Articles de revues : « Cities and towns in the Avesta »

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Redaktion, TATuP. « Sustainable Cities and Towns ». TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 5, n^o 2 (1 juin 1996) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.5.2.91.

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Marden, Mary. « Massachusetts' Cities and Towns ». Journal of Education 52, n^o 5 (juillet 1990) : 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749005200511.

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Liu, Wei, Yao Tong, Jing Zhang, Zuopeng Ma, Guolei Zhou et Yanjun Liu. « Hierarchical Correlates of the Shrinkage of Cities and Towns in Northeast China ». Land 11, n^o 12 (5 décembre 2022) : 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122208.

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The growth and shrinkage of cities and towns are normal phenomena in the evolution of regional town systems. The growth and shrinkage of different levels of cities and towns are mutually influential. This study uses ArcGIS and the Hierarchical Linear Model to analyze the hierarchical differences and correlations in the characteristics and mechanisms of shrinking cities and towns in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that the shrinkage of cities and towns is characterized by hierarchical differences. High-level cities show widespread and slight shrinkage, while low-level towns show the most severe and continued shrinkage. The population shrinkage of cities and towns within the same municipality is not fully synchronized. In terms of spatial patterns, the multi-level relationship between cities and towns is divided into growth-driven, central siphon, peripheral growth, local growth, and global shrinkage. The shrinkage of high-level cities is mainly influenced by economic and industrial development and built-up environment. The shrinkage of low-level towns is constrained by population concentration, economic development, enterprise scale, local arable land resources, and environmental quality. Wages, jobs, and infrastructures in high-level cities have a strong siphoning effect on low-level towns, while technology and industrial development drive the population and economic development of low-level towns.

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Smith, Monica L. « Towns and cities. A commentary on ‘performing towns’ ». Archaeological Dialogues 22, n^o 2 (2 novembre 2015) : 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203815000203.

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In this paper, Axel Christophersen does three important things. First, he addresses the way in which the inhabitants of premodern cities created an urban ethos through their cumulative daily actions. Second, he provides the opportunity to address a long-standing definitional challenge in the study of cities by examining what it means to undergo a process of ‘urbanization’. Finally, he focuses our attention on medieval Scandinavia as a region that has had a considerable amount of archaeological research but with which many readers may not be familiar compared to other historical periods in Europe.

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Palliser, D. M. « English Medieval Cities and Towns ». Journal of Urban History 23, n^o 4 (mai 1997) : 474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614429702300406.

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Mitchell, Alan. « TREES FOR TOWNS AND CITIES ». Arboricultural Journal 9, n^o 4 (novembre 1985) : 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1985.9746727.

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Imhoff, Marc L. « Ecology of Cities and Towns ». BioScience 60, n^o 10 (novembre 2010) : 852–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.10.14.

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Jones, Paul. « Growing pacific towns and cities ». Australian Planner 39, n^o 4 (janvier 2002) : 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2002.9982318.

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Marden, Mary. « Massachusetts Cities and Towns.—(II.) ». Journal of Education 52, n^o 6 (août 1990) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749005200609.

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Rotherham, Ian. « Nature in towns and cities ». Arboricultural Journal 37, n^o 2 (3 avril 2015) : 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2015.1076282.

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Bhatta, Badri Nath. « Theorizing Small Towns in Anthropological Views in Nepal ». Tribhuvan University Journal 32, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2018) : 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v32i1.24772.

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This paper has attempted to define the terms urban, urbanism, cities and towns which are confusing terms however interrelated. An interdisciplinary approach has been adopted to achieve this objective. The towns are small in size, population along with development basis than cities. Earlier stage of towns or small towns was village. As a foundation, village was the original form of all. In this sense, it is focused on the overall urban−rural structure where rural/village has crucial role to develop town to cities. Archeologically, the effort to subsist in primitive people was based on the process of agricultural farming. The first and early civilization in human behaviours was found in Near East (similar as Middle East in West Asia) as initial town at the bank of the river. Therefore, the origin of the towns indicates early people began to be civilized in their daily activities. Later, the towns were extended. In Nepal, there are generally urban areas, cities, towns and villages as local levels in the forms of Metropolitan Cities, Sub Metropolitan Cities, Municipality, and Rural Municipality at the one side, DUD BC at the other has classified into five classes− metro city, sub- metro city, city, sub-city or small town and urban centre based on urban faculties and population.

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Fraccastoro, Katherine A., et Komal Karani. « Marketing Small Towns : A Preliminary Investigation ». Journal of Business & ; Economics Research (JBER) 12, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2014) : 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i3.8736.

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This study is a preliminary investigation into the marketing processes used by small towns/cities to attract business revenue and tourism dollars. Because small town governments do not have the resources of large cities to spend on marketing, it is unclear if they utilize the marketing process in a manner similar to large cities or businesses. Personal interviews were used to determine the process by which small towns attract businesses to their area as well as develop tourism. Small towns must develop business opportunities to encourage economic development in their cities as well as create tourism opportunities to increase the economic impact in the area. The findings indicate that, while some similarities exist due to common goals, different processes are used by different size cities. While the process for economic development through the attraction of businesses is similar in most cities, the process to create tourism differs for small towns. The smaller towns do not utilize the full marketing process which could create a better brand identity that could make them more successful. Instead, they take a more entrepreneurial approach by sharing resources and developing partnerships with other small towns to utilize their resources more effectively.

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Avery-Quinn, Samuel. « Cities of Zion ». Journal of Planning History 17, n^o 1 (14 juin 2017) : 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513217710372.

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In the late nineteenth century, camp meeting towns were a common feature of the American landscape. The boards of Methodist ministers and laity overseeing these towns adopted management and planning strategies drawn from movements for romantic suburbs, sanitary reform, and urban parks. The strategies these Methodists adopted represent a practice of vernacular planning crafted decades before the professionalization of the discipline in the United States. Analysis of the planning history of two sites—Ocean Grove, NJ, and Round Lake, NY—reveals factors shaping this development of Methodistic town planning.

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Vieregge, Michael. « Evidence of local gastronomy in rural destinations : A cross-European study ». Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism 1, n^o 2 (août 2022) : 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2771-5957.1.2.1011.

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In 2020, the Coronavirus pandemic led to domestic travel to rural destinations. Local gastronomy is key to tourists' expectations, perceptions, and images of rural destinations' authenticity. Empirical data supporting evidence of local gastronomy in rural communities are lacking. This archival research focused on n=549 Cittaslow and non-Cittaslow towns and cities in 19 European countries. Rural towns offer more local gastronomy than cities, and Cittaslow-certified towns more than non-Cittaslow. All rural towns should focus on expanding their local gastronomy, and Cittaslow cities even more so.

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Colavitti, Anna Maria, et Alessia Usai. « Applying the HUL approach to walled towns of Mediterranean seaport cities ». Journal of Place Management and Development 12, n^o 3 (5 août 2019) : 338–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-03-2018-0025.

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Purpose In last year, the innovations in shipbuilding and logistics have opened the walled towns of Mediterranean port cities to cruise tourism and other culture-led regeneration strategies. Thus, walled towns in Mediterranean port cities have a particular development potential which questions about the opportunities and risks connected to any comprehensive regeneration strategy with a cultural and tourist purpose, especially for fortified systems whose continuity has been undermined. The paper aims to provide some guidelines for policy-makers and planners in port cities which have decided or are deciding to develop a comprehensive strategy and a knowledge framework for the walled town similar to those already adopted for fortified sites in the World Heritage List. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates on the opportunities and risks connected to any comprehensive regeneration strategy with a cultural and tourist purpose for the walled towns through a comparative analysis of four Mediterranean seaport cities, selected as case studies. Cities which have developed an integrated strategy to inscribe their walled towns to the UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Findings On the base of the case studies’ analysis, the paper proposes a critical reflection upon the management strategies for the UNESCO’s walled towns and supports a better understating of context factors as a way to strengthen the HUL approach when applied to Mediterranean seaport cities. Originality/value The paper sheds light on the application of the historic urban landscape approach to the walled towns of Mediterranean seaport cities. The paper is original because it provides: guidelines for policy-makers and planners in walled towns of Mediterranean seaport cities which have decided or are deciding to develop a comprehensive regeneration strategy for the city centre in line with those adopted in UNESCO’s fortified sites; a critical reflection upon the context factors which can strengthen the HUL approach when applied to Mediterranean seaport cities; criteria to update the HUL approach by UNESCO in analysing the conservation state, the managerial aspects, the participation and social aspects of walled towns.

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Chen, Zheng, et Li Chen. « A Study on the Spatial Relationship between Rural Tourist Destination and Large Cities in China ». Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (décembre 2012) : 3789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3789.

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The paper, with the rural tourist destination as study object, selects 216 distinctive tourist towns (villages) in China as the study sample, explores their spatial relationship with the cities and then sums up the characteristics and regular patterns. Firstly, the paper makes classification of all the tourist towns (villages) based on differences in their tourism resources, divides all the tourist towns (villages) into three types: natural type, cultural type and the integrated type. Secondly, it selects large cities whose population is over 500 thousand as urban samples. By means of GIS mapping analysis tools, quantitative analysis method and other methods, the author makes an analysis of the spatial relationship between distinctive tourist towns (villages) and large cities in the combination of qualitative and quantitative. The result shows that the average Euclidean distance of cultural type tourist towns (villages) to the large urban centers is minimum , the average Euclidean distance of natural type tourist towns (villages) to the large urban centers is maximum ,while the integrated type tourist towns (villages) is the middle between the first two. 93.06% distinctive tourist towns (villages) are scattered within 300 kilometers in Euclidean distance from large urban centers. They are concentrated within 20-40 kilometers (peri-urban areas) and 100-200 kilometers (big cities outlying areas) in Euclidean distance from large city centers. The larger the city is, the more surrounding distinctive tourist towns (villages) the city has.

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Foster, Mark S., et Joseph F. Rishel. « American Cities and Towns : Historical Perspectives. » Journal of American History 81, n^o 1 (juin 1994) : 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081008.

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Rohe, Randall, et David Chuenyan Lai. « Chinatowns : Towns within Cities in Canada ». Western Historical Quarterly 21, n^o 1 (février 1990) : 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/968994.

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Hoe, Ban Seng, et David Chuenyan Lai. « Chinatowns : Towns Within Cities in Canada. » Pacific Affairs 62, n^o 4 (1989) : 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759714.

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Stobart, Jon. « European Cities and Towns 400–2000 ». Journal of Historical Geography 37, n^o 2 (avril 2011) : 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2011.02.014.

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Stoddard, Robert H. « Chinatowns : Towns within cities in Canada ». Journal of Historical Geography 16, n^o 3 (juillet 1990) : 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(90)90068-m.

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Feltynowski, Marcin. « Technological challenges associated with land-use policies in Polish cities and towns ». Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 22, n^o 1 (4 avril 2023) : 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.8090.

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Motives: Land-use policies are legal instruments that are available to local governments. Modern land-use policies require specialized software and spatial data. A survey was conducted in the cities and towns of two Polish regions, and the results were used to describe the challenges facing local authorities in relation to land-use planning. Aims: The main aim of this study was to verify the use of spatial data formats and specialist software in the decision-making process in Polish cities and towns. The survey revealed differences in spatial data formats used by the analysed cities and towns. The research goal was achieved in the entire study group and in groups of differently sized cities. Results: The challenges and implications for land-use policy and decision-making in cities and towns were discussed. The survey revealed differences in the way specialist software is used in land-use planning in the analysed towns and cities. The use of open-source software was examined, and the study demonstrated that georeferenced spatial data is generally lacking. The present findings can be used by the authorities to improve the process of formulating their land-use policies, and they suggest that municipal employees should regularly participate in training programs.

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Zajac, Andrij. « Urzędnicy najemni i służba w miastach Wołynia w drugiej połowie XVI – pierwszej połowie XVII wieku ». Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 10 (30 novembre 2018) : 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.10.2018.10.02.

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Officials and Servants in Towns and Cities of Volhynia in the Second Half of 16th and the First Half of the 17th CenturyThe article looks into activity of officials and servants hired in the Volhynian towns and cities. Among them scribes played a particularly important role. In smaller towns there was only one scribe, but in larger towns, primarily of the county town status , there were two scribes – one for the council and one for the vogt. In private towns scribes were mostly noblemen, but in royal cities burghers prevailed in the post. Some scribes worked also as lawyers as their side job. Municipal finances were managed by “shafars” and interests of the burghers were secured by the “instigator”. The vogt and municipal servants carried out the instructions and orders of the city council and the court. The announcements in the cities were made by the herald. In emergency cases church bells were used to alert the citizens. Public order in the city was maintained by day and night guards. Punishment in the cities was carried out by the executioner. The articles also makes a mention of lower-ranking city servants , such as: canons, locksmiths, shepherds, and trumpeters.

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Fishback, Price V., et Dieter Lauszus. « The Quality of Services in Company Towns : Sanitation in Coal Towns During the 1920s ». Journal of Economic History 49, n^o 1 (mars 1989) : 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700007361.

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Coal company towns were infamous, being described as exploitive, and charged with providing low-quality services, like sanitation. Yet, the quality of sanitation in coal towns in 1922 appears similar to that in cities of similar size, although lagging behind that in major cities. Within the coal region, company and independent towns provided similar levels of sanitation. The quality of sanitation in company towns varied in response to cost-related factors, including town age, population, and natural location. Meanwhile, workers were mobile and demanded compensating increases in wage rates in towns with lower-quality sanitation and higher rents.

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Zhou, Hong, Guo Zheng Wu et Dong Xiang Hu. « A Study on the Evolution Rule and Culture Analysis of the Spatial Form of Ancient Towns in Yuanshui River Basin ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (février 2014) : 1684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1684.

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The drainage basin of Hunan Yuan River is mysterious because of its multi-ethnic culture. A lot of cities and towns were built along the Yuanshui River because of its convenience in water transportation. Yuanshui River is a complete, unique, diverse and an inseparable group culture system with a series of features like environment complexity, multi-culture integration and long history. This article aims at providing a reference to the construction of modern cities and towns in this drainage basin through a thorough study on the evolution rule of the form of the historical cities and towns along Yuanshui River and a study on the unique multi-ethnic culture features that influenced the form of the ancient towns.

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Guo, Na. « Study on the Construction Path of Characteristic Small Cities and Towns from the Perspective of Supply-side Reform——Taking Zushan Town as an Example ». Journal of Finance Research 2, n^o 2 (9 juillet 2018) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v2i2.793.

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Characteristic small cities and towns are the new vehicle for advancing new urbanization construction and supply-side reform. Zushan characteristic towns focus on tourism vacation, ecological livability, integration of production and cities, cultural heritage, poverty alleviation and other functions, and focus on building a new type of “product, city, and people” trinity, is a new benchmark for industrial transformation and upgrading. This article uses field surveys, interviews, and other methods to investigate the status quo of the construction of small towns with Zushan characteristics. Based on this, SWOT analysis of small towns is carried out, and the disadvantages and threats to its development are determined from the nature of towns and cities, infrastructure construction, and townships. Five suggestions were made for the construction of capital, the cultivation of special industries, and the determination of the main body of urban construction.

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Dong, Zheng Lei. « On the Protection and Utilization of the Famous Historic and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages in Central Plain Economic Region ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (janvier 2014) : 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.595.

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Famous historic and cultural cities, towns and villages in Henan have great cultural heritages which are endowed with those characteristics such as particularity, rareness and non-renewability, particularly in the material cultural heritages. The protection and utilization of the famous historic and cultural cities, towns and villages protect the truth of history, the continuity of life and the integrity of townscape. Following the principles of scientific and sustainable utilization, strengthen the protection and utilization of the famous historic and cultural cities, towns and villages and make great effort to promote their cultural connotation and thereby demonstrate the cultural charm of Central Plains.

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Taylor, Peter J. « Transition towns and world cities : towards green networks of cities ». Local Environment 17, n^o 4 (avril 2012) : 495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2012.678310.

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Babkin, R. A., et A. G. Makhrova. « UNITED CITIES OF THE MOSCOW REGION : THE RESULT OF EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS ». Lomonosov Geography Journal 78, n^o 6 (2023) (29 février 2024) : 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.6.4.

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Using the example of the Moscow region and based on the analysis of various information, including data from cellular operators, we studied a poorly explored phenomenon of absorption of some cities (towns) by others. The objectives of the article included the development of an approach to the study of united cities (towns), including an assessment of the preservation of their self-sufficiency as autonomous centers, as well as the identification of factors and stages of integration.It is revealed that in the Soviet period the unification of cities (towns) in the Moscow region occurred as a result of the evolutionary development of neighboring centers and their merger. In recent decades the inclusion of cities (towns) into neighboring centers is mainly the result of artificial amalgamation during the current stage of municipal reform. Based on the example of the three largest takeover cases of recent times (Khimki - Skhodnya, Balashikha - Zheleznodorozhny, Podolsk - Klimovsk), and using the data of cellular operators, we analysed the borders, population numbers and the system of external relations of the population. It is shown that all united cities (towns) under consideration continue to be independent centers (in terms of population size and density, and their role as local centers of labor gravity).The study of the absorbed cities (towns) of the Moscow region made it possible to identify the stages of their integration. It is revealed that after formal administrative subordination, the united center goes through the stages of infrastructural and socio-cultural merger, ending with the stage of complete absorption. It is shown that under the influence of a number of factors (geographical proximity, population size, economic structure, etc.), merger processes can accelerate or slow down.A methodology proposed in the article is aimed at forming an approach to the study of absorbed cities (towns). The latter disappear from the field of view of official statistics and specialists, despite their continued functioning as independent centers for a long time.

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Miao, Siyu, Yang Xiao et Ling Tang. « Urban Growth Simulation Based on a Multi-Dimension Classification of Growth Types : Implications for China’s Territory Spatial Planning ». Land 11, n^o 12 (5 décembre 2022) : 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122210.

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One of the primary aims of China’s territory spatial planning is to control the urban sprawl of local municipals and prevent regional competition and the negative consequences on the environment—which emphasizes the top-down spatial regulation. Indeed, the traditional cellular automaton (CA) model still has limitations when applied to the whole administration area since it may ignore the differences among cities and towns. Thus, this paper proposed a CM-CA (clustering, multi-level logit regression, integrated with cellular automaton) framework to simulate urban growth boundaries for cities and towns simultaneously. The significant novelty of this framework is to integrate several urban growth modes for all cities and towns. We applied our approach to the city of Xi’an, China, and the results showed satisfactory simulation accuracy of a CM-CA model for multiple cities and towns, and the clusters’ effects contributed 74% of the land change variance. Our study provides technical support for urban growth boundary delineation in China’s spatial planning.

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Dringelis, Liucijus, Evaldas Ramanauskas, Ingrida Povilaitienė et Justina Mačiukėnaitė. « EXPLORATION AND RESPECTATION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES, TOWNS, TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES AS A SIGNIFICANT FORMANT OF THEIR IDENTITY ». Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, n^o 1 (14 avril 2015) : 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1028509.

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Under the conditions of globalization and integration the issue of identity preservation with respect to the spatial structure of the Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages has been discussed by many authors. The need to protect the originality and identity of landscape in the countries of the world, their natural and cultural heritage, the spatial structure and architecture of the cities, towns, townships and villages under such complicated circumstances is considered in a number of national and international documents. On the basis of the carried out indoor research and field exploration the paper aims at the discussion of the most significant urbanistic, architectural, landscape and other features that form the specificity and identity of the Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages. The following specific features of the settlements have been analysed: the period when a settlement emerged, its visual interaction with the environment (panoramas, silhouettes), natural conditions (terrain line, water bodies, green spaces), plan and spatial structure (street network, building arrangement, squares, green spaces, etc.) and significant buildings (sacred, public and other buildings and constructions). Due to their significance and uniqueness all the mentioned features form the identity of the analysed object. The following objects were selected for the research: all towns (103), townships (249), church villages (301), villages as local administrative centres (97) and ordinary villages with adequate natural and cultural heritage (318), in all 1.068 settlements, or 5% from the total number of the country's settlements (21.043). On the basis of the carried out research, the paper analyses the historical development of Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages; the current demographical and urban status of the country's settlement system; defines the principles of settlement selection and identity research methods; discusses the research progress and the results obtained during the exploration of the specificity of the spatial structure of cities, towns, townships and villages. The analysis of the spatial structure of the country's largest cities has also been presented which reveals the violations of their most specific features (e.g. old towns, river valleys, etc.). The paper also offers a comparative analysis of the specificity of Lithuanian cities, towns, townships and villages and adequate types of settlements in foreign countries.

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Środa-Murawska, Stefania. « Usługi kulturalne w małych miastach ». Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2013, n^o 11 (28 novembre 2013) : 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2013.11.3.

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This paper describes the use of cultural services in small Polish towns against other towns and cities taking into account the cultural sector represented by museums, cultural centers, cinemas and libraries. The study was based on CSO data urban centers with less than 20 thousand inhabitants. It was found that some changes in the availability and use of facilities providing cultural services in small towns are consistent to those seen in larger cities.

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Parysek, Jerzy J. « The socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989 ». Dela, n^o 21 (1 décembre 2004) : 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.109-119.

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The aim of this paper is to present the socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989. The Polish changes reached the structures of the three basic subsystems of the state: political (power), social (society), and economic (the economy). The systemic transformation that has taken place in Poland after 1989 is most readily visible in towns, although it was introduced in the country as a whole. For the development and transforma-tion of towns, the most important were the introduction of local government structures and the market model of the economy. The restitution of local government has ensured towns an authentic manager authorised to perform his function by the local community. The in-troduction of the market model to the economy has resulted in its privatisation and the ap-pearance of enterprise and competition. Towns, especially the biggest cities, have become attractive locations for investment. Cities with a balanced economic structure and well-de-veloped infrastructure had much better chances for growth to start with. Unfortunately, the transformation period has also had some detrimental effects, the most important being un-employment and all kinds of social deviance. However, Polish cities are certainly different today and resemble Western cities to a greater extent than did the so-called socialist towns built along theoretically beautiful but practically ineffectual ideological lines.

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Ramanna, G., et Ashok D. Hanjagi. « Urban trends : A case study of Karnataka ». Geo Eye 8, n^o 1 (15 juin 2019) : 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v8i1.6.

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Towns and cities play a greater role in regional development of a state or country. A settlement with more than 75% of pupulation other than agricultural activites can be termed as town. Karnataka has good number of towns and cities but lack in million cities. Bangalore is the only million city, it is located in the most southern part of Karnataka. Urban influence is of varying nature, it may have its influence of agriculture, on industry, on administration and also on certain services like medical, cultural including educational, recretional, etc. The secondary data are collected from various government organizations the trend in which the towns and cities of Karnataka expanded and the urban agglomeration in the 2011 is given emphasis in this paper. Keywords: Urban agglomeration; urban primacy; urbanization

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Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, Agung Sugiri et Samsul Ma’rif. « Urban region formation of small cities and the growth of urban settlements in peripheries : the case of Tegal and Pekalongan urban regions in Central Java, Indonesia ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1082, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1082/1/012012.

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Abstract The expansion of urban areas has become spatial feature in the urbanization process of cities in Indonesia. As the most densely populated island in the world, Java has experienced such formation in both large and smaller cities. In most cases of expanded urban formations of small cities in Java, the formation has also created growing towns or urban settlements in the peripheries. Using the cases of the expanded urbanization process occurring in Tegal City and Pekalongan City, two smaller cities of Java whose urban areas have expanded into the territory of surrounding regency (regencies or non-urban districts), this paper aims to elaborate on an understanding of the extent of which the growth of urban settlements in peripheries in the expansion process of small cities. The research, which uses the territory of subdistricts to delineate the towns, tries to find how the spatial process affects the formation of urban regions as well as the towns in the peripheries. The analysis on villages’ transformation in peripheries was implemented by showing the spatial evolution of population density in the regions. Next, the development of towns in peripheries was analyzed to show the influence of such an urbanization process on the formation of towns in the peripheries of small or medium cities in Java. Time series and comparison analysis are employed to develop an understanding of how urbanization affects spatial formation in peripheries. The results show that the urbanization process of small cities needs to be managed in integrated manner so then the urbanization and peri-urbanization processes can be directed to produce better formation of the urban region.

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Bocharov, Sergei G. « Heritage of the Golden Horde : the origins of Crimean Khanat cities ». Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, n^o 40 (27 juin 2022) : 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.231.241.

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Golden Horde State during its existence on the Crimean Peninsula origin two towns Solkhat – Krym (modern Stariy Krym) and Kirk-Yer (modern Chufut-Kale). At the time of its emergence in the mid-15th century, the Crimean Khanate "inherited" only these two towns on the peninsula. Coastal Genoese towns - Caffa (modern Feodosia), Soldaia (modern Sudak), Cembalo (modern Balaklava) and Vosporo (modern Kerch) were situated near as well as two towns of the Late Byzantine principality Theodoro: the capital of the principality – Theodoro (now Mangup) and the town Calamita (now Inkerman). As a result of the Ottoman conquest of 1475 the number of Ottoman Crimean towns remained the same, only their names were changed: Caffa became Kefe, Soldaia – Sudak, Cembalo – Balaklava, Vosporo – Kerch, Theodoro – Mangup, Calamita – Inkerman. The total number of the Ottoman Crimean towns remained virtually unchanged for three centuries. In contrast, in the territory of the Crimean Khanate in the last quarter of the 15th and early 16th centuries five new towns were founded. Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlev and Or Kapu were added to two old Golden Horde cities – Solkhat and Kirk-Yer. It were new towns that got priority in development. The political and economic center of Golden Horde Solkhat in the second half of the 15th century would lose its administrative importance and economic influence. During the khan's period it would be called Eski Krym. The main conclusion of the study is that all new towns of the Crimean Khanate (Bahchisaray, Karasubazar, Ak-Mechet, Gezlew, Or Kapu) were not connected with the previous centuries-old urbanistic tradition of local Byzantine or Genoese cities, they appeared in previously unoccupied places, where at best there were Golden Horde settlements. The original urban planning foundations of these cities come from the Golden Horde (in the broad sense – the Eastern) urban planning tradition.

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Graham, Stephen, John Brooks et Dan Heery. « Towns on the television : Closed circuit tv in british towns and cities ». Local Government Studies 22, n^o 3 (septembre 1996) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939608433827.

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Laki, Ildikó. « Communist Built Industrial Towns, the History of Newly Built Towns and Cities ». Belvedere Meridionale 27, n^o 1 (2015) : 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2015.1.3.

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Zablan, C. D. C., A. A. Nerves, A. C. Blanco, A. B. Baloloy, K. P. Martinez et M. E. P. Neri. « SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DECADAL MANGROVE COVER AND FRAGMENTATION IN REGION IV-B MIMAROPA, PHILIPPINES ». International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W6-2022 (7 février 2023) : 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w6-2022-403-2023.

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Abstract. Mangroves are important vegetation that provides coastal protection and basic life necessities to humans and different marine organisms. Studies have observed that mangrove deforestation is occurring in the Philippines. Thus, monitoring of mangrove extent and fragmentation for rehabilitation planning is necessary to prevent further mangrove cover loss. The utilization of free satellite imagery in mangrove monitoring helps in this enterprise as it reduces the need for expensive field activities. Furthermore, it allows researchers to perform spatio-temporal analyses to observe patterns with respect to time and location. This study analyzed the mangrove loss and growth patterns from 2000 to 2020 in Region IV-B MIMAROPA, Philippines – known to house large amounts of mangrove cover – using Landsat 5, 6, 8. Since fragmentation is associated with deforestation, it was also analyzed using the ZonalMetrics toolbox for ArcGIS Pro 2.8. The results showed that Region IV-B experienced mangrove cover increase with only a few cities/towns that suffered significant deforestation. The change pattern analysis showed that most cities/towns were able to strongly preserve the mangroves, with more mangrove gain than loss. The cities/towns are then categorized for their increasing/decreasing mangrove area and fragmentation in the form of a quadrant. Many of the cities/towns experienced an increase in fragmentation metric values over time. However, the increase in mangrove areas in these cities/towns, especially in areas that previously did not have them, suggests that there is little fragmentation of existing mangrove patches, but rather conversion from non-mangrove land cover to mangrove cover. Still, there are a few towns that do not belong to this category that show signs of deforestation and fragmentation, which needs urgent action.

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Shastri, Aparna. « Built Morphology and the Impact of Planning Policies : Case of Small Towns in Karnataka, India ». International Journal of Environmental Science & ; Sustainable Development 6, n^o 1 (30 juin 2021) : 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v6i1.787.

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The morphology of a city undergoes transformation over time due to a variety of factors. One such factor is the master plan. The master plan is a powerful legal tool, the implementation of which has a lasting impact on the morphology of a town both built and unbuilt. The template for the master plans in India is the same be it a metropolitan city or a class III town. The resultant triggers and impact of this master plan are questionable more so in the case of smaller cities and towns. This paper investigates one such small city in the hinterland of Karnataka through a descriptive analysis of the compact historic city and the new developments; the impact of the master plan and the resulting changes. Through the analysis and arguments presented in the study for the reading of small towns and non metropolitan cities we support alternative readings of these towns and cities. Additionally through the analysis of compact city planning methodologies both historical and current we understand how the two aspects; that is small town urbanization and compact planning methodologies can be enmeshed to create new templates for master planning for small towns and cities. Our study is limited to the master planning exercise in the context of Karnataka and Gadag-Betageri in particular and needs to be further explored with respect to other urban development policies in order to be applicable to small towns and cities in general in India.

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Dyussembekova, Zh M., A. A. Nurpeissova et N. A. Tovma. « Analysis of labor market trends in single-industry towns in Kazakhstan ». Central Asian Economic Review, n^o 2 (22 juillet 2023) : 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-2-44-56.

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Purpose of the research is to identify key trends and specifics of the formation of the labor market, as well as to develop recommendations for increasing employment in single-industry towns of industrial and raw materials type of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methodology. The following scientific methods are used in the work: statistical observation; comparative analysis; synthesis; grouping of statistical observation materials.Originality / value of the research. The value of this study is to identify the key trends in the formation of the labor market in single-industry towns of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which made it possible to determine the directions of improving the sphere of employment and employment in these types of cities.Findings. A study of the labor market in single-industry towns in Kazakhstan revealed a decrease in the population in these cities from 2017 to 2021. There is a decrease in the share of residents of single-industry towns in the total population of the country. The analysis showed that single-industry towns can be divided into four groups: large cities (Temirtau, Ekibastuz, Rudny), cities with a population of about 50-70 thousand people (Kentau, Balkhash, Zhanaozen, Kulsary, Aksu, Stepnogorsk), cities with a population of 20 to 50 thousand people (Khromtau, Tekeli, Aksai, Zhanatas, Karatau, Saran, Shakhtinsk, Abay, Arkalyk, Lisakovsk, Zhitikara, Altai), and a group of small single-industry towns (Kurchatov, Karazhal, Serebryansk). Temirtau, Ekibastuz and Rudny are the leaders in terms of the number of employed and unemployed and also have the largest population in the general sense. To ensure employment and sustainable development of single-industry towns in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to continue work on diversifying the economy, reducing dependence on prices for raw materials and developing small and medium-sized businesses. An important role is played by effective public administration in the development of single-industry towns and the digitalization of production.

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Slater, Terry R. « Green spaces in fortified towns and cities ». Urban Morphology 24, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v24i1.4667.

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Ellingworth, Paul. « 신약의 도시(Cities), 동네(Towns), 마을(Villages) ». Journal of Biblical Text Research 35 (31 octobre 2014) : 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.28977/jbtr.2014.10.35.347.

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Lowe, Ian. « Seedy suburbs, toxic towns and sick cities ». Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 28, n^o 5 (octobre 2004) : 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2004.tb00937.x.

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Gabe, Todd M. « Establishment Growth in Small Cities and Towns ». International Regional Science Review 27, n^o 2 (avril 2004) : 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017603262403.

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Hvidtfeldt, Henrik. « Better life in Danish cities and towns ». Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 6, n^o 3 (janvier 1989) : 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02815738908730196.

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Batty, Michael. « Empty buildings, shrinking cities and ghost towns ». Environment and Planning B : Planning and Design 43, n^o 1 (janvier 2016) : 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813515619858.

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Kowalczyk, Andrzej. « Compound, location, township, komboni… – ślady dziedzictwa kolonializmu w strukturze przestrzennej współczesnych miast Afryki Południowej ». Prace i Studia Geograficzne 67, n^o 3 (30 décembre 2022) : 7–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48128/pisg/2022-67.3-01.

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The article concerns the remains of the colonial heritage in the cities of sub-Saharan Africa. Although most African countries have been independent for several decades ago, in many cities and towns the general spatial structure is the same as in colonial times. This applies to cities and towns in the south part of Africa that were shaped by the apartheid system. The article discusses this problem on the example of the capital of Namibia, Windhoek.

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Sokolova, Svetlana V. « Towns of the Russian Federation and Their Contemporary Geography ». Town-Planning Law 1 (8 février 2024) : 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2500-0292-2024-1-18-21.

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Among the cities of the Russian Federation, the so-called small cities stand out, constituting the overwhelming majority (72% of the total number of cities). They are present in all federal districts of the country, which makes their study very relevant. Based on the analysis, the author proposes to ps of ‘exceptionally small’ and ‘super-small’ cities within this group, citing criteria for such identification. The work formulates the features of the placement of small and ultra-small cities in federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and also assesses the degree of their influence. Classifying a number of ultra-small cities as cities of historical heritage allows us to outline prospects for their preservation and development.

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Makarov, Pavel, Marina Sokolova et Aleksandr Illarionov. « AN INVESTIGATION OF SMALL CITIES AND TOWNS BRANDING PRACTICE : A SURVEY OF CITY ADMINISTRATION HEADS ». Public Administration Issues, n^o 1 (2023) : 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2023-0-1-66-88.

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This paper aims to study the practice of city branding in small cities and towns, and to identify the characteristics of this process through an expert survey of the heads of city administrations. For this purpose, the expert survey was conducted among the heads of small cities and towns and their deputies in charge of city development issues. The sample consisted of one representative from 33 small cities and towns in Russia. The survey used a questionnaire characterizing city branding objectives, stakeholders involved, decision-making, brand promotion measures, resources and effects. The questionnaire was developed based on the analysis of scientific and practical literature on city branding. As a result, it was revealed that, with some exceptions, branding practice in the studied cities is weakly related to the objectives of city development and has a short-term orientation. The administrations have a tendency to solve branding problems relying solely on their own resources, which leads to city branding resource constraints. These findings contribute to the city branding research by providing data on the implementation of branding practices in small cities and towns. The results also expand the practice of using municipal officials’ expertise in the city branding studies by attracting expert officials to analyse the management practice of city branding process.

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