Articles de revues : « Circuiti analogici »

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Kiela, Karolis, Marijan Jurgo et Leonid Kladovščikov. « INTEGRATED ANALOGIC FILTER TUNING SYSTEM DESIGN / INTEGRINIŲ ANALOGINIŲ FILTRŲ SAVAIMINIO DERINIMO SISTEMOS PROJEKTAVIMAS ». Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, n^o 3 (29 juin 2016) : 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.935.

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Parameters of integrated analog filters can vary due to temperatu-re change, IC process variation and therefore they should have dedicated tuning circuits that compensate these imperfections. A method is proposed that speeds up switched resistor bank design while taking into account the required tuning range and step size. A novel counter structure is used in the tuning circuit that is ba-sed on successive approximation approach. The proposed swit-ched resistor design method and tuning circuit are designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and verified. Results are compared to existing tuning circuit designs. Integrinių analoginių filtrų parametrai gali kisti dėl temperatūros, senėjimo ar integrinių grandynų gamybos procesų netolydumo. Todėl jiems būtina numatyti papildomus grandynus, kurie kompensuotų filtrų komponentų pokyčius. Darbe siūlomas naujas integrinių aktyviųjų RC filtrų perjungiamų rezistorių matricų projektavimo metodas, kuris leidžia kompensuoti pasyvių komponentų nuokrypius ir užtikrina filtro praleidžiamų dažnių juostos derinimą reikiamu žingsniu. Savaiminio derinimo sistemoje remiamasi nauja skaitiklio architektūra, kuri naudoja nuosekliosios aproksimacijos paieškos algoritmą. Darbe pasiūlytas projektavimo metodas tikrinamas projektuojant filtro derinimo sistemą, naudojant 0,18 μm KMOP integrinių grandynų gamybos technologiją ir Cadence Virtuoso programinę įrangą. Gauti rezultatai palyginami su literatūroje pateiktais derinimo sistemų skaičiavimų rezultatais.

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Brandão, Eric, William D'Andrea Fonseca et Paulo Henrique Mareze. « An algorithmic approach to electroacoustical analogies ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, n^o 1 (juillet 2022) : 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0012886.

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The low-frequency behavior of acoustical transducers can be simulated with the so-called electroacoustical analogies (or lumped parameters). The main idea is that visual inspection of the transducer allows the derivation of an electroacoustic circuit that can be analyzed. The technique is computationally efficient and provides significant physical insight into the transducer. Electroacoustical analogies are taught today in many courses around the world. However, it is difficult to find reading material with an algorithmic approach to derive the electroacoustic circuit from the visual inspection of the transducer. This paper presents algorithms to derive the mechanical and acoustical circuits of transducer systems and how to couple the electrical, mechanical, and acoustical circuits for electrodynamic and capacitive transducers. A number of examples of the derivation are presented in detail. These techniques were conceived from an extensive search of the classical literature in acoustics and adapted to the teaching needs of undergraduate and graduate students of the Acoustical Engineering at the Federal University of Santa Maria in Brazil.

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Zhao, San Ping. « The Micro Fluidic Integrated Circuits Design Method based on the CAD System ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (juillet 2011) : 1930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1930.

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In this study, SPICE program is applied to design micro fluidic circuits based on the analogical relationship with MOSFET models for the first time. A SPICE model of pneumatic-FET is established to express the behavior of them in micro fluidic circuits. Construction of pneumatic-FET model, its optimization, and effectiveness in circuit design and comparison are discussed in the later sections.

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Mbacke, Serigne Modou Die, Mohammed El Gibari, Benjamin Lauzier, Chantal Gautier et Hongwu Li. « Implantable Blood Pressure Sensors with Analogic Thermal Drift Compensation ». Engineering Proceedings 6, n^o 1 (17 mai 2021) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10126.

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Implantable pressure sensors represent an important part of the research activity in laboratories. Unfortunately, their use is limited by cost, autonomy and temperature-related drifts. The cost of use depends on several parameters, particularly their low battery life and the need for miniaturization to be able to implant the animals and monitor them over a time that is long enough to be physiologically relevant. This paper studied the possibility of reducing the thermal drift of implantable sensors. To quantify and compensate for the thermal drift, we developed the equivalent model of the piezoresistive probe by using the Cadence software. Our model takes into account the temperature (34–39 °C) as well as the pressure (0–300 mmHg). We were thus able to identify the source of the drift and thanks to our model, we were able to compensate for it thanks to the compensation circuits added to the conditioning circuits of the sensor. The maximum relative drift of the sensor is (0.1 mV/°C)/3.6 mV (2.7%), a drift of the conditioning circuit is (0.98 mV/°C)/916 mV (0.1%) and the whole is (13.4 mV/°C)/420 mV (32%). The compensated sensor shows a relative maximum drift of (0.371 mV/°C)/405 mV (0.09%). The output voltage remains stable over the measurement temperature range.

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Pan, Naiqiao, Tian Chen, Houjun Sun et Xiangdong Zhang. « Electric-Circuit Realization of Fast Quantum Search ». Research 2021 (26 juillet 2021) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9793071.

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Quantum search algorithm, which can search an unsorted database quadratically faster than any known classical algorithms, has become one of the most impressive showcases of quantum computation. It has been implemented using various quantum schemes. Here, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that such a fast search algorithm can also be realized using classical electric circuits. The classical circuit networks to perform such a fast search have been designed. It has been shown that the evolution of electric signals in the circuit networks is analogies of quantum particles randomly walking on graphs described by quantum theory. The searching efficiencies in our designed classical circuits are the same to the quantum schemes. Because classical circuit networks possess good scalability and stability, the present scheme is expected to avoid some problems faced by the quantum schemes. Thus, our findings are advantageous for information processing in the era of big data.

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Ratti, Francesca, Maurizio Magarini et Domitilla Del Vecchio. « What Is the Trait d’Union between Retroactivity and Molecular Communication Performance Limits ? » Molecules 27, n^o 10 (13 mai 2022) : 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103130.

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Information exchange is a critical process in all communication systems, including biological ones. Retroactivity describes the load that downstream modules apply to their upstream systems in biological circuits. The motivation behind this work is that of integrating retroactivity, a concept proper of biochemical circuits, with the metrics defined in Information Theory and Digital Communications. This paper focuses on studying the impact of retroactivity on different biological signaling system models, which present analogies with well-known telecommunication systems. The mathematical analysis is performed both in the high and low molecular counts regime, by mean of the Chemical Master Equation and the Linear Noise Approximation, respectively. The main goal of this work is to provide analytical tools to maximize the reliable information exchange across different biomolecular circuit models. Results highlight how, in general, retroactivity harms communication performance. This negative effect can be mitigated by adding to the signaling circuit an independent upstream system that connects with the same pool of downstream circuits.

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Herrera-Valdez, Marco Arieli. « An equation for the biological transmembrane potential from basic biophysical principles ». F1000Research 9 (3 juillet 2020) : 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24205.1.

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Biological membranes mediate different physiological processes necessary for life, many of which depend on ion movement. In turn, the difference between the electrical potentials around a biological membrane, called transmembrane potential, or membrane potential for short, is one of the key biophysical variables affecting ion movement. Most of the existing equations that describe the change in membrane potential are based on analogies with resistive-capacitive electrical circuits. These equivalent circuit models assume resistance and capacitance as measures of the permeable and the impermeable properties of the membrane, respectively. These models have increased our understanding of bioelectricity, and were particularly useful at times when the basic structure, biochemistry, and biophysics of biological membrane systems were not well known. However, the parts in the ohmic circuits from which equations are derived, are not quite like the biological elements present in the spaces around and within biological membranes. Using current, basic knowledge about the structure, biophysics, and biochemical properties of biological membrane systems, it is shown here that it is possible to derive a simple equation for the transmembrane potential. Of note, the resulting equation is not based on electrical circuit analogies. Nevertheless, the classical model for the membrane potential based on an equivalent RC-circuit is recovered as a particular case, thus providing a mathematical justification for the classical models. Examples are presented showing the effects of the voltage dependence of charge aggregation around the membrane, on the timing and shape of neuronal action potentials.

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Canova, Aldo, Giambattista Gruosso et Michele Quercio. « Characterization of Electromagnetic Device by Means of Spice Models ». International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11, n^o 9 (20 septembre 2021) : 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0921_02.

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— In this paper, the lumped parameter circuital approach devoted to the simulation of massive, conductive, and ferromagnetic cores including eddy currents and nonlinearity is presented. In the first part of the paper, the circuit analogies devoted to the simulation of magnetic structure coupled with external electrical and eventually mechanical equations are summarised. The two techniques are known in the literature as reluctance-resistance and permeancecapacitance analogies. In particular, it is put in evidence the exploitation of the gyrator component in the modelling of the coupling among magnetic and electrical quantities. The originality of this paper consists in demonstrating for the first time that the rotator-capacitor approach is very suitable for simulations in spice environment and the solution is validated on real applications. Following the circuital approach, the effect of the conductivity and nonlinear magnetic behaviour of the magnetic branches is formalized and introduced in the model. The simulation of the conductivity behaviour, which introduces in massive cores significant eddy current effects, is modelled according to the two possible analogies: the reluctance and the permeance-capacitor model. Under sinusoidal steady-state behaviour, energy aspects related to the two models are then presented and discussed. The nonlinearity is taken into account through the fixed-point technique which is suitable for a lumped circuit representation. The full circuital approach is then adopted for the simulation of the real electromechanical actuator under transient and sinusoidal steady-state behaviour conditions. The simulated result is then compared with numerical finite element and experimental result

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Sindler, Yuri, et Simon Lineykin. « Static, Dynamic, and Signal-to-Noise Analysis of a Solid-State Magnetoelectric (Me) Sensor with a Spice-Based Circuit Simulator ». Sensors 22, n^o 15 (24 juillet 2022) : 5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155514.

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Modeling the non-electrical processes by equivalent electrical circuits is a widely known and successfully used technique in research and development. Although finite element methods software development has supplanted electrical analogy techniques due to greater accuracy and intuitiveness in recent decades, the modeling of physical processes based on analogies has several advantages in some cases. Representation of physical processes in the form of lumped circuits and graphs allows researchers to estimate the system with an alternative view, use standardized methods for solving electrical circuits for non-electrical systems, and, most importantly, allows us to use electrical circuit simulators with their unique capabilities. Of particular interest for using the analogy technique are systems that include electronic components along with components belonging to other physical domains, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and others. A solid-state magnetoelectric (ME) sensor equipped with a charge amplifier is proposed in this study as an example of analysis using the equivalent electrical circuit and simulating these circuits using SPICE-based circuit simulators. Sensor analysis is conducted with an emphasis on noise budgeting and optimizing the sensor’s signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. In addition, the steady state, the phasor, and transient types of analyses were employed to study the static and dynamic behavior of the system. Validation of the model using analytical calculations and comparison with experimental data demonstrated superior results.

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Kiela, Karolis, et Romualdas Navickas. « AUTOMATED INTEGRATED ANALOG FILTER DESIGN ISSUES / AUTOMATIZUOTOJO INTEGRINIŲ ANALOGINIŲ FILTRŲ PROJEKTAVIMO YPATUMAI ». Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, n^o 3 (13 juillet 2015) : 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.793.

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An analysis of modern automated integrated analog circuits design methods and their use in integrated filter design is done. Current modern analog circuits automated tools are based on optimization algorithms and/or new circuit generation methods. Most automated integrated filter design methods are only suited to gmC and switched current filter topologies. Here, an algorithm for an active RC integrated filter design is proposed, that can be used in automated filter designs. The algorithm is tested by designing an integrated active RC filter in a 65 nm CMOS technology. Atlikta naujausių integrinių analoginių grandynų automatizuotojo projektavimo metodų ir jų taikymo projektuojant integrinius filtrus analizė. Modernios analoginių grandynų automatizavimo priemonės yra grindžiamos esamos topologijos optimizacijos algoritmais ir/arba naujų elektroninių principinių schemų generavimo būdais. Didžioji dauguma literatūroje aprašytų automatizuotojo integrinių filtrų projektavimo metodų yra skirti tik gm-C arba perjungiamos srovės/talpos topologijos filtrams. Darbe siūlomas naujas integrinių aktyviųjų RC filtrų projektavimo algoritmas, įvertinantis integrinių technologijų elementų nuokrypius. Jis patikrintas suprojektavus integrinį aktyvųjį RC filtrą taikant 65 nm KMOP technologiją ir Cadence programinį paketą.

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Mogstad, Erik, et Berit Bungum. « Ski lifts, bowling balls, pipe system or waterfall ? Lower secondary students’ understanding of analogies for electric circuits. » Nordic Studies in Science Education 16, n^o 1 (17 février 2020) : 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.6882.

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Electric circuits are challenging for students to understand, and a wide range of analogies are developed in order to support their learning. This article investigates how lower secondary students understand four analogies presented in teaching material for science for Norwegian schools. The analogies compare electric circuits to a ski lift, a water pipe system, a waterfall and moving bowling balls, respectively. Data in the study consist of group interviews with 12 students in lower secondary school, about how they understand the analogies. Results show that students are able to reason about continuity and the concept of current in circuits based on all the analogies, but that the concept of voltage remains a challenge. It seems from the results that analogies relating voltage to energy transfer as an effect of height difference in a gravitational field are constructive, despite the need for the more abstract concept of field. In addition, the results demonstrate that weaknesses in how the analogies are presented may cause major problems for students in building a fruitful understanding. This kind of weaknesses are prevalent in the teaching material studied.

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Szolgay, Péter, et Katalin Tömördi. « Analogic algorithms for optical detection of breaks and short circuits on the layouts of printed circuit boards using CNN ». International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 27, n^o 1 (janvier 1999) : 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-007x(199901/02)27:1<103 ::aid-cta43>3.0.co;2-r.

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Waqas, Maria, Muhammad Khurram et S. M. Razaul Hasan. « Analog Electronic Circuits to Model Cooperativity in Hill Process ». Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2020) : 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.01.

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In the field of computational biology, electronic modeling of bio-cellular processes is in vogue for about a couple of decades. Fast, efficient and scalable electronic mimetics of recurrently found bio-chemical reactions are expected to provide better electronic circuit simulators that can also be used as bio-sensors or implantable biodevices at cellular levels. This paper presents some possible electronic circuit equivalents to model dynamics of one such bio-chemical reaction commonly involved in many bio-cellular processes, specifically pathways in living cells, known as the Hill process. The distinguishing feature of this process is cooperativity which has been modeled in silicon substrate using a pair of transistors, one transistor driving current in the other the same way ligand binding to one receptor site controls the binding affinity of the other receptor sites. Two possible circuits have been proposed and compared to electronically model cooperativity of a Hill reaction. The main idea is to exploit the natural analogies found between structures and processes of a bio-cell and electronic transistor mechanics, to efficiently model fundamental bio-chemical reactions found recurring in bio-processes. These circuits can then be combined and rearranged quickly to form larger, more complex bio-networks, thus mitigating the intricacies involved in modeling of such systems.

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Levy, Florence, et Peter R. Krebs. « Cortical-Subcortical Re-Entrant Circuits and Recurrent Behaviour∗ ». Australian & ; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, n^o 9 (septembre 2006) : 752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01879.x.

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Objective: To explore the application of Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models to biological cortical-subcortical re-entrant circuits, and their implications for recurrent psychiatric symptomatology. Method: The literature on cortical-cortical and cortical-subcortical re-entrant circuits is reviewed and possible neural network (PDP) analogies are described. Examples from the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) literature are explored and compared. Results: A common circuit architecture for at least five circuits was found. Recurrent PDP models suggest that subcortical centres can exert significant influences on behaviour, but their effect will depend on gating processes at higher centres, governed by both feedback (phasic arousal/reinforcement) and synaptic activity at higher levels. The latter can vary around a ‘Golden Mean’ at cortical receptor levels, which degrades when it is either overaroused or under-aroused. The Continuous Performance Task, which models both working memory and inhibitory processing is a useful task for functional imaging of an attentional network. Conclusion: Recurrent symptoms occur as a result of incoordination between phasic subcortical inputs and synaptic gating processes in cortical-subcortical circuits. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and ADHD represent opposite manifestations of recurrent cortical-subcortical processing deficits, with excess arousal in the former and insufficient maintenance of reinforcement and working memory in the latter. These processes may be subject to separate genetic influences at cortical versus subcortical levels.

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Ayat, Mohammad, et Paul D. Teal. « Using circuit analogies for analysis of cochlear models ». Biomedical Engineering Letters 3, n^o 4 (décembre 2013) : 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13534-013-0112-0.

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Reimers, Mark. « Reuse of molecules and of neural circuits ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, n^o 4 (août 2010) : 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001172.

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Hadley, Robert F. « Neural circuits, matrices, and conjunctive binding ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, n^o 1 (février 2006) : 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06329020.

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It is argued that van der Velde and de Kamps employ binding circuitry that effectively constitutes a form of conjunctive binding. Analogies with prior systems are discussed and hypothetical origins of binding circuitry are examined for credibility.

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Körner, Julia, Christopher F. Reiche, Bernd Büchner, Thomas Mühl et Gerald Gerlach. « Employing electro-mechanical analogies for co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensors ». Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 5, n^o 2 (13 juillet 2016) : 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-5-245-2016.

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Abstract. Understanding the behaviour of mechanical systems can be facilitated and improved by employing electro-mechanical analogies. These analogies enable the use of network analysis tools as well as purely analytical treatment of the mechanical system translated into an electric circuit. Recently, we developed a novel kind of sensor set-up based on two coupled cantilever beams with matched resonance frequencies (co-resonant coupling) and possible applications in magnetic force microscopy and cantilever magnetometry. In order to analyse the sensor's behaviour in detail, we describe it as an electric circuit model. Starting from a simplified coupled harmonic oscillator model with neglected damping, we gradually increase the complexity of the system by adding damping and interaction elements. For each stage, various features of the coupled system are discussed and compared to measured data obtained with a co-resonant sensor. Furthermore, we show that the circuit model can be used to derive sensor parameters which are essential for the evaluation of measured data. Finally, the much more complex circuit representation of a bending beam is discussed, revealing that the simplified circuit model of a coupled harmonic oscillator is a very good representation of the sensor system.

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Rocha, Ronilson, Luiz S. Martins-Filho et Romuel F. Machado. « Analogia eletrônica no ensino de física ». Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física 27, n^o 2 (juin 2005) : 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-47442005000200005.

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Este artigo introduz um procedimento para o projeto de circuitos eletrônicos analógicos simples que emulam o comportamento dinâmico de sistemas físicos e matemáticos. Tais circuitos podem ser utilizados como uma aproximação experimental para desenvolvimento de atividades experimentais de ensino, sendo facilmente aplicáveis em qualquer laboratório. Como exemplo, as versões eletrônicas dos sistemas caóticos de Duffing e Rössler são projetadas e implementadas, resultando em protótipos simples, baratos, robustos, versáteis e funcionais.

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Tolmachev, Alexander V., Evgeny V. Sinitsyn et Dmitrii A. Brusyanin. « Transport system modelling based on analogies between road networks and electrical circuits ». R-Economy 1, n^o 2 (11 juillet 2019) : 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2019.5.2.010.

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This article describes a probabilistic mathematical model which can be used to analyse traffic flows in a road network. This model allows us to calculate the probability of distribution of vehicles in a regional road network or an urban street network. In the model, the movement of cars is treated as a Markov process. This makes it possible to formulate an equation determining the probability of finding cars at key points of the road network such as street intersections, parking lots or other places where cars concentrate. For a regional road network, we can use cities as such key points. This model enables us, for instance, to use the analogues of Kirchhoff First Law (Ohm's Law) for calculation of traffic flows. This calculation is based on the similarity of a real road network and resistance in an electrical circuit. The traffic flow is an analogue of the electric current, the resistance of the section between the control points is the time required to move from one key point to another, and the voltage is the difference in the number of cars at these points. In this case, well-known methods for calculating complex electrical circuits can be used to calculate traffic flows in a real road network. The proposed model was used to calculate the critical load for a road network and compare road networks in various regions of the Ural Federal District.

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WAN, Si-Shuang, Han-Wu CHEN et Ru-Jin CAO. « An Analogic Selection Sorting Algorithm for Synthesis of Reversible Logic Circuits ». Chinese Journal of Computers 33, n^o 12 (23 mai 2011) : 2343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1016.2010.02343.

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Rodrigues, Eriverton da Silva, Thiago Alves de Sá Muniz Sampaio et Cicero Jailton de Morais Souza. « ENSINO DE FÍSICA : EXPERIMENTAÇÃO COM ANALOGIA ENTRE A ELETRIZAÇÃO DO CANUDO E O CIRCUITO RC ». Revista Semiárido De Visu 3, n^o 2 (1 mai 2021) : 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31416/rsdv.v3i2.172.

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Com base numa discussão histórica e de acordo com as propostas dos PCNs abordamos um experimento simples que possa envolver os alunos nos conteúdos iniciais da eletrostática e, além disso, que possa ser feita uma conexão de conceitos entre movimentos de cargas e o circuito RC. O uso de analogias também continua servindo como metodologia para o ensino da Física, como por exemplo, para o ensino de circuitos elétricos, o ensino de Óptica e de eletricidade. Isso ressalta o quanto é importante se fazer comparações de fenômenos buscando uma melhor compreensão dos conceitos envolvidos no ensino-aprendizagem de Física. Após a execução deste projeto esperamos fazer com que os alunos sejam motivados e incentivados, sendo estes os multiplicadores do conhecimento científico. Também temos a expectativa de que com uma nova forma de ensino-aprendizagem, associada a utilização de um experimento durante a execução do projeto, demonstre para todos o aproveitamento da Física Experimental para o ensino fundamental, médio e superior.

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Happs, John, et Helen Mansfield. « RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE : Estimation and Mental-Imagery Models in Geometry ». Arithmetic Teacher 40, n^o 1 (septembre 1992) : 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.40.1.0044.

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Analogies are frequently used as mental models to introduce new concept in a number of subject area (Gentner and Gentner 1983). For instance, an electrical circuit can be likened to a water pipe so that students can visualize electricity as “flowing” through the wire in the electrical circuit.

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Wang, Ke, Mirza M. Elahi, Lei Wang, K. M. Masum Habib, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, James Hone, Avik W. Ghosh, Gil-Ho Lee et Philip Kim. « Graphene transistor based on tunable Dirac fermion optics ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n^o 14 (15 mars 2019) : 6575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816119116.

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We present a quantum switch based on analogous Dirac fermion optics (DFO), in which the angle dependence of Klein tunneling is explicitly utilized to build tunable collimators and reflectors for the quantum wave function of Dirac fermions. We employ a dual-source design with a single flat reflector, which minimizes diffusive edge scattering and suppresses the background incoherent transmission. Our gate-tunable collimator–reflector device design enables the quantitative measurement of the net DFO contribution in the switching device operation. We obtain a full set of transmission coefficients between multiple leads of the device, separating the classical contribution from the coherent transport contribution. The DFO behavior demonstrated in this work requires no explicit energy gap. We demonstrate its robustness against thermal fluctuations up to 230 K and large bias current density up to 102A/m, over a wide range of carrier densities. The characterizable and tunable optical components (collimator–reflector) coupled with the conjugated source electrodes developed in this work provide essential building blocks toward more advanced DFO circuits such as quantum interferometers. The capability of building optical circuit analogies at a microscopic scale with highly tunable electron wavelength paves a path toward highly integrated and electrically tunable electron-optical components and circuits.

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Taylor, Peter J., et Ann S. Blum. « Ecosystem as circuits : diagrams and the limits of physical analogies ». Biology & ; Philosophy 6, n^o 2 (avril 1991) : 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02426841.

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Pope, Simon A. « Double negative elastic metamaterial design through electrical-mechanical circuit analogies ». IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 60, n^o 7 (juillet 2013) : 1467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2013.2718.

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Karin, Omer, et Uri Alon. « The dopamine circuit as a reward-taxis navigation system ». PLOS Computational Biology 18, n^o 7 (25 juillet 2022) : e1010340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010340.

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Studying the brain circuits that control behavior is challenging, since in addition to their structural complexity there are continuous feedback interactions between actions and sensed inputs from the environment. It is therefore important to identify mathematical principles that can be used to develop testable hypotheses. In this study, we use ideas and concepts from systems biology to study the dopamine system, which controls learning, motivation, and movement. Using data from neuronal recordings in behavioral experiments, we developed a mathematical model for dopamine responses and the effect of dopamine on movement. We show that the dopamine system shares core functional analogies with bacterial chemotaxis. Just as chemotaxis robustly climbs chemical attractant gradients, the dopamine circuit performs ‘reward-taxis’ where the attractant is the expected value of reward. The reward-taxis mechanism provides a simple explanation for scale-invariant dopaminergic responses and for matching in free operant settings, and makes testable quantitative predictions. We propose that reward-taxis is a simple and robust navigation strategy that complements other, more goal-directed navigation mechanisms.

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Phillips, Reid H., Rahil Jain, Yoni Browning, Rachana Shah, Peter Kauffman, Doan Dinh et Barry R. Lutz. « Flow control using audio tones in resonant microfluidic networks : towards cell-phone controlled lab-on-a-chip devices ». Lab on a Chip 16, n^o 17 (2016) : 3260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00738d.

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Microfluidic networks can be designed using fluidic analogies to electrical resistors, inductors, and capacitors and combining them to create resonant circuits. Multi-channel microfluidic networks show selective excitation that can be used to create pumps controlled by audio tones.

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Park, Chul H., et Daniel J. Inman. « Enhanced Piezoelectric Shunt Design ». Shock and Vibration 10, n^o 2 (2003) : 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/863252.

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Piezoceramic material connected to an electronic shunt branch circuit has formed a successful vibration reduction device. One drawback of the conventional electronic shunt circuit is the large inductance required when suppressing low frequency vibration modes. Also, the large internal resistance associated with this large inductance exceeds the optimal design resistance needed for low frequency vibration suppression. To solve this problem, a modified and enhanced piezoelectric shunt circuit is designed and analyzed by using mechanical-electrical analogies to present the physical interpretation. The enhanced shunt circuit developed in this paper is proved to significantly reduce the targeted vibration mode of a cantilever beam, theoretically and experimentally.

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Jia, Jinda, Xiaobiao Shan, Xingxu Zhang, Tao Xie et Yaowen Yang. « Equivalent circuit modeling and analysis of aerodynamic vortex-induced piezoelectric energy harvesting ». Smart Materials and Structures 31, n^o 3 (31 janvier 2022) : 035009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac4ab4.

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Abstract Low-speed wind energy has potential to be captured for powering micro-electro-mechanical systems or sensors in remote inaccessible place by piezoelectric energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibration. Conventional theory or finite-element analysis mostly considers a simple pure resistance as interface circuit because of the complex fluid-solid-electricity coupling in aeroelastic piezoelectric energy harvesting. However, the output alternating voltage should be rectified to direct voltage to be used in practical occasions, where the theoretical analysis and finite-element analysis for complex interface may be cumbersome or difficult. To solve this problem, this paper presents an equivalent circuit modeling (ECM) method to analyze the performance of vortex-induced energy harvesters. Firstly, the equivalent analogies from the mechanical and fluid domain to the electrical domain are built. The linear mechanical and fluid elements are represented by standard electrical elements. The nonlinear elements are represented by electrical non-standard user-defined components. Secondly, the total fluid-solid-electricity coupled mathematical equations of the harvesting system are transformed into electrical formulations based on the equivalent analogies. Finally, the entire ECM is established in a circuit simulation software to perform system-level transient analyses. The simulation results from ECM have good agreement with the experimental measurements. Further parametric studies are carried out to assess the influences of wind speed and resistance on the output power of the alternating circuit interface and the capacitor filter circuit. At wind speed of 1.2 m s−1, the energy harvester could generate an output power of 81.71 μW with the capacitor filter circuit and 114.64 μW with the alternating circuit interface. The filter capacitance is further studied to ascertain its effects on the stability of output and the settling time.

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Ilia, Katherine, et Domitilla Del Vecchio. « Squaring a Circle : To What Extent Are Traditional Circuit Analogies Impeding Synthetic Biology ? » GEN Biotechnology 1, n^o 2 (1 avril 2022) : 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/genbio.2021.0014.

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Liu, Ren Wei, Zhong Dong Yin, Song Wei Cao et Heng Rui Ma. « Research on Neutral Grounding Reactance Allocation with MCR ». Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (septembre 2013) : 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.997.

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For the arc current generated during the reclosing of the high-voltage transmission system, small reactance configuration compensation and control strategy. By the magnetically controlled reactor is researched. First analyzing the principle that high-pressure single-circuit and double-circuit on the same pole line suppresses arc current, then establishing the magnetron controlled reactor equivalent model in PSCAD, on this basis, establishing simulation using magnetron reactors to suppress secondary arc current circuit under the conditions of high voltage transmission lines , designing and implementing of a magnetic valve controllable reactor inhibition of arc current physics experiments under of a low-voltage experimental conditions analoging high-voltage actual line condition. At last, the comparison of PSCAD simulation waveform and physics experiments of Power Quality the analyzer topas2000 and oscilloscope output verify the magnetic valve controllable reactor to suppress the arc current theory feasibility and effectiveness.

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Wittje, Roland. « The Electrical Imagination : Sound Analogies, Equivalent Circuits, and the Rise of Electroacoustics, 1863–1939 ». Osiris 28, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671362.

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Lakhtakia, A., R. Messier, V. V. Varadan et V. K. Varadan. « Incommensurate Numbers, Continued Fractions, and Fractal Immittances ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, n^o 11 (1 novembre 1988) : 943–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-1106.

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Abstract Continued fractions have a rich tradition in the theory of numbers; e.g., non-terminating con tinued fractions represent irrational numbers. It will be shown that a class of continued fractions possess the property of self-referential decomposition, and their interpretation in the form of non-terminating ladder circuits gives rise to fractal immittances with potential analogies to rough surfaces, thin cermet films, as well as to the internal void network structure of thick films.

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Sekine, Tomohito, Alexandre Gaı̈tis, Jun Sato, Kohei Miyazawa, Kosuke Muraki, Rei Shiwaku, Yasunori Takeda et al. « Low Operating Voltage and Highly Pressure-Sensitive Printed Sensor for Healthcare Monitoring with Analogic Amplifier Circuit ». ACS Applied Electronic Materials 1, n^o 2 (5 février 2019) : 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.8b00088.

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Panuluh, AH. « The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for RLC Circuit : Simple Case ». International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies 2, n^o 2 (5 décembre 2020) : 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijasst.v2i2.2519.

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The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for series RLC circuit has been formulated. We use the analogical concept of classical mechanics with electrical quantity. The analogy is as follow mass, position, spring constant, velocity, and damping constant corresponding with inductance, charge, the reciprocal of capacitance, electric current, and resistance respectively. We find the Lagrangian for the LC, RL, RC, and RLC circuit by using the analogy and find the kinetic and potential energy. First, we formulate the Lagrangian of the system. Second, we construct the Hamiltonian of the system by using the Legendre transformation of the Lagrangian. The results indicate that the Hamiltonian is the total energy of the system which means the equation of constraints is time independent. In addition, the Hamiltonian of overdamping and critical damping oscillation is distinguished by a certain factor.

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Issa, John B., Gilad Tocker, Michael E. Hasselmo, James G. Heys et Daniel A. Dombeck. « Navigating Through Time : A Spatial Navigation Perspective on How the Brain May Encode Time ». Annual Review of Neuroscience 43, n^o 1 (8 juillet 2020) : 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-101419-011117.

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Interval timing, which operates on timescales of seconds to minutes, is distributed across multiple brain regions and may use distinct circuit mechanisms as compared to millisecond timing and circadian rhythms. However, its study has proven difficult, as timing on this scale is deeply entangled with other behaviors. Several circuit and cellular mechanisms could generate sequential or ramping activity patterns that carry timing information. Here we propose that a productive approach is to draw parallels between interval timing and spatial navigation, where direct analogies can be made between the variables of interest and the mathematical operations necessitated. Along with designing experiments that isolate or disambiguate timing behavior from other variables, new techniques will facilitate studies that directly address the neural mechanisms that are responsible for interval timing.

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Burde, Jan-Philipp, Thomas Sean Weatherby et Arthur Kronenberger. « An analogical simulation for teaching electric circuits : a rationale for use in lower secondary school ». Physics Education 56, n^o 5 (17 juin 2021) : 055010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ac03fe.

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Hannachi, M. Skander, Yutaka Hatakeyama et Kaoru Hirota. « Emulating Qubits with Fuzzy Logic ». Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, n^o 2 (20 février 2007) : 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0242.

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An approach for emulating quantum circuits using conventional analog hardware is presented based on the intuitive similarity between fuzzy logic and quantum superposition, as well as some geometrical analogies. This approach has the advantage of being easy to implement on dedicated hardware for parallel processing of membership functions and fuzzy inference, compared to conventional quantum computing, which requires quantum mechanical systems which are extremely sensitive to noise and difficult to extend to large scale systems. Using geometrical analogies and a suitable transformation, qubits are modeled as pairs of fuzzy membership functions evolving on the unit square and basic one qubit gates are modeled as transformations on this unit square. A fuzzy implementation of the one bit and two bit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm is proposed. Physical implementation and advantages, such as the possibility of implementing nonlinear or non-unitary gates, as well as drawbacks of the proposed model compared to conventional quantum computing are shown.

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MacIsaac, Dan. « New Steve Mould Videos on Collisions with Amorphous Metals and Mechanical Circuit Analogies ». Physics Teacher 60, n^o 9 (décembre 2022) : 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0015309.

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Teslyuk, V. M., P. Yu Denysyuk et T. V. Teslyuk. « DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CAPACITIVE ACCELEROMETERS MODELS BASED ON THE VHDL-AMS LANGUAGE FOR THE CIRCUIT LEVEL OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN ». Ukrainian Journal of Information Technology 2, n^o 1 (2020) : 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujit2020.02.015.

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In the article, the basic VHDL-AMS models of MEMS-based capacitive accelerometers were developed. The models were designed for two basic types of capacitive accelerometers, namely lamellar and counter-pivotal. The developed models allow us to determine the source of electrical capacitive accelerometers depending on the incoming mechanical and structural parameters and were constructed for MEMS CAD at the circuit level. The circuit level of MEMS development requires an analysis of the total integrated device electric circuits. For this purpose, all the MEMS components should be written in the specific software systems, which would be understandable for the software system. Taking into account that MEMS devices operate on different physical principles, certain difficulties may arise during the electrical analysis, that is, the work of mechanical or other devices need to be described with the help of electric parameters. In the general case, the method for building the VHDL-AMS model of the MEMS-based capacitive accelerometer is needed construction of the simplified mechanical model, and then a simplified electrical model. On the basis of the simplified models, the VHDL-AMS model of electromechanical MEMS devices has been developed. In the article, the method of automated synthesis and mathematical models using the VHDL-AMS language, which is based on the method of electrical analogies were described. They use systems of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations to determine the relationships between input and output parameters. The sequence and quantity of used differential equations are determined by the physical principles of operation of the MEMS element and the number of energy transformations, which allows increasing the level of automation of synthesis operations compared to existing methods. The results of the basic lamellar and counter-pivotal capacitive accelerometers are also shown. This enables to conduct research and analysis of its parameters and investigate the output electric parameters dependence on the input mechanical ones.

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Bentsen, Gregory, Yingfei Gu et Andrew Lucas. « Fast scrambling on sparse graphs ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n^o 14 (21 mars 2019) : 6689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811033116.

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Given a quantum many-body system with few-body interactions, how rapidly can quantum information be hidden during time evolution? The fast-scrambling conjecture is that the time to thoroughly mix information among N degrees of freedom grows at least logarithmically in N. We derive this inequality for generic quantum systems at infinite temperature, bounding the scrambling time by a finite decay time of local quantum correlations at late times. Using Lieb–Robinson bounds, generalized Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev models, and random unitary circuits, we propose that a logarithmic scrambling time can be achieved in most quantum systems with sparse connectivity. These models also elucidate how quantum chaos is not universally related to scrambling: We construct random few-body circuits with infinite Lyapunov exponent but logarithmic scrambling time. We discuss analogies between quantum models on graphs and quantum black holes and suggest methods to experimentally study scrambling with as many as 100 sparsely connected quantum degrees of freedom.

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Yang, Fang, He Ping Hang, Jin Hui Shen et Ming Gang Shao. « Design and Realization of Portable ECG Monitor with Dual CPU ». Advanced Materials Research 340 (septembre 2011) : 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.451.

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In order to meet data acquisition mobility and convenient requirements of the portable ECG monitor, the data acquisition system of ECG with dual CPU is designed in this paper. The system, in which C8051F005 is master CPU, meanwhile ATmega168 is slave CPU, consists of analogical circuit for detecting of ECG, amplifier-filter circuit, A/D converter and SD memory card communication interface mainly. Experimental data shows that the system has such advantages such as good repeatability, high accuracy, quick response and excellent anti-interference. It can effectively detect and obtain electrical activity of the heart and cope with continuous large memory with SD memory card in embedded system. Strong background noises are eliminated effectively by multi-level amplifier and filter; Un-anamorphic ECG can be acquired and recorded synchronously in memory cards. Moreover, this paper also proposes a preprocessing algorithm for noise reduction so that it can reject the interference by respiration and surface EMG signal.

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HO, Shine-Tzong, Hiroshi MATSUHISA et Yoshihisa HONDA. « Passive Vibration Suppression of Beam with Piezoelectric Elements. An Approach Using Analogies between Electrical and Mechanical Circuits. » JSME International Journal Series C 43, n^o 3 (2000) : 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.43.740.

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Nikolaev, A., et M. Uvakin. « VERIFICATION OF KORSAR/GP PROGRAMMING CODE FOR CALCULATION WITH TIME CONSTANTS CHANGING FUNCTION FOR MODELING XENON TRANSIENT PROCESSES ON VVER REACTOR PLANT ». PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES : NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2019, n^o 4 (26 décembre 2019) : 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2019-4-5-14.

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The verification of the method for acceleration the calculation of slow transition xenon processes based on the use of the similarity theorem were done in this paper. For this purpose experiments with spatial xenon oscillations were calculated by using this method. Two experiments were considered in this work: in the first experiment initiation of xenon oscillations was realized by injection of boron acid in primary circuit and following reactor plant power decreasing, in the second experiment initiation of xenon oscillations was realized by control rod group movement. The calculation results were compared with calculation results of analogical experiments without using calculation acceleration method and experimental data. Additionally calculations of daily maneuvering cycle with electrical power level changing on graph 100-70-100 % Nnom and using calculation acceleration method were performed. These calculations were done for AES-2006 project VVER reactor plant. The calculation results were compared with calculation results of analogical daily maneuvering cycle without using calculation acceleration method. Some conclusions on the possibility of using the calculation acceleration method for calculations of long-term xenon processes were made. The calculations were performed by using KORSAR/GP code.

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Gomes, Daniel R., et Ivan E. Chabu. « A Novel Analytical Equivalent Circuit for Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors Considering Secondary Leakage Reactance ». Energies 16, n^o 3 (24 janvier 2023) : 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031261.

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Single-sided linear induction motors usually appear in magnetic levitation systems of transportation. Since the beginning of such developments, edge effects represent one of the great challenges to overcome in analytical modelling. For almost four decades, in order to simplify the mathematical treatment of border effects, most analytical models have not considered the secondary leakage flux properly. Although concise and accurate in most cases, such approaches have deficiencies in slotted secondaries. This paper presents an analytical equivalent circuit that considers the secondary reactance for both edge effects, i.e., entry and exit sides. The proposed approach uses an analogical RLC circuit which describes the behavior of magnetizing (exit) and demagnetizing (entry) waves, as well as adapted correction factors for transverse effects. By means of an 8 pole/120–175 N prototype, the measured thrust and vertical forces remarkably validate the model for frequencies equal or higher than 60 Hz. The relevance of secondary reactance in such cases can be explained by accounting its influence, specially, in the rise of the demagnetizing entry wave.

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Bonnin, Michele, Kailing Song, Fabio L. Traversa et Fabrizio Bonani. « A Circuit Theory Perspective on the Modeling and Analysis of Vibration Energy Harvesting Systems : A Review ». Computation 11, n^o 3 (25 février 2023) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation11030045.

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This paper reviews advanced modeling and analysis techniques useful in the description, design, and optimization of mechanical energy harvesting systems based on the collection of energy from vibration sources. The added value of the present contribution is to demonstrate the benefits of the exploitation of advanced techniques, most often inherited from other fields of physics and engineering, to improve the performance of such systems. The review is focused on the modeling techniques that apply to the entire energy source/mechanical oscillator/transducer/electrical load chain, describing mechanical–electrical analogies to represent the collective behavior as the cascade of equivalent electrical two-ports, introducing matching networks enhancing the energy transfer to the load, and discussing the main numerical techniques in the frequency and time domains that can be used to analyze linear and nonlinear harvesters, both in the case of deterministic and stochastic excitations.

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Chiatti, Leonardo. « Telling the Wave Function : An Electrical Analogy ». Foundations 2, n^o 4 (8 octobre 2022) : 862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foundations2040058.

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The double nature of material particles, i.e., their wave and corpuscular characteristics, is usually considered incomprehensible, as it cannot be represented visually. It is proposed to the student, in introductory courses, as a fact justified by quantum interference experiments for which, however, no further analysis is possible. On this note, we propose a description of the wave function in terms of a simple electrical analogy, which reproduces at least some of its essential properties. Our aim is to provide a cognitive representation of an analogical type: starting from a classical context (electrical circuits) and introducing in an appropriate way the notions of “wave” and “particle”, we show how typically quantum properties such as delocalization and entanglement emerge in a natural, understandable, and intuitive way.

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Roach, Rebecca. « Epilepsy, digital technology and the black-boxed self ». New Media & ; Society 20, n^o 8 (28 octobre 2017) : 2880–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817736926.

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This article traces the history of epilepsy’s affinities with new media. It draws on interviews with people with epilepsy (PWE) and wider instances of the condition’s representation in the socio-cultural imaginary to demonstrate the degree to which epilepsy has been heavily technologized in the second half of the 20th century. Thanks to common analogies made between the seizing brain and the faulty electrical circuit, the PWE has been increasingly conceived within cybernetic terms: in particular, these subjects have long been ‘black boxed’ by the medical establishment. Tracking this connection across the rise of so-called ‘Surveillance Medicine’ and new digital health technologies reveals, I argue, suggestive parallels between the stigmatized PWE and the data-driven subject of today’s digital environment.

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Ribarič, Samo, et Marjan Kordaš. « Teaching cardiovascular physiology with equivalent electronic circuits in a practically oriented teaching module ». Advances in Physiology Education 35, n^o 2 (juin 2011) : 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00072.2010.

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Here, we report on a new tool for teaching cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology that promotes qualitative as well as quantitative thinking about time-dependent physiological phenomena. Quantification of steady and presteady-state (transient) cardiovascular phenomena is traditionally done by differential equations, but this is time consuming and unsuitable for most undergraduate medical students. As a result, quantitative thinking about time-dependent physiological phenomena is often not extensively dealt with in an undergraduate physiological course. However, basic concepts of steady and presteady state can be explained with relative simplicity, without the introduction of differential equation, with equivalent electronic circuits (EECs). We introduced undergraduate medical students to the concept of simulating cardiovascular phenomena with EECs. EEC simulations facilitate the understanding of simple or complex time-dependent cardiovascular physiological phenomena by stressing the analogies between EECs and physiological processes. Student perceptions on using EEC to simulate, study, and understand cardiovascular phenomena were documented over a 9-yr period, and the impact of the course on the students' knowledge of selected basic facts and concepts in cardiovascular physiology was evaluated over a 3-yr period. We conclude that EECs are a valuable tool for teaching cardiovascular physiology concepts and that EECs promote active learning.

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