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Che, Xiahui, Pengpeng Geng, Dan Wang, Cheng Fan et Yuehua Yuan. « Integrated decision-making about China's energy poverty alleviation based on system dynamics ». Energy Strategy Reviews 45 (janvier 2023) : 101011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.101011.
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Liu, Jiping, Yong Wang, Mengmeng Liu, Shenghua Xu, Tao Jiang et Yang Gu. « The Integrated Disaster Reduction Intelligent Service System and its Application ». Proceedings of the ICA 2 (10 juillet 2019) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-76-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Geo-spatial information technology can provide data resources, positioning benchmarks, basic framework and key technologies for disaster prevention and reduction. At present, there are some problems in China’s disaster reduction services. Too much focus is placed on decision-making but not on early warning. In addition, the integration of technology, system and application of disaster reduction services is not enough. There is still a lack of a unified understanding an integrated disaster reduction intelligent service system. In order to provide technical support for China's comprehensive disaster reduction decision analysis, from the perspective of surveying, mapping, and geoinformation, this paper introduces an integrated disaster reduction intelligent service prototype system, which is concluded key technologies such as indoor and outdoor integrated emergency location, multi-source emergency data fusion, disaster scene visualization, and disaster model analysis services. Moreover, the integrated disaster reduction intelligent service prototype system has been applied in relevant emergency departments in Tibet and Xinjiang, realizing the integrated sensing, positioning, integration, analysis and service of emergency information.</p>
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Xu, Jin, Ying Li, Bo Li, Zi Zhou Xu, Xiao Feng Yu et Hai Yang Feng. « Data Application Functions Implementations of Oil Spill Net Monitoring System ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (avril 2013) : 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.803.
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Bohai Sea is one of China's major offshore oil producing areas. With the development of oil exploitation, continuous oil spill accidents make serious damage to economy and environment. It is necessary to establish an effective oil spill monitoring emergency system. Based on GIS technology, this paper focuses on the implementations of monitoring data application functions in Sinopec Offshore Oil Spill Net Monitoring System. And it provides a reasonable solution for oil spill emergency aid decision-making system.
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Guo, Jiang, Mei Wu, Kai Kai Gu, Yi Xin Wang et Xiang Ping Zhao. « Research on Cooperative Maintenance Decision System for Power Plant ». Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (janvier 2012) : 6992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6992.
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The cooperative maintenance is carried out of China's electric power system, an important research topic, how to achieve wide-area collaboration maintenance decision is one of the forefront research tasks in the maintenance field. In order to solve the knowledge resource sharing and utilization in the plants maintenance field, on the basis of analyzing the current status and needs of the maintenance network, to achieve the object of swarm cooperative maintenance decision-making, we have established the collaborative maintenance decision system, is supported by multi-knowledge, multi-method, multi-resource, multi-information based on knowledge grid, and also have investigated the knowledge modeling approach. Resource nodes open mutually, share resource information and by the unified management and scheduling of the knowledge grid platform, coordination between each other, provide the necessary services for different power plants, manufacturers and research institutes. That is beneficial to enhancing the diagnosis standards and treatment ability of the maintenance decision system, reducing the diagnosis and maintenance costs, and improving the diagnosis efficiency.
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JING, HONGJUN, Ping Yao, LICHEN SONG, Jiahao Zhang, Yanlong Zhao et Zhong Zhang. « ANALYSIS ON OPTIMIZATION DECISION OF PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE MODE BASED ON ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS ». DYNA 96, no 6 (1 novembre 2021) : 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10332.
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With the rapid development of China's transportation and the improvement of people's living standards, China's highways have entered the peak maintenance period. According to the old road conditions and financial conditions, how to choose the appropriate maintenance technology to meet the technical and economic requirements of highway maintenance and construction projects has become a difficult problem faced by highway maintenance management departments. Therefore, based on the principle of index selection, this study comprehensively considered the impact of various factors on maintenance decision-making, determined four evaluation indexes, and systematically studied the compre-hensive decision-making system of asphalt pavement recycling maintenance. Based on the subjective-objective linkage and probability statistics method, the eigenvalue of the applicability of recycling mode was transformed to the same scale of 0 to 100, and the fuzzy scoring interval of the four bids was proposed. The calculation method of pavement quality recovery index (PQRI) and the analysis basis of economic benefits were clarified. Finally, the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process, and the multi-index comprehensive decision-making method of pavement maintenance is constructed and used to theoretically verify and guide the actual road section. Results demonstrate that the proposed PQRI can realize the operability of quantifying the later operation of pavement. The weight of each index from big to small is PQRI > economic benefit > applicability of recycling mode. The recycled pavement quality recovery indices and applicability of the four recycling modes have small differences, and the proposed four bids interval makes the decision-making evaluation process more simple and explicit. The decision evaluation results of actual road section verify the rationality and practicability of the decision method. The conclusions are important for the maintenance and management of asphalt pavement recycling technology. Keywords: road engineering, recycling maintenance, intelligent decision-making, fuzzy evaluation
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Bao, Haijun, Alain Yee-Loong Chong, Hongdi Wang, Liyuan Wang et Yikun Huang. « QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING IN LAND BANKING : A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION FOR CHINA'S REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS ». International Journal of Strategic Property Management 16, no 4 (19 décembre 2012) : 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2012.735272.
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The real estate industry is one of the fast growing industries in many developing countries such as China and India. The Chinese real estate industry has gone through many reforms from offering housing as part of its social welfare system, to the current capitalist model based on demand and supply. Due to these reforms and the shortage of lands for development in China's urban cities, many Chinese property firms have resorted to land banking in order to secure land property for future developments. However, in China, land speculation is considered illegal, while failure to purchase the suitable land for future developments will hinder the real estate developers’ future business and growth. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision making model for property developments in their land banking decisions and strategies. The paper employed mathematical modeling and Monte Carlo simulation to examine our decision model, and further validated our results by conducting the simulation by using China Vanke Co. Ltd as a case study. This study is one of the first few studies that develop a decision model for land banking in China. It also helps real estate enterprises to make rational and dynamic decision in the current dynamic property market.
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Zhang, Xiao Qian. « The Application of Data Mining in Customer Management of Magazine Editing System ». Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (novembre 2013) : 1048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1048.
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China's commercial magazine faces of increasingly fierce competition in the customer, so it must improve its management and marketing method to enhance competitiveness. It is the key point to strengthening customer relationship management. The study in this paper uses data mining techniques to enhance the management of the customer to explore new customers, maintain overall customers and accelerate the development of the magazine. Through the establishment of large database and data mining, we find useful data and the relevance to support decision-making and better improve the competitiveness of the magazine.
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Abadi, Abdul Muein. « Kleptocracy and Foreign Loan Decision-Making Process : Insights From Malaysia's Deals and Renegotiations With China ». Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 41, no 1 (21 décembre 2021) : 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18681034211058470.
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One the largest cases of kleptocracy is attributed to the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal involving the former Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Razak. As a result of the pressure to pay the debt, Najib signed multiple inflated infrastructure loans from China in 2016. This study analyses the manipulation of Public Service Bargains as a critical variable influencing the foreign loan decision-making of the kleptocrat leader. It concludes that Najib's manipulation strategies transformed the established Trustee-type to kleptocratic-type bargains in Malaysia's foreign loan decision-making process. The post-Najib's restoration of Trustee-type bargains under the new Malaysian government, followed by a series of successful renegotiations with China, attest to the significance of the Public Service Bargains system on the foreign loan decision-making process. This analysis also contributes to the wider discussion on the critical side of China's Belt and Road Initiative amidst a global call for good governance.
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Gill, Bates, et Evan S. Medeiros. « Foreign and Domestic Influences on China's Arms Control and Nonproliferation Policies ». China Quarterly 161 (mars 2000) : 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000003945.
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Over the course of the 1990s, China's arms control and nonproliferation policies have undergone a remarkable evolution. Since 1992, China has signed three major, international arms control treaties – the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty – which it had previously lambasted for years. In addition, Beijing has continued to improve on and clarify many of its previous nonproliferation commitments as well as to adopt a legally based export control system covering a variety of sensitive materials, equipment and technologies. These developments are mirrored by the expanding roles and growing influence of a number of new bureaucratic actors in China devoted to examining its participation in the international arms control and nonproliferation regime. Most notably, in 1997 China's Foreign Ministry established a department exclusively devoted to arms control and disarmament issues. Yet despite these broad trends, little is known about the actors and influences (external and internal) affecting Beijing's arms control and nonproliferation decision-making. Chinese writings on arms control, while growing in number, tend to be descriptive rather than analytical and usually provide little insight into China's policy-making on arms control and nonproliferation.
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Chen, Lina, Tong Yu, Mengyuan Chen et Zhongqi Xu. « Study on Sustainable China’s Pharmaceutical Innovation Ecosystem ». BCP Business & ; Management 19 (31 mai 2022) : 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v19i.650.
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In recent years, China's pharmaceutical innovation has achieved remarkable results, with strong growth in innovative drug development driven by policy, talent, and investment. Through more than 20 years of development, China has initially established a relatively complete drug regulatory system of laws and regulations. At the same time, China's pharmaceutical innovation is also facing many challenges, including policy, talent, and investment. However, compared to the world's leading countries, there is still a gap in the quality of innovation in China's currently marketed pharmaceutical innovation ecosystem. By implementing the concept of scientific and risk-based assessment, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of China's pharmaceutical innovation ecosystem and proposes future directions for development, including improving laws, regulations, policies, and technical guidelines promptly; improving the review decision-making mechanism and priority review mechanism to encourage the review of innovative drugs; optimising the organisational structure, approval process and resource allocation of regulatory bodies in a demand-driven manner to shorten the review time; and strengthening the clinical data.
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Perng, Yeng-Horng, Sung-Lin Hsueh et Min-Ren Yan. « EVALUATION OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES IN CHINA USING FUZZY‐LOGIC SYSTEM ». International Journal of Strategic Property Management 9, no 4 (31 décembre 2005) : 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2005.9637538.
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There is a large demand for and a large profit potential in the Chinese housing market. However, foreign investors still suffer high risk because they are unfamiliar with the complexities of this enormous market. This paper presents the issues associated with housing sales in the People's Republic of China and the applications of Fuzzy Logic and Delphi Method to the prediction of sales performance in China's housing. Furthermore, the study presents the concept of an AND/OR logic gate based model, so that expert knowledge can be converted through computation into the needed rules for decision making related to housing sales performance prediction. The logic gate model is useful for ‘if‐then’ rule analysis, monitoring during the model building and amendment process, and in model maintenance in the later stages of its application. The aim of the described model is to provide a computer‐based decision support tool for foreign investors and contractors in evaluating beforehand the business feasibility of entering the Chinese housing market.
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Wuthnow, Joel. « China's New “Black Box” : Problems and Prospects for the Central National Security Commission ». China Quarterly 232 (10 novembre 2017) : 886–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017001308.
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AbstractChina's establishment of a Central National Security Commission (CNSC) in late 2013 was a potentially transformative event in the evolution of China's national security decision-making structure. Yet, as of mid-2017, few details about this organization and its activities have been released, leading to continuing questions about its likely role and functions in the Chinese system. Based on an analysis of numerous authoritative but under-utilized Chinese sources, this article addresses the rationale, prospects and implications of the CNSC. It argues that the organization is both a fulfilment of a long-held desire by many in China for a centralized, permanent national security deliberation forum and also a reflection of the unique challenges facing China in the 21st century. Contrary to existing analyses, which argue that the CNSC is likely to be focused primarily on domestic security tasks, the article contends that it is more likely to play a major role in both internalandexternal security affairs. Moreover, the article argues that if certain obstacles can be addressed, the CNSC may have broad implications in areas ranging from China's crisis response capability to the role played by the Chinese Communist Party general secretary in the national security decision-making process. The conclusion recaps the findings and suggests avenues for further research.
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Ke, Xinsheng, et Qi Sun. « Study of CSF in China's B2C E-Commerce Based on Expert Evaluation ». Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 12, no 2 (avril 2014) : 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2014040103.
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E-commerce changed the habits of the customers in recent 10 years. Analyzing the changes in customer's demand and the characteristics of e-commerce in China more and more companies commit to the war online. Making scientific quantitative analysis on the factors to each other, the quantitative index system provides a broad prospect for development. What's more, in order to solve the implementation of China's B2C e-commerce, the problem that is badly in need of solving in more fierce market competition currently. Based on the expert evaluation, this paper puts forward the critical factors in China's B2C e-commerce system, using numerical method to construct ISM, so that the CSFs can be got,namely it will be easier for the decision makers to catch the important points during the process.At last the instance of Jingdogn can be the perfect model for the strategies and the CSFs in practice.
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Li, Cheng Bing, Min Li et Rui Xue Guo. « Research on Building Integrated Urban Rail Transport System Model of the Hohhot ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (juillet 2014) : 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1757.
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With the improvement of China's international status, integrated transport concept has become firmly rooted. Integrated urban rail transport system as part of comprehensive transportation has become an important means to ease urban traffic problems, is not only an urgent demand for transport services and residents, but also the need to build a conservation-oriented society. In this paper, for the current problems of urban transport ,research on building the rail transportation system of Hohhot, considering from the city policy, technology, economics, management aspects, etc., demonstrate the reasonableness of the transport system construction, technically advanced and the economic viability and feasibility of construction management while analyzing factors affecting the construction of rail transportation system, thus providing a scientific basis for investment and decision-making.
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Wu, Chenkai. « The Leading Role of the Procurator in China's Plea Bargaining Process ». Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no 4 (14 avril 2022) : 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i4.1093.
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The leniency system for plea bargaining in China is a plea bargaining system similar to plea bargaining in the United States. With the substantial increase in the application rate of the leniency system for plea guilty and accepting punishment, the criminal policy of "fewer arrests, careful prosecution and prudence" has become its due meaning. In China, the functions of censorship, arrest and prosecution are exercised by prosecutors. The burden of powers and responsibilities of prosecutors allows prosecutors to have procedural decision-making power and substantive disposition power in the plea bargaining process, that is, the procuratorial dominance. In the context of fewer arrests, prudent prosecution and prudent detention, prosecutors have greater discretion over arrest and prosecution during the plea negotiation process, coupled with the high adoption rate of sentencing suggestions in practice, the expansion of prosecutors’ substantive disposition powers, and the procuratorial dominance further highlighted. However, we must clarify the relationship between procuratorial power and sentencing power, clarify the status and responsibilities of prosecutors, and further improve the leading role of prosecutors.
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Li, Deming, et Shujing Yang. « The Concept of Higher Education Quality Evaluation based on Big Data Analysis ». BCP Social Sciences & ; Humanities 20 (18 octobre 2022) : 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v20i.2158.
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Higher education, as an important part of China's education system, is the main position of cultivating high-quality talents, which has a profound impact on the social and economic construction and development. Scientific and reasonable evaluation of education quality is crucial to improving teaching efficiency and quality. With the rapid update and development of information technology and the advent of the era of big data, the quality evaluation of higher education is also facing new opportunities and challenges. The application of big data technology to drive decision-making provides more accurate and effective data reference, is beneficial to promote the diversification and development evaluation, mobile terminals, computer equipment and so on can become the carrier of data information, can realize the whole process of real-time collection, to realize the data based on big data analysis of higher education evaluation and decision-making provides the accurate data basis.
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Shengjin, Wang, et Chen Ying. « Influencing Factors Analysis of China Metropolis Online Business Based on SEM ». E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021) : 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123605005.
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This study aims at identifying the factors that affect the development of online business of China’s metropolis from the perspective of innovation diffusion theory. Firstly, nine hypotheses that may have influence on the development of web business are extracted according to the theory of innovation diffusion based on the related foreign and domestic literatures’ review, and a structural equation of the affecting factors is constructed. Data is gathered by questionnaires and sample survey then. Reliability test of observed variables is processed by SPSS, and AMOS verifies the overall fitting goodness of the model. Moreover, factors with affecting path and coefficient of the latent variable are calculated out. Studies have shown that five factors, including changing risk of business model, convenience of the system using, degree of competition from the same industry, pressure from partners and the support from corporate chief executives affect the development of online business strongly. These conclusions provide a basis for decision-making in development of China's online business.
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Huang, Meng Lan, et Yao Xian Li. « City Power Grid Planning and Coordination Mechanism ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (novembre 2012) : 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.464.
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As the asset belongs to relations reasons, among China's urban power grid planning and municipal planning, lack of coordination, to some extent, restricted the construction and development of the urban grid, thus constraining the urban social and economic development. According to the characteristics of network planning and urban planning, both the coordinated planning processed. Design a set of network planning and urban planning the coordinated development of comprehensive evaluation index system, the combination of G1 method, entropy method, layer by layer Scatter comprehensive evaluation model, and five typical city grid with the city and coordinated planning empirical analysis and evaluation, to prove the accuracy of the evaluation model The city grid and urban planning, coordination mechanisms and evaluation model for the coordinated planning of China's urban power grids to provide a scientific basis for decision making.
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Tang, Jianzhong, et Laurence J. C. Ma. « Evolution of Urban Collective Enterprises in China ». China Quarterly 104 (décembre 1985) : 614–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000033336.
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China's economy has been undergoing major changes since 1979 that are beginning to affect both the structure and performance of her economic system. Although the changes have been carried out largely on an exploratory and experimental basis, they promise to infuse greater management flexibility into some units of production. China's economic system has been greatly influenced both by excessive administrative control that has tended to slow down the processes of decision-making and production adjustment, and by ideological mandates that predetermined the forms and functions of the national economic system. The new economic order being shaped was formally sanctioned by the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing between 18 and 22 December 1978, which called for the adoption of a series of major new economic measures to relax the central government's tight grip on production units. Such tight control has left most, if not all, production enterprises with little management authority and has to a large extent hindered the performance of the economy as a whole.
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Zhang, Ying. « Study on Corporate Environmental Performance Evaluation Based on Circular Economy ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (octobre 2014) : 1815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1815.
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The enterprise is the main body of the market economy, impact of business activities on the environment is multifaceted, the effective management of the environmental performance of enterprises is the basis of circular economy construction, social sustainable development implementation. This article is based on theory of circular economy and sustainable development, analysis of existing problems and shortcomings of enterprise performance evaluation, combined with China's reality, discusses the value orientation of corporate environmental performance management and performance evaluation of the target under the Circular Economy , research building enterprise environmental performance evaluation system, in order to provide reference for decision-making and practice of enterprises.
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Cai, Ru, et Xinping Zhang. « An Empirical Study on the Impact of Individual Local Political Elites and Decision-Making Collective on Educational Fiscal Expenditure in China ». Best Evidence in Chinese Education 7, no 2 (30 mars 2021) : 961–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/bece.21.or023.
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Under the current decentralization system in China, individual characteristics of the local political elites and collective characteristics of the standing committees of the local party have an impact on local education fiscal policy. Yet published research on the similarities and differences between the collective influence of the Standing committee and the individual influence of the political elite are lacking. To address this gap in the literature, our study discussed the impact of local political elites represented by the mayor and the secretary and the collective of standing committees of the local party on education fiscal expenditure. We construct multiple regression models and analyze the R2 Change of variables is based on the cross-sectional data from 2015 of 283 prefecture-level administrative units in China. We find that both political elites and the standing committees have significant impacts on fiscal expenditure in education, and that the influence of the latter is greater than that of the former. The effect of individual characteristics and collective characteristics on education fiscal expenditure is not completely consistent across prefectures. China's prefectural governments implement China's unique principle of democratic centralism when they make decisions on local spending for education and the collective decision-making under the leadership of the committee plays an important role in education fiscal expenditure. Based on this, we put forward policy suggestions to further develop the principle of democratic centralism and to optimize optimizing the local government education supply and evaluation mechanism.
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Lin, Xia, Fei Bai, Lanting Lv et Xiaoxiao Qin. « OP72 HTA Beyond 2020 In China： HB-HTA Rising Up In Tertiary Hospitals ». International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019) : 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319001302.
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IntroductionHealth technology assessment (HTA) was introduced into China more than 20 years ago and has developed rapidly recently. While only recently has the concept of hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) attracted attention in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of government officials, decision makers and relevant stakeholders in the management and application of medical technologies in hospitals, within the environment of Health System Reform in China. We analysed the current situation and identified obstacles and prospects of HB-HTA in Chinese tertiary hospitals.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews in 8 provinces in Eastern, Central and Western China; in 2 to 4 tertiary public hospitals in each province. We interviewed doctors, nurses, and Chiefs in hospitals, and key informants in the National Center for Medical Service Administration.ResultsA total of 98 people participated in the panel discussions and interviews. We found that: 1.China's tertiary public hospitals have embraced HB-HTA, and various hospitals have performed different forms of HB-HTA (including ambassador model, Mini-HTA model, and internal committee model). However, the assessment process, standards, and methods are yet to be standardized.2.The promotion of HB-HTA in China's tertiary public hospitals has remarkable external incentives and internal advantages.3.The lack of HB-HTA professionals, improvements in cognition level, and evidence-based decision-making models and management culture hinders the development of HB-HTA in China.ConclusionsHB-HTA is in high demand in China, especially in tertiary hospitals. It will continue to develop rapidly over the next decade along with the development of China's HTA. HB-HTA will complement the national HTA to jointly extend the Chinese HTA system.
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ZENG, QINGJIE. « Party Institutions and Authoritarian Power-Sharing : Evidence from China's Provincial Leader Appointment ». Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no 2 (22 mai 2018) : 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146810991800004x.
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AbstractRecent scholarship of comparative authoritarianism suggests that party institutions contribute to regime resilience by facilitating power-sharing among the party elites and preventing the paramount leaders’ abuse of power that undermines political stability. Existing studies tend to focus on the empirical association between party organizations and regime resilience, whereas the actual effects of institutions on elite behavior receive less attention. This paper conducts an in-depth study of China's appointment system to examine whether the CCP's power-sharing institutions indeed constrain the person- nel authority of the party's paramount leader. Using a unique dataset of provincial leadership appointment from 1992 to 2014, the empirical analysis reveals that the General Secretary enjoys what can be described as ‘constrained supremacy’ in the making of personnel decisions: the leader can boost his own position by providing favorable treatment to key supporters, but the formal arrangement of collective decision-making constrains rampant reward of patronage that would unsettle the balance among the regime's top elites. The findings of the paper lay bare the diffculty of capturing the inner workings of authoritarian politics with broad, cross-national indicators of regime type; they also illustrate the complicated interaction between formal institutions and informal, personal logic of exercising power in authoritarian regimes.
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Cui, Moyang, Yunpeng Yang, Shuai Liu et Yunhan Liu. « Research on the Evaluation of Cross-regional Environmental Collaborative Governance Ability—Take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as an example ». Region - Educational Research and Reviews 2, no 4 (13 novembre 2020) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v2i4.204.
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The cross-regional environmental collaborative governance capability evaluation problem is a heterogeneous multi-attribute decision-making problem. In response to this problem, this paper first constructed a cross-regional environmental collaborative governance capability evaluation index system, including five dimensions, involving 25 specific indicators with heterogeneous multi-attribute characteristics. Then it designed a heterogeneous multi-attribute decision-making model to calculate the relative closeness, and then used closeness to construct a value function to determine the weight index of each attribute. Finally, an empirical study was conducted on the urban agglomeration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China. After years of environmental governance, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has gradually formed comprehensive environmental management measures against air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution and ecological environmental damage. Using the data of 13 cities from 2010 to 2018, the weight calculation and comprehensive index calculation of the environmental collaborative governance capability index of China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional urban agglomeration were carried out. The evaluation methods and results provide a scientific basis for the selection of comprehensive governance measures for cross-regional environmental collaborative governance.
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Zhang, Sujuan, et Yanfeng Wang. « Analysis of Innovation and Development of China's IVD Industry in the Age of Big Data ». BCP Business & ; Management 27 (6 septembre 2022) : 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v27i.1981.
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At present, about two-thirds of global medical decision-making was based on diagnosis, and in vitro diagnosis (IVD) was an important part of the process of preventing diagnosis and treatment of diseases. According to a report by Markets in December 2016, the total global IVD market in 2016 reached US$60.22 billion. It was expected to grow rapidly at a compound annual growth rate of 5.5% from 2016 to 2021. By 2021, it will reach US$78.74 billion, of which China is the fastest growing market in the world. This paper summarized the problems encountered in the IVD core technology system and the development status of IVD industry in China, and proposes feasible countermeasures for the innovation development of IVD industry in China.
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Fang, Xiang Dong, et Hong Wei Qin. « Research on Large Exhibition Venue Operation Management Integrated IT System ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (mai 2014) : 6023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6023.
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As started late, China's large exhibition venue industry lags behind the developed countries in the exhibition venue construction and management concepts, and lacks of integrated management over the full cycle of large exhibition venue projects, therefore, decision-making, implementation and operational phases are disjointed with each other and all sorts of drawbacks exist, meanwhile, the overall optimization of social, environmental and economic benefits and win-win situation between stakeholders are unable to be realized. This paper takes large exhibition venue project full cycle integrated management model as object of research and discusses the reason mechanism, connotation, organizational methods and information system of the integrated management. Focusing on large exhibition venue project operation, this paper makes a research and analysis on venue project full cycle integrated management information system demands, and proposes information integration transformation models (including integration relationship model, integration element model and integration mapping model) and comprehensively designs the system basic function framework, hierarchical framework and overall running framework, and also proposes key technologies used to realize the system.
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Yang, Junze, Yu Poems Wei, Xinyi Li, Jiyun Luo et Xuan Jiang. « Research on optimization of enterprise economic management model based on performance appraisal ». BCP Business & ; Management 31 (5 novembre 2022) : 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v31i.2656.
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The performance appraisal system and various appraisal methods have no absolute advantages or disadvantages. They must be combined with the specific characteristics of the enterprise and meet the actual needs of the enterprise. With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, China's market economy has achieved great development, but there are also increasingly serious challenges. As the main body in the market economic activities in China, enterprises must actively optimize their economic management mode if they want to effectively cope with these challenges and maximize their own interests. Effective and reasonable management is a prerequisite for the development of an enterprise. Among them, performance appraisal is of great decision-making significance to business management.
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Zhang, H., J. Jiang, W. Huang et L. Yang. « DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CROWDSOURCING BASED CHINA'S NATIONAL PUBLIC GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION COLLECTION SYSTEM ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (5 juin 2019) : 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1621-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As the basis of public geospatial information service, geospatial information data with wide coverage, strong timeliness, rich content and high positioning accuracy is the key infrastructure of geospatial infrastructure for building smart cities and digital China. How to collect and update massive geospatial information resources fast and efficiently has always been the bottleneck for the rapid development of surveying and mapping geospatial information science and technology and industries, and the construction of China's national spatial data infrastructure. At present, the mainstream of geospatial data collecting and updating in China is that the government and enterprise employ professional engineers to for this work, but the problems of professional and complex data processing process, data management level by level, closed and off-line data update mode lead to a relatively slow update rate and poor data actuality, which seriously restricted the applications of geospatial information service in the fields of government decision-making, planning and construction, resource and environment monitoring, and emergency response. The contributions to the geospatial information data from the public community has also been ignored. This paper addresses the issues of low efficiency on data collection and update occurring in China's national geospatial information service platform, proposing a solution for public geospatial data collection and update based on crowdsourcing. The key technologies of data collection, storage, reviews and publication are studied, and the basic technical process of online data update for the government and the public users is designed. In order to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the mode discussed above, a prototype system is developed by expanding China's national geospatial information service platform, which fulfilled data online collection and reviewing, such as POIs, roads, and residential areas. The system can provide new methods and reference ideas for the collection and update of spatial data for the national geospatial information public service platform. It is a useful supplement to the current spatial data collection and update, and has important significances.</p>
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He, Ziyi, Chen Yang et Mengmeng Chen. « Analysis of Obstacles in Marketing of Small and Medium-sized New Energy Enterprises Based on Fuzzy-DEMATEL Model ». Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 22 (7 décembre 2022) : 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v22i.3295.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the vigorous development of technological revolution and industrial transformation, new energy enterprises have undergone historic changes. In order to speed up the transformation of small and medium-sized new energy enterprises and improve their market competitiveness, this paper studies the marketing obstacles of small and medium-sized new energy enterprises. Through literature review and investigation, this paper determines 22 indicators that affect the marketing of China's new energy enterprises, constructs the method of Fuzzy-DEMATEL (Fuzzy Decision Laboratory Analysis), reduces the defects of subjective scoring through Fuzzy method, and calculates the relationship between the influencing factors in the index system based on DEMATEL. The results show that the key factors hindering the marketing of new energy enterprises are the irrationality of making relevant decisions, the lack of a complete system of marketing management, the lack of awareness of marketing management, and the imperfect marketing system.
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WANG, Feng. « China's Regulatory Framework for Dynamic and Personalized Pricing in the Digital Economy ». International Journal of Social Science Studies 10, no 1 (5 novembre 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v10i1.5370.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Under the Chinese legal system, in principle, there is no objection to dynamic and personalized pricing of enterprises. Dynamic pricing does not involve the processing of personal information, and consumers have a higher perception of price fairness, it is seldom concerned by laws and policies. Personalized pricing involves the processing of personal information, and consumers generally feel that the price is unfair and difficult to accept, so it is the focus of legal regulation. Enterprises face three obstacles in implementing personalized pricing. First, in terms of personal information protection, enterprises should abide by the provisions on personal consent and automatic decision-making in the Personal Information Protection Law. Second, in the aspect of anti-monopoly, enterprises should abide by the provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law, and cannot achieve collusion through algorithms and abuse market dominance to implement differential treatment for trading counterparts. Third, in the protection of consumers' rights and interests, enterprises should respect the Price Law and other laws, and cannot commit price fraud and price discrimination. The current law on dynamic and personalized pricing is not perfect. In the future, we can protect consumers' rights and interests mainly by strengthening enterprises' obligation of providing information.
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Zhou, Qiang. « Analysis on Building Information-Based Platform in University Health Education ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (septembre 2013) : 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.377.
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Through the purpose of health education and the concept of educating people, this paper analyses the core philosophies that educate people to foster health awareness and to develop good exercise behavior lifestyle. On this basis we build the platform for a health education information system. In the macro view a comprehensive and efficient integration of health education resources for colleges and universities is an innovation to the traditional health education system and is a true necessity to learn because of the need of the principles of individualized education. A conclusion is drawn that in establishing a college health education information system platform could provide reference for the college education of future information technology and provide effective information security reference for China's reform and development of health education. It could improve the quality of comprehensive health education colleges and enhance the level of health education in management and decision-making in colleges and universities.
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Tyner, Adam, et Yuan Ren. « THEHUKOUSYSTEM, RURAL INSTITUTIONS, AND MIGRANT INTEGRATION IN CHINA ». Journal of East Asian Studies 16, no 3 (8 septembre 2016) : 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2016.18.
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AbstractThis article presents evidence that factors in rural areas influence migrant integration into China's cities. We argue that the value of the rural registration influences migrants' decision-making and identities by creating a cost to registration transfer to the city, and that the rural land system interacts with the household registration system to inhibit migrant integration. We test novel hypotheses derived from a simple model of migrant integration, finding connections between rural sending area factors and migrant integration in the city. We test these hypotheses using survey data from two surveys of rural-to-urban migrant workers and publicly available economic data. We find that migrants from areas with higher levels of economic development are less likely to desire registration transfer to the city. We also find that landholding and weaker rural and rights are associated with lower levels of social integration in the city.
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Song, Yanan, et Xiaolong Hua. « Implementation of Data Mining Technology in Bonded Warehouse Inbound and Outbound Goods Trade ». Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 34, no 3 (mai 2022) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.291511.
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For the taxed goods, the actual freight is generally determined by multiplying the allocated freight for each KG and actual outgoing weight based on the outgoing order number on the outgoing bill. Considering the conventional logistics is insufficient to cope with the rapid response of e-commerce orders to logistics requirements, this work discussed the implementation of data mining technology in bonded warehouse inbound and outbound goods trade. Specifically, a bonded warehouse decision-making system with data warehouse, conceptual model, online analytical processing system, human-computer interaction module and WEB data sharing platform was developed. The statistical query module can be used to perform statistics and queries on warehousing operations. After the optimization of the whole warehousing business process, it only takes 19.1 hours to get the actual freight, which is nearly one third less than the time before optimization. This study could create a better environment for the development of China's processing trade.
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Wang, Cui, Fan Liu et Yuan Wang. « Emergy-based comparative analysis of an ecological economy in the Yangtze River Delta ». Environmental Engineering Research 28, no 1 (20 janvier 2022) : 210325–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.325.
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The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) has abundant regional advantages. Its rapid economic development plays an essential strategic role in China's overall growth; however, this place significantly pressurized on resources and the environment. Accordingly, this study developed an evaluation index and system of sustainable development for a green economic system based on the emergy theory. Moreover, comparative analyses were made according to the present ecological–socioeconomic systems of the YRD. The results indicated a large gap between the production efficiencies of the three provinces and a single city in the YRD. The highest emergy yield ratio was in Anhui Province, but the corresponding emergy yield per capita and emergy output density was the lowest; the environmental load ratios were all > 10, which is considered a high load; the sustainable development indices were all < 1, which represents a state of unsustainable development. According to the present research results, suggestions for the sustainable development of the YRD were put forth here. This research provides theoretical and methodological support for the sustainable development of an ecological economy in the YRD. It can serve as a decision-making reference for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.
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Ke, Yongjian, ShouQing Wang, Albert P. C. Chan et Esther Cheung. « Understanding the risks in China's PPP projects : ranking of their probability and consequence ». Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 18, no 5 (6 septembre 2011) : 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699981111165176.
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PurposeBased on the Chinese government's increased public‐private partnership (PPP) experience in the last decade, they have made a lot of efforts to improve the investment environment. This paper hence aims to conduct a more up‐to‐date evaluation of the potential risks in China's PPP projects.Design/methodology/approachAs part of a comprehensive research looking at implementing PPP, a two‐round Delphi survey was conducted with experienced practitioners to identify the key risks that could be encountered in China's PPP projects. The probability of occurrence and severity of the consequence for the selected risks were derived from the surveys and used to calculate their relative risk significance index score.FindingsThe results showed that the top ten risks identified according to their risk significance index score are: government's intervention; poor political decision making; financial risk; government's reliability; market demand change; corruption; subjective evaluation; interest rate change; immature juristic system; and inflation. Further analysis was conducted on these risks so that the possible consequence, the most impacted parties, and the preferred allocation are discussed. Recommendations on commercial principles or contract terms between the Chinese government and private consortium are also provided.Originality/valueThese up‐to‐date findings concerning the probability and consequence of key risks would provide a valuable reference for private investors who are planning to invest in infrastructure projects in China.
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Balla, Steven J., et Zhou Liao. « Online Consultation and Citizen Feedback in Chinese Policymaking ». Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no 3 (septembre 2013) : 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200306.
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In recent years, the Chinese government has increasingly utilised online consultation as a means of providing citizens with opportunities to offer feedback on draft laws and regulations. As little is known about the operation of online consultation, this article analyses the content of citizen feedback submitted on a revision to China's health system proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission. Citizen engagement with the political and substantive issues under consideration is crucial if online consultation is to impact government decision-making and enhance the performance of laws and regulations. This paper's main findings are that it was common for comments to address substantive issues in great depth, as well as express negative assessments of government decisions. This suggests that online consultation holds promise as an instrument of governance reform, which the Chinese Communist Party has embraced as a means of cultivating popular support.
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Devereaux, Abigail, et Linan Peng. « Give us a little social credit : to design or to discover personal ratings in the era of Big Data ». Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no 3 (15 janvier 2020) : 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000754.
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AbstractIn 2014, the State Council of the Chinese Communist Party announced the institution of a social credit system by 2020, a follow-up to a similar statement on the creation of a social credit system issued by the State Council in 2007. Social credit ratings of the type being developed by the State Council in partnership with Chinese companies go beyond existing financial credit ratings in an attempt to project less-tangible personal characteristics like trustworthiness, criminal tendencies, and group loyalty onto a single scale. The emergence of personal credit ratings is enabled by Big Data, automated decision-making processes, machine learning, and facial recognition technology. It is quite likely that various kinds of personal and social credit ratings shall become reality in the near future. We explore China's version of its social credit system so far, compare the welfare and epistemological qualities of an ecology of personal ratings emanating from polycentric sources versus a social credit rating, and discuss whether a social credit system in an ideologically driven state is less a tool to maximize social welfare through trustworthiness provision and more a method of preventing and punishing deviance from a set of party-held ideological values.
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Cai, Zhenjun. « Heterogeneity of Total Factor Productivity of Export Tobacco Enterprises Under the Link of Tobacco Production Scheduling ». Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no 4 (31 juillet 2021) : 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.4.5.
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Objectives: The production scheduling of tobacco enterprises belongs to the production arrangement level, that is, to the decision-making management level. Production scheduling chain management started relatively late in tobacco enterprises. Methods: By combining TFP and production scheduling chain through scheduling coordination function, they can achieve the same goal of organic link. This can enable tobacco enterprises to develop products with excellent quality and stable performance, so as to improve the export volume and create considerable economic benefits. Results: The TFP (total factor productivity) of enterprises from the perspective of heterogeneity to test the applicability of the new trade theory to China's agricultural export enterprises. It measures the TFP and its heterogeneity from the micro enterprise level, and shows that the average increasing rate TFP of China's agricultural export enterprises is 4.2%. At the regional level, the TFP growth rate in the western region is the highest. The TFP of state-owned enterprises is the lowest, with an average increasing rate of 6.6%. Conclusion: More attention should be paid to the active introduction of new factors to accelerate the establishment and development of a modern tobacco system. Moreover, advanced factors of the Internet, digitization, and intelligence should be combined to promote an in-depth integration of the producer services, advanced manufacturing industry, and modern agriculture to achieve free flow and effective allocation of various factors for technical progress.
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Chow, Wilfred M., Enze Han et Xiaojun Li. « Brexit identities and British public opinion on China ». International Affairs 95, no 6 (1 novembre 2019) : 1369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz191.
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Abstract Many studies have explored the importance of public opinion in British foreign policy decision-making, especially when it comes to the UK's relations with the United States and the European Union. Despite its importance, there is a dearth of research on public opinion about British foreign policy towards other major players in the international system, such as emerging powers like China. We have addressed this knowledge gap by conducting a public opinion survey in the UK after the Brexit referendum. Our research findings indicate that the British public at large finds China's rise disconcerting, but is also pragmatic in its understanding of how the ensuing bilateral relations should be managed. More importantly, our results show that views on China are clearly split between the two opposing Brexit identities. Those who subscribe strongly to the Leave identity, measured by their aversion to the EU and antipathy towards immigration, are also more likely to hold negative perceptions of Chinese global leadership and be more suspicious of China as a military threat. In contrast, those who espouse a Remain identity—that is, believe that Britain would be better served within the EU and with more immigrants—are more likely to prefer closer engagement with China and to have a more positive outlook overall on China's place within the global community.
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Sicular, Terry. « Agricultural Planning and Pricing in the Post-Mao Period ». China Quarterly 116 (décembre 1988) : 671–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000037929.
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During the past decade China's leaders have called repeatedly for reductions in administrative interventions in the economy, for greater reliance on economic “levers,” for decentralization of economic decision-making, and for an increased role of markets. Although the need for liberalization is fairly widely accepted, debate over how far and how fast to proceed has continued. One view initially proposed by Chen Yun sees China moving towards a system where a “planned economy is primary, and markets are supplementary” (jihua jingji wei zhu, shichang tiaojie wei bu). Others advocate moving beyond Chen Yun's vision to a system where, in fact if not in name, allocation takes place primarily through markets. Li Peng's government work report to the first session of the Seventh National People's Congress suggests that the current consensus leans towards the latter, more progressive view:The focus of reform of the planning system is to transform the function of state planning organs, gradually reduce mandatory planning and expand guidance planning, … use economic instruments, and gradually establish a new economic mechanism where “the state regulates markets, and markets guide enterprises” (guojia tiaojie shichang, shichang yindao qiye).
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Thøgersen, Stig. « Chinese students' great expectations : Prospective pre-school teachers on the move ». Learning and Teaching 5, no 3 (1 décembre 2012) : 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2012.050305.
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The article focuses on Chinese students' hopes and expectations before leaving to study abroad. The national political environment for their decision to go abroad is shaped by an official narrative of China's transition to a more creative and innovative economy. Students draw on this narrative to interpret their own educational histories and prior experiences, while at the same time making use of imaginaries of 'Western' education to redefine themselves as independent individuals in an increasingly globalised and individualised world. Through a case study of prospective pre-school teachers preparing to study abroad, the article shows how personal, professional and even national goals are closely interwoven. Students expect education abroad to be a personally transformative experience, but rather than defining their goals of individual freedom and creativity in opposition to the authoritarian political system, they think of themselves as having a role in the transformation of Chinese attitudes to education and parent-child relations.
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Scott, James. « China Threat ? Evidence from the WTO ». Journal of World Trade 47, Issue 4 (1 août 2013) : 761–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2013025.
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The rise of China has elicited a voluminous response from scholars, business groups, journalists and beyond. Within this literature, a 'China Threat Theory' has emerged which portrays China as a destabilizing force within global politics and economics. Though originating in Realist accounts, this China Threat Theory has spread across to other approaches, and it increasingly forms the backdrop against which scholarly work positions itself. Our article contributes to this debate by examining China's role within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It assesses the extent to which China has been the disruptive power that it is often claimed to be. In particular, the article examines the change identified in Chinese diplomacy around 2008, and argues that this is attributable to the process of learning and socialization that China had to undergo as a new member, coupled with its elevation to a position of decision-making power. Contrary to the China Threat Theory, we find little to suggest that China has adopted an aggressive system challenging mode of behaviour.
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Kuang, Yuyu, et Zhongwu Li. « Personal Value Orientation, Expectation Confirmation and Choice Behavior : A Perspective of Sustainable Higher Vocational Development ». International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no 7 (30 novembre 2022) : 2263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170727.
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The sustainable development of higher vocational colleges meets the demand for technical skills talents in the market, and is also a great positive factor for the quality improvement of China's manufacturing industry. As the main force in the technical skill talent market, higher vocational college students are also the most important group in need of attention and support in the education system. Based on the real situation of sustainable higher vocational in China, the SEM equation structure model is used to study the relationship among choice behaviors of the students, the economic value orientation, social value orientation, independent choice ability, expectation and perceived value. The results of this research can put forward some enlightenment and suggestions for the development of higher vocational colleges. The empirical research results are of great practical significance and academic value, which can provide theoretical reference and basis for the future strategic decision-making of higher vocational education and government departments.
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Xu, Yanting, et Tinghui Li. « Measuring digital economy in China ». National Accounting Review 4, no 3 (2022) : 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nar.2022015.
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<abstract> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the digital economy in restoring economic and social development, creating more jobs and improving people's well-being. To inform policy makers about changes to digital strategies, measuring the digital economy is a prerequisite. This study aimed to compile an index of digital economy at the provincial (municipalities, autonomous regions, collectively referred to as "provinces") level to present an accurate and in-depth depiction of how it has developed in China. Our sample covers 31 provinces in China, over the period 2010–2020. This paper firstly constructs the digital economy index system from the four dimensions of digital users, digital platforms, digital industries and digital innovation, and then adopts a combination of entropy weighting method and grey target theory to measure the digital economy index. This paper study revealed that China's digital economy has been on an upward trend from 2010 to 2019 and has a decline in 2020, and the digital innovation is an important driving force for the growth of the digital economy index. The convergence of China's digital economy is decreasing, indicating that the gap in digital economy development between provinces is increasing. The proposed index in this study can be used as a screening tool, decision making tool, benchmarking tool and guidance of high-quality digital economy development.</p> </abstract>
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Ge, Jiaojiao, Anxia Wan, Benhong Peng et Guo Wei. « Risk evaluation of energy investment projects along the Belt and Road based on cloud model and evidence theory ». Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 14, no 5 (septembre 2022) : 055903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093425.
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China's major energy projects along the Belt and Road are characterized by large-scale capital investment, long construction cycles, and complex investment environments, making it more difficult to assess project investment risks. Based on the PESTEL theory, a risk evaluation index system is constructed for energy enterprises' investment projects along the Belt and Road. In view of the uncertainty of energy investment projects, a risk evaluation method combining a cloud model and an evidence theory is proposed. To examine the developed index system and risk evaluation method, an overseas hydropower investment project is chosen and the risk factors are analyzed. The results suggest that the risk level of the enterprise's project is highest, the political and environmental risks are both high, the economic and project risks are both at average level, and the energy risk is relatively low, which verifies the effectiveness of this information fusion method. The method can be used to solve the problem of linguistic ambiguity and uncertainty in multi-attribute decision problems and is applicable to similar investment projects, thus providing a new technical path to assess the investment risks of energy enterprises along the Belt and Road.
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Zhang, Yuhao. « Digital Government Construction Perspective : A Study on the Path to Promote the Improvement of Government Public Management Capacity ». Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 6, no 3 (4 décembre 2022) : 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v6i3.3281.
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The report of the 20th Party Congress put forward the strategic policy of accelerating the construction of a strong network and digital China. In today's era, digital technology is booming and the digital transformation of the whole society has become the frontier of modern development. Widely applying digital technology to government management services and promoting the digital and intelligent operation of government to build a digital government is an essential aspect of digital China and a vital link to improve China's digital ecology. It is conducive to providing strong support for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Strengthening the construction of digital government is an important initiative to innovate the concept and mode of government governance and an important engine to strengthen government operation, decision-making, service and supervision capabilities. From the perspective of digital government construction, this paper explores how to further improve the government's public management capacity from the application level of digital technology. It analyzes the opportunities and challenges facing the construction of digital government in the context of the current big data era. And provide policy suggestions for the construction of digital government.
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Zhou, Liu, Zhou et Xia. « Simulation of the Impact of Urban Forest Scale on PM2.5 and PM10 based on System Dynamics ». Sustainability 11, no 21 (28 octobre 2019) : 5998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215998.
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In the context of ecological civil construction in China, afforestation is highly valued. Planting trees can improve air quality in China's large cities. However, there is a lack of scientific analysis quantifying the impact urban forest scale has on the air quality, and what scale is advisable. The problem still exists of subjective decision-making in afforestation. Similar studies have rarely analyzed the long-term effect research of urban forests on air improvement. Using as an example, the city of Wuhan, this paper identifies the regularity between particulate matter concentration and adsorption of sample leaves, and establishes a system dynamics model of "economy, energy and atmospheric environment.” By combining this regularity with the model, the long-term impact of forest scale on particulate matter and atmospheric environment was simulated. The results show that if the forest coverage rate reaches at least 30%, the annual average concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can both reach the Grade I limit of national Ambient Air Quality Standard by 2050. The current forest cover is 22.9% of the administrative area. Increasing the forest cover by 600 km2 would increase this percentage to 30% of the total area. In the long run (by the year 2050), however, we showed that this increase would only reduce the annual concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 by 1–2%. Therefore, about 90% of the concentration reduction would still rely on the traditional emission reduction measures. More other ecological functions of forests should be considered in afforestation plan.
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Wang, Zhuo, Haowen Yan, Yuhan Huang et Yazhen Li. « Robustness assessment of China's high-speed railway transportation network ». Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 juillet 2019) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-398-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The robustness of the high-speed rail transportation network is closely related to the passenger transportation efficiency, and is also a concrete manifestation of the anti-jamming capability of the high-speed railway transportation system. By the end of 2017, the business mileage of Chinese high-speed railway has reached 25,164 km, the number of passengers has reached 175.216 million, accounting for 56.8% of railway passenger traffic; the number of passenger turnover has reached 587.56 billion person-km, accounting for 43.7% of railway passenger traffic turnover.As of 2018 On December 4th, the country operate 4,251 high-speed railway trains every day. At the same time, passenger transportation efficiency of high-speed railways is highly susceptible to sudden events such as natural disasters. Therefore, quantitative assessment of anti-jamming capability of high-speed railway network, and the propose of specific improvements, are of great practical significance to improve passenger transport efficiency, enhance scientific decision-making high-speed rail transport infrastructure investments.</p><p>This paper used the the high-speed train running data on December 4, 2018 to analyze the work.Its high-speed railway network schematic is shown in Figure 1.</p><p>The Scale-free property of networks means that the node degree of networks obeys power-law distribution. It is generally believed that scale-free networks exhibit robustness against random faults and vulnerability to deliberate attacks. In this paper, the regularity of node degree change is expressed by distribution function P(k). As shown in the degree distribution of double logarithmic coordinate system as shown in Figure 2, the network has a great goodness of fit and better obeys power law score.That is to say, the network is a scale-free network.</p><p>In this paper, random attacks and deliberate attack simulations are used to observe the condition of the structure of China's high-speed railway network, and in order to measure the robustness of high-speed rail network. Among them, the formula refers to random delete a node from the network; deliberate attack is to delete nodes according to their importance. Attack strategies for node degree and intermediate centrality are used to determine which nodes are selected for each simulated attack (the lower the importance, the smaller the impact on the network). According to the three attack strategies for the high-speed railway transportation network, experiments are carried out to carry out continuous simulation attacks on the network: in each time, a node in the network and all its connected edges are deleted, the relative average shortest path and average clustering coefficient of the network at this time are counted. And the degree of fragmentation, looping until all nodes in the network are deleted, that is to say, the network is completely invalid. In Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the X axis represents the number of attack nodes, and the Y axis represents the current network structure feature metric.</p><p>It can be seen that the intentional attack based on the centrality of node mediation has the most serious damage to the network, that is, in other word, the state of splitting and crashing of the network.. For deliberate attacks, China's high-speed railway transport network is very fragile, and attacking nodes with high intermediary centrality value is the most destructive to China's high-speed railway transport network. Therefore,in order to ensure the normal operation of passenger transport we need to focus on ensuring the stability of the sites with the highest intermediary value. This paper ranks the sites according to the value of intermediary centrality. Figure 6 shows the top 10 sites in China's high-speed rail transport network with centrality as intermediaries.</p>
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Suh, Jin Kyo. « U.S.–China Trade Conflict and the Changing Multilateral Trading System : Korea's Perspective ». Asian Economic Papers 18, no 3 (décembre 2019) : 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the biggest risks to the world economy today is the U.S.–China trade tension. Korea is said to be particularly vulnerable to the trade conflict between the two economic giants because the United States and China are its two largest trading partners. Under the scenario that both the United States and China mutually impose 25 percent of tariffs on all imports, Korea's exports are projected to be reduced by USD 13.3 billion, just 2.2 percent of total exports in 2018. This apparent low impact is because a significant portion of Korea's exports to China are used for domestic consumption in China, not for re-export to third countries, including the United States. The adverse impact of the tit-for-tat tariffs between these two countries on Korea's exports may not be fully realized yet, however, because of the efforts by individual firms to avoid pre-announced tariffs. Thus, more time is needed to properly capture the influences of the U.S.–China trade tensions on the Korean economy. On the other hand, the current World Trade Organization (WTO) reform led by developed countries such as the United States, EU, and Japan can be interpreted as another version of a bilateral trade conflict between the United States and China. In fact, it targets state-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) subsidies, which are the backbone of China's state-led economic development model. Furthermore, WTO reform is closely related to U.S. complaints that the WTO cannot effectively control the unfair trade practices of non-market economies like China. Considering the consensus-based decision-making mechanism of the WTO, it is highly unlikely that WTO members will derive a successful agreement on the current WTO reform. Again, the WTO is in danger of dichotomy; one group led by developed members and the other group composed mostly of developing members. Each group will try to make new trade norms suited to only their own taste.
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Jing He, Zi, Sze Ting Chen, Kai Yin Allison Haga et Yao Jun Fan. « INTEREST RATE LIBERALIZATION TO BANK’S RISK RESISTANCE : MODERATOR OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND MEDIATOR OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION ». Humanities & ; Social Sciences Reviews 8, no 4 (26 septembre 2020) : 1363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.84128.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose: Most prior studies on interest rate liberalization focused on banking system reforms and technological reforms, as well as liberalization’s impact on the profitability of commercial banks. Rarely considered were the effects of monetary policy or management’s leadership ability. This paper aims to investigate the influence of these two missing aspects and to explore whether or not such liberalization has had any influence on commercial banks’ risk resistance capacity and, if so, to identify the nature of that influence.
Methodology: This article considers 18 commercial banks in China, operating from 2003 to 2018. Analyses include descriptive statistics, the Sobel test, the ADF stationarity test, and the VAR model co-integration test.
Main Findings: Our results show that China’s interest rate marketization reform has a net positive effect on reducing bank risk, despite the new risks created by reform. Commercial bank anti-risk capabilities were also found to be improved both by China's monetary policy transmission for interest rate liberalization and by the strategic leadership capabilities of individual bank managers.
Results: Based on these research results, this article encourages the Chinese government to strengthen appropriate laws and regulations to reduce the bankruptcy risk of commercial banks during interest rate liberalization. Commercial banks should build competent risk management teams with the ability to anticipate risks to allow their banks to better resist the disadvantages of interest rate liberalization reforms.
Application: Based on these research results, this article can provide insights for the Chinese government, showing that appropriate laws and regulations should be strengthened to reduce the risk of bankruptcy that commercial banks may face as a consequence of interest rate liberalization.
Originality/Value: This paper contributes to the theory of interest rate liberalization and anti-risk capability of commercial banks, by conceptualizing new constructs from strategic leadership and monetary policy transmission theory. It finds that market-oriented rate reform has increased interest rate risk and complicated the term structure. Commercial banks should, therefore, improve their operational management capabilities and optimize their internal governance decision-making mechanisms.