Articles de revues : « Church of the Brethren (Pennsylvania) »

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Sommer, Elisabeth. « A Different Kind of Freedom ? Order and Discipline among the Moravian Brethren in Germany and Salem, North Carolina 1771–1801 ». Church History 63, n^o 2 (juin 1994) : 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168589.

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On 19 January 1774, Joseph Müller was expelled from the town of Salem, North Carolina for becoming engaged to Sarah Hauser without the permission of the Elders Conference. On 23 August 1775 Mattheus Weiβ was likewise expelled forwriting a “bad letter” to friends in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and on 4 November 1789, Jacob Bonn Jr., who hadbeen struggling with chronic debt, was expelled for refusing to sell his house and accept a steward for his finances. Theexpulsion of inhabitants for such offenses seems odd in a century labelled the “age of enlightenment.” It might well be viewed by good American constitutionalists as an unacceptable intrusion into the private lives of the individuals concerned. For the Moravian Brethren who built Salem on an ideal molded in Germany, the behavior of such offending Brethren represented a conflict between two different concepts of freedom: that of individual freedom, whichcame to be identified by both the European and American leadership of the Brethren as “American,” and that ofa spiritual freedom, which found expression in the submission to the good of the whole and obedience to Christ as literallord of the community. Historian A. G. Roeber has pointed out that many Germans were puzzled by “the American freedom” especially in the post-revolutionary years and did not always even agree among themselves over its precise meaning. Clearly, however, for many of them it represented a sharp departure from the more communal orientation of German society and government. Even the greater spiritual freedom offered by the lack of a state church was often viewed ambiguously. We can gain insight into the particular meaning of the conflict for the Brethren by first looking at the origins of the Moravian behavioral ideal, then at the way in which the dynamics of church/town discipline illustrate the tension between communal ideal and individual freedom, and finally by considering the specific impact of the translation of this ideal to an American setting.

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Atwood, Craig. « The Bohemian Brethren and the Protestant Reformation ». Religions 12, n^o 5 (19 mai 2021) : 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12050360.

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The smallest, but in some ways the most influential, church to emerge from the Hussite Reformation was the Unity of the Brethren founded by Gregory the Patriarch in 1457. The Unity was a voluntary church that separated entirely from the established churches, and chose its own priests, published the first Protestant hymnal and catechism, and operated several schools. Soon after Martin Luther broke with Rome, the Brethren established cordial relations with Wittenberg and introduced their irenic and ecumenical theology to the Protestant Reformation. Over time, they gravitated more toward the Reformed tradition, and influenced Martin Bucer’s views on confirmation, church discipline, and the Eucharist. In many ways, the pacifist Brethren offered a middle way between the Magisterial Reformation and the Radical Reformation. Study of the Brethren complicates and enhances our understanding of the Protestant Reformation and the rise of religious toleration in Europe.

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Nykvist, Martin. « A Homosocial Priesthood of All Believers : Laity and Gender in Interwar Sweden ». Church History 88, n^o 2 (juin 2019) : 440–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640719001185.

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Around the turn of the twentieth century, there was a growing concern within the Church of Sweden that the church was, to a too large extent, managed by the clergy alone. In an attempt to give the laity a more active and influential role in the Church of Sweden, the Brethren of the Church was established in 1918. Since it was only possible for men to become members, the organization simultaneously addressed a different issue: the view that women had become a much too salient group in church life. This process was described by the Brethren and similar groups as a “feminization” of the church, a phrasing which later came to be used by historians and theologians to explain changes in Western Christianity in the nineteenth century. In other words, the Brethren considered questions of gender vital to their endeavor to create a church in which the laity held a more prominent position. This article analyzes how the perceived feminization and its assumed connection to secularization caused enhanced attempts to uphold and strengthen gender differentiation in the Church of Sweden in the early twentieth century. By analyzing an all-male lay organization, the importance of homosociality in the construction of Christian masculinities will also be discussed.

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Gordon, Scott Paul. « Entangled by the World : William Henry of Lancaster and “Mixed” Living in Moravian Town and Country Congregations ». Journal of Moravian History 8, n^o 1 (2010) : 7–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179899.

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Abstract Members of Moravian “town and country” congregations in eighteenth-century America confronted particular challenges: unable or unwilling to separate themselves from “the world,” such Moravians were often looked at with suspicion by church authorities in settlement congregations such as Bethlehem. These ongoing tensions were exacerbated during the Revolutionary War, when the decisions of many Brethren—most visibly, William Henry of Lancaster—to engage in political activity seemed to confirm the suspicions that town and country congregations had admitted individuals to their fellowship who were too entangled in the world to devote themselves to spiritual matters. Yet it was these Brethren who, thanks to the very entanglements that dismayed church authorities, possessed the political influence to aid and protect the Moravian Church when it was threatened.

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Faull, David, et John Rees. « The Church and Housing ». Ecclesiastical Law Journal 3, n^o 16 (1995) : 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00002222.

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The Church's attitude to housing issues is, of necessity, complicated. At the most basic level, human beings need shelter in order to survive: they need protection from the weather, and from predators, and all human beings need to sleep securely for several hours every day. The Christian gospel enjoins Christ's followers to assist in meeting such human need: “in as much as ye did it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it unto me”.

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Pearson, Carol Lynn. « "Dear Brethren"—Claiming a Voice in the Church ». Dialogue : A Journal of Mormon Thought 36, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2003) : 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45227132.

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Vančová, Eliška. « Žehnání párům stejného pohlaví v Českobratrské církvi evangelické ». TEOLOGICKÁ REFLEXE 29, n^o 2 (23 janvier 2024) : 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/27880796.2023.2.3.

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Blessing Same-sex Couples in the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren. As part of the efforts to protect minorities, the issue of the social status of intimate relationship between two people of the same sex has come to the fore in recent years. This article examines how the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (hereafter ECCB) deals with same-sex couples in its liturgical life. Because of the lack of relevant data, the presentation of the practice of blessing same-sex couples in the ECCB in this article is based on research. The research consists of two parts. The first one is a questionnaire survey examining how widespread the blessing of samesex couples in the Church is and what factors play a role. The second part, in the form of a case study, shows what a worship gathering on this occasion might look like in practice.

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McNally, Deborah Colleen. « To Secure her Freedom : “Dorcas ye blackmore,” Race, Redemption, and the Dorchester First Church ». New England Quarterly 89, n^o 4 (décembre 2016) : 533–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00563.

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This essay considers the intersection of race and religion in seventeenth-century puritan New England by reconstructing the life of a young enslaved African woman identified in church records as “Dorcas ye blackmore” and by examining the efforts of the brethren of the Dorchester First Church to secure her legal freedom.

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Walsh, Tony, Jeff Bach et Sam Funkhouser. « Old German Baptist Brethren : Plain but Different, Part 2 ». Journal of Plain Anabaptist Communities 4, n^o 1 (7 décembre 2023) : 82–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/jpac.v4i1.9709.

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This article utilizes a narrative methodological research paradigm to explore perceived distinctions between the Old German Baptist Brethren (the main Old Order expression of the Schwarzenau Brethren) and other Plain groups. In this section (part 2 of the article) the authors explore four areas of specific distinction: (1) an array of “flat” and unusually participative church structures; (2) a particular understanding and exercise of hospitality; (3) a strong emphasis on the inner life and reflective practice; (4) a strong emphasis on particular understandings of unity and submission as essential ingredients in church life. All these, together with the three areas discussed in the first part of the article, combine to create a distinctive culture and an unusual expression of Plain spirituality and life practice.

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Dickson, Neil. « Hunter Beattie (1876–1951) : A Conscientious Objector at the Margins ». Scottish Church History 50, n^o 2 (octobre 2021) : 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/sch.2021.0053.

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Glasgow was the Scottish city in which the Open Brethren movement grew most profusely. During the First World War, significant sections of the leadership of their assemblies supported the British war effort. One individual who stood apart from this was the evangelist and homeopath, Hunter Beattie. He was the leading individual in an assembly in the east end who launched an occasional periodical in which he expounded his pacifist views. His publication was criticized in a Sunday newspaper, and his subsequent military hearing and criminal trial was covered by the newspaper. Other leading Glasgow Brethren publicly disassociated themselves from his position, which, in turn, led to criticism of them by some Brethren non-combatants. As well as giving an example of the treatment of conscientious objectors during the First World War, the paper examines the positions adopted towards war by both Beattie and his antagonists, illuminating aspects of the Brethren, their social class and relationships to society. It examines how some Brethren rejected a completely marginal status in church and society, but others saw the attraction of the margins.

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SMITH, MARK. « Henry Ryder and the Bath CMS : Evangelical and High Church Controversy in the Later Hanoverian Church ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 62, n^o 4 (19 septembre 2011) : 726–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204691000117x.

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The early nineteenth century saw a turn in Anglican Evangelicalism towards respectability and regularity. The same period paradoxically saw renewed controversy with some High Churchmen while others were more inclined to cooperate with the Evangelical movement. A case study of the early episcopal career of Henry Ryder illuminates this phenomenon, showing that while there were important divisions in doctrine between Evangelicals and High Churchmen, Evangelical innovations in practice proved more radical and controversial and provoked a divided response among their High Church brethren.

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Church, Philip. « Separation from the (Evil) World : 2 Timothy 2.19-21 and the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church ». Bible Translator 73, n^o 2 (août 2022) : 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20516770221097930.

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Separation from the (evil) world based on 2 Tim 2.19-21 is a defining characteristic of exclusive brethrenism, both in its most extreme form, the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church, and in other exclusive brethren groups. I examine this text in its context and then critically assess John Nelson Darby’s reading of it, working from his translation and his comments elsewhere in his writings. Darby misread the text as separation from “evil people” rather than avoidance of wrongdoing, with disastrous consequences. I conclude with some reflections on how his reading of v. 19 arose and on the dangers associated with translation work undertaken by influential individuals working in isolation from other scholars.

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Nockles, Peter. « ‘Our Brethren of the North’ : The Scottish Episcopal Church and the Oxford Movement ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47, n^o 4 (octobre 1996) : 655–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900014664.

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Studies of the Oxford or Tractarian Movement in Britain have almost exclusively focused on the Church of England. The impact of the Catholic revival within Scotland has been accorded little attention. This neglect partly reflects the small size of the Episcopal Church in Scotland. Yet the subject deserves fuller consideration precisely because the minority Scottish Episcopal Church was, by the nineteenth century, more uniformly High Church in its theology and outlook than the Church of England, a fact which predisposed it to be peculiarly receptive to Tractarianism, which in turn exacerbated its relations with the dominant Presbyterian Kirk. The few serious studies of the question, however, have been coloured by an uncritical assumption that the movement's impact on the Episcopal Church was altogether positive and benign. The differences between the Tractarians and nonjuring episcopalians of the north have been overlooked or understated. While according due weight to the affinities and continuities between the two traditions, this article will question the standard Anglo-Catholic historiography and reveal the tensions within the Episcopal Church sharpened by the often negative influence of the Catholic revival when transported north of the border.

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Sztajer, Sławomir. « Bracia polscy a Oświecenie ». Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe 44, n^o 4 (19 décembre 2023) : 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.5.

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The paper discusses the philosophical and theological ideas of the Polish Brethren, a nontrinitarian reformed church in 16th Century Poland. Due to religious persecution, the Polish Brethren, also known as Socinians or Polish Arians, were forced to leave the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and seek refuge in other European countries. Their legacy had a significant impact on the development of Enlightenment thought in Europe and inspired legislators both in Europe and America. The ideas developed by the Polish Brethren had a significant impact on the formation of Enlightenment ideas and thought trends, such as rationalism and deism referring to rationalism, as well as tolerance, particularly religious tolerance, and secularism manifesting in the separation of religious and secular institutions. Moreover, the ideas of Polish Arianism, which fascinated Enlightenment thinkers, became part of the cultural mainstream and were reflected in modern Western state institutions.

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Nyaribo, Omwocha. « COVID, Crisis, Conflict, and the Cross : Making Disciples during a Pandemic ». Journal of Adventist Youth and Young Adult Ministries 1, n^o 1 (2023) : 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32597/jayyam/vol1/iss1/11/.

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Intimate desires characterize one’s last moments with family, friends, or colleagues, often expressed verbally to the hearers. John 17 is one such moment. Jesus passionately, through prayers, shared the desire that His followers be united, for unity in Christ is the essence of soul-winning— the world believing in Jesus (Jn 17:21,23). The disciples of Jesus also contended among themselves concerning greatness. In the history of the Christian Church, unity among the brethren has been elusive. Within the Seventh-day Adventist church, we have witnessed strife among the brethren because of divergent views throughout our history. Such strife is not an emerging issue. One recent conflict was on the church’s position regarding COVID-19 vaccines. This issue has caused some members to leave the church, while others have transferred to churches that accommodate their opinions. We have forgotten the impact of a conflicted church, especially on the spiritual growth among the youth and young adults. This paper aims to discuss the possibility of fostering unity among divergent views and personalities by developing the art of disagreeing while still respecting and being compassionate to one another. To achieve this, the presentation will first appeal to the Bible using sound biblical hermeneutics and, secondly, review the experiences of the Adventist pioneers in overcoming similar challenges.

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Kokel, Susanne. « „Große Unternehmungen sind dringend zu widerraten“ – Die Wirtschaft der Deutschen Brüderunität zwischen Ideal und Reform ». Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, n^o 1 (25 juin 2020) : 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0006.

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AbstractThis essay examines the process of the fundamental reform undertaken by the Moravian Brethren in Germany at the end of the 19th century, building a separate and professionally managed business area within the church. An analysis of institutions, practices and semantics helps to explain this institutional change of a religious entrepreneur. Finally, the case of Sunday work in the church-owned companies illustrates the conditions set for corporate practices by the new institutional structure.

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Nolt, Steven M., et Jean-Paul Benowitz. « Plain Dress in the Docket : Lillian Risser, the Pennsylvania Garb Law, and the Free Exercise of Anabaptist Religion, 1908–1910 ». Pennsylvania History : A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 89, n^o 2 (2022) : 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.2.0227.

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ABSTRACT In 1895 Pennsylvania passed the so-called “Garb Law” prohibiting public school teachers from wearing religiously distinctive clothing. Although aimed at Catholic nuns in western Pennsylvania, the law was first enforced in Lancaster County against plain-dressed Mennonite and Brethren school teachers. The 1908 prosecution of Mennonite Lillian Risser and the school board that hired her was the first case to test the law. Although the district court ruled in Risser’s favor, the Superior and Supreme Courts reversed that judgement and upheld the Garb Law, drawing on the precedents provided by John Banister Gibson, a prominent antebellum Pennsylvania Supreme Court justice whose legal legacy had produced a remarkably narrow view of religious free exercise. Risser’s legal challenge remains an important episode in the ongoing debate over the boundaries of religious liberty in Pennsylvania. It also recalls an early example of legal engagement on the part of Pennsylvania’s plain people.

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Knowles, Steve. « The Plymouth Brethren Christian Church, Media Engagement and Public Benefit ». Ecclesial Practices 7, n^o 1 (28 avril 2020) : 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144417-bja10007.

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This article examines the recent engagement with media by the closed Christian sect, the Plymouth Brethren Christian Church (pbcc). Historically the pbcc have been reluctant to engage with mainstream media, preferring instead to keep their own council. However, the rejection by the Charity Commission for England and Wales of an application by a pbcc trust for charitable status proved to be a catalyst for significant and sustained media engagement. The concept of mediatization is utilised as a meta-process to frame the way the pbcc engaged with media in order to demonstrate how they provide ‘public benefit’ to the wider community, which was crucial to the successful gaining of charitable status.

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Podmore, C. J. « The Bishops and the Brethren : Anglican Attitudes to the Moravians in the Mid-Eighteenth Century ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 41, n^o 4 (octobre 1990) : 622–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900075758.

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Most Anglican crises, including recent ones, seem to boil down in the end to two linked questions — those of identity and authority. Is the Church of England pre-eminently a national or a catholic Church, a Protestant Church (and if so, of what kind?) or Anglican and sui generis? With which of these types of Church should it align itself? Where lies the famed via media, and which are the extremes to be avoided? And who has the authority to decide: as a national Church, parliament, the government, the monarch personally; as an episcopal Church, the bishops? Or should the clergy in convocations (or, latterly, the General Synod, including representatives of the pious laity) take decisions? Anglican crises have always raised these twin problems of identity and authority. In the mid-eighteenth century — from the end of the 1730s and particularly in the 1740s — the Church of England faced another crisis. The Anglican bishops had to come to terms with the movement known as the ‘evangelical revival’. Principles had to be applied to a new situation. The bishops had to decide how to categorise the new societies (or would they become new churches?) which were springing up all over England.

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Laurence, Anne. « A Priesthood of She-believers : Women and Congregations in Mid-seventeenth-century England ». Studies in Church History 27 (1990) : 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840001216x.

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This paper considers women’s participation in the congregations of Civil War and Interregnum England. In particular it is concerned with the idea of whether women sectaries in the 1640s and 1650s had a different idea of church polity from their brethren, or whether, within the confines of the sects, they continued to play the role traditionally assigned to women in Christianity: that of the spiritually inspired, the example of holiness rather than the leader. In short, did women even in the sects remain outside the church polity?

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Kostlevy. « Radical Holiness Mission Theory in the Church of the Brethren Experience ». Journal of World Christianity 8, n^o 1 (2018) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jworlchri.8.1.0075.

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Cameron, Helen. « Seventy years of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (1918–88) ». Religion in Communist Lands 17, n^o 3 (janvier 1989) : 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637498908431429.

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Urban-Mead, Wendy. « Negotiating 'Plainness' and Gender : Dancing and Apparel at Christian Weddings in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe, 1913-1944 ». Journal of Religion in Africa 38, n^o 2 (2008) : 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x289684.

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AbstractThis article analyzes the phenomena of dancing and wedding apparel in weddings of rural members of an unusual Protestant denomination of Anabaptist origins in Matabeleland, colonial Zimbabwe. The focus is on gendered aspects of African Christian adaptation of mission teaching amongst Ndebele members of the Brethren in Christ Church. The church in North America was firm at home on the matter of dancing (it was forbidden), and internally conflicted regarding men's garb. In the decades preceding World War II, African members of the church embraced fashionable dress for grooms and dancing at wedding feasts as common practice at BICC weddings. However, in a gendered pattern reflecting Ndebele, colonial and mission ideas of women's subjection, African women's bridal wear adhered to church teaching on Plainness, while African men's did not.

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Krueger, Karl. « Clerical Collegiality in Colonial Pennsylvania ». Lutheran Quarterly 38, n^o 2 (juin 2024) : 148–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lut.2024.a928353.

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Abstract: A paper written in the 1880s by the German-American historian Julius Sachse was discovered in the parish archive of an episcopal church. The church's archivist made a copy of the paper and handed it to the Lutheran author of this article, who served the congregation as its Sabbatical Pastor in 2023. The paper focused on the ministry of the Reverend William Currie. Sachse also mentioned a German worship service by Henry Mühlenberg in Currie's church in 1750. Mühlenberg described the service in his Journals but did not name the church. Rereading the Journals, Correspondence, and Halle Reports, considering this event, clarified several notable aspects of ministry in colonial Pennsylvania. It is a story of cooperation between Lutherans, Anglicans, and others who worked together for the sake of the gospel in the Delaware Valley.

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Petterson, Christina. « “Gar nicht biblisch!” [Not biblical at all!] : Ephesians, Marriage, and Radical Pietism in Eighteenth-Century Germany ». Journal of the Bible and its Reception 1, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2014) : 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbr-2014-0018.

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Abstract This article explores the use of Ephesians 5 and the church as the bride of Christ within a set of 18th-century speeches to the married couples in a radical pietist community known as the Moravian Brethren. I will show how the text is used to undergird a novel ideology of marriage and community structure, both of which are connected with socio-economic change.

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Heiser, Andreas. « Kirchliche Erneuerung am Beispiel der Freien evangelischen Gemeinden ». Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 7, n^o 1 (1 avril 2015) : 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ress-2015-0004.

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Abstract What does renewal mean in the context of the planting of the Free Evangelical Church in 1854? Heiser argues that the renewal draws upon a constructed ideal of the New Testament church. This ideal is used as an overall concept of renewal. In a setting of political and cultural change due to the industrial era combined with the movement of the Evangelical Brethren Society and influenced by the „Réviel“ rises a model of a community with voluntary membership and congregational-Presbyterian structure. Some systematical views on the understanding of scripture, faith, baptism, Eucharist and ministry point to the still ongoing ecumenical changes of the movement.

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Rozhina, A. « Deans of monasteries in the system of Church administration of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII–early XX century ». Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, n^o 1 (9 avril 2024) : 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2024-1-51-57.

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The paper deals with the study of the role of deans of monasteries in the system of Church administration and their influence on the activities of Orthodox monastic monasteries in the Russian Empire of the late XVIII – early XX centuries. Based on legislative acts and archival records, the author analyzes the scope of activity of deans in the structure of church authorities of the Synodal period. It is concluded that the deans, in accordance with the instructions, as well as the instructions of the bishop and the consistory, exercised direct control over Orthodox monasteries: the composition of the brethren, economic, financial and charitable activities.

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Landová, Tabita. « Keeping the Tensions. The Path to an Open, Inviting, Communicative, and Responsible Practice of Baptism in a Secular Society ». International Journal of Practical Theology 28, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2024) : 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2022-0059.

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Abstract The study deals with the difficulties and challenges being faced by the practice of baptism in contemporary secular society. Based on empirical research on the practice of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, the author argues for an open, inviting, communicative, and responsible practice of baptism that does not erase present tensions but deals with them creatively and situationally. The Church should take seriously the basic inclusive impulse of the Gospel while being aware of its baptismal responsibility, which consists primarily in the subsequent pastoral care of the baptised. The results of the study may inspire those who are involved in the pastoral ministry in similar contexts.

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Siglind Ehinger. « German Pietists between the Ancient Unity of Brethren and the Moravian Church ». Journal of Moravian History 14, n^o 1 (2014) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.14.1.0051.

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Dutton, David. « How the Fourth Statistical Account of East Lothian Recorded Developments in the Church in the County Between 1945 and 2000 ». Scottish Church History 53, n^o 1 (avril 2024) : 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/sch.2024.0113.

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This article will use the Fourth Statistical Account of East Lothian, which was produced by a consortium of local history societies, to provide a case study of how the church in the county developed between 1945 and 2000. Because East Lothian is the only Scottish county to have a fourth statistical account, the study provides a unique opportunity to trace the development of the church within a Scottish local authority during the second half of the twentieth century. The article will use, as its main sources, essays on four established denominations and the sections on ‘Belief’ in each of the parish entries. It will detail how the Church of Scotland, the Scottish Episcopal Church and the Methodist Church contracted between 1945 and 2000; show that, while the Roman Catholic Church was more stable, it began to suffer from a lack of vocations and the disinterest of younger members of the Catholic population, and that, while the Baptist Church increased its presence in the county and Pentecostal congregations and ‘house churches’ were formed, the Brethren and Church of Christ both declined and, as a consequence, these other churches remained on the margins of the church in East Lothian.

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Augustine Odey, Professor Onah, et Dr Gregory Ajima Onah. « PASTOR EYO NKUNE OKPO ENE (1895 – 1973) : THE FORGOTTEN HERO OF THE APOSTOLIC CHURCH, NIGERIA ». International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 10, n^o 08 (7 août 2019) : 20654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i08.723.

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This brief article is a legacy of the authors twenty-five year teaching experience of Nigerian Church History in three Nigerian Universities between May 25, 1987 and May 31, 2012 and his ministerial duties and lecture on Church history in the Lutheran Seminary in Nigeria and the various interaction with other Christian brethren, especially in relationship with Christian students of The Apostolic Church, Nigeria. In this article, the researchers have tried to describe the early history of the Apostolic Church in Cross River State of Nigeria, West Africa, through a brief biographical stetch of Pastor Eyo Nkune Okpo Ene of Ambo Family, Mbaraokom, Creek Town (Obio Oko), who lived between 22nd November, 1895 and 1st February, 1973 (78years). This work is a paragon or model of other similar ones: like those of Garrick Idakatima Sokari Braide, Samuel Ajayi Crowther, Essien Ukpabio, Jonathan Udo Ekong and others.

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Dickson, Neil. « ‘Shut in with thee’ : the Morning Meeting among Scottish Open Brethren, 1840s–1960s ». Studies in Church History 35 (1999) : 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042420840001408x.

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The Brethren movement had its origins in the early nineteenth century in Ireland and the south of England, first appearing in Scotland in 1838. The morning meeting gave quintessential expression to the piety of the members and was central to its practice. In the 1870s a former Presbyterian who was looking for the ideal pattern of the Church witnessed his first meeting in the village of K-. Converted in the revivals of the 1860s, he was eventually to join the movement.

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Glenn, Justin L. « The intellectual-theological leadership of John Amos Comenius ». Perichoresis 16, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2018) : 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2018-0016.

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Abstract John Amos Comenius was a revolutionary leader in both the church and the academy in 17th century Europe. Born and raised in Moravia and firmly grounded in the doctrine of the United Church of the Brethren, Comenius rose from obscurity in what is now the Czech Republic to become recognized around Europe and beyond as an innovative and transformational leader. He contributed to efforts such as advocating for universal education, authoring classroom textbooks (most notably in Latin education), shepherding local churches and his entire denomination, and working for unity and peace among Christians across Europe. Though for many decades after his death he seemed to be lost to time, there has been a resurgence of scholarly interest in the ideas and methods of Comenius. His life and work can serve as a source of encouragement and inspiration to church and educational leaders today.

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Ward, W. R. « The renewed unity of the Brethren : ancient church, new sect or interconfessional movement ». Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 70, n^o 3 (septembre 1988) : 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.70.3.7.

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T.N., Timothy Lim. « Towards a Pneumatological-Ecclesiology : Outside the “Two Lungs of the Church” ». Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 7, n^o 2 (1 août 2015) : 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ress-2015-0016.

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Abstract This paper critiques the framing of the pneumatological underpinning of ecclesiology as an Orthodox-Catholic conversation. The context for the Joint Commission for Orthodox-Catholic dialogue warrants the use of the metaphor “two lungs of the church” by official church leaders, ecclesiologists and theologians to speak of the Spirit’s work in and between both communions. However, I want to call attention to the pneumatological and ecclesiological problems in the use of the image “two lungs of the church.” If the Holy Spirit breathes upon and through the Body of Christ, reading the Spirit’s operation in the church (pneumatological-ecclesiology) cannot ignore, and much less dismiss or absorb (either explicitly or implicitly), the charismas outside of the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodoxy. Protestant denominations, such as Baptists, Brethren, Evangelicals, Presbyterians, Pentecostals and Charismatics are also contexts for studying the Spirit’s work in the churches. The paper concludes by proffering a mapping of recent pneumatological contributions of other Christian denominations and churches to invite theologians to assist in reframing or reconceptualizing a more appropriate anatomic metaphor for the Spirit’s work in and among the churches together.

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Brock, Peter. « Dilemmas of a Socinian Pacifist in Seventeenth-Century Poland ». Church History 63, n^o 2 (juin 1994) : 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168587.

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The antitrinitarian Polish Brethren, from the inception of their denomination as a breakaway from the Calvinist Reformed Church in 1565, had earnestly debated the issue of whether a “true Christian” might collaborate in the workof the sword-bearing magistracy, take part in war, or kill a fellow human being in self-defense. Whereas the brotherhood in the militarily exposed Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with a few exceptions, gave a positive answer, the congregational leaders in the more secure kingdom of Poland for the most part said no. To do any of these things, the latterargued, entailed disobedience to Jesus’ commandments as expressed in the Sermon on the Mount and elsewhere in the New Testament. For Christ replaced the laws of the Old Testament, which had allowed the ancient Israelites to wage just wars and wield the sword for good cause, with a gospel of love and defenselessness. This doctrine of nonresistance the pacifist Brethren, of course, had taken over from the Anabaptists of central Europe, whose insistence on adult baptism they also adopted.

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Anderson, Philip J. « Sion College and the London Provincial Assembly, 1647–1660 ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37, n^o 1 (janvier 1986) : 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900031912.

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The events which together finally resulted in a restructuring of the Church of England along Presbyterian lines had been lengthy, complex and exceedingly frustrating for all concerned. Since the earliest days of the Long Parliament, both pulpit and press had been brimming not only with invective against Laudian Episcopacy, but also with a plethora of ideas about church government. After 1643, having accepted the conditions of the Solemn League and Covenant, the Westminster Assembly laboured fitfully to fulfil its responsibility of producing a new polity for parliament's approval. The assembly conducted its work in the midst of independent Dissenting Brethren who argued for a congregational form of gathered churches in the context of toleration, Scottish commissioners who would not be satisfied with anything less than their own rigid model of Presbyterianism, and a parliament that was generally desirous of a Presbyterian settlement but committed to an Erastian structure that would make its own body the highest judicial authority in the Church.

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Stunt, Timothy C. F. « ‘Trying the Spirits’ : The Case of the Gloucestershire Clergyman (1831) ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 39, n^o 1 (janvier 1988) : 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900039087.

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The political turmoil which characterised the decade from 1825 to 1835 is interestingly reflected in a religious crisis, as a result of which Established Church and traditional nonconformity alike were found by seceders to be spiritually wanting. Millenarian and charismatic movements are often, in part, an expression of social uncertainty. Any analysis of such movements as the Plymouth Brethren or the self-styled ‘Catholic Apostolic Church’ must take into account their social milieu which, at that time, included a great deal of political agitation - for causes like Roman Catholic Emancipation, parliamentary reform, currency reform and nascent socialism - as well as anxiety arising from the outbreak of cholera and social unrest, with several European revolutions in the background. It may not be entirely fortuitous that, when Edward Irving was expelled from his church in Regent Square in 1832, his congregation (not without some misgivings) met for a while in Robert Owen's socialist Rotunda in the Gray's Inn Road.

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Nečacká, Kateřina. « Probe into the Religiosity of the Members of the Roman-Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren in Rusava and Their Mutual Relations ». Národopisný věstník 83, n^o 1 (30 juin 2024) : 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.59618/nv.2024.1.04.

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The study deals with the religiosity of members of the Roman-Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren in Rusava, the westernmost village in Wallachia, where most inhabitants professed to be Protestants in the past. Currently, most of the inhabitants are irreligious, and the local Catholics outnumber the Protestants. The research was based on a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The research shows that tradition is very important for the members of the two churches studied – they inherited their faith from their parents, they were brought up in it from an early age, and never converted. Overall, Rusava Catholics are more active than local Protestants. Relations between members of the two churches are positive, which is mainly attributable to some priests and annual ecumenical gatherings.

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Bem, Kazimierz. « Touching the Ark or Carrying It ? » Church History and Religious Culture 103, n^o 3-4 (18 décembre 2023) : 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-10303008.

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Abstract The story of the Reformation in the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania has been told primarily through the actions of men who purged churches, settled ministers, expelled Catholic priests, and defended the freedom of worship at the local and national level. This article challenges that androcentric perspective, drawing on synodical acts and surviving church visitations to reexamine the religious praxis of Reformed Churches (Calvinist and Church Brethren) in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It finds that, despite the absence of women in historiography, women were involved in shaping the piety and practices of the Reformed Churches from the beginning. From Katarzyna Ostroróg to Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł women not only participated in the foundation of Protestant churches but also actively challenged patriarchal assumptions.

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Chipumuro, Todne Thomas. « Breaking Bread with the Brethren : Fraternalism and Text in a Black Atlantic Church Community ». Journal of African American Studies 16, n^o 4 (8 février 2011) : 604–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12111-010-9157-7.

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Schoeck, Richard J. « The Vocation of Erasmus ». Moreana 35 (Number 135-, n^o 3-4 (décembre 1998) : 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.1998.35.3-4.13.

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Using vocation in its core sense of a call from God to follow a personal path with a definite mission, the author reads Erasmus’ life as the progressive implementation of that heaven-assigned task; he sees no basic discontinuity between Erasmus’ youth as a student of the Brethren of the Common Life, then as an Augustinian canon, and in his independent career as a pious priest busy editing the New Testament and the Church fathers. Even his secular writings, such as the Adages and the Colloquies, breathe the spirit of devotio moderna. His last masterpiece, Ecclesiastes, is a treatise on preaching.

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Nešpor, Zdeněk R. « Bez slávy i bez diskuse, aneb ordinace žen v českých církvích ». Lidé města 22, n^o 1 (5 décembre 2022) : 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/12128112.2326.

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Ordination of women as ministers is an important issue of gender equality and social stratification. The liberally-oriented non-Catholic Czech churches introduced the ordination of females rather early – the Czechoslovak Hussite Church in 1947, and the Protestant Church of the Czech Brethren in 1953. In both cases, however, these were quite problematic steps, and female members of the clergy were long handicapped in comparison to their male colleagues, which the author attributes to the way this fundamental change was introduced in the churches. In the case of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church, this was a pragmatically motivated directive coming from “above”, which was not preceded by any discussion or education whatsoever. In the case of the Protestant Church, this was the assertion of a progressive theological orientation, the protagonists of which had been striving for this change for more than twenty years, however, again without adequate public discussion throughout the church. Both approaches thus caused negative consequences in the long-term. When considering the problematic acceptance of feminist theology and taking into account that when it came to ordaining women, both churches were de facto surpassed by two other – albeit socially less significant – religious groups in the Czech environment, one cannot be completely surprised by the fact that the anniversary of female ordination is not often commemorated, nor celebrated – and if so, then rather due to ignorance.

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Woodbridge, David. « Watchman Nee, Chinese Christianity and the Global Search for the Primitive Church ». Studies in World Christianity 22, n^o 2 (août 2016) : 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2016.0146.

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This article will examine aspects of Watchman Nee's interactions with British churches and missions during the 1920s and 1930s. It will argue that, rather than simply appropriating and adapting Christianity for a Chinese context, as has been claimed, a more complex exchange was taking place. In particular, Nee was seeking to develop churches in China on a primitivist basis – that is, using the New Testament as a model for church forms and practices. In this, he was drawing inspiration from the Christian (or Plymouth) Brethren, a radical evangelical group that had emerged in Britain during the nineteenth century. For a number of reasons, the significance of Nee's primitivism has been played down, both by his admirers in the West and by historians. However, it was a vital factor in the success of his movement and gave an important impetus to the spread of Christianity in China during the twentieth century.

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LILLBACK, PETER A. « The Forerunners of the Reformation ». Unio Cum Christo 1, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2015) : 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35285/ucc1.1-2.2015.art5.

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Abstract: The plague, abuses in the church, and mysticism constitute the background for considering forerunners of the Reformation. They should not be viewed as directly causing the Reformation, but as anticipating in various ways reformational concerns. While some advocated practical reforms (e.g., Jan Hus and Savonarola), others developed theological reflection (e.g., the Brethren of the Common Life). Conciliarism, another reform movement through councils, ironically by its failure, propelled the cause of the Reformation. Finally, humanism, by its return to the sources and Scripture, paved the way as well. In conclusion, it is observed that the division between forerunners and Reformers sometimes is not very definite.

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Sprunger, Mary S., Rudolf Rican et Daniel Crews. « The History of the Unity of Brethren : A Protestant Hussite Church in Bohemia and Moravia. » Sixteenth Century Journal 26, n^o 3 (1995) : 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2543171.

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Hammond, Sarah R. « “God Is My Partner” : An Evangelical Business Man Confronts Depression and War ». Church History 80, n^o 3 (septembre 2011) : 498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964071100062x.

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“‘God Is My Partner’: An Evangelical Business Man Confronts Depression and War” chronicles the early career of R. G. LeTourneau, an industrialist and lay preacher whose life challenges the historiography of mid-twentieth-century fundamentalism as apolitical and otherworldly. In the 1930s and 1940s, every businessman had to grapple with the expanding federal state under the New Deal and in World War II. LeTourneau exemplified theologically conservative evangelical resourcefulness under changing political and economic conditions. Born in 1888 to a Plymouth Brethren family, his cultural memory reached back to the evangelical business activism of the nineteenth century, while his future lay in the fundamentalist subculture that the Brethren did much to create. However, as a businessman, LeTourneau had little patience with doctrines dividing “the world” from the church. He integrated evangelicalism into his manufacturing and managerial roles, and pushed fundamentalist clergy to tap laymen's proselytizing energy. Between 1930 and 1943, the years on which this article focuses, LeTourneau attacked dilemmas that preoccupied other evangelical business men: higher taxes, greater regulation, a forceful labor movement, and the challenge, as he saw it, to uphold the gospel and private enterprise against communist subversion. Business men such as LeTourneau represented the front line of what scholars have too often dismissed as trivial: evangelical politics during the New Deal.

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Michna, Gregory. « The Long Road to Sainthood : Indian Christians, the Doctrine of Preparation, and the Halfway Covenant of 1662 ». Church History 89, n^o 1 (mars 2020) : 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640720000025.

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AbstractThis essay explores the origins and expansion of New England Praying Towns in the context of the ongoing theological and religious debates of 1646–1674. This period spawned significant debates regarding the extent of the Abrahamic covenant, the requirements for church membership, and the nature of conversion. The ministers present at the Synod of 1662 gathered to settle the question of “extended baptism,” an issue where Indian and English concerns intersected. Reformers who promoted a generational vision of church membership emphasized the efficacy of spiritual preparation for younger generations and the power of a broader and more inclusive church covenant. This development benefitted Algonquians living in Praying Towns because theological preparation validated efforts to catechize and instruct Praying Indians in religious matters. Likewise, a broadening vision of church membership enabled some colonists to consider the possibility that Indians might be included within their religious communities. These projects, launched before the formalization of the Halfway Covenant in 1662, presented a tangible example of spiritual preparation in practice and served to validate the conversionary process within the colony at large. English observers found Indian conversion impressive (or reacted with intense skepticism) because most theologians considered Indians unlikely converts, especially in larger numbers. For Algonquians demonstrating an interest in English spirituality, church membership represented a degree of parity with their New England brethren. Tracing the development of New England missions, the pathway to church membership, and the debates on both missions and extended baptism reveals both the possibilities and limits to the inclusion of Indian Christians within New England's religious institutions.

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Rios, Maria Cristina. « The Ideals of Renewal of European Spiritual Movements in the Americas ». International Journal of English and Cultural Studies 1, n^o 2 (21 novembre 2018) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijecs.v1i2.3727.

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This article aims at revealing the connections between the ideals of renewal contained in the European devotions of the Late Middle Ages and those of the missionaries during the first wave of the Evangelization of Mexico. Inspired by a variety of spiritual movements aimed at building an indigenous church and centred on upholding the Law of Christ, these missionaries concur with both the reformers of the Brethren of the Common Life and Luther’s political philosophy of attaining a perfect communitas. This research focuses on demonstrating how the ideals of spiritual renewal articulated by Franciscan mystics and missionaries in the Americas embraced the same theological sources as those used by Groote, Eckhart and à Kempis in the Late Middle Ages.

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Morée, Peter. « „V otázce ‚fenoménu Hromádka‘ je třeba se rozhodnout“ : Vztah Josefa Smolíka k J. L. Hromádkovi v soudobém evangelickém kontextu ». TEOLOGICKÁ REFLEXE 29, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2023) : 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/27880796.2023.1.4.

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Josef L. Hromádka represented for Josef Smolík from the beginning of his study of theology and his active engagement in the Evangelical Church of the Bohemian Brethren as pastor and teacher of practical theology a dominant figure for his theological orientation. His view on the Czech systematic theologian saw a development from a more critical view in the time after the Second World War to a strong appreciation in the 1970s and 1980s. This study examines the evolution of Smolík’s view on Hromádka in the context of the stages of the communist rule in Czechoslovakia and compares it to the views of his contemporaries in both the Protestant establishment as well as in dissident circles of the time.

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