 November 2012
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The scope of EU fundamental rights is in a general state of confusion. This thesis takes an analytical approach to the case law, focuses on how the Court of Justice has conceptualised cases dealing with fundamental rights. This approach goes beyond the use of misleading labels, often used to disguise any extension of the scope of fundamental rights. As a result of this, the case law on general principles is recategorised so that there are three main categories of Member State action falling within the scope of EU fundamental rights. These are, when the Member State acts based on a power conferred by the EU, when Member State action preconditions the exercise of an EU right and when a national measure is affected by EU legislation. The post-Charter case law is then considered against the backdrop of this recategorisation. The general trend suggests that the Charter has not affected the scope of EU fundamental rights. The potential impact of accession to the ECHR is then considered.
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LAZZERINI, Nicole. « The scope of the protection of fundamental rights under the EU charter ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29604.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 21 October 2013Examining Board: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor) ; Professor Bruno de Witte, European University Institute; Professor Giorgio Gaja, University of Florence; Professor Steve Peers, University of Essex.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The recognition of the legally binding value of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights has profoundly transformed the Union system of fundamental rights protection. The novelties not only concern the sources of this protection, but also the conditions for the application and interpretation of EU fundamental rights. In particular, before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty the Court of Justice was the exclusive architect of its approach to fundamental rights, whereas in the era of the legally binding Charter is confronted with written rules on the subject. Moreover, if there is no doubt that the Lisbon Treaty has put an unprecedented emphasis on the protection and promotion of EU fundamental rights, the Member States have contextually expressed, and with equal emphasis, concerns towards an ever-increasing expansion of the scope of EU fundamental rights, at the expense of domestic standards and material competences. Against this background, the aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the scope of the protection offered (better, that should be offered) by the EU Charter. The analysis covers problems relating both to the scope of application of the Charter and to its effects. Some of the questions addressed are new, as they stem from novelties introduced by the Charter others are veritable topoi of the EU discourse on fundamental rights, which nevertheless need to be revisited in light of the new scenario just described. The leading idea is that, in order to overcome the ambiguity of the Charter on many crucial issues concerning its scope of application and effects, reliance must be made on the role assigned to EU fundamental rights by the revised Treaties. These, and the progressive evolution of the EU system of fundamental rights protection, suggest that fundamental rights are constitutive values of the EU legal order.
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VAN, LEEUWEN Barend. « Paradoxes of convergence : European standardisation of services and its impact on private law ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/35521.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 13 April 2015Examining Board: Professor Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Stefan Grundmann, EUI; Professor Catherine Barnard, Trinity College, University of Cambridge; Professor Carla Sieburgh, Radboud Universiteit.
This thesis analyses European standardisation of services and its impact on private law. It tells a story of two paradoxes. First of all, the EU – in particular, the European Commission – would like European standardisation of services to improve the internal market for services. However, it is not actually taking any steps to guarantee that European standardisation of services facilitates free movement of services. With the New Approach for goods, European standardisation of goods has been made a tool for internal-market building. Such a regulatory approach has not been developed for European standardisation of services. As a result, it is difficult for the EU to exercise control over the reasons of stakeholders to start working on European services standards. An analysis of European standardisation in the healthcare and tourism sectors shows that parties start making European services standards for various reasons, which often have little to do with the improvement of the internal market. Therefore, the Commission cannot rely on European standardisation as a regulatory strategy to improve free movement of services. Secondly, because there is no European regulatory framework in which European services standards play a clear role, the parties which make European services standards become responsible for their application in law. They want their standards to play a role in private law – in particular, in contract law and in certification schemes. However, although stakeholders want European services standards to be applied in private law, they do not really care about the requirements which are imposed by private law. European services standards are not adopted in a legal vacuum – they regularly interact and clash with existing legal regulation. There is a real risk that European services standards might contain provisions which breach the free movement and competition law provisions. This will prevent their successful application in private law.
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Lyttle, David M. J. « Democracy, dictatorship and development : European Union Pacific development policy in action : a study of Fijian society since December 2006 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in European Studies in the University of Canterbury / ». 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3741.
Texte intégral
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AZOULAI, Loic. « Les garanties procedurales en droit communautaire : recherches sur la procédure et le bon gouvernement ». Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4550.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 21 December 2000Examining board: Prof. Joël Rideau, Directeur de thèse/extérieur, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Membre de l'Institut Universitaire de France ; Prof. Renaud Dehousse, Directeur de thèse IUE, Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris ; Prof. Mario Chiti, Université de Florence ; Prof. Fabrice Picod, Université Panthéon-Assas de Florence ; Prof. Jacques Ziller, Institut Universitaire Européen de Florence
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ORLANDINI, Giovanni. « Il conflitto sindacale nei servizi pubblici essenziali : modelli regolativi a confronto nel processo d'integrazione europea ». Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4736.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 24 November 2001; Examining Board: Prof. Emeritus, Lord Wedderburn, (London School of Economics); Prof. Roberto Romei, (University of Florence); Prof. Bruno de Witte (EUI); Prof. Silvana Sciarra (EUI, supervisor)PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
[From the introduction:] La domanda circa il futuro del conflitto sindacale, che si è detto sottendere all’intero lavoro qui introdotto, resterà aperta. Ciò che però si vuol far emergere con forza dall’analisi comparata e comunitaria è come la sopravvivenza del diritto di sciopero presuppone che si compia quel processo di costituzionalizzazione dei diritti sociali fondamentali, che a Nizza è solo timidamente iniziato. La scelta di fondo da compiere è tra un diritto del lavoro che riconosca ancora una funzione “autonoma” ai diritti collettivi, ed uno che li riduca a variabili dipendenti degli obiettivi di politica economica e dei vincoli di competitività del mercato. Resta ovviamente la consapevolezza che molto dipenderà dalla capacità dei lavoratori organizzati di trovare forme e modi d’azione incisivi anche sul piano sovranazionale, dal momento che sono le lotte dei lavoratori a dar vita ai diritti sindacali e non viceversa.
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BEAUCHESNE, Benedicte. « La protection juridique des entreprises en droit communautaire de la concurrence ». Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4558.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 27 May 1992Examining board: Prof. Marie-Chantal Boutard-Labarde (Université de Paris X-Nanterre) ; Prof. Fausto Capelli (Université de Parme) ; Prof. Peter Müller-Graff (Université de Trier) ; Prof. Jürgen Schwarze (Supervisor - EUI) ; Prof. Jean Vergès (Université de Paris I)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Modubu, Boitumelo Maleshoane. « A novel interpretation of article 5(1) (b) of the Brussels I Regulation in respect of complex contracts ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14008.
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CORNELISSE, Galina. « Immigration detention, territoriality and human rights : towards destabilization of sovereignty's territorial frame ». Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 7 May 2007Examining Board: Prof. Neil Walker (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Marise Cremona (European University Institute) ; Prof. Pieter Boeles (Leiden University) ; Prof. Dora Kostakopoulou (University of Manchester)
First made available online on 10 July 2018
From a sociological point of view, camps or transit zones may present the institutionalisation o f temporariness as a form of radical social exclusion and marginalisation in modem society and a conservation of borders as dividing lines
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Čáslavská, Eliška. « Uznání a výkon cizích soudních rozhodnutí v Evropské unii : (mezinárodní civilní procesní právo v Evropské unii - vybrané otázky) ». Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313152.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis deals with the topic " Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in the European Union (International civil procedure law in the European Union - selected issues). Aim of my thesis is to provide systematic overview of legal rules directly applicable on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements. The text is divided into eight main chapters, introduction and conclusion. The introduction of the thesis describes purpose of the text that is to compare particular regulations governing these questions and also defines basic terminology important for this topic. Following chapters focus on relevant regulations and have uniform structure. Opening of each chapter explains elementary characteristics of applicable regulation, reception of this regulation and its main goal. Next subchapters contain demarcation of the material competence of regulation, after that follows procedure of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements. The chapter ends with relations to other instruments. Chapter Two concentrates on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements pursuant to Brussels I Regulation (Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters) which is the first legal instrument in this area and...